stella/src/emucore/CartDPCPlus.cxx

//============================================================================
//
//   SSSS    tt          lll  lll       
//  SS  SS   tt           ll   ll        
//  SS     tttttt  eeee   ll   ll   aaaa 
//   SSSS    tt   ee  ee  ll   ll      aa
//      SS   tt   eeeeee  ll   ll   aaaaa  --  "An Atari 2600 VCS Emulator"
//  SS  SS   tt   ee      ll   ll  aa  aa
//   SSSS     ttt  eeeee llll llll  aaaaa
//
// Copyright (c) 1995-2010 by Bradford W. Mott and the Stella Team
//
// See the file "License.txt" for information on usage and redistribution of
// this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
//
// $Id$
//============================================================================

#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>

#include "System.hxx"
#include "CartDPCPlus.hxx"

// TODO - properly handle read from write port functionality
//        Note: do r/w port restrictions even exist for this scheme??
//        Port to new CartDebug/disassembler scheme
//        Add bankchanged code

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CartridgeDPCPlus::CartridgeDPCPlus(const uInt8* image, uInt32 size)
{
  // Make a copy of the entire image as-is, for use by getImage()
  // (this wastes 28K of RAM, should be controlled by a #ifdef)
  memcpy(myImageCopy, image, size);

  // Copy the program ROM image into my buffer
  memcpy(myProgramImage, image, 4096 * 6);

  // Copy the display ROM image into my buffer
  memcpy(myDisplayImage, image + 4096 * 6, 4096);

  // Initialize the DPC data fetcher registers
  for(uInt16 i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
    myTops[i] = myBottoms[i] = myCounters[i] = myFlags[i] = 0;

  // None of the data fetchers are in music mode
  myMusicMode[0] = myMusicMode[1] = myMusicMode[2] = false;

  // Initialize the DPC's random number generator register (must be non-zero)
  myRandomNumber = 1;

  // Initialize the system cycles counter & fractional clock values
  mySystemCycles = 0;
  myFractionalClocks = 0.0;

  // Remember startup bank
  myStartBank = 1;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CartridgeDPCPlus::~CartridgeDPCPlus()
{
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDPCPlus::reset()
{
  // Update cycles to the current system cycles
  mySystemCycles = mySystem->cycles();
  myFractionalClocks = 0.0;

  // Upon reset we switch to the startup bank
  bank(myStartBank);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDPCPlus::systemCyclesReset()
{
  // Get the current system cycle
  uInt32 cycles = mySystem->cycles();

  // Adjust the cycle counter so that it reflects the new value
  mySystemCycles -= cycles;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDPCPlus::install(System& system)
{
  mySystem = &system;
  uInt16 shift = mySystem->pageShift();
  uInt16 mask = mySystem->pageMask();

  // Make sure the system we're being installed in has a page size that'll work
  assert(((0x1080 & mask) == 0) && ((0x1100 & mask) == 0));

  // Set the page accessing methods for the hot spots
  System::PageAccess access;
  for(uInt32 i = (0x1FF6 & ~mask); i < 0x2000; i += (1 << shift))
  {
    access.directPeekBase = 0;
    access.directPokeBase = 0;
    access.device = this;
    mySystem->setPageAccess(i >> shift, access);
  }

  // Set the page accessing method for the DPC reading & writing pages
  for(uInt32 j = 0x1000; j < 0x1080; j += (1 << shift))
  {
    access.directPeekBase = 0;
    access.directPokeBase = 0;
    access.device = this;
    mySystem->setPageAccess(j >> shift, access);
  }

  // Install pages for bank 5
  bank(5);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
inline void CartridgeDPCPlus::clockRandomNumberGenerator()
{
  // Table for computing the input bit of the random number generator's
  // shift register (it's the NOT of the EOR of four bits)
  static const uInt8 f[16] = {
    1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
  };

  // Using bits 7, 5, 4, & 3 of the shift register compute the input
  // bit for the shift register
  uInt8 bit = f[((myRandomNumber >> 3) & 0x07) | 
      ((myRandomNumber & 0x80) ? 0x08 : 0x00)];

  // Update the shift register 
  myRandomNumber = (myRandomNumber << 1) | bit;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
inline void CartridgeDPCPlus::updateMusicModeDataFetchers()
{
  // Calculate the number of cycles since the last update
  Int32 cycles = mySystem->cycles() - mySystemCycles;
  mySystemCycles = mySystem->cycles();

  // Calculate the number of DPC OSC clocks since the last update
  double clocks = ((20000.0 * cycles) / 1193191.66666667) + myFractionalClocks;
  Int32 wholeClocks = (Int32)clocks;
  myFractionalClocks = clocks - (double)wholeClocks;

  if(wholeClocks <= 0)
  {
    return;
  }

  // Let's update counters and flags of the music mode data fetchers
  for(int x = 5; x <= 7; ++x)
  {
    // Update only if the data fetcher is in music mode
    if(myMusicMode[x - 5])
    {
      Int32 top = myTops[x] + 1;
      Int32 newLow = (Int32)(myCounters[x] & 0x00ff);

      if(myTops[x] != 0)
      {
        newLow -= (wholeClocks % top);
        if(newLow < 0)
        {
          newLow += top;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        newLow = 0;
      }

