mirror of https://github.com/bsnes-emu/bsnes.git
29 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
Tim Allen
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04072b278b |
Update to v102r16 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- Emulator::Stream now allows adding low-pass and high-pass filters
dynamically
- also accepts a pass# count; each pass is a second-order biquad
butterworth IIR filter
- Emulator::Stream no longer automatically filters out >20KHz
frequencies for all streams
- FC: added 20Hz high-pass filter; 20KHz low-pass filter
- GB: removed simple 'magic constant' high-pass filter of unknown
cutoff frequency (missed this one in the last WIP)
- GB,SGB,GBC: added 20Hz high-pass filter; 20KHz low-pass filter
- MS,GG,MD/PSG: added 20Hz high-pass filter; 20KHz low-pass filter
- MD: added save state support (but it's completely broken for now;
sorry)
- MD/YM2612: fixed Voice#3 per-operator pitch support (fixes sound
effects in Streets of Rage, etc)
- PCE: added 20Hz high-pass filter; 20KHz low-pass filter
- WS,WSC: added 20Hz high-pass filter; 20KHz low-pass filter
So, the point of the low-pass filters is to remove frequencies above
human hearing. If we don't do this, then resampling will introduce
aliasing that results in sounds that are audible to the human ear. Which
basically an annoying buzzing sound. You'll definitely hear the
improvement from these in games like Mega Man 2 on the NES. Of course,
these already existed before, so this WIP won't sound better than
previous WIPs.
The high-pass filters are a little more complicated. Their main role is
to remove DC bias and help to center the audio stream. I don't
understand how they do this at all, but ... that's what everyone who
knows what they're talking about says, thus ... so be it.
I have set all of the high-pass filters to 20Hz, which is below the
limit of human hearing. Now this is where it gets really interesting ...
technically, some of these systems actually cut off a lot of range. For
instance, the GBA should technically use an 800Hz high-pass filter when
output is done through the system's speakers. But of course, if you plug
in headphones, you can hear the lower frequencies.
Now 800Hz ... you definitely can hear. At that level, nearly all of the
bass is stripped out and the audio is very tinny. Just like the real
system. But for now, I don't want to emulate the audio being crushed
that badly.
I'm sticking with 20Hz everywhere since it won't negatively affect audio
quality. In fact, you should not be able to hear any difference between
this WIP and the previous WIP. But theoretically, DC bias should mostly
be removed as a result of these new filters. It may be that we need to
raise the values on some cores in the future, but I don't want to do
that until we know for certain that we have to.
What I can say is that compared to even older WIPs than r15 ... the
removal of the simple one-pole low-pass and high-pass filters with the
newer three-pass, second-order filters should result in much better
attenuation (less distortion of audible frequencies.) Probably not
enough to be noticeable in a blind test, though.
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Tim Allen
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4c3f9b93e7 |
Update to v102r12 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- MD/PSG: fixed 68K bus Z80 status read address location
- MS, GG, MD/PSG: channels post-decrement their counters, not
pre-decrement [Cydrak]¹
- MD/VDP: cache screen width registers once per scanline; screen
height registers once per frame
- MD/VDP: support 256-width display mode (used in Shining Force, etc)
- MD/YM2612: implemented timers²
- MD/YM2612: implemented 8-bit PCM DAC²
- 68000: TRAP instruction should index the vector location by 32 (eg
by 128 bytes), fixes Shining Force
- nall: updated hex(), octal(), binary() functions to take uintmax
instead of template<typename T> parameter³
¹: this one makes an incredible difference. Sie noticed that lots of
games set a period of 0, which would end up being a really long period
with pre-decrement. By fixing this, noise shows up in many more games,
and sounds way better in games even where it did before. You can hear
extra sound on Lunar - Sanposuru Gakuen's title screen, the noise in
Sonic The Hedgehog (Mega Drive) sounds better, etc.
²: this also really helps sound. The timers allow PSG music to play
back at the correct speed instead of playing back way too quickly. And
the PCM DAC lets you hear a lot of drum effects, as well as the
"Sega!!" sound at the start of Sonic the Hedgehog, and the infamous,
"Rise from your grave!" line from Altered Beast.
Still, most music on the Mega Drive comes from the FM channels, so
there's still not a whole lot to listen to.
I didn't implement Cydrak's $02c test register just yet. Sie wasn't 100%
certain on how the extended DAC bit worked, so I'd like to play it a
little conservative and get sound working, then I'll go back and add a
toggle or something to enable undocumented registers, that way we can
use that to detect any potential problems they might be causing.
³: unfortunately we lose support for using hex() on nall/arithmetic
types. If I have a const Pair& version of the function, then the
compiler gets confused on whether Natural<32> should use uintmax or
const Pair&, because compilers are stupid, and you can't have explicit
arguments in overloaded functions. So even though either function would
work, it just decides to error out instead >_>
This is actually really annoying, because I want hex() to be useful for
printing out nall/crypto keys and hashes directly.
But ... this change had to be made. Negative signed integers would crash
programs, and that was taking out my 68000 disassembler.
