Starting compiler work. Adding pass TODOs.

src/alloy/arena.cc

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ void* Arena::Alloc(size_t size) {
     if (active_chunk_->capacity - active_chunk_->offset < size) {
       Chunk* next = active_chunk_->next;
       if (!next) {
-        XEASSERT(size < size); // need to support larger chunks
+        XEASSERT(size < chunk_size_); // need to support larger chunks
         next = new Chunk(chunk_size_);
         active_chunk_->next = next;
       }

src/alloy/compiler/compiler.cc

@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ int Compiler::Compile(FunctionBuilder* builder) {
   //                 stop changing things, etc.
   for (PassList::iterator it = passes_.begin(); it != passes_.end(); ++it) {
     Pass* pass = *it;
-    //
+    if (pass->Run(builder)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
   }
 
   return 0;

src/alloy/compiler/pass.h

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
 #include <alloy/core.h>
 
+#include <alloy/hir/function_builder.h>
+
 
 namespace alloy {
 namespace compiler {
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ class Pass {
 public:
   Pass();
   virtual ~Pass();
+
+  virtual int Run(hir::FunctionBuilder* builder) = 0;
 };
 
 

src/alloy/compiler/passes.h

@@ -10,6 +10,196 @@
 #ifndef ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_H_
 #define ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_H_
 
