diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index aa40d44f1d..452047102a 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -2011,6 +2011,7 @@
 # Since: 4.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'XDbgBlockGraphNodeType',
+  'prefix': 'X_DBG_BLOCK_GRAPH_NODE_TYPE', # TODO drop
   'data': [ 'block-backend', 'block-job', 'block-driver' ] }
 
 ##
@@ -3746,7 +3747,7 @@
 #
 # Since: 4.1
 ##
-{ 'enum': 'BlkdebugIOType', 'prefix': 'BLKDEBUG_IO_TYPE',
+{ 'enum': 'BlkdebugIOType',
   'data': [ 'read', 'write', 'write-zeroes', 'discard', 'flush',
             'block-status' ] }
 
diff --git a/qapi/common.json b/qapi/common.json
index 7558ce5430..25726d3113 100644
--- a/qapi/common.json
+++ b/qapi/common.json
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
 # Since: 2.12
 ##
 { 'enum': 'OffAutoPCIBAR',
+  'prefix': 'OFF_AUTOPCIBAR',   # TODO drop
   'data': [ 'off', 'auto', 'bar0', 'bar1', 'bar2', 'bar3', 'bar4', 'bar5' ] }
 
 ##
diff --git a/qapi/crypto.json b/qapi/crypto.json
index 97e02dbd59..a192641a03 100644
--- a/qapi/crypto.json
+++ b/qapi/crypto.json
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 # Since: 2.5
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QCryptoTLSCredsEndpoint',
-  'prefix': 'QCRYPTO_TLS_CREDS_ENDPOINT',
   'data': ['client', 'server']}
 
 ##
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@
 # Since: 2.6
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QCryptoSecretFormat',
-  'prefix': 'QCRYPTO_SECRET_FORMAT',
   'data': ['raw', 'base64']}
 
 ##
@@ -123,7 +121,6 @@
 # Since: 2.6
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QCryptoCipherMode',
-  'prefix': 'QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE',
   'data': ['ecb', 'cbc', 'xts', 'ctr']}
 
 ##
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@
 # Since: 2.6
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QCryptoBlockFormat',
-#  'prefix': 'QCRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT',
+  'prefix': 'Q_CRYPTO_BLOCK_FORMAT', # TODO drop
   'data': ['qcow', 'luks']}
 
 ##
@@ -363,6 +360,7 @@
 # Since: 5.1
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QCryptoBlockLUKSKeyslotState',
+  'prefix': 'Q_CRYPTO_BLOCKLUKS_KEYSLOT_STATE', # TODO drop
   'data': [ 'active', 'inactive' ] }
 
 ##
diff --git a/qapi/cryptodev.json b/qapi/cryptodev.json
index 68289f4984..60f8fe8e4a 100644
--- a/qapi/cryptodev.json
+++ b/qapi/cryptodev.json
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
 # Since: 8.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QCryptodevBackendType',
-  'prefix': 'QCRYPTODEV_BACKEND_TYPE',
   'data': ['builtin', 'vhost-user', 'lkcf']}
 
 ##
diff --git a/qapi/ebpf.json b/qapi/ebpf.json
index db19ae850f..42df548777 100644
--- a/qapi/ebpf.json
+++ b/qapi/ebpf.json
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 # Since: 9.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'EbpfProgramID',
+  'prefix': 'EBPF_PROGRAMID',   # TODO drop
   'if': 'CONFIG_EBPF',
   'data': [ { 'name': 'rss' } ] }
 
diff --git a/qapi/machine.json b/qapi/machine.json
index d4317435e7..552d1c20e9 100644
--- a/qapi/machine.json
+++ b/qapi/machine.json
@@ -686,6 +686,7 @@
 # Since: 5.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'HmatLBMemoryHierarchy',
+  'prefix': 'HMATLB_MEMORY_HIERARCHY', # TODO drop
   'data': [ 'memory', 'first-level', 'second-level', 'third-level' ] }
 
 ##
@@ -712,6 +713,7 @@
 # Since: 5.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'HmatLBDataType',
+  'prefix': 'HMATLB_DATA_TYPE', # TODO drop
   'data': [ 'access-latency', 'read-latency', 'write-latency',
             'access-bandwidth', 'read-bandwidth', 'write-bandwidth' ] }
 
diff --git a/qapi/migration.json b/qapi/migration.json
index 7324571e92..f0ff7b93b4 100644
--- a/qapi/migration.json
+++ b/qapi/migration.json
@@ -571,6 +571,7 @@
 # Since: 5.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'MultiFDCompression',
+  'prefix': 'MULTIFD_COMPRESSION',
   'data': [ 'none', 'zlib',
             { 'name': 'zstd', 'if': 'CONFIG_ZSTD' },
             { 'name': 'qpl', 'if': 'CONFIG_QPL' },
diff --git a/qapi/ui.json b/qapi/ui.json
index 8c8464faac..f61a2b6b65 100644
--- a/qapi/ui.json
+++ b/qapi/ui.json
@@ -949,6 +949,7 @@
 # Since: 1.3
 ##
 { 'enum': 'QKeyCode',
+  'prefix': 'Q_KEY_CODE',
   'data': [ 'unmapped',
             'shift', 'shift_r', 'alt', 'alt_r', 'ctrl',
             'ctrl_r', 'menu', 'esc', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
@@ -1396,6 +1397,7 @@
 # Since: 3.0
 ##
 { 'enum'    : 'DisplayGLMode',
+  'prefix'  : 'DISPLAYGL_MODE', # TODO drop
   'data'    : [ 'off', 'on', 'core', 'es' ] }
 