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Tim Allen
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d76c0c7e82 |
Update to v102r08 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- PCE: restructured VCE, VDCs to run one scanline at a time
- PCE: bound VDCs to 1365x262 timing (in order to decouple the VDCs
from the VCE)
- PCE: the two changes above allow save states to function; also
grants a minor speed boost
- PCE: added cheat code support (uses 21-bit bus addressing; compare
byte will be useful here)
- 68K: fixed `mov *,ccr` to read two bytes instead of one [Cydrak]
- Z80: emulated /BUSREQ, /BUSACK; allows 68K to suspend the Z80
[Cydrak]
- MD: emulated the Z80 executing instructions [Cydrak]
- MD: emulated Z80 interrupts (triggered during each Vblank period)
[Cydrak]
- MD: emulated Z80 memory map [Cydrak]
- MD: added stubs for PSG, YM2612 accesses [Cydrak]
- MD: improved bus emulation [Cydrak]
The PCE core is pretty much ready to go. The only major feature missing
is FM modulation.
The Mega Drive improvements let us start to see the splash screens for
Langrisser II, Shining Force, Shining in the Darkness. I was hoping I
could get them in-game, but no such luck. My Z80 implementation is
probably flawed in some way ... now that I think about it, I believe I
missed the BusAPU::reset() check for having been granted access to the
Z80 first. But I doubt that's the problem.
Next step is to implement Cydrak's PSG core into the Master System
emulator. Once that's in, I'm going to add save states and cheat code
support to the Master System core.
Next, I'll add the PSG core into the Mega Drive. Then I'll add the
'easy' PCM part of the YM2612. Then the rest of the beastly YM2612 core.
Then finally, cap things off with save state and cheat code support.
Should be nearing a new release at that point.
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Tim Allen
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bdc100e123 |
Update to v102r02 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- I caved on the `samples[] = {0.0}` thing, but I'm very unhappy about it
- if it's really invalid C++, then GCC needs to stop accepting it
in strict `-std=c++14` mode
- Emulator::Interface::Information::resettable is gone
- Emulator::Interface::reset() is gone
- FC, SFC, MD cores updated to remove soft reset behavior
- split GameBoy::Interface into GameBoyInterface,
GameBoyColorInterface
- split WonderSwan::Interface into WonderSwanInterface,
WonderSwanColorInterface
- PCE: fixed off-by-one scanline error [hex_usr]
- PCE: temporary hack to prevent crashing when VDS is set to < 2
- hiro: Cocoa: removed (u)int(#) constants; converted (u)int(#)
types to (u)int_(#)t types
- icarus: replaced usage of unique with strip instead (so we don't
mess up frameworks on macOS)
- libco: added macOS-specific section marker [Ryphecha]
So ... the major news this time is the removal of the soft reset
behavior. This is a major!! change that results in a 100KiB diff file,
and it's very prone to accidental mistakes!! If anyone is up for
testing, or even better -- looking over the code changes between v102r01
and v102r02 and looking for any issues, please do so. Ideally we'll want
to test every NES mapper type and every SNES coprocessor type by loading
said games and power cycling to make sure the games are all cleanly
resetting. It's too big of a change for me to cover there not being any
issues on my own, but this is truly critical code, so yeah ... please
help if you can.
We technically lose a bit of hardware documentation here. The soft reset
events do all kinds of interesting things in all kinds of different
chips -- or at least they do on the SNES. This is obviously not ideal.
But in the process of removing these portions of code, I found a few
mistakes I had made previously. It simplifies resetting the system state
a lot when not trying to have all the power() functions call the reset()
functions to share partial functionality.
In the future, the goal will be to come up with a way to add back in the
soft reset behavior via keyboard binding as with the Master System core.
What's going to have to happen is that the key binding will have to send
a "reset pulse" to every emulated chip, and those chips are going to
have to act independently to power() instead of reusing functionality.
We'll get there eventually, but there's many things of vastly greater
importance to work on right now, so it'll be a while. The information
isn't lost ... we'll just have to pull it out of v102 when we are ready.
Note that I left the SNES reset vector simulation code in, even though
it's not possible to trigger, for the time being.
Also ... the Super Game Boy core is still disconnected. To be honest, it
totally slipped my mind when I released v102 that it wasn't connected
again yet. This one's going to be pretty tricky to be honest. I'm
thinking about making a third GameBoy::Interface class just for SGB, and
coming up with some way of bypassing platform-> calls when in this
mode.
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Tim Allen
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4c3f58150c |
Update to v101r15 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- added (poorly-named) castable<To, With> template
- Z80 debugger rewritten to make declaring instructions much simpler
- Z80 has more instructions implemented; supports displacement on
(IX), (IY) now
- added `Processor::M68K::Bus` to mirror `Processor::Z80::Bus`
- it does add a pointer indirection; so I'm not sure if I want to
do this for all of my emulator cores ...