-#include <alloy/compiler/passes/mem2reg_pass.h>
+//#include <alloy/compiler/passes/constant_propagation_pass.h>
+//#include <alloy/compiler/passes/context_promotion_pass.h>
+//#include <alloy/compiler/passes/dead_code_elimination_pass.h>
+//#include <alloy/compiler/passes/dead_store_elimination_pass.h>
+#include <alloy/compiler/passes/simplification_pass.h>
+
+// TODO:
+//   - mark_use/mark_set
+//     For now: mark_all_changed on all calls
+//     For external functions:
+//       - load_context/mark_use on all arguments
+//       - mark_set on return argument?
+//     For internal functions:
+//       - if liveness analysis already done, use that
+//       - otherwise, assume everything dirty (ACK!)
+//       - could use scanner to insert mark_use
+//
+//   Maybe:
+//   - v0.xx = load_constant <c>
+//   - v0.xx = load_zero
+//   Would prevent NULL defs on values, and make constant de-duping possible.
+//   Not sure if it's worth it, though, as the extra register allocation
+//   pressure due to de-duped constants seems like it would slow things down
+//   a lot.
+//
+//   - CFG:
+//     Blocks need predecessors()/successor()
+//     phi Instr reference
+//
+//   - block liveness tracking (in/out)
+//     Block gets:
+//       AddIncomingValue(Value* value, Block* src_block) ??
+
+
+// Potentially interesting passes:
+//
+// Run order:
+//   ContextPromotion
+//   ConstantPropagation
+//   TypePropagation
+//   ByteSwapElimination
+//   Simplification
+//   DeadStoreElimination
+//   DeadCodeElimination
+//
+// - ContextPromotion
+//   Like mem2reg, but because context memory is unaliasable it's easier to
+//   check and convert LoadContext/StoreContext into value operations.
+//   Example of load->value promotion:
+//     v0 = load_context +100
+//     store_context +200, v0
+//     v1 = load_context +100  <-- replace with v1 = v0
+//     store_context +200, v1
+//
+//   It'd be possible in this stage to also remove redundant context stores:
+//   Example of dead store elimination:
+//     store_context +100, v0  <-- removed due to following store
+//     store_context +100, v1
+//   This is more generally done by DSE, however if it could be done here
+//   instead as it may be faster (at least on the block-level). 
+//
+// - ConstantPropagation
+//   One ContextPromotion has run there will likely be a whole slew of
+//   constants that can be pushed through the function.
+//   Example:
+//     store_context +100, 1000
+//     v0 = load_context +100
+//     v1 = add v0, v0
+//     store_context +200, v1
+//   after PromoteContext:
+//     store_context +100, 1000
+//     v0 = 1000
+//     v1 = add v0, v0
+//     store_context +200, v1
+//   after PropagateConstants:
+//     store_context +100, 1000
+//     v0 = 1000
+//     v1 = add 1000, 1000
+//     store_context +200, 2000
+//   A DCE run after this should clean up any of the values no longer needed.
+//
+// - TypePropagation
+//    There are many extensions/truncations in generated code right now due to
+//    various load/stores of varying widths. Being able to find and short-
+//    circuit the conversions early on would make following passes cleaner
+//    and faster as they'd have to trace through fewer value definitions.
+//    Example (after ContextPromotion):
+//      v81.i64 = load_context +88
+//      v82.i32 = truncate v81.i64
+//      v84.i32 = and v82.i32, 3F
+//      v85.i64 = zero_extend v84.i32
+//      v87.i64 = load_context +248
+//      v88.i64 = v85.i64
+//      v89.i32 = truncate v88.i64      <-- zero_extend/truncate => v84.i32
+//      v90.i32 = byte_swap v89.i32
+//      store v87.i64, v90.i32
+//    after type propagation / simplification / DCE:
+//      v81.i64 = load_context +88
+//      v82.i32 = truncate v81.i64
+//      v84.i32 = and v82.i32, 3F
+//      v87.i64 = load_context +248
+//      v90.i32 = byte_swap v84.i32
+//      store v87.i64, v90.i32
+//
+// - ByteSwapElimination
+//   Find chained byte swaps and replace with assignments. This is often found
+//   in memcpy paths.
+//   Example:
+//     v0 = load ...
+//     v1 = byte_swap v0
+//     v2 = byte_swap v1
+//     store ..., v2       <-- this could be v0
+//
+//   It may be tricky to detect, though, as often times there are intervening
+//   instructions:
+//     v21.i32 = load v20.i64
+//     v22.i32 = byte_swap v21.i32
+//     v23.i64 = zero_extend v22.i32
+//     v88.i64 = v23.i64 (from ContextPromotion)
+//     v89.i32 = truncate v88.i64
+//     v90.i32 = byte_swap v89.i32
+//     store v87.i64, v90.i32
+//   After type propagation:
+//     v21.i32 = load v20.i64
+//     v22.i32 = byte_swap v21.i32
+//     v89.i32 = v22.i32
+//     v90.i32 = byte_swap v89.i32
+//     store v87.i64, v90.i32
+//   This could ideally become:
+//     v21.i32 = load v20.i64
+//     ... (DCE takes care of this) ...
+//     store v87.i64, v21.i32
+//
+// - Simplification
+//   Run over the instructions and rename assigned variables:
+//     v1 = v0
+//     v2 = v1
+//     v3 = add v0, v2
+//   becomes:
+//     v1 = v0  (will be removed by DCE)
+//     v2 = v0  (will be removed by DCE)
+//     v3 = add v0, v0
+//   This could be run several times, as it could make other passes faster
+//   to compute (for example, ConstantPropagation). DCE will take care of
+//   the useless assigns.
+//
+// - DeadStoreElimination
+//   Generic DSE pass, removing all redundant stores. ContextPromotion may be
+//   able to take care of most of these, as the input assembly is generally
+//   pretty optimized already. This pass would mainly be looking for introduced
+//   stores, such as those from comparisons.
+//
+//   Example:
+//   <block0>:
+//     v0 = compare_ult ...     (later removed by DCE)
+//     v1 = compare_ugt ...     (later removed by DCE)
+//     v2 = compare_eq ...
+//     store_context +300, v0   <-- removed
+//     store_context +301, v1   <-- removed
+//     store_context +302, v2   <-- removed
+//     branch_true v1, ...
+//   <block1>:
+//     v3 = compare_ult ...
+//     v4 = compare_ugt ...
+//     v5 = compare_eq ...
+//     store_context +300, v3   <-- these may be required if at end of function
+//     store_context +301, v4       or before a call
+//     store_context +302, v5
+//     branch_true v5, ...
+//
+// - DeadCodeElimination
+//   ContextPromotion/DSE will likely leave around a lot of dead statements.
+//   Code generated for comparison/testing produces many unused statements and
+//   with proper use analysis it should be possible to remove most of them:
+//   After context promotion/simplification:
+//     v33.i8 = compare_ult v31.i32, 0
+//     v34.i8 = compare_ugt v31.i32, 0
+//     v35.i8 = compare_eq v31.i32, 0
+//     store_context +300, v33.i8
+//     store_context +301, v34.i8
+//     store_context +302, v35.i8
+//     branch_true v35.i8, loc_8201A484
+//   After DSE:
+//     v33.i8 = compare_ult v31.i32, 0
+//     v34.i8 = compare_ugt v31.i32, 0
+//     v35.i8 = compare_eq v31.i32, 0
+//     branch_true v35.i8, loc_8201A484
+//   After DCE:
+//     v35.i8 = compare_eq v31.i32, 0
+//     branch_true v35.i8, loc_8201A484
+//
 
