dolphin/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/Renderer.cpp

// Copyright 2016 Dolphin Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2+
// Refer to the license.txt file included.

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <limits>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>

#include "Common/Assert.h"
#include "Common/CommonTypes.h"
#include "Common/Logging/Log.h"
#include "Common/MsgHandler.h"

#include "Core/Core.h"

#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/BoundingBox.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/CommandBufferManager.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/ObjectCache.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/PerfQuery.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/Renderer.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/StateTracker.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/StreamBuffer.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/SwapChain.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKPipeline.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKShader.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKTexture.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VertexFormat.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VulkanContext.h"

#include "VideoCommon/DriverDetails.h"
#include "VideoCommon/FramebufferManager.h"
#include "VideoCommon/RenderState.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VertexManagerBase.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VideoCommon.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"
#include "VideoCommon/XFMemory.h"

namespace Vulkan
{
Renderer::Renderer(std::unique_ptr<SwapChain> swap_chain, float backbuffer_scale)
    : ::Renderer(swap_chain ? static_cast<int>(swap_chain->GetWidth()) : 1,
                 swap_chain ? static_cast<int>(swap_chain->GetHeight()) : 0, backbuffer_scale,
                 swap_chain ? swap_chain->GetTextureFormat() : AbstractTextureFormat::Undefined),
      m_swap_chain(std::move(swap_chain))
{
  UpdateActiveConfig();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < m_sampler_states.size(); i++)
    m_sampler_states[i].hex = RenderState::GetPointSamplerState().hex;
}

Renderer::~Renderer() = default;

bool Renderer::IsHeadless() const
{
  return m_swap_chain == nullptr;
}

bool Renderer::Initialize()
{
  if (!::Renderer::Initialize())
    return false;

  m_bounding_box = std::make_unique<BoundingBox>();
  if (!m_bounding_box->Initialize())
  {
    PanicAlert("Failed to initialize bounding box.");
    return false;
  }

  // Various initialization routines will have executed commands on the command buffer.
  // Execute what we have done before beginning the first frame.
  ExecuteCommandBuffer(true, false);
  return true;
}

void Renderer::Shutdown()
{
  ::Renderer::Shutdown();
  m_swap_chain.reset();
}

std::unique_ptr<AbstractTexture> Renderer::CreateTexture(const TextureConfig& config)
{
  return VKTexture::Create(config);
}

std::unique_ptr<AbstractStagingTexture> Renderer::CreateStagingTexture(StagingTextureType type,
                                                                       const TextureConfig& config)
{
  return VKStagingTexture::Create(type, config);
}

std::unique_ptr<AbstractShader> Renderer::CreateShaderFromSource(ShaderStage stage,
                                                                 const char* source, size_t length)
{
  return VKShader::CreateFromSource(stage, source, length);
}

std::unique_ptr<AbstractShader> Renderer::CreateShaderFromBinary(ShaderStage stage,
                                                                 const void* data, size_t length)
{
  return VKShader::CreateFromBinary(stage, data, length);
}

std::unique_ptr<NativeVertexFormat>
Renderer::CreateNativeVertexFormat(const PortableVertexDeclaration& vtx_decl)
{
  return std::make_unique<VertexFormat>(vtx_decl);
}

std::unique_ptr<AbstractPipeline> Renderer::CreatePipeline(const AbstractPipelineConfig& config)
{
  return VKPipeline::Create(config);
}

std::unique_ptr<AbstractFramebuffer> Renderer::CreateFramebuffer(AbstractTexture* color_attachment,
                                                                 AbstractTexture* depth_attachment)
{
  return VKFramebuffer::Create(static_cast<VKTexture*>(color_attachment),
                               static_cast<VKTexture*>(depth_attachment));
}

void Renderer::SetPipeline(const AbstractPipeline* pipeline)
{
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetPipeline(static_cast<const VKPipeline*>(pipeline));
}

u16 Renderer::BBoxRead(int index)
{
  s32 value = m_bounding_box->Get(static_cast<size_t>(index));

  // Here we get the min/max value of the truncated position of the upscaled framebuffer.
  // So we have to correct them to the unscaled EFB sizes.
  if (index < 2)
  {
    // left/right
    value = value * EFB_WIDTH / m_target_width;
  }
  else
  {
    // up/down
    value = value * EFB_HEIGHT / m_target_height;
  }

  // fix max values to describe the outer border
  if (index & 1)
    value++;

  return static_cast<u16>(value);
}

void Renderer::BBoxWrite(int index, u16 value)
{
  s32 scaled_value = static_cast<s32>(value);