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Tim Allen
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5df717ff2a |
Update to v101r12 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- new md/bus/ module for bus reads/writes
- abstracts byte/word accesses wherever possible (everything but
RAM; forces all but I/O to word, I/O to byte)
- holds the system RAM since that's technically not part of the
CPU anyway
- added md/controller and md/system/peripherals
- added emulation of gamepads
- added stub PSG audio output (silent) to cap the framerate at 60fps
with audio sync enabled
- fixed VSRAM reads for plane vertical scrolling (two bugs here: add
instead of sub; interlave plane A/B)
- mask nametable read offsets (can't exceed 8192-byte nametables
apparently)
- emulated VRAM/VSRAM/CRAM reads from VDP data port
- fixed sprite width/height size calculations
- added partial emulation of 40-tile per scanline limitation (enough
to fix Sonic's title screen)
- fixed off-by-one sprite range testing
- fixed sprite tile indexing
- Vblank happens at Y=224 with overscan disabled
- unsure what happens when you toggle it between Y=224 and Y=240
... probably bad things
- fixed reading of address register for ADDA, CMPA, SUBA
- fixed sign extension for MOVEA effect address reads
- updated MOVEM to increment the read addresses (but not writeback)
for (aN) mode
With all of that out of the way, we finally have Sonic the Hedgehog
(fully?) playable. I played to stage 1-2 and through the special stage,
at least. EDIT: yeah, we probably need HIRQs for Labyrinth Zone.
Not much else works, of course. Most games hang waiting on the Z80, and
those that don't (like Altered Beast) are still royally screwed. Tons of
features still missing; including all of the Z80/PSG/YM2612.
A note on the perihperals this time around: the Mega Drive EXT port is
basically identical to the regular controller ports. So unlike with the
Famicom and Super Famicom, I'm inheriting the exension port from the
controller class.
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Tim Allen
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f7ddbfc462 |
Update to v101r11 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- 68K: fixed NEG/NEGX operand order
- 68K: fixed bug in disassembler that was breaking trace logging
- VDP: improved sprite rendering (still 100% broken)
- VDP: added horizontal/vertical scrolling (90% broken)
Forgot:
- 68K: fix extension word sign bit on indexed modes for disassembler
as well
- 68K: emulate STOP properly (use r.stop flag; clear on IRQs firing)
I'm really wearing out fast here. The Genesis documentation is somehow
even worse than Game Boy documentation, but this is a far more complex
system.
It's a massive time sink to sit here banging away at every possible
combination of how things could work, only to see no positive
improvements. Nothing I do seems to get sprites to do a goddamn thing.
squee says the sprite Y field is 10-bits, X field is 9-bits. genvdp says
they're both 10-bits. BlastEm treats them like they're both 10-bits,
then masks off the upper bit so it's effectively 9-bits anyway.
Nothing ever bothers to tell you whether the horizontal scroll values
are supposed to add or subtract from the current X position. Probably
the most basic detail you could imagine for explaining horizontal
scrolling and yet ... nope. Nothing.
I can't even begin to understand how the VDP FIFO functionality works,
or what the fuck is meant by "slots".
I'm completely at a loss as how how in the holy hell the 68K works with
8-bit accesses. I don't know whether I need byte/word handlers for every
device, or if I can just hook it right into the 68K core itself. This
one's probably the most major design detail. I need to know this before
I go and implement the PSG/YM2612/IO ports-\>gamepads/Z80/etc.
Trying to debug the 68K is murder because basically every game likes to
start with a 20,000,000-instruction reset phase of checksumming entire
games, and clearing out the memory as agonizingly slowly as humanly
possible. And like the ARM, there's too many registers so I'd need three
widescreen monitors to comfortably view the entire debugger output lines
onscreen.
I can't get any test ROMs to debug functionality outside of full games
because every **goddamned** test ROM coder thinks it's acceptable to tell
people to go fetch some toolchain from a link that died in the late '90s
and only works on MS-DOS 6.22 to build their fucking shit, because god
forbid you include a 32KiB assembled ROM image in your fucking archives.
... I may have to take a break for a while. We'll see.
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Tim Allen
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0b70a01b47 |
Update to v101r10 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- 68K: MOVEQ is 8-bit signed
- 68K: disassembler was print EOR for OR instructions
- 68K: address/program-counter indexed mode had the signed-word/long
bit backward
- 68K: ADDQ/SUBQ #n,aN always works in long mode; regardless of size
- 68K→VDP DMA needs to use `mode.bit(0)<<22|dmaSource`; increment by
one instead of two
- Z80: added registers and initial two instructions
- MS: hooked up enough to load and start running games
- Sonic the Hedgehog can execute exactly one instruction... whoo.
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Tim Allen
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4d2e17f9c0 |
Update to v101r09 release.
byuu says:
Sorry, two WIPs in one day. Got excited and couldn't wait.
Changelog:
- ADDQ, SUBQ shouldn't update flags when targeting an address register
- ADDA should sign extend effective address reads
- JSR was pushing the PC too early
- some improvements to 8-bit register reads on the VDP (still needs
work)
- added H/V counter reads to the VDP IO port region
- icarus: added support for importing Master System and Game Gear ROMs
- tomoko: added library sub-menus for each manufacturer
- still need to sort Game Gear after Mega Drive somehow ...
The sub-menu system actually isn't all that bad. It is indeed a bit more
annoying, but not as annoying as I thought it was going to be. However,
it looks a hell of a lot nicer now.