 #endif  // ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_H_

src/alloy/compiler/passes/mem2reg_pass.cc

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/**
- ******************************************************************************
- * Xenia : Xbox 360 Emulator Research Project                                 *
- ******************************************************************************
- * Copyright 2013 Ben Vanik. All rights reserved.                             *
- * Released under the BSD license - see LICENSE in the root for more details. *
- ******************************************************************************
- */
-
-#include <alloy/compiler/passes/mem2reg_pass.h>
-
-using namespace alloy;
-using namespace alloy::compiler;
-using namespace alloy::compiler::passes;
-
-
-Mem2RegPass::Mem2RegPass() :
-    Pass() {
-}
-
-Mem2RegPass::~Mem2RegPass() {
-}

src/alloy/compiler/passes/simplification_pass.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * Xenia : Xbox 360 Emulator Research Project                                 *
+ ******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright 2013 Ben Vanik. All rights reserved.                             *
+ * Released under the BSD license - see LICENSE in the root for more details. *
+ ******************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#include <alloy/compiler/passes/simplification_pass.h>
+#include <alloy/hir/function_builder.h>
+
+using namespace alloy;
+using namespace alloy::compiler;
+using namespace alloy::compiler::passes;
+using namespace alloy::hir;
+
+
+SimplificationPass::SimplificationPass() :
+    Pass() {
+}
+
+SimplificationPass::~SimplificationPass() {
+}
+
+int SimplificationPass::Run(FunctionBuilder* builder) {
+  // Run over the instructions and rename assigned variables:
+  //   v1 = v0
+  //   v2 = v1
+  //   v3 = add v0, v2
+  // becomes:
+  //   v1 = v0
+  //   v2 = v0
+  //   v3 = add v0, v0
+  // This could be run several times, as it could make other passes faster
+  // to compute (for example, ConstantPropagation). DCE will take care of
+  // the useless assigns.
+  //
+  // We do this by walking each instruction. For each value op we
+  // look at its def instr to see if it's an assign - if so, we use the src
+  // of that instr. Because we may have chains, we do this recursively until
+  // we find a non-assign def.
+
+  Block* block = builder->first_block();
+  while (block) {
+    Instr* i = block->instr_head;
+    while (i) {
+      uint32_t signature = i->opcode->signature;
+      if (GET_OPCODE_SIG_TYPE_SRC1(signature) == OPCODE_SIG_TYPE_V) {
+        i->set_src1(CheckValue(i->src1.value));
+      }
+      if (GET_OPCODE_SIG_TYPE_SRC2(signature) == OPCODE_SIG_TYPE_V) {
+        i->set_src2(CheckValue(i->src2.value));
+      }
+      if (GET_OPCODE_SIG_TYPE_SRC3(signature) == OPCODE_SIG_TYPE_V) {
+        i->set_src3(CheckValue(i->src3.value));
+      }
+      i = i->next;
+    }
+
+    block = block->next;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+Value* SimplificationPass::CheckValue(Value* value) {
+  Instr* def = value->def;
+  if (def && def->opcode->num == OPCODE_ASSIGN) {
+    // Value comes from an assignment - recursively find if it comes from
+    // another assignment. It probably doesn't, if we already replaced it.
+    Value* replacement = def->src1.value;
+    while (true) {
+      def = replacement->def;
+      if (!def || def->opcode->num != OPCODE_ASSIGN) {
+        break;
+      }
+      replacement = def->src1.value;
+    }
+    return replacement;
+  }
+  return value;
+}