  // fix max values to describe the outer border
  if (index & 1)
    scaled_value--;

  // scale to internal resolution
  if (index < 2)
  {
    // left/right
    scaled_value = scaled_value * m_target_width / EFB_WIDTH;
  }
  else
  {
    // up/down
    scaled_value = scaled_value * m_target_height / EFB_HEIGHT;
  }

  m_bounding_box->Set(static_cast<size_t>(index), scaled_value);
}

void Renderer::BBoxFlush()
{
  m_bounding_box->Flush();
  m_bounding_box->Invalidate();
}

void Renderer::ClearScreen(const EFBRectangle& rc, bool color_enable, bool alpha_enable,
                           bool z_enable, u32 color, u32 z)
{
  g_framebuffer_manager->FlushEFBPokes();
  g_framebuffer_manager->FlagPeekCacheAsOutOfDate();

  // Native -> EFB coordinates
  TargetRectangle target_rc = Renderer::ConvertEFBRectangle(rc);

  // Size we pass this size to vkBeginRenderPass, it has to be clamped to the framebuffer
  // dimensions. The other backends just silently ignore this case.
  target_rc.ClampUL(0, 0, m_target_width, m_target_height);

  VkRect2D target_vk_rc = {
      {target_rc.left, target_rc.top},
      {static_cast<uint32_t>(target_rc.GetWidth()), static_cast<uint32_t>(target_rc.GetHeight())}};

  // Determine whether the EFB has an alpha channel. If it doesn't, we can clear the alpha
  // channel to 0xFF. This hopefully allows us to use the fast path in most cases.
  if (bpmem.zcontrol.pixel_format == PEControl::RGB565_Z16 ||
      bpmem.zcontrol.pixel_format == PEControl::RGB8_Z24 ||
      bpmem.zcontrol.pixel_format == PEControl::Z24)
  {
    // Force alpha writes, and clear the alpha channel. This is different to the other backends,
    // where the existing values of the alpha channel are preserved.
    alpha_enable = true;
    color &= 0x00FFFFFF;
  }

  // Convert RGBA8 -> floating-point values.
  VkClearValue clear_color_value = {};
  VkClearValue clear_depth_value = {};
  clear_color_value.color.float32[0] = static_cast<float>((color >> 16) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
  clear_color_value.color.float32[1] = static_cast<float>((color >> 8) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
  clear_color_value.color.float32[2] = static_cast<float>((color >> 0) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
  clear_color_value.color.float32[3] = static_cast<float>((color >> 24) & 0xFF) / 255.0f;
  clear_depth_value.depthStencil.depth = static_cast<float>(z & 0xFFFFFF) / 16777216.0f;
  if (!g_ActiveConfig.backend_info.bSupportsReversedDepthRange)
    clear_depth_value.depthStencil.depth = 1.0f - clear_depth_value.depthStencil.depth;

  // If we're not in a render pass (start of the frame), we can use a clear render pass
  // to discard the data, rather than loading and then clearing.
  bool use_clear_attachments = (color_enable && alpha_enable) || z_enable;
  bool use_clear_render_pass =
      !StateTracker::GetInstance()->InRenderPass() && color_enable && alpha_enable && z_enable;

  // The NVIDIA Vulkan driver causes the GPU to lock up, or throw exceptions if MSAA is enabled,
  // a non-full clear rect is specified, and a clear loadop or vkCmdClearAttachments is used.
  if (g_ActiveConfig.iMultisamples > 1 &&
      DriverDetails::HasBug(DriverDetails::BUG_BROKEN_MSAA_CLEAR))
  {
    use_clear_render_pass = false;
    use_clear_attachments = false;
  }

  // This path cannot be used if the driver implementation doesn't guarantee pixels with no drawn
  // geometry in "this" renderpass won't be cleared
  if (DriverDetails::HasBug(DriverDetails::BUG_BROKEN_CLEAR_LOADOP_RENDERPASS))
    use_clear_render_pass = false;

  // Fastest path: Use a render pass to clear the buffers.
  if (use_clear_render_pass)
  {
    const std::array<VkClearValue, 2> clear_values = {{clear_color_value, clear_depth_value}};
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->BeginClearRenderPass(target_vk_rc, clear_values.data(),
                                                      static_cast<u32>(clear_values.size()));
    return;
  }