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Tim Allen
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043f6a8b33 |
Update to v101r08 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- 68K: fixed read-modify-write instructions
- 68K: fixed ADDX bug (using wrong target)
- 68K: fixed major bug with SUB using wrong argument ordering
- 68K: fixed sign extension when reading address registers from
effective addressing
- 68K: fixed sign extension on CMPA, SUBA instructions
- VDP: improved OAM sprite attribute table caching behavior
- VDP: improved DMA fill operation behavior
- added Master System / Game Gear stubs (needed for developing the Z80
core)
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Tim Allen
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ffd150735b |
Update to v101r07 release.
byuu says: Added VDP sprite rendering. Can't get any games far enough in to see if it actually works. So in other words, it doesn't work at all and is 100% completely broken. Also added 68K exceptions and interrupts. So far only the VDP interrupt is present. It definitely seems to be firing in commercial games, so that's promising. But the implementation is almost certainly completely wrong. There is fuck all of nothing for documentation on how interrupts actually work. I had to find out the interrupt vector numbers from reading the comments from the Sonic the Hedgehog disassembly. I have literally no fucking clue what I0-I2 (3-bit integer priority value in the status register) is supposed to do. I know that Vblank=6, Hblank=4, Ext(gamepad)=2. I know that at reset, SR.I=7. I don't know if I'm supposed to block interrupts when I is >, >=, <, <= to the interrupt level. I don't know what level CPU exceptions are supposed to be. Also implemented VDP regular DMA. No idea if it works correctly since none of the commercial games run far enough to use it. So again, it's horribly broken for usre. Also improved VDP fill mode. But I don't understand how it takes byte-lengths when the bus is 16-bit. The transfer times indicate it's actually transferring at the same speed as the 68K->VDP copy, strongly suggesting it's actually doing 16-bit transfers at a time. In which case, what happens when you set an odd transfer length? Also, both DMA modes can now target VRAM, VSRAM, CRAM. Supposedly there's all kinds of weird shit going on when you target VSRAM, CRAM with VDP fill/copy modes, but whatever. Get to that later. Also implemented a very lazy preliminary wait mechanism to to stall out a processor while another processor exerts control over the bus. This one's going to be a major work in progress. For one, it totally breaks the model I use to do save states with libco. For another, I don't know if a 68K->VDP DMA instantly locks the CPU, or if it the CPU could actually keep running if it was executing out of RAM when it started the DMA transfer from ROM (eg it's a bus busy stall, not a hard chip stall.) That'll greatly change how I handle the waiting. Also, the OSS driver now supports Audio::Latency. Sound should be even lower latency now. On FreeBSD when set to 0ms, it's absolutely incredible. Cannot detect latency whatsoever. The Mario jump sound seems to happen at the very instant I hear my cherry blue keyswitch activate. |
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Tim Allen
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ac2d0ba1cf |
Update to v101r05 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- 68K: fixed bug that affected BSR return address
- VDP: added very preliminary emulation of planes A, B, W (W is
entirely broken though)
- VDP: added command/address stuff so you can write to VRAM, CRAM,
VSRAM
- VDP: added VRAM fill DMA
I would be really surprised if any commercial games showed anything at
all, so I'd probably recommend against wasting your time trying, unless
you're really bored :P
Also, I wanted to add: I am accepting patches\! So if anyone wants to
look over the 68K core for bugs, that would save me untold amounts of
time in the near future :D
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Tim Allen
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1df2549d18 |
Update to v101r04 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- pulled the (u)intN type aliases into higan instead of leaving them
in nall
- added 68K LINEA, LINEF hooks for illegal instructions
- filled the rest of the 68K lambda table with generic instance of
ILLEGAL
- completed the 68K disassembler effective addressing modes
- still unsure whether I should use An to decode absolute
addresses or not
- pro: way easier to read where accesses are taking place
- con: requires An to be valid; so as a disassembler it does a
poor job
- making it optional: too much work; ick
- added I/O decoding for the VDP command-port registers
- added skeleton timing to all five processor cores
- output at 1280x480 (needed for mixed 256/320 widths; and to handle
interlace modes)
The VDP, PSG, Z80, YM2612 are all stepping one clock at a time and
syncing; which is the pathological worst case for libco. But they also
have no logic inside of them. With all the above, I'm averaging around
250fps with just the 68K core actually functional, and the VDP doing a
dumb "draw white pixels" loop. Still way too early to tell how this
emulator is going to perform.
Also, the 320x240 mode of the Genesis means that we don't need an aspect
correction ratio. But we do need to ensure the output window is a
multiple 320x240 so that the scale values work correctly. I was
hard-coding aspect correction to stretch the window an additional \*8/7.
But that won't work anymore so ... the main higan window is now 640x480,
960x720, or 1280x960. Toggling aspect correction only changes the video
width inside the window.
It's a bit jarring ... the window is a lot wider, more black space now
for most modes. But for now, it is what it is.
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Tim Allen
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9b8c3ff8c0 |
Update to v101r03 release.
byuu says: The 68K core now implements all 88 instructions. It ended up being 111 instructions in my core due to splitting up opcodes with the same name but different addressing modes or directions (removes conditions at the expense of more code.) Technically, I don't have exceptions actually implemented yet, and RESET/STOP don't do anything but set flags. So there's still more to go. But ... close enough for statistics time! The M68K core source code is 124,712 bytes in size. The next largest core is the ARM7 core at 70,203 bytes in size. The M68K object size is 942KiB; with the next largest being the V30MZ core at 173KiB. There are a total of 19,656 invalid opcodes in the 68000 revision (unless of course I've made mistakes in my mappings, which is very probably.) Now the fun part ... figuring out how to fix bugs in this core without VDP emulation :/ |
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Tim Allen
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0a57cac70c |
Update to v101r02 release.
byuu says:
Changelog:
- Emulator: use `(uintmax)-1 >> 1` for the units of time
- MD: implemented 13 new 68K instructions (basically all of the
remaining easy ones); 21 remain
- nall: replaced `(u)intmax_t` (64-bit) with *actual* `(u)intmax` type
(128-bit where available)
- this extends to everything: atoi, string, etc. You can even
print 128-bit variables if you like
22,552 opcodes still don't exist in the 68K map. Looking like quite a
few entries will be blank once I finish.