src/alloy/compiler/passes/simplification_pass.h

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
  ******************************************************************************
  */
 
-#ifndef ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_MEM2REG_PASS_H_
+#ifndef ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_SIMPLIFICATION_PASS_H_
-#define ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_MEM2REG_PASS_H_
+#define ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_SIMPLIFICATION_PASS_H_
 
 #include <alloy/compiler/pass.h>
 
@@ -18,10 +18,15 @@ namespace compiler {
 namespace passes {
 
 
-class Mem2RegPass : public Pass {
+class SimplificationPass : public Pass {
 public:
-  Mem2RegPass();
+  SimplificationPass();
-  virtual ~Mem2RegPass();
+  virtual ~SimplificationPass();
+
+  virtual int Run(hir::FunctionBuilder* builder);
+
+private:
+  hir::Value* CheckValue(hir::Value* value);
 };
 
 
@@ -30,4 +35,4 @@ public:
 }  // namespace alloy
 
 
-#endif  // ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_MEM2REG_PASS_H_
+#endif  // ALLOY_COMPILER_PASSES_SIMPLIFICATION_PASS_H_

src/alloy/compiler/passes/sources.gypi

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 # Copyright 2013 Ben Vanik. All Rights Reserved.
 {
   'sources': [
-    'mem2reg_pass.cc',
+    #'constant_propagation_pass.cc',
-    'mem2reg_pass.h',
+    #'constant_propagation_pass.h',
+    #'context_promotion_pass.cc',
+    #'context_promotion_pass.h',
+    #'dead_code_elimination_pass.cc',
+    #'dead_code_elimination_pass.h',
+    #'dead_store_elimination_pass.cc',
+    #'dead_store_elimination_pass.h',
+    'simplification_pass.cc',
+    'simplification_pass.h',
   ],
 }

src/alloy/frontend/ppc/ppc_translator.cc

@@ -32,8 +32,13 @@ PPCTranslator::PPCTranslator(PPCFrontend* frontend) :
 
   compiler_ = new Compiler();
 
-  // TODO(benvanik): passes in a sensible order/etc.
+  //compiler_->AddPass(new passes::ContextPromotionPass());
-  compiler_->AddPass(new passes::Mem2RegPass());
+  //compiler_->AddPass(new passes::ConstantPropagationPass());
+  //compiler_->AddPass(new passes::TypePropagationPass());
+  //compiler_->AddPass(new passes::ByteSwapEliminationPass());
+  compiler_->AddPass(new passes::SimplificationPass());
+  //compiler_->AddPass(new passes::DeadStoreEliminationPass());
+  //compiler_->AddPass(new passes::DeadCodeEliminationPass());
 
   Backend* backend = frontend->runtime()->backend();
   assembler_ = backend->CreateAssembler();

src/alloy/hir/block.h

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ class Label;
 
 class Block {
 public:
+  Arena* arena;
+
   Block* next;
   Block* prev;
 

src/alloy/hir/function_builder.cc

@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::InsertLabel(Label* label, Instr* prev_instr) {
   Block* next_block = prev_instr->block->next;
 