  // Fast path: Use vkCmdClearAttachments to clear the buffers within a render path
  // We can't use this when preserving alpha but clearing color.
  if (use_clear_attachments)
  {
    VkClearAttachment clear_attachments[2];
    uint32_t num_clear_attachments = 0;
    if (color_enable && alpha_enable)
    {
      clear_attachments[num_clear_attachments].aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
      clear_attachments[num_clear_attachments].colorAttachment = 0;
      clear_attachments[num_clear_attachments].clearValue = clear_color_value;
      num_clear_attachments++;
      color_enable = false;
      alpha_enable = false;
    }
    if (z_enable)
    {
      clear_attachments[num_clear_attachments].aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
      clear_attachments[num_clear_attachments].colorAttachment = 0;
      clear_attachments[num_clear_attachments].clearValue = clear_depth_value;
      num_clear_attachments++;
      z_enable = false;
    }
    if (num_clear_attachments > 0)
    {
      VkClearRect vk_rect = {target_vk_rc, 0, g_framebuffer_manager->GetEFBLayers()};
      if (!StateTracker::GetInstance()->IsWithinRenderArea(
              target_vk_rc.offset.x, target_vk_rc.offset.y, target_vk_rc.extent.width,
              target_vk_rc.extent.height))
      {
        StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndClearRenderPass();
      }
      StateTracker::GetInstance()->BeginRenderPass();

      vkCmdClearAttachments(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), num_clear_attachments,
                            clear_attachments, 1, &vk_rect);
    }
  }

  // Anything left over for the slow path?
  if (!color_enable && !alpha_enable && !z_enable)
    return;

  g_framebuffer_manager->ClearEFB(rc, color_enable, alpha_enable, z_enable, color, z);
}

void Renderer::Flush()
{
  ExecuteCommandBuffer(true, false);
}

void Renderer::WaitForGPUIdle()
{
  ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);
}

void Renderer::BindBackbuffer(const ClearColor& clear_color)
{
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndRenderPass();

  // Handle host window resizes.
  CheckForSurfaceChange();
  CheckForSurfaceResize();

  VkResult res = g_command_buffer_mgr->CheckLastPresentFail() ? VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR :
                                                                m_swap_chain->AcquireNextImage();
  if (res == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR || res == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR)
  {
    // Execute cmdbuffer before resizing, as the last frame could still be presenting.
    ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);
    m_swap_chain->ResizeSwapChain();
    res = m_swap_chain->AcquireNextImage();
  }
  if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
    PanicAlert("Failed to grab image from swap chain");

  // Transition from undefined (or present src, but it can be substituted) to
  // color attachment ready for writing. These transitions must occur outside
  // a render pass, unless the render pass declares a self-dependency.
  m_swap_chain->GetCurrentTexture()->OverrideImageLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
  m_swap_chain->GetCurrentTexture()->TransitionToLayout(
      g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
  SetAndClearFramebuffer(m_swap_chain->GetCurrentFramebuffer(),
                         ClearColor{{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}});
}

void Renderer::PresentBackbuffer()
{
  // End drawing to backbuffer
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndRenderPass();
  PerfQuery::GetInstance()->FlushQueries();

  // Transition the backbuffer to PRESENT_SRC to ensure all commands drawing
  // to it have finished before present.
  m_swap_chain->GetCurrentTexture()->TransitionToLayout(
      g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR);

  // Submit the current command buffer, signaling rendering finished semaphore when it's done
  // Because this final command buffer is rendering to the swap chain, we need to wait for
  // the available semaphore to be signaled before executing the buffer. This final submission
  // can happen off-thread in the background while we're preparing the next frame.
  g_command_buffer_mgr->SubmitCommandBuffer(true, m_swap_chain->GetSwapChain(),
                                            m_swap_chain->GetCurrentImageIndex());

  // New cmdbuffer, so invalidate state.
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->InvalidateCachedState();
}

void Renderer::ExecuteCommandBuffer(bool submit_off_thread, bool wait_for_completion)
{
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndRenderPass();
  PerfQuery::GetInstance()->FlushQueries();

  // If we're waiting for completion, don't bother waking the worker thread.
  const VkFence pending_fence = g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBufferFence();
  g_command_buffer_mgr->SubmitCommandBuffer(submit_off_thread && wait_for_completion);
  if (wait_for_completion)
    g_command_buffer_mgr->WaitForFence(pending_fence);

  StateTracker::GetInstance()->InvalidateCachedState();
}

void Renderer::CheckForSurfaceChange()
{
  if (!m_surface_changed.TestAndClear() || !m_swap_chain)
    return;