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Tim Allen
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8bdf8f2a55 |
Update to v101r01 release.
byuu says: Changelog: - added eight more 68K instructions - split ADD(direction) into two separate ADD functions I now have 54 out of 88 instructions implemented (thus, 34 remaining.) The map is missing 25,182 entries out of 65,536. Down from 32,680 for v101.00 Aside: this version number feels really silly. r10 and r11 surely will as well ... |
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Tim Allen
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c50723ef61 |
Update to v100r15 release.
byuu wrote: Aforementioned scheduler changes added. Longer explanation of why here: http://hastebin.com/raw/toxedenece Again, we really need to test this as thoroughly as possible for regressions :/ This is a really major change that affects absolutely everything: all emulation cores, all coprocessors, etc. Also added ADDX and SUB to the 68K core, which brings us just barely above 50% of the instruction encoding space completed. [Editor's note: The "aformentioned scheduler changes" were described in a previous forum post: Unfortunately, 64-bits just wasn't enough precision (we were getting misalignments ~230 times a second on 21/24MHz clocks), so I had to move to 128-bit counters. This of course doesn't exist on 32-bit architectures (and probably not on all 64-bit ones either), so for now ... higan's only going to compile on 64-bit machines until we figure something out. Maybe we offer a "lower precision" fallback for machines that lack uint128_t or something. Using the booth algorithm would be way too slow. Anyway, the precision is now 2^-96, which is roughly 10^-29. That puts us far beyond the yoctosecond. Suck it, MAME :P I'm jokingly referring to it as the byuusecond. The other 32-bits of precision allows a 1Hz clock to run up to one full second before all clocks need to be normalized to prevent overflow. I fixed a serious wobbling issue where I was using clock > other.clock for synchronization instead of clock >= other.clock; and also another aliasing issue when two threads share a common frequency, but don't run in lock-step. The latter I don't even fully understand, but I did observe it in testing. nall/serialization.hpp has been extended to support 128-bit integers, but without explicitly naming them (yay generic code), so nall will still compile on 32-bit platforms for all other applications. Speed is basically a wash now. FC's a bit slower, SFC's a bit faster. The "longer explanation" in the linked hastebin is: Okay, so the idea is that we can have an arbitrary number of oscillators. Take the SNES: - CPU/PPU clock = 21477272.727272hz - SMP/DSP clock = 24576000hz - Cartridge DSP1 clock = 8000000hz - Cartridge MSU1 clock = 44100hz - Controller Port 1 modem controller clock = 57600hz - Controller Port 2 barcode battler clock = 115200hz - Expansion Port exercise bike clock = 192000hz Is this a pathological case? Of course it is, but it's possible. The first four do exist in the wild already: see Rockman X2 MSU1 patch. Manifest files with higan let you specify any frequency you want for any component. The old trick higan used was to hold an int64 counter for each thread:thread synchronization, and adjust it like so: - if thread A steps X clocks; then clock += X * threadB.frequency - if clock >= 0; switch to threadB - if thread B steps X clocks; then clock -= X * threadA.frequency - if clock < 0; switch to threadA But there are also system configurations where one processor has to synchronize with more than one other processor. Take the Genesis: - the 68K has to sync with the Z80 and PSG and YM2612 and VDP - the Z80 has to sync with the 68K and PSG and YM2612 - the PSG has to sync with the 68K and Z80 and YM2612 Now I could do this by having an int64 clock value for every association. But these clock values would have to be outside the individual Thread class objects, and we would have to update every relationship's clock value. So the 68K would have to update the Z80, PSG, YM2612 and VDP clocks. That's four expensive 64-bit multiply-adds per clock step event instead of one. As such, we have to account for both possibilities. The only way to do this is with a single time base. We do this like so: - setup: scalar = timeBase / frequency - step: clock += scalar * clocks Once per second, we look at every thread, find the smallest clock value. Then subtract that value from all threads. This prevents the clock counters from overflowing. Unfortunately, these oscillator values are psychotic, unpredictable, and often times repeating fractions. Even with a timeBase of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (one attosecond); we get rounding errors every ~16,300 synchronizations. Specifically, this happens with a CPU running at 21477273hz (rounded) and SMP running at 24576000hz. That may be good enough for most emulators, but ... you know how I am. Plus, even at the attosecond level, we're really pushing against the limits of 64-bit integers. Given the reciprocal inverse, a frequency of 1Hz (which does exist in higan!) would have a scalar that consumes 1/18th of the entire range of a uint64 on every single step. Yes, I could raise the frequency, and then step by that amount, I know. But I don't want to have weird gotchas like that in the scheduler core. Until I increase the accuracy to about 100 times greater than a yoctosecond, the rounding errors are too great. And since the only choice above 64-bit values is 128-bit values; we might as well use all the extra headroom. 