   Block* new_block = arena_->Alloc<Block>();
+  new_block->arena = arena_;
   new_block->prev = prev_block;
   new_block->next = next_block;
   if (prev_block) {
@@ -269,6 +270,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::InsertLabel(Label* label, Instr* prev_instr) {
 
 Block* FunctionBuilder::AppendBlock() {
   Block* block = arena_->Alloc<Block>();
+  block->arena = arena_;
   block->next = NULL;
   block->prev = block_tail_;
   if (block_tail_) {
@@ -314,6 +316,10 @@ Instr* FunctionBuilder::AppendInstr(
   instr->opcode = &opcode_info;
   instr->flags = flags;
   instr->dest = dest;
+  instr->src1_use = instr->src2_use = instr->src3_use = NULL;
+  if (dest) {
+    dest->def = instr;
+  }
   // Rely on callers to set src args.
   // This prevents redundant stores.
   return instr;
@@ -324,6 +330,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::AllocValue(TypeName type) {
   value->ordinal = next_value_ordinal_++;
   value->type = type;
   value->flags = 0;
+  value->def = NULL;
+  value->use_head = NULL;
   value->tag = NULL;
   return value;
 }
@@ -334,6 +342,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::CloneValue(Value* source) {
   value->type = source->type;
   value->flags = source->flags;
   value->constant.i64 = source->constant.i64;
+  value->def = NULL;
+  value->use_head = NULL;
   value->tag = NULL;
   return value;
 }
@@ -400,7 +410,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::DebugBreakTrue(Value* cond) {
   }
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, 0);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
 }
@@ -430,7 +440,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::TrapTrue(Value* cond) {
   }
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, 0);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
 }
@@ -463,7 +473,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::CallTrue(
   }
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, call_flags);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
   i->src2.symbol_info = symbol_info;
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
@@ -479,7 +489,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::CallIndirect(
 
   ASSERT_ADDRESS_TYPE(value);
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, call_flags);
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
 }
@@ -499,8 +509,8 @@ void FunctionBuilder::CallIndirectTrue(
 
   ASSERT_ADDRESS_TYPE(value);
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, call_flags);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
-  i->src2.value = value;
+  i->set_src2(value);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
 }
@@ -547,7 +557,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::BranchIf(
   }
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, branch_flags);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
   i->src2.label = true_label;
   i->src3.label = false_label;
   EndBlock();
@@ -567,7 +577,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::BranchTrue(
   }
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, branch_flags);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
   i->src2.label = label;
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
@@ -587,7 +597,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::BranchFalse(
   }
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, branch_flags);
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
   i->src2.label = label;
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   EndBlock();
@@ -609,7 +619,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Assign(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -632,7 +642,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Cast(Value* value, TypeName target_type) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -655,7 +665,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::ZeroExtend(Value* value, TypeName target_type) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -678,7 +688,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::SignExtend(Value* value, TypeName target_type) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -704,7 +714,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Truncate(Value* value, TypeName target_type) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -728,7 +738,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Convert(Value* value, TypeName target_type,
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, round_mode,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -751,7 +761,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Round(Value* value, RoundMode round_mode) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, round_mode,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -768,7 +778,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::VectorConvertI2F(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -785,7 +795,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::VectorConvertF2I(Value* value, RoundMode round_mode) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, round_mode,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -887,7 +897,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::StoreContext(size_t offset, Value* value) {
 
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, 0);
   i->src1.offset = offset;
-  i->src2.value = value;
+  i->set_src2(value);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -903,7 +913,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Load(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, load_flags,
       AllocValue(type));
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -920,7 +930,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::LoadAcquire(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, load_flags,
       AllocValue(type));
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -935,8 +945,8 @@ void FunctionBuilder::Store(
 