      // Update flag register for this data fetcher
      if(newLow <= myBottoms[x])
      {
        myFlags[x] = 0x00;
      }
      else if(newLow <= myTops[x])
      {
        myFlags[x] = 0xff;
      }

      myCounters[x] = (myCounters[x] & 0x0F00) | (uInt16)newLow;
    }
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
uInt8 CartridgeDPCPlus::peek(uInt16 address)
{
  address &= 0x0FFF;

  // Clock the random number generator.  This should be done for every
  // cartridge access, however, we're only doing it for the DPC and 
  // hot-spot accesses to save time.
  clockRandomNumberGenerator();

  if(address < 0x0040)
  {
    uInt8 result = 0;

    // Get the index of the data fetcher that's being accessed
    uInt32 index = address & 0x07;
    uInt32 function = (address >> 3) & 0x07;

    // Update flag register for selected data fetcher
    if((myCounters[index] & 0x00ff) == myTops[index])
    {
      myFlags[index] = 0xff;
    }
    else if((myCounters[index] & 0x00ff) == myBottoms[index])
    {
      myFlags[index] = 0x00;
    }

    switch(function)
    {
      case 0x00:
      {
        // Is this a random number read
        if(index < 4)
        {
          result = myRandomNumber;
        }
        // No, it's a music read
        else
        {
          static const uInt8 musicAmplitudes[8] = {
              0x00, 0x04, 0x05, 0x09, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0f
          };

          // Update the music data fetchers (counter & flag)
          updateMusicModeDataFetchers();

          uInt8 i = 0;
          if(myMusicMode[0] && myFlags[5])
          {
            i |= 0x01;
          }
          if(myMusicMode[1] && myFlags[6])
          {
            i |= 0x02;
          }
          if(myMusicMode[2] && myFlags[7])
          {
            i |= 0x04;
          }

          result = musicAmplitudes[i];
        }
        break;
      }

      // DFx display data read
      case 0x01:
      {
        result = myDisplayImage[ /* 4095 - */ myCounters[index]];
        break;
      }

      // DFx display data read AND'd w/flag
      case 0x02:
      {
        result = myDisplayImage[ /* 4095 - */ myCounters[index]] & myFlags[index];
        break;
      } 

      // DFx flag
      case 0x07:
      {
        result = myFlags[index];
        break;
      }

      default:
      {
        result = 0;
      }
    }

    // Clock the selected data fetcher's counter if needed
    if((index < 5) || ((index >= 5) && (!myMusicMode[index - 5])))
    {
      myCounters[index] = (myCounters[index] /*-*/ + 1) & 0x0fff;
    }

    return result;
  }
  else
  {
    // Switch banks if necessary
    switch(address)
    {
      case 0x0FF6:
        // Set the current bank to the first 4k bank
        bank(0);
        break;
      case 0x0FF7:
        // Set the current bank to the second 4k bank
        bank(1);
        break;
      case 0x0FF8:
        // Set the current bank to the third 4k bank
        bank(2);
        break;
      case 0x0FF9:
        // Set the current bank to the fourth 4k bank
        bank(3);
        break;
      case 0x0FFA:
        // Set the current bank to the fifth 4k bank
        bank(4);
        break;
      case 0x0FFB:
        // Set the current bank to the last 4k bank
        bank(5);
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
    return myProgramImage[myCurrentBank * 4096 + address];
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDPCPlus::poke(uInt16 address, uInt8 value)
{
  address &= 0x0FFF;

  // Clock the random number generator.  This should be done for every
  // cartridge access, however, we're only doing it for the DPC and 
  // hot-spot accesses to save time.
  clockRandomNumberGenerator();

  if((address >= 0x0040) && (address < 0x0080))
  {
    // Get the index of the data fetcher that's being accessed
    uInt32 index = address & 0x07;    
    uInt32 function = (address >> 3) & 0x07;

    switch(function)
    {
      // DFx top count
      case 0x00:
      {
        myTops[index] = value;
        myFlags[index] = 0x00;
        break;
      }

      // DFx bottom count
      case 0x01:
      {
        myBottoms[index] = value;
        break;
      }

      // DFx counter low
      case 0x02:
      {
        if((index >= 5) && myMusicMode[index - 5])
        {
          // Data fecther is in music mode so its low counter value
          // should be loaded from the top register not the poked value
          myCounters[index] = (myCounters[index] & 0x0F00) |
              (uInt16)myTops[index];
        }
        else
        {
          // Data fecther is either not a music mode data fecther or it
          // isn't in music mode so it's low counter value should be loaded
          // with the poked value
          myCounters[index] = (myCounters[index] & 0x0F00) | (uInt16)value;
        }
        break;
      }

      // DFx counter high
      case 0x03:
      {
        myCounters[index] = (((uInt16)value & 0x0F) << 8) |
            (myCounters[index] & 0x00ff);

        // Execute special code for music mode data fetchers
        if(index >= 5)
        {
          myMusicMode[index - 5] = (value & 0x10);