2^-96 as a timebase gives me the ability to have both a 1Hz and 4GHz clock; and run them both for a full second; before an overflow event would occur. Another hastebin includes demonstration code: #include <libco/libco.h> #include <nall/nall.hpp> using namespace nall; // cothread_t mainThread = nullptr; const uint iterations = 100'000'000; const uint cpuFreq = 21477272.727272 + 0.5; const uint smpFreq = 24576000.000000 + 0.5; const uint cpuStep = 4; const uint smpStep = 5; // struct ThreadA { cothread_t handle = nullptr; uint64 frequency = 0; int64 clock = 0; auto create(auto (*entrypoint)() -> void, uint frequency) { this->handle = co_create(65536, entrypoint); this->frequency = frequency; this->clock = 0; } }; struct CPUA : ThreadA { static auto Enter() -> void; auto main() -> void; CPUA() { create(&CPUA::Enter, cpuFreq); } } cpuA; struct SMPA : ThreadA { static auto Enter() -> void; auto main() -> void; SMPA() { create(&SMPA::Enter, smpFreq); } } smpA; uint8 queueA[iterations]; uint offsetA; cothread_t resumeA = cpuA.handle; auto EnterA() -> void { offsetA = 0; co_switch(resumeA); } auto QueueA(uint value) -> void { queueA[offsetA++] = value; if(offsetA >= iterations) { resumeA = co_active(); co_switch(mainThread); } } auto CPUA::Enter() -> void { while(true) cpuA.main(); } auto CPUA::main() -> void { QueueA(1); smpA.clock -= cpuStep * smpA.frequency; if(smpA.clock < 0) co_switch(smpA.handle); } auto SMPA::Enter() -> void { while(true) smpA.main(); } auto SMPA::main() -> void { QueueA(2); smpA.clock += smpStep * cpuA.frequency; if(smpA.clock >= 0) co_switch(cpuA.handle); } // struct ThreadB { cothread_t handle = nullptr; uint128_t scalar = 0; uint128_t clock = 0; auto print128(uint128_t value) { string s; while(value) { s.append((char)('0' + value % 10)); value /= 10; } s.reverse(); print(s, "\n"); } //femtosecond (10^15) = 16306 //attosecond (10^18) = 688838 //zeptosecond (10^21) = 13712691 //yoctosecond (10^24) = 13712691 (hitting a dead-end on a rounding error causing a wobble) //byuusecond? ( 2^96) = (perfect? 79,228 times more precise than a yoctosecond) auto create(auto (*entrypoint)() -> void, uint128_t frequency) { this->handle = co_create(65536, entrypoint); uint128_t unitOfTime = 1; //for(uint n : range(29)) unitOfTime *= 10; unitOfTime <<= 96; //2^96 time units ... this->scalar = unitOfTime / frequency; print128(this->scalar); this->clock = 0; } auto step(uint128_t clocks) -> void { clock += clocks * scalar; } auto synchronize(ThreadB& thread) -> void { if(clock >= thread.clock) co_switch(thread.handle); } }; struct CPUB : ThreadB { static auto Enter() -> void; auto main() -> void; CPUB() { create(&CPUB::Enter, cpuFreq); } } cpuB; struct SMPB : ThreadB { static auto Enter() -> void; auto main() -> void; SMPB() { create(&SMPB::Enter, smpFreq); clock = 1; } } smpB; auto correct() -> void { auto minimum = min(cpuB.clock, smpB.clock); cpuB.clock -= minimum; smpB.clock -= minimum; } uint8 queueB[iterations]; uint offsetB; cothread_t resumeB = cpuB.handle; auto EnterB() -> void { correct(); offsetB = 0; co_switch(resumeB); } auto QueueB(uint value) -> void { queueB[offsetB++] = value; if(offsetB >= iterations) { resumeB = co_active(); co_switch(mainThread); } } auto CPUB::Enter() -> void { while(true) cpuB.main(); } auto CPUB::main() -> void { QueueB(1); step(cpuStep); synchronize(smpB); } auto SMPB::Enter() -> void { while(true) smpB.main(); } auto SMPB::main() -> void { QueueB(2); step(smpStep); synchronize(cpuB); } // #include <nall/main.hpp> auto nall::main(string_vector) -> void { mainThread = co_active(); uint masterCounter = 0; while(true) { print(masterCounter++, " ...\n"); auto A = clock(); EnterA(); auto B = clock(); print((double)(B - A) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC, "s\n"); auto C = clock(); EnterB(); auto D = clock(); print((double)(D - C) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC, "s\n"); for(uint n : range(iterations)) { if(queueA[n] != queueB[n]) return print("fail at ", n, "\n"); } } } ...and that's everything.] |
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Tim Allen
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306cac2b54 |
Update to v100r13 release.
byuu says: Changelog: M68K improvements, new instructions added. |
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Tim Allen
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f230d144b5 |
Update to v100r12 release.
byuu says: All of the above fixes, plus I added all 24 variations on the shift opcodes, plus SUBQ, plus fixes to the BCC instruction. I can now run 851,767 instructions into Sonic the Hedgehog before hitting an unimplemented instruction (SUB). The 68K core is probably only ~35% complete, and yet it's already within 4KiB of being the largest CPU core, code size wise, in all of higan. Fuck this chip. |
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Tim Allen
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7ccfbe0206 |
Update to v100r11 release.
