diff --git a/block/file-posix.c b/block/file-posix.c
index 98987b80f1..349f77a3af 100644
--- a/block/file-posix.c
+++ b/block/file-posix.c
@@ -2611,7 +2611,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn raw_co_copy_range_to(BlockDriverState *bs,
     }
 
     src_s = src->bs->opaque;
-    if (fd_open(bs) < 0 || fd_open(bs) < 0) {
+    if (fd_open(src->bs) < 0 || fd_open(dst->bs) < 0) {
         return -EIO;
     }
     return paio_submit_co_full(bs, src_s->fd, src_offset, s->fd, dst_offset,
diff --git a/block/qcow2-bitmap.c b/block/qcow2-bitmap.c
index 69485aa1de..ba978ad2aa 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-bitmap.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-bitmap.c
@@ -775,7 +775,12 @@ static int bitmap_list_store(BlockDriverState *bs, Qcow2BitmapList *bm_list,
         }
     }
 
-    ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, dir_offset, dir_size);
+    /* Actually, even in in-place case ignoring QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY is not
+     * necessary, because we drop QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS when updating bitmap
+     * directory in-place (actually, turn-off the extension), which is checked
+     * in qcow2_check_metadata_overlap() */
+    ret = qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(
+            bs, in_place ? QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY : 0, dir_offset, dir_size);
     if (ret < 0) {
         goto fail;
     }
diff --git a/block/qcow2-refcount.c b/block/qcow2-refcount.c
index 18c729aa27..1b9ecb1ca0 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-refcount.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-refcount.c
@@ -2705,6 +2705,16 @@ int qcow2_check_metadata_overlap(BlockDriverState *bs, int ign, int64_t offset,
         }
     }
 
+    if ((chk & QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY) &&
+        (s->autoclear_features & QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_BITMAPS))
+    {
+        if (overlaps_with(s->bitmap_directory_offset,
+                          s->bitmap_directory_size))
+        {
+            return QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY;
+        }
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index 33b61b7480..5d668fc617 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -679,6 +679,11 @@ static QemuOptsList qcow2_runtime_opts = {
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "Check for unintended writes into an inactive L2 table",
         },
+        {
+            .name = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_BITMAP_DIRECTORY,
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "Check for unintended writes into the bitmap directory",
+        },
         {
             .name = QCOW2_OPT_CACHE_SIZE,
             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
@@ -712,14 +717,15 @@ static QemuOptsList qcow2_runtime_opts = {
 };
 
 static const char *overlap_bool_option_names[QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR] = {
-    [QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR]    = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_MAIN_HEADER,
-    [QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR]      = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L1,
-    [QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR]      = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L2,
-    [QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_TABLE,
-    [QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_BLOCK,
-    [QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE,
-    [QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR]    = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1,
-    [QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR]    = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2,
+    [QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR]      = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_MAIN_HEADER,
+    [QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR]        = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L1,
+    [QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR]        = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_ACTIVE_L2,
+    [QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR]   = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_TABLE,
+    [QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR]   = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_REFCOUNT_BLOCK,
+    [QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR]   = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE,
+    [QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR]      = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1,
+    [QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR]      = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2,
+    [QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR] = QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_BITMAP_DIRECTORY,
 };
 
 static void cache_clean_timer_cb(void *opaque)
@@ -3299,7 +3305,6 @@ qcow2_co_copy_range_from(BlockDriverState *bs,
         case QCOW2_CLUSTER_COMPRESSED:
             ret = -ENOTSUP;
             goto out;
-            break;
 
         case QCOW2_CLUSTER_NORMAL:
             child = bs->file;
@@ -3345,7 +3350,6 @@ qcow2_co_copy_range_to(BlockDriverState *bs,
     int ret;
     unsigned int cur_bytes; /* number of sectors in current iteration */
     uint64_t cluster_offset;
-    uint8_t *cluster_data = NULL;
     QCowL2Meta *l2meta = NULL;
 
     assert(!bs->encrypted);
@@ -3404,7 +3408,6 @@ fail:
 