  // Submit the current draws up until rendering the XFB.
  ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);

  // Clear the present failed flag, since we don't want to resize after recreating.
  g_command_buffer_mgr->CheckLastPresentFail();

  // Recreate the surface. If this fails we're in trouble.
  if (!m_swap_chain->RecreateSurface(m_new_surface_handle))
    PanicAlert("Failed to recreate Vulkan surface. Cannot continue.");
  m_new_surface_handle = nullptr;

  // Handle case where the dimensions are now different.
  OnSwapChainResized();
}

void Renderer::CheckForSurfaceResize()
{
  if (!m_surface_resized.TestAndClear())
    return;

  // If we don't have a surface, how can we resize the swap chain?
  // CheckForSurfaceChange should handle this case.
  if (!m_swap_chain)
  {
    WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "Surface resize event received without active surface, ignoring");
    return;
  }

  // Wait for the GPU to catch up since we're going to destroy the swap chain.
  ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);

  // Clear the present failed flag, since we don't want to resize after recreating.
  g_command_buffer_mgr->CheckLastPresentFail();

  // Resize the swap chain.
  m_swap_chain->RecreateSwapChain();
  OnSwapChainResized();
}

void Renderer::OnConfigChanged(u32 bits)
{
  if (bits & CONFIG_CHANGE_BIT_HOST_CONFIG)
    g_object_cache->ReloadPipelineCache();

  // For vsync, we need to change the present mode, which means recreating the swap chain.
  if (m_swap_chain && bits & CONFIG_CHANGE_BIT_VSYNC)
  {
    ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);
    m_swap_chain->SetVSync(g_ActiveConfig.bVSyncActive);
  }

  // For quad-buffered stereo we need to change the layer count, so recreate the swap chain.
  if (m_swap_chain && bits & CONFIG_CHANGE_BIT_STEREO_MODE)
  {
    ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);
    m_swap_chain->RecreateSwapChain();
  }

  // Wipe sampler cache if force texture filtering or anisotropy changes.
  if (bits & (CONFIG_CHANGE_BIT_ANISOTROPY | CONFIG_CHANGE_BIT_FORCE_TEXTURE_FILTERING))
  {
    ExecuteCommandBuffer(false, true);
    ResetSamplerStates();
  }
}

void Renderer::OnSwapChainResized()
{
  m_backbuffer_width = m_swap_chain->GetWidth();
  m_backbuffer_height = m_swap_chain->GetHeight();
}

void Renderer::BindFramebuffer(VKFramebuffer* fb)
{
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndRenderPass();

  // Shouldn't be bound as a texture.
  if (fb->GetColorAttachment())
  {
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->UnbindTexture(
        static_cast<VKTexture*>(fb->GetColorAttachment())->GetView());
  }
  if (fb->GetDepthAttachment())
  {
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->UnbindTexture(
        static_cast<VKTexture*>(fb->GetDepthAttachment())->GetView());
  }

  fb->TransitionForRender();
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetFramebuffer(fb);
  m_current_framebuffer = fb;
}

void Renderer::SetFramebuffer(AbstractFramebuffer* framebuffer)
{
  if (m_current_framebuffer == framebuffer)
    return;

  VKFramebuffer* vkfb = static_cast<VKFramebuffer*>(framebuffer);
  BindFramebuffer(vkfb);
}

void Renderer::SetAndDiscardFramebuffer(AbstractFramebuffer* framebuffer)
{
  if (m_current_framebuffer == framebuffer)
    return;

  VKFramebuffer* vkfb = static_cast<VKFramebuffer*>(framebuffer);
  BindFramebuffer(vkfb);

  // If we're discarding, begin the discard pass, then switch to a load pass.
  // This way if the command buffer is flushed, we don't start another discard pass.
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->BeginDiscardRenderPass();
}

void Renderer::SetAndClearFramebuffer(AbstractFramebuffer* framebuffer,
                                      const ClearColor& color_value, float depth_value)
{
  VKFramebuffer* vkfb = static_cast<VKFramebuffer*>(framebuffer);
  BindFramebuffer(vkfb);

  std::array<VkClearValue, 2> clear_values;
  u32 num_clear_values = 0;
  if (vkfb->GetColorFormat() != AbstractTextureFormat::Undefined)
  {
    std::memcpy(clear_values[num_clear_values].color.float32, color_value.data(),
                sizeof(clear_values[num_clear_values].color.float32));
    num_clear_values++;
  }
  if (vkfb->GetDepthFormat() != AbstractTextureFormat::Undefined)
  {
    clear_values[num_clear_values].depthStencil.depth = depth_value;
    clear_values[num_clear_values].depthStencil.stencil = 0;
    num_clear_values++;
  }
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->BeginClearRenderPass(vkfb->GetRect(), clear_values.data(),
                                                    num_clear_values);
}