          // NOTE: We are not handling the clock source input for
          // the music mode data fetchers.  We're going to assume
          // they always use the OSC input.
        }
        break;
      }

      // Random Number Generator Reset
      case 0x06:
      {
        myRandomNumber = 1;
        break;
      }

      default:
      {
        break;
      }
    } 
  }
  else
  {
    // Switch banks if necessary
    switch(address)
    {
      case 0x0FF6:
        // Set the current bank to the first 4k bank
        bank(0);
        break;
      case 0x0FF7:
        // Set the current bank to the second 4k bank
        bank(1);
        break;
      case 0x0FF8:
        // Set the current bank to the third 4k bank
        bank(2);
        break;
      case 0x0FF9:
        // Set the current bank to the fourth 4k bank
        bank(3);
        break;
      case 0x0FFA:
        // Set the current bank to the fifth 4k bank
        bank(4);
        break;
      case 0x0FFB:
        // Set the current bank to the last 4k bank
        bank(5);
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDPCPlus::bank(uInt16 bank)
{ 
  if(bankLocked()) return;

  // Remember what bank we're in
  myCurrentBank = bank;
  uInt16 offset = myCurrentBank * 4096;
  uInt16 shift = mySystem->pageShift();
  uInt16 mask = mySystem->pageMask();

  // Setup the page access methods for the current bank
  System::PageAccess access;
  access.device = this;
  access.directPokeBase = 0;

  // Map Program ROM image into the system
  for(uInt32 address = 0x1080; address < (0x1FF8U & ~mask);
      address += (1 << shift))
  {
    access.directPeekBase = &myProgramImage[offset + (address & 0x0FFF)];
    mySystem->setPageAccess(address >> shift, access);
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
int CartridgeDPCPlus::bank()
{
  return myCurrentBank;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
int CartridgeDPCPlus::bankCount()
{
  // TODO - add support for debugger (support the display ROM somehow)
  return 6;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDPCPlus::patch(uInt16 address, uInt8 value)
{
  // TODO - check if this actually works
  myProgramImage[(myCurrentBank << 12) + (address & 0x0FFF)] = value;
  return true;
} 

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
uInt8* CartridgeDPCPlus::getImage(int& size)
{
  size = 4096 * 6 + 4096 + 255;

  int i;
  for(i = 0; i < 4096 * 6; i++)
    myImageCopy[i] = myProgramImage[i];

  for(i = 0; i < 4096; i++)
    myImageCopy[i + 4096 * 6] = myDisplayImage[i];

  return myImageCopy;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDPCPlus::save(Serializer& out) const
{
  const string& cart = name();

  try
  {
    uInt32 i;

    out.putString(cart);

    // Indicates which bank is currently active
    out.putInt(myCurrentBank);

    // The top registers for the data fetchers
    out.putInt(8);
    for(i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
      out.putByte((char)myTops[i]);

    // The bottom registers for the data fetchers
    out.putInt(8);
    for(i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
      out.putByte((char)myBottoms[i]);

    // The counter registers for the data fetchers
    out.putInt(8);
    for(i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
      out.putInt(myCounters[i]);

    // The flag registers for the data fetchers
    out.putInt(8);
    for(i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
      out.putByte((char)myFlags[i]);

    // The music mode flags for the data fetchers
    out.putInt(3);
    for(i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
      out.putBool(myMusicMode[i]);

    // The random number generator register
    out.putByte((char)myRandomNumber);

    out.putInt(mySystemCycles);
    out.putInt((uInt32)(myFractionalClocks * 100000000.0));
  }
  catch(const char* msg)
  {
    cerr << "ERROR: CartridgeDPCPlus::save" << endl << "  " << msg << endl;
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDPCPlus::load(Serializer& in)
{
  const string& cart = name();

  try
  {
    if(in.getString() != cart)
      return false;

    uInt32 i, limit;

    // Indicates which bank is currently active
    myCurrentBank = (uInt16) in.getInt();

    // The top registers for the data fetchers
    limit = (uInt32) in.getInt();
    for(i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
      myTops[i] = (uInt8) in.getByte();

    // The bottom registers for the data fetchers
    limit = (uInt32) in.getInt();
    for(i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
      myBottoms[i] = (uInt8) in.getByte();

    // The counter registers for the data fetchers
    limit = (uInt32) in.getInt();
    for(i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
      myCounters[i] = (uInt16) in.getInt();

    // The flag registers for the data fetchers
    limit = (uInt32) in.getInt();
    for(i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
      myFlags[i] = (uInt8) in.getByte();

    // The music mode flags for the data fetchers
    limit = (uInt32) in.getInt();
    for(i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
      myMusicMode[i] = in.getBool();

    // The random number generator register
    myRandomNumber = (uInt8) in.getByte();

    // Get system cycles and fractional clocks
    mySystemCycles = in.getInt();
    myFractionalClocks = (double)in.getInt() / 100000000.0;
  }
  catch(const char* msg)
  {
    cerr << "ERROR: CartridgeDPCPlus::load" << endl << "  " << msg << endl;
    return false;
  }

  // Now, go to the current bank
  bank(myCurrentBank);

  return true;
}