byuu says: I split the Register class and read/write handlers into DataRegister and AddressRegister, given that they have different behaviors on byte/word accesses (data tends to preserve the upper bits; address tends to sign-extend things.) I expanded EA to EffectiveAddress. No sense in abbreviating things to death. I've now implemented 26 instructions. But the new ones are just all the stupid from/to ccr/sr instructions. Ryphecha confirmed that you can't set the undefined bits, so I don't think the BitField concept is appropriate for the CCR/SR. Instead, I'm just storing direct flags and have (read,write)(CCR,SR) instead. This isn't like the 65816 where you have subroutines that push and pop the flag register. It's much more common to access individual flags. Doesn't match the consistency angle of the other CPU cores, but ... I think this is the right thing to for the 68K specifically. |
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Tim Allen
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4b897ba791 |
Update to v100r10 release.
byuu says: Redesigned the handling of reading/writing registers to be about eight times faster than the old system. More work may be needed ... it seems data registers tend to preserve their upper bits upon assignment; whereas address registers tend to sign-extend values into them. It may make sense to have DataRegister and AddressRegister classes with separate read/write handlers. I'd have to hold two Register objects inside the EffectiveAddress (EA) class if we do that. Implemented 19 opcodes now (out of somewhere between 60 and 90.) That gets the first ~530,000 instructions in Sonic the Hedgehog running (though probably wrong. But we can run a lot thanks to large initialization loops.) If I force the core to loop back to the reset vector on an invalid opcode, I'm getting about 1500fps with a dumb 320x240 blit 60 times a second and just the 68K running alone (no Z80, PSG, VDP, YM2612.) I don't know if that's good or not. I guess we'll find out. I had to stop tonight because the final opcode I execute is an RTS (return from subroutine) that's branching back to address 0; which is invalid ... meaning something went terribly wrong and the system crashed. |
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Tim Allen
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be3f6ac0d5 |
Update to v100r09 release.
byuu says:
Another six hours in ...
I have all of the opcodes, memory access functions, disassembler mnemonics
and table building converted over to the new template<uint Size> format.
Certainly, it would be quite easy for this nightmare chip to throw me
another curveball, but so far I can handle:
- MOVE (EA to, EA from) case
- read(from) has to update register index for +/-(aN) mode
- MOVEM (EA from) case
- when using +/-(aN), RA can't actually be updated until the transfer
is completed
- LEA (EA from) case
- doesn't actually perform the final read; just returns the address
to be read from
- ANDI (EA from-and-to) case
- same EA has to be read from and written to
- for -(aN), the read has to come from aN-2, but can't update aN yet;
so that the write also goes to aN-2
- no opcode can ever fetch the extension words more than once
- manually control the order of extension word fetching order for proper
opcode decoding
To do all of that without a whole lot of duplicated code (or really
bloating out every single instruction with red tape), I had to bring
back the "bool valid / uint32 address" variables inside the EA struct =(
If weird exceptions creep in like timing constraints only on certain
opcodes, I can use template flags to the EA read/write functions to
handle that.
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Tim Allen
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92fe5b0813 |
Update to v100r08 release.
byuu says:
Six and a half hours this time ... one new opcode, and all old opcodes
now in a deprecated format. Hooray, progress!
For building the table, I've decided to move from:
for(uint opcode : range(65536)) {
if(match(...)) bind(opNAME, ...);
}
To instead having separate for loops for each supported opcode. This
lets me specialize parts I want with templates.
And to this aim, I'm moving to replace all of the
(read,write)(size, ...) functions with (read,write)<Size>(...) functions.
This will amount to the ~70ish instructions being triplicated ot ~210ish
instructions; but I think this is really important.
When I was getting into flag calculations, a ton of conditionals
were needed to mask sizes to byte/word/long. There was also lots of
conditionals in all the memory access handlers.
The template code is ugly, but we eliminate a huge amount of branch
conditions this way.
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Tim Allen
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059347e575 |
Update to v100r07 release.
byuu says: Four and a half hours of work and ... zero new opcodes implemented. This was the best job I could do refining the effective address computations. Should have all twelve 68000 modes implemented now. Still have a billion questions about when and how I'm supposed to perform certain edge case operations, though. |
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Tim Allen
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0d6a09f9f8 |
Update to v100r06 release.
byuu says: Up to ten 68K instructions out of somewhere between 61 and 88, depending upon which PDF you look at. Of course, some of them aren't 100% completed yet, either. Lots of craziness with MOVEM, and BCC has a BSR variant that needs stack push/pop functions. This WIP actually took over eight hours to make, going through every possible permutation on how to design the core itself. The updated design now builds both the instruction decoder+dispatcher and the disassembler decoder into the same main loop during M68K's constructor. The special cases are also really psychotic on this processor, and I'm afraid of missing something via the fallthrough cases. So instead, I'm ordering the instructions alphabetically, and including exclusion cases to ignore binding invalid cases. If I end up remapping an existing register, then it'll throw a run-time assertion at program startup. I wanted very much to get rid of struct EA (EffectiveAddress), but it's too difficult to keep track of the internal effective address without it. So I split out the size to a separate parameter, since every opcode only has one size parameter, and otherwise it was getting duplicated in opcodes that take two EAs, and was also awkward with the flag testing. It's a bit more typing, but I feel it's more clean this way. Overall, I'm really worried this is going to be too slow. I don't want to turn the EA stuff into templates, because that will massively bloat out compilation times and object sizes, and will also need a special DSL preprocessor since C++ doesn't have a static for loop. I can definitely optimize a lot of EA's address/read/write functions away once the core is completed, but it's never going to hold a candle to a templatized 68K core. ---- Forgot to include the SA-1 regression fix. I always remember immediately after I upload and archive the WIP. Will try to get that in next time, I guess. |
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Tim Allen
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b72f35a13e |
Update to v100r05 release.