 ##
diff --git a/scripts/qapi/common.py b/scripts/qapi/common.py
index 737b059e62..d7c8aa3365 100644
--- a/scripts/qapi/common.py
+++ b/scripts/qapi/common.py
@@ -40,22 +40,28 @@ def camel_to_upper(value: str) -> str:
         ENUM_Name2 -> ENUM_NAME2
         ENUM24_Name -> ENUM24_NAME
     """
-    c_fun_str = c_name(value, False)
-    if value.isupper():
-        return c_fun_str
+    ret = value[0]
+    upc = value[0].isupper()
 
-    new_name = ''
-    length = len(c_fun_str)
-    for i in range(length):
-        char = c_fun_str[i]
-        # When char is upper case and no '_' appears before, do more checks
-        if char.isupper() and (i > 0) and c_fun_str[i - 1] != '_':
-            if i < length - 1 and c_fun_str[i + 1].islower():
-                new_name += '_'
-            elif c_fun_str[i - 1].isdigit():
-                new_name += '_'
-        new_name += char
-    return new_name.lstrip('_').upper()
+    # Copy remainder of ``value`` to ``ret`` with '_' inserted
+    for ch in value[1:]:
+        if ch.isupper() == upc:
+            pass
+        elif upc:
+            # ``ret`` ends in upper case, next char isn't: insert '_'
+            # before the last upper case char unless there is one
+            # already, or it's at the beginning
+            if len(ret) > 2 and ret[-2].isalnum():
+                ret = ret[:-1] + '_' + ret[-1]
+        else:
+            # ``ret`` doesn't end in upper case, next char is: insert
+            # '_' before it
+            if ret[-1].isalnum():
+                ret += '_'
+        ret += ch
+        upc = ch.isupper()
+
+    return c_name(ret.upper()).lstrip('_')
 
 
 def c_enum_const(type_name: str,
@@ -68,9 +74,9 @@ def c_enum_const(type_name: str,
     :param const_name: The name of this constant.
     :param prefix: Optional, prefix that overrides the type_name.
     """
-    if prefix is not None:
-        type_name = prefix
-    return camel_to_upper(type_name) + '_' + c_name(const_name, False).upper()
+    if prefix is None:
+        prefix = camel_to_upper(type_name)
+    return prefix + '_' + c_name(const_name, False).upper()
 
 
 def c_name(name: str, protect: bool = True) -> str:
diff --git a/scripts/qapi/schema.py b/scripts/qapi/schema.py
index d65c35f6ee..e97c978d38 100644
--- a/scripts/qapi/schema.py
+++ b/scripts/qapi/schema.py
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@ class QAPISchema:
             [{'name': n} for n in qtypes], None)
 
         self._def_definition(QAPISchemaEnumType(
-            'QType', None, None, None, None, qtype_values, 'QTYPE'))
+            'QType', None, None, None, None, qtype_values, None))
 
     def _make_features(
         self,
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/alternate-array.out b/tests/qapi-schema/alternate-array.out
index a657d85738..2f30973ac3 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/alternate-array.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/alternate-array.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/comments.out b/tests/qapi-schema/comments.out
index ce4f6a4f0f..937070c2c4 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/comments.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/comments.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out
index 6d24f1127b..ec277be91e 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/empty.out b/tests/qapi-schema/empty.out
index 3feb3f69d3..d1981f8586 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/empty.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/empty.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/include-repetition.out b/tests/qapi-schema/include-repetition.out
index 16dbd9b819..c564d27862 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/include-repetition.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/include-repetition.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/include-simple.out b/tests/qapi-schema/include-simple.out
index 48e923bfbc..ec8200ab18 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/include-simple.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/include-simple.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/indented-expr.out b/tests/qapi-schema/indented-expr.out
index 6a30ded3fa..a7c22c3eef 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/indented-expr.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/indented-expr.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json
index 8ca977c49d..0f5f54e621 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
   'data': [ 'value-a', 'value-b' ] }
 
 { 'enum': 'TestUnionEnumA',
+  'prefix': 'TEST_UNION_ENUMA', # TODO drop
   'data': [ 'value-a1', 'value-a2' ] }
 
 { 'struct': 'TestUnionTypeA1',
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out
index e2f0981348..add7346f49 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module ./builtin
 object q_empty
 enum QType
-    prefix QTYPE
     member none
     member qnull
     member qnum
@@ -109,6 +108,7 @@ enum TestUnionEnum
     member value-a
     member value-b
 enum TestUnionEnumA
+    prefix TEST_UNION_ENUMA
     member value-a1
     member value-a2
 object TestUnionTypeA1