     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
 
-    qemu_vfree(cluster_data);
     trace_qcow2_writev_done_req(qemu_coroutine_self(), ret);
 
     return ret;
diff --git a/block/qcow2.h b/block/qcow2.h
index d6aca687d6..81b844e936 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.h
+++ b/block/qcow2.h
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_SNAPSHOT_TABLE "overlap-check.snapshot-table"
 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L1 "overlap-check.inactive-l1"
 #define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_INACTIVE_L2 "overlap-check.inactive-l2"
+#define QCOW2_OPT_OVERLAP_BITMAP_DIRECTORY "overlap-check.bitmap-directory"
 #define QCOW2_OPT_CACHE_SIZE "cache-size"
 #define QCOW2_OPT_L2_CACHE_SIZE "l2-cache-size"
 #define QCOW2_OPT_L2_CACHE_ENTRY_SIZE "l2-cache-entry-size"
@@ -400,34 +401,36 @@ typedef enum QCow2ClusterType {
 } QCow2ClusterType;
 
 typedef enum QCow2MetadataOverlap {
-    QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR    = 0,
-    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR      = 1,
-    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR      = 2,
-    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR = 3,
-    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR = 4,
-    QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR = 5,
-    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR    = 6,
-    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR    = 7,
+    QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR      = 0,
+    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR        = 1,
+    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR        = 2,
+    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR   = 3,
+    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR   = 4,
+    QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR   = 5,
+    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR      = 6,
+    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR      = 7,
+    QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR = 8,
 
-    QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR            = 8,
+    QCOW2_OL_MAX_BITNR              = 9,
 
-    QCOW2_OL_NONE           = 0,
-    QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER    = (1 << QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR),
-    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
-    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
-    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR),
-    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR),
-    QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE = (1 << QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR),
-    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1    = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_NONE             = 0,
+    QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1        = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2        = (1 << QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_BLOCK_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE   = (1 << QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L1_BITNR),
     /* NOTE: Checking overlaps with inactive L2 tables will result in bdrv
      * reads. */
-    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2    = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2      = (1 << QCOW2_OL_INACTIVE_L2_BITNR),
+    QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY = (1 << QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY_BITNR),
 } QCow2MetadataOverlap;
 
 /* Perform all overlap checks which can be done in constant time */
 #define QCOW2_OL_CONSTANT \
     (QCOW2_OL_MAIN_HEADER | QCOW2_OL_ACTIVE_L1 | QCOW2_OL_REFCOUNT_TABLE | \
-     QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE)
+     QCOW2_OL_SNAPSHOT_TABLE | QCOW2_OL_BITMAP_DIRECTORY)
 
 /* Perform all overlap checks which don't require disk access */
 #define QCOW2_OL_CACHED \
diff --git a/block/raw-format.c b/block/raw-format.c
index b78da564d4..8e648a5666 100644
--- a/block/raw-format.c
+++ b/block/raw-format.c
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ static inline int raw_adjust_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *offset,
         /* There's not enough space for the write, or the read request is
          * out-of-range. Don't read/write anything to prevent leaking out of
          * the size specified in options. */
-        return is_write ? -ENOSPC : -EINVAL;;
+        return is_write ? -ENOSPC : -EINVAL;
     }
 
     if (*offset > INT64_MAX - s->offset) {
diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
index 84f8bbe480..a9d0084e36 100644
--- a/block/vmdk.c
+++ b/block/vmdk.c
@@ -333,6 +333,12 @@ static int vmdk_is_cid_valid(BlockDriverState *bs)
     if (!s->cid_checked && bs->backing) {
         BlockDriverState *p_bs = bs->backing->bs;
 
+        if (strcmp(p_bs->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) {
+            /* Backing file is not in vmdk format, so it does not have
+             * a CID, which makes the overlay's parent CID invalid */
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         if (vmdk_read_cid(p_bs, 0, &cur_pcid) != 0) {
             /* read failure: report as not valid */
             return 0;
diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index 38b31250f9..13798b982d 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -2696,18 +2696,21 @@
 # @template: Specifies a template mode which can be adjusted using the other
 #            flags, defaults to 'cached'
 #
+# @bitmap-directory: since 3.0
+#
 # Since: 2.9
 ##
 { 'struct': 'Qcow2OverlapCheckFlags',
-  'data': { '*template':       'Qcow2OverlapCheckMode',
-            '*main-header':    'bool',
-            '*active-l1':      'bool',
-            '*active-l2':      'bool',
-            '*refcount-table': 'bool',
-            '*refcount-block': 'bool',
-            '*snapshot-table': 'bool',
-            '*inactive-l1':    'bool',
-            '*inactive-l2':    'bool' } }
+  'data': { '*template':         'Qcow2OverlapCheckMode',
+            '*main-header':      'bool',
+            '*active-l1':        'bool',
+            '*active-l2':        'bool',
+            '*refcount-table':   'bool',
+            '*refcount-block':   'bool',
+            '*snapshot-table':   'bool',
+            '*inactive-l1':      'bool',
+            '*inactive-l2':      'bool',
+            '*bitmap-directory': 'bool' } }
 