void Renderer::SetTexture(u32 index, const AbstractTexture* texture)
{
  // Texture should always be in SHADER_READ_ONLY layout prior to use.
  // This is so we don't need to transition during render passes.
  const VKTexture* tex = static_cast<const VKTexture*>(texture);
  if (tex)
  {
    if (tex->GetLayout() != VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL)
    {
      if (StateTracker::GetInstance()->InRenderPass())
      {
        WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "Transitioning image in render pass in Renderer::SetTexture()");
        StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndRenderPass();
      }

      tex->TransitionToLayout(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(),
                              VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
    }

    StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetTexture(index, tex->GetView());
  }
  else
  {
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetTexture(0, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
  }
}

void Renderer::SetSamplerState(u32 index, const SamplerState& state)
{
  // Skip lookup if the state hasn't changed.
  if (m_sampler_states[index].hex == state.hex)
    return;

  // Look up new state and replace in state tracker.
  VkSampler sampler = g_object_cache->GetSampler(state);
  if (sampler == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
  {
    ERROR_LOG(VIDEO, "Failed to create sampler");
    sampler = g_object_cache->GetPointSampler();
  }

  StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetSampler(index, sampler);
  m_sampler_states[index].hex = state.hex;
}

void Renderer::SetComputeImageTexture(AbstractTexture* texture, bool read, bool write)
{
  VKTexture* vk_texture = static_cast<VKTexture*>(texture);
  if (vk_texture)
  {
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->EndRenderPass();
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetImageTexture(vk_texture->GetView());
    vk_texture->TransitionToLayout(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(),
                                   read ? (write ? VKTexture::ComputeImageLayout::ReadWrite :
                                                   VKTexture::ComputeImageLayout::ReadOnly) :
                                          VKTexture::ComputeImageLayout::WriteOnly);
  }
  else
  {
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetImageTexture(VK_NULL_HANDLE);
  }
}

void Renderer::UnbindTexture(const AbstractTexture* texture)
{
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->UnbindTexture(static_cast<const VKTexture*>(texture)->GetView());
}

void Renderer::ResetSamplerStates()
{
  // Ensure none of the sampler objects are in use.
  // This assumes that none of the samplers are in use on the command list currently being recorded.
  g_command_buffer_mgr->WaitForGPUIdle();

  // Invalidate all sampler states, next draw will re-initialize them.
  for (u32 i = 0; i < m_sampler_states.size(); i++)
  {
    m_sampler_states[i].hex = RenderState::GetPointSamplerState().hex;
    StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetSampler(i, g_object_cache->GetPointSampler());
  }

  // Invalidate all sampler objects (some will be unused now).
  g_object_cache->ClearSamplerCache();
}

void Renderer::SetScissorRect(const MathUtil::Rectangle<int>& rc)
{
  VkRect2D scissor = {{rc.left, rc.top},
                      {static_cast<u32>(rc.GetWidth()), static_cast<u32>(rc.GetHeight())}};
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetScissor(scissor);
}

void Renderer::SetViewport(float x, float y, float width, float height, float near_depth,
                           float far_depth)
{
  VkViewport viewport = {x, y, width, height, near_depth, far_depth};
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetViewport(viewport);
}

void Renderer::Draw(u32 base_vertex, u32 num_vertices)
{
  if (!StateTracker::GetInstance()->Bind())
    return;

  vkCmdDraw(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), num_vertices, 1, base_vertex, 0);
}

void Renderer::DrawIndexed(u32 base_index, u32 num_indices, u32 base_vertex)
{
  if (!StateTracker::GetInstance()->Bind())
    return;

  vkCmdDrawIndexed(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), num_indices, 1, base_index,
                   base_vertex, 0);
}

void Renderer::DispatchComputeShader(const AbstractShader* shader, u32 groups_x, u32 groups_y,
                                     u32 groups_z)
{
  StateTracker::GetInstance()->SetComputeShader(static_cast<const VKShader*>(shader));
  if (StateTracker::GetInstance()->BindCompute())
    vkCmdDispatch(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), groups_x, groups_y, groups_z);
}

}  // namespace Vulkan