   ASSERT_ADDRESS_TYPE(address);
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, store_flags);
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
-  i->src2.value = value;
+  i->set_src2(value);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -951,8 +961,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::StoreRelease(
   ASSERT_ADDRESS_TYPE(address);
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, store_flags,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
-  i->src2.value = value;
+  i->set_src2(value);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -967,7 +977,7 @@ void FunctionBuilder::Prefetch(
 
   ASSERT_ADDRESS_TYPE(address);
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(opcode, prefetch_flags);
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
   i->src2.offset = length;
   i->src3.value = NULL;
 }
@@ -989,8 +999,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Max(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1012,8 +1022,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Min(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1035,9 +1045,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Select(Value* cond, Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = cond;
+  i->set_src1(cond);
-  i->src2.value = value1;
+  i->set_src2(value1);
-  i->src3.value = value2;
+  i->set_src3(value2);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -1055,7 +1065,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::IsTrue(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1074,7 +1084,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::IsFalse(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1089,8 +1099,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::CompareXX(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1195,7 +1205,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::DidCarry(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1210,7 +1220,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::DidOverflow(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1226,8 +1236,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::VectorCompareXX(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, part_type,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1308,8 +1318,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Add(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, arithmetic_flags,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1344,9 +1354,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::AddWithCarry(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, arithmetic_flags,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
-  i->src3.value = value3;
+  i->set_src3(value3);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -1376,8 +1386,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Sub(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, arithmetic_flags,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1400,8 +1410,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Mul(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1424,8 +1434,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Div(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1448,8 +1458,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Rem(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1480,9 +1490,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::MulAdd(Value* value1, Value* value2, Value* value3) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
-  i->src3.value = value3;
+  i->set_src3(value3);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -1512,9 +1522,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::MulSub(Value* value1, Value* value2, Value* value3) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
-  i->src3.value = value3;
+  i->set_src3(value3);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -1536,7 +1546,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Neg(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1559,7 +1569,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Abs(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1582,7 +1592,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Sqrt(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1599,7 +1609,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::RSqrt(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1618,8 +1628,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::DotProduct3(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(FLOAT32_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1638,8 +1648,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::DotProduct4(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(FLOAT32_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1668,8 +1678,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::And(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1698,8 +1708,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Or(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1724,8 +1734,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Xor(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1748,7 +1758,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Not(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1780,8 +1790,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Shl(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1803,8 +1813,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::VectorShl(Value* value1, Value* value2,
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, part_type,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1834,8 +1844,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Shr(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1868,8 +1878,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Sha(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1898,8 +1908,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::RotateLeft(Value* value1, Value* value2) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = value1;
+  i->set_src1(value1);
-  i->src2.value = value2;
+  i->set_src2(value2);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1923,7 +1933,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::ByteSwap(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1945,7 +1955,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::CountLeadingZeros(Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(INT8_TYPE));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -1962,9 +1972,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Insert(Value* value, uint32_t index, Value* part) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.offset = index;
-  i->src3.value = part;
+  i->set_src3(part);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -1980,7 +1990,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Extract(Value* value, uint32_t index, TypeName target_ty
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.offset = index;
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
@@ -1998,7 +2008,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Splat(Value* value, TypeName target_type) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(target_type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.value = i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -2020,9 +2030,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Permute(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value1->type));
-  i->src1.value = control;
+  i->set_src1(control);
-  i->src2.value = value1;
+  i->set_src2(value1);
-  i->src3.value = value2;
+  i->set_src3(value2);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -2046,7 +2056,7 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::Swizzle(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = value;
+  i->set_src1(value);
   i->src2.offset = swizzle_mask;
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
@@ -2067,9 +2077,9 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::CompareExchange(
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(exchange_value->type));
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
-  i->src2.value = compare_value;
+  i->set_src2(compare_value);
-  i->src3.value = exchange_value;
+  i->set_src3(exchange_value);
   return i->dest;
 }
 