 ##
 # @Qcow2OverlapChecks:
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/225 b/tests/qemu-iotests/225
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f2ee715685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/225
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Test vmdk backing file correlation
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# creator
+owner=mreitz@redhat.com
+
+seq=$(basename $0)
+echo "QA output created by $seq"
+
+here=$PWD
+status=1	# failure is the default!
+
+_cleanup()
+{
+    _cleanup_test_img
+    rm -f "$TEST_IMG.not_base"
+}
+trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
+
+# get standard environment, filters and checks
+. ./common.rc
+. ./common.filter
+. ./common.qemu
+
+# This tests vmdk-specific low-level functionality
+_supported_fmt vmdk
+_supported_proto file
+_supported_os Linux
+_unsupported_imgopts "subformat=monolithicFlat" \
+                     "subformat=twoGbMaxExtentFlat" \
+                     "subformat=twoGbMaxExtentSparse"
+
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.base" _make_test_img 1M
+TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG.not_base" _make_test_img 1M
+_make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+
+make_opts()
+{
+    node_name=$1
+    filename=$2
+    backing=$3
+
+    if [ -z "$backing" ]; then
+        backing="null"
+    else
+        backing="'$backing'"
+    fi
+
+    echo "{ 'node-name': '$node_name',
+            'driver': 'vmdk',
+            'file': {
+                'driver': 'file',
+                'filename': '$filename'
+            },
+            'backing': $backing }"
+}
+
+overlay_opts=$(make_opts overlay "$TEST_IMG" backing)
+base_opts=$(make_opts backing "$TEST_IMG.base")
+not_base_opts=$(make_opts backing "$TEST_IMG.not_base")
+
+not_vmdk_opts="{ 'node-name': 'backing', 'driver': 'null-co' }"
+
+echo
+echo '=== Testing fitting VMDK backing image ==='
+echo
+
+qemu_comm_method=monitor \
+    _launch_qemu -blockdev "$base_opts" -blockdev "$overlay_opts"
+
+# Should not return an error
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE 'qemu-io overlay "read 0 512"' 'ops'
+
+_cleanup_qemu
+
+
+echo
+echo '=== Testing unrelated VMDK backing image ==='
+echo
+
+qemu_comm_method=monitor \
+    _launch_qemu -blockdev "$not_base_opts" -blockdev "$overlay_opts"
+
+# Should fail (gracefully)
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE 'qemu-io overlay "read 0 512"' 'failed'
+
+_cleanup_qemu
+
+
+echo
+echo '=== Testing non-VMDK backing image ==='
+echo
+
+# FIXME: This is the reason why we have to use two -blockdev
+# invocations.  You can only fully override the backing file options
+# if you either specify a node reference (as done here) or the new
+# options contain file.filename (which in this case they do not).
+# In other cases, file.filename will be set to whatever the image
+# header of the overlay contains (which we do not want).  I consider
+# this a FIXME because with -blockdev, you cannot specify "partial"
+# options, so setting file.filename but leaving the rest as specified
+# by the user does not make sense.
+qemu_comm_method=monitor \
+    _launch_qemu -blockdev "$not_vmdk_opts" -blockdev "$overlay_opts"
+
+# Should fail (gracefully)
+_send_qemu_cmd $QEMU_HANDLE 'qemu-io overlay "read 0 512"' 'failed'
+
+_cleanup_qemu
+
+
+# success, all done
+echo "*** done"
+rm -f $seq.full
+status=0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc8ee282f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/225.out
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+QA output created by 225
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.not_base', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
+
+=== Testing fitting VMDK backing image ===
+
+QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
+(qemu) qemu-io overlay "read 0 512"
+read 512/512 bytes at offset 0
+512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+
+=== Testing unrelated VMDK backing image ===
+
+QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
+(qemu) qemu-io overlay "read 0 512"
+read failed: Invalid argument
+
+=== Testing non-VMDK backing image ===
+
+QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
+(qemu) qemu-io overlay "read 0 512"
+read failed: Invalid argument
+*** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/group b/tests/qemu-iotests/group
index af309ebba7..1c9f679821 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/group
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/group
@@ -222,3 +222,4 @@
 221 rw auto quick
 222 rw auto quick
 223 rw auto quick
+225 rw auto quick