byuu says: Alright, I'm definitely going to need to find some people willing to tolerate my questions on this chip, so I'm going to go ahead and announce I'm working on this I guess. This core is way too big for a surprise like the NES and WS cores were. It'll probably even span multiple v10x releases before it's even ready. |
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Tim Allen
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1c0ef793fe |
Update to v100r04 release.
byuu says: I now have enough of three instructions implemented to get through the first four instructions in Sonic the Hedgehog. But they're far from complete. The very first instruction uses EA addressing, which is similar to x86's ModRM in terms of how disgustingly complex it is. And it also accesses Z80 control registers, which obviously isn't going to do anything yet. The slow speed was me being stupid again. It's not 7.6MHz per frame, it's 7.67MHz per second. So yeah, speed is so far acceptable again. But we'll see how things go as I keep emulating more. The 68K decode is not pretty at all. |
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Tim Allen
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76a8ecd32a |
Update to v100r03 release.
byuu says: Changelog: - moved Thread, Scheduler, Cheat functionality into emulator/ for all cores - start of actual Mega Drive emulation (two 68K instructions) I'm going to be rather terse on MD emulation, as it's too early for any meaningful dialogue here. |
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Tim Allen
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3dd1aa9c1b |
Update to v100r02 release.
byuu says: Sigh ... I'm really not a good person. I'm inherently selfish. My responsibility and obligation right now is to work on loki, and then on the Tengai Makyou Zero translation, and then on improving the Famicom emulation. And yet ... it's not what I really want to do. That shouldn't matter; I should work on my responsibilities first. Instead, I'm going to be a greedy, self-centered asshole, and work on what I really want to instead. I'm really sorry, guys. I'm sure this will make a few people happy, and probably upset even more people. I'm also making zero guarantees that this ever gets finished. As always, I wish I could keep these things secret, so if I fail / give up, I could just drop it with no shame. But I would have to cut everyone out of the WIP process completely to make it happen. So, here goes ... This WIP adds the initial skeleton for Sega Mega Drive / Genesis emulation. God help us. (minor note: apparently the new extension for Mega Drive games is .md, neat. That's what I chose for the folders too. I thought it was .smd, so that'll be fixed in icarus for the next WIP.) (aside: this is why I wanted to get v100 out. I didn't want this code in a skeleton state in v100's source. Nor did I want really broken emulation, which the first release is sure to be, tarring said release.) ... So, basically, I've been ruminating on the legacy I want to leave behind with higan. 3D systems are just plain out. I'm never going to support them. They're too complex for my abilities, and they would run too slowly with my design style. I'm not willing to compromise my design ideals. And I would never want to play a 3D game system at native 240p/480i resolution ... but 1080p+ upscaling is not accurate, so that's a conflict I want to avoid entirely. It's also never going to emulate computer systems (X68K, PC-98, FM-Towns, etc) because holy shit that would completely destroy me. It's also never going emulate arcade machines. So I think of higan as a collection of 2D emulators for consoles and handhelds. I've gone over every major 2D gaming system there is, looking for ones with games I actually care about and enjoy. And I basically have five of those systems supported already. Looking at the remaining list, I see only three systems left that I have any interest in whatsoever: PC-Engine, Master System, Mega Drive. Again, I'm not in any way committing to emulating any of these, but ... if I had all of those in higan, I think I'd be content to really, truly, finally stop writing more emulators for the rest of my life. And so I decided to tackle the most difficult system first. If I'm successful, the Z80 core should cover a lot of the work on the SMS. And the HuC6280 should land somewhere between the NES and SNES in terms of difficulty ... closer to the NES. The systems that just don't appeal to me at all, which I will never touch, include, but are not limited to: * Atari 2600/5200/7800 * Lynx * Jaguar * Vectrex * Colecovision * Commodore 64 * Neo-Geo * Neo-Geo Pocket / Color * Virtual Boy * Super A'can * 32X * CD-i * etc, etc, etc. And really, even if something were mildly interesting in there ... we have to stop. I can't scale infinitely. I'm already way past my limit, but I'm doing this anyway. Too many cores bloats everything and kills quality on everything. I don't want higan to become MESS v2. I don't know what I'll do about the Famicom Disk System, PC-Engine CD, and Mega CD. I don't think I'll be able to achieve 60fps emulating the Mega CD, even if I tried to. I don't know what's going to happen here with even the Mega Drive. Maybe I'll get driven crazy with the documentation and quit. Maybe it'll end up being too complicated and I'll quit. Maybe the emulation will end up way too slow and I'll give up. Maybe it'll take me seven years to get any games playable at all. Maybe Steve Snake, AamirM and Mike Pavone will pool money to hire a hitman to come after me. Who knows. But this is what I want to do, so ... here goes nothing. |