@@ -2085,8 +2095,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::AtomicAdd(Value* address, Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
-  i->src2.value = value;
+  i->set_src2(value);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }
@@ -2103,8 +2113,8 @@ Value* FunctionBuilder::AtomicSub(Value* address, Value* value) {
   Instr* i = AppendInstr(
       opcode, 0,
       AllocValue(value->type));
-  i->src1.value = address;
+  i->set_src1(address);
-  i->src2.value = value;
+  i->set_src2(value);
   i->src3.value = NULL;
   return i->dest;
 }

src/alloy/hir/function_builder.h

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ public:
 
   void Dump(StringBuffer* str);
 
+  Arena* arena() const { return arena_; }
+
   uint32_t attributes() const { return attributes_; }
   void set_attributes(uint32_t value) { attributes_ = value; }
 

src/alloy/hir/instr.cc

@@ -9,5 +9,41 @@
 
 #include <alloy/hir/instr.h>
 
+#include <alloy/hir/block.h>
+
 using namespace alloy;
 using namespace alloy::hir;
+
+
+void Instr::set_src1(Value* value) {
+  if (src1.value == value) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (src1.value) {
+    src1.value->RemoveUse(src1_use);
+  }
+  src1.value = value;
+  src1_use = value ? value->AddUse(block->arena, this) : NULL;
+}
+
+void Instr::set_src2(Value* value) {
+  if (src2.value == value) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (src2.value) {
+    src2.value->RemoveUse(src2_use);
+  }
+  src2.value = value;
+  src2_use = value ? value->AddUse(block->arena, this) : NULL;
+}
+
+void Instr::set_src3(Value* value) {
+  if (src3.value == value) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (src3.value) {
+    src3.value->RemoveUse(src3_use);
+  }
+  src3.value = value;
+  src3_use = value ? value->AddUse(block->arena, this) : NULL;
+}

src/alloy/hir/instr.h

@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ public:
   Op      src1;
   Op      src2;
   Op      src3;
+
+  Value::Use* src1_use;
+  Value::Use* src2_use;
+  Value::Use* src3_use;
+
+  void set_src1(Value* value);
+  void set_src2(Value* value);
+  void set_src3(Value* value);
 };
 
 

src/alloy/hir/value.cc

@@ -13,6 +13,29 @@ using namespace alloy;
 using namespace alloy::hir;
 
 
+Value::Use* Value::AddUse(Arena* arena, Instr* instr) {
+  Use* use = arena->Alloc<Use>();
+  use->instr = instr;
+  use->prev = NULL;
+  use->next = use_head;
+  if (use_head) {
+    use_head->prev = use;
+  }
+  use_head = use;
+  return use;
+}
+
+void Value::RemoveUse(Use* use) {
+  if (use == use_head) {
+    use_head = use->next;
+  } else {
+    use->prev->next = use->next;
+  }
+  if (use->next) {
+    use->next->prev = use->prev;
+  }
+}
+
 uint64_t Value::AsUint64() {
   XEASSERT(IsConstant());
   switch (type) {

src/alloy/hir/value.h

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 namespace alloy {
 namespace hir {
 
+class Instr;
+
 
 enum TypeName {
   INT8_TYPE,
@@ -36,6 +38,13 @@ enum ValueFlags {
 
 
 class Value {
+public:
+  typedef struct Use_s {
+    Instr*  instr;
+    Use_s*  prev;
+    Use_s*  next;
+  } Use;
+
 public:
   uint32_t ordinal;
   TypeName type;
@@ -51,7 +60,13 @@ public:
     vec128_t    v128;
   } constant;
 
-  void*   tag;
+  Instr*    def;
+  Use*      use_head;
+
+  void*     tag;
+
+  Use* AddUse(Arena* arena, Instr* instr);
+  void RemoveUse(Use* use);
 
   void set_zero(TypeName type) {
     this->type = type;