diff --git a/target/riscv/csr.c b/target/riscv/csr.c
index 46bd417cc1..58d07c511f 100644
--- a/target/riscv/csr.c
+++ b/target/riscv/csr.c
@@ -79,6 +79,57 @@ static RISCVException ctr(CPURISCVState *env, int csrno)
         return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
     }
 
+    if (env->priv == PRV_S) {
+        switch (csrno) {
+        case CSR_CYCLE:
+            if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, COUNTEREN_CY)) {
+                return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+            }
+            break;
+        case CSR_TIME:
+            if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, COUNTEREN_TM)) {
+                return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+            }
+            break;
+        case CSR_INSTRET:
+            if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, COUNTEREN_IR)) {
+                return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+            }
+            break;
+        case CSR_HPMCOUNTER3...CSR_HPMCOUNTER31:
+            ctr_index = csrno - CSR_CYCLE;
+            if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, 1 << ctr_index)) {
+                return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        if (riscv_cpu_mxl(env) == MXL_RV32) {
+            switch (csrno) {
+            case CSR_CYCLEH:
+                if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, COUNTEREN_CY)) {
+                    return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CSR_TIMEH:
+                if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, COUNTEREN_TM)) {
+                    return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CSR_INSTRETH:
+                if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, COUNTEREN_IR)) {
+                    return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CSR_HPMCOUNTER3H...CSR_HPMCOUNTER31H:
+                ctr_index = csrno - CSR_CYCLEH;
+                if (!get_field(env->mcounteren, 1 << ctr_index)) {
+                    return RISCV_EXCP_ILLEGAL_INST;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     if (riscv_cpu_virt_enabled(env)) {
         switch (csrno) {
         case CSR_CYCLE: