2015-05-31 06:11:45 +00:00
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/*
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* internal execution defines for qemu
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*
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* Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
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*
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* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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2020-10-23 12:33:53 +00:00
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* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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2015-05-31 06:11:45 +00:00
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*
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* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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* Lesser General Public License for more details.
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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* License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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2016-06-29 11:47:03 +00:00
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#ifndef EXEC_TB_HASH_H
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#define EXEC_TB_HASH_H
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2015-05-31 06:11:45 +00:00
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2019-08-12 05:23:31 +00:00
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#include "exec/cpu-defs.h"
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#include "exec/exec-all.h"
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2018-10-20 22:49:53 +00:00
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#include "qemu/xxhash.h"
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2022-08-15 20:13:05 +00:00
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#include "tb-jmp-cache.h"
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tb hash: hash phys_pc, pc, and flags with xxhash
For some workloads such as arm bootup, tb_phys_hash is performance-critical.
The is due to the high frequency of accesses to the hash table, originated
by (frequent) TLB flushes that wipe out the cpu-private tb_jmp_cache's.
More info:
https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2016-03/msg05098.html
To dig further into this I modified an arm image booting debian jessie to
immediately shut down after boot. Analysis revealed that quite a bit of time
is unnecessarily spent in tb_phys_hash: the cause is poor hashing that
results in very uneven loading of chains in the hash table's buckets;
the longest observed chain had ~550 elements.
The appended addresses this with two changes:
1) Use xxhash as the hash table's hash function. xxhash is a fast,
high-quality hashing function.
2) Feed the hashing function with not just tb_phys, but also pc and flags.
This improves performance over using just tb_phys for hashing, since that
resulted in some hash buckets having many TB's, while others getting very few;
with these changes, the longest observed chain on a single hash bucket is
brought down from ~550 to ~40.
Tests show that the other element checked for in tb_find_physical,
cs_base, is always a match when tb_phys+pc+flags are a match,
so hashing cs_base is wasteful. It could be that this is an ARM-only
thing, though. UPDATE:
On Tue, Apr 05, 2016 at 08:41:43 -0700, Richard Henderson wrote:
> The cs_base field is only used by i386 (in 16-bit modes), and sparc (for a TB
> consisting of only a delay slot).
> It may well still turn out to be reasonable to ignore cs_base for hashing.
BTW, after this change the hash table should not be called "tb_hash_phys"
anymore; this is addressed later in this series.
This change gives consistent bootup time improvements. I tested two
host machines:
- Intel Xeon E5-2690: 11.6% less time
- Intel i7-4790K: 19.2% less time
Increasing the number of hash buckets yields further improvements. However,
using a larger, fixed number of buckets can degrade performance for other
workloads that do not translate as many blocks (600K+ for debian-jessie arm
bootup). This is dealt with later in this series.
Reviewed-by: Sergey Fedorov <sergey.fedorov@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Message-Id: <1465412133-3029-8-git-send-email-cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
2016-06-08 18:55:25 +00:00
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2017-04-27 03:29:24 +00:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_SOFTMMU
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2015-05-31 06:11:46 +00:00
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/* Only the bottom TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS of the jump cache hash bits vary for
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addresses on the same page. The top bits are the same. This allows
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TLB invalidation to quickly clear a subset of the hash table. */
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#define TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS (TB_JMP_CACHE_BITS / 2)
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#define TB_JMP_PAGE_SIZE (1 << TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS)
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#define TB_JMP_ADDR_MASK (TB_JMP_PAGE_SIZE - 1)
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#define TB_JMP_PAGE_MASK (TB_JMP_CACHE_SIZE - TB_JMP_PAGE_SIZE)
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2015-05-31 06:11:45 +00:00
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static inline unsigned int tb_jmp_cache_hash_page(target_ulong pc)
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{
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target_ulong tmp;
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tmp = pc ^ (pc >> (TARGET_PAGE_BITS - TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS));
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return (tmp >> (TARGET_PAGE_BITS - TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS)) & TB_JMP_PAGE_MASK;
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}
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static inline unsigned int tb_jmp_cache_hash_func(target_ulong pc)
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{
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target_ulong tmp;
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tmp = pc ^ (pc >> (TARGET_PAGE_BITS - TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS));
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return (((tmp >> (TARGET_PAGE_BITS - TB_JMP_PAGE_BITS)) & TB_JMP_PAGE_MASK)
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| (tmp & TB_JMP_ADDR_MASK));
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}
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2017-04-27 03:29:24 +00:00
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#else
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/* In user-mode we can get better hashing because we do not have a TLB */
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static inline unsigned int tb_jmp_cache_hash_func(target_ulong pc)
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{
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return (pc ^ (pc >> TB_JMP_CACHE_BITS)) & (TB_JMP_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
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}
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#endif /* CONFIG_SOFTMMU */
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tb hash: hash phys_pc, pc, and flags with xxhash
For some workloads such as arm bootup, tb_phys_hash is performance-critical.
The is due to the high frequency of accesses to the hash table, originated
by (frequent) TLB flushes that wipe out the cpu-private tb_jmp_cache's.
More info:
https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2016-03/msg05098.html
To dig further into this I modified an arm image booting debian jessie to
immediately shut down after boot. Analysis revealed that quite a bit of time
is unnecessarily spent in tb_phys_hash: the cause is poor hashing that
results in very uneven loading of chains in the hash table's buckets;
the longest observed chain had ~550 elements.
The appended addresses this with two changes:
1) Use xxhash as the hash table's hash function. xxhash is a fast,
high-quality hashing function.
2) Feed the hashing function with not just tb_phys, but also pc and flags.
This improves performance over using just tb_phys for hashing, since that
resulted in some hash buckets having many TB's, while others getting very few;
with these changes, the longest observed chain on a single hash bucket is
brought down from ~550 to ~40.
Tests show that the other element checked for in tb_find_physical,
cs_base, is always a match when tb_phys+pc+flags are a match,
so hashing cs_base is wasteful. It could be that this is an ARM-only
thing, though. UPDATE:
On Tue, Apr 05, 2016 at 08:41:43 -0700, Richard Henderson wrote:
> The cs_base field is only used by i386 (in 16-bit modes), and sparc (for a TB
> consisting of only a delay slot).
> It may well still turn out to be reasonable to ignore cs_base for hashing.
BTW, after this change the hash table should not be called "tb_hash_phys"
anymore; this is addressed later in this series.
This change gives consistent bootup time improvements. I tested two
host machines:
- Intel Xeon E5-2690: 11.6% less time
- Intel i7-4790K: 19.2% less time
Increasing the number of hash buckets yields further improvements. However,
using a larger, fixed number of buckets can degrade performance for other
workloads that do not translate as many blocks (600K+ for debian-jessie arm
bootup). This is dealt with later in this series.
Reviewed-by: Sergey Fedorov <sergey.fedorov@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Message-Id: <1465412133-3029-8-git-send-email-cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
2016-06-08 18:55:25 +00:00
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static inline
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tcg: remove the final vestiges of dstate
Now we no longer have dynamic state affecting things we can remove the
additional fields in cpu.h and simplify the TB hash calculation.
For the benchmark:
hyperfine -w 2 -m 20 \
"./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 \
-machine type=virt,highmem=off \
-display none -m 2048 \
-serial mon:stdio \
-netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet \
-device virtio-scsi-pci \
-blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf \
-device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 \
-kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage \
-append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' \
-snapshot"
It has a marginal effect on runtime, before:
Time (mean ± σ): 26.279 s ± 2.438 s [User: 41.113 s, System: 1.843 s]
Range (min … max): 24.420 s … 32.565 s 20 runs
after:
Time (mean ± σ): 24.440 s ± 2.885 s [User: 34.474 s, System: 2.028 s]
Range (min … max): 21.663 s … 29.937 s 20 runs
Resolves: https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1358
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20230526165401.574474-10-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Message-Id: <20230524133952.3971948-9-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
2023-05-26 16:53:59 +00:00
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uint32_t tb_hash_func(tb_page_addr_t phys_pc, target_ulong pc,
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accel/tcg: include cs_base in our hash calculations
We weren't using cs_base in the hash calculations before. Since the
arm front end moved a chunk of flags in a378206a20 (target/arm: Move
mode specific TB flags to tb->cs_base) they comprise of an important
part of the execution state.
Widen the tb_hash_func to include cs_base and expand to qemu_xxhash8()
to accommodate it.
My initial benchmark shows very little difference in the
runtime.
Before:
armhf
➜ hyperfine -w 2 -m 20 "./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 -machine type=virt,highmem=off -display none -m 2048 -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' -snapshot"
Benchmark 1: ./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 -machine type=virt,highmem=off -display none -m 2048 -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' -snapshot
Time (mean ± σ): 24.627 s ± 2.708 s [User: 34.309 s, System: 1.797 s]
Range (min … max): 22.345 s … 29.864 s 20 runs
arm64
➜ hyperfine -w 2 -n 20 "./qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu max,pauth-impdef=on -machine type=virt,virtualization=on,gic-version=3 -display none -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22,hostfwd=tcp::1234-:1234 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-arm64 -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel ~/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm64/arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark-pigz.service' -snapshot"
Benchmark 1: 20
Time (mean ± σ): 62.559 s ± 2.917 s [User: 189.115 s, System: 4.089 s]
Range (min … max): 59.997 s … 70.153 s 10 runs
After:
armhf
Benchmark 1: ./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 -machine type=virt,highmem=off -display none -m 2048 -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' -snapshot
Time (mean ± σ): 24.223 s ± 2.151 s [User: 34.284 s, System: 1.906 s]
Range (min … max): 22.000 s … 28.476 s 20 runs
arm64
hyperfine -w 2 -n 20 "./qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu max,pauth-impdef=on -machine type=virt,virtualization=on,gic-version=3 -display none -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22,hostfwd=tcp::1234-:1234 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-arm64 -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel ~/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm64/arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark-pigz.service' -snapshot"
Benchmark 1: 20
Time (mean ± σ): 62.769 s ± 1.978 s [User: 188.431 s, System: 5.269 s]
Range (min … max): 60.285 s … 66.868 s 10 runs
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20230526165401.574474-12-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Message-Id: <20230524133952.3971948-11-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
2023-05-26 16:54:01 +00:00
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uint32_t flags, uint64_t flags2, uint32_t cf_mask)
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2015-05-31 06:11:45 +00:00
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{
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accel/tcg: include cs_base in our hash calculations
We weren't using cs_base in the hash calculations before. Since the
arm front end moved a chunk of flags in a378206a20 (target/arm: Move
mode specific TB flags to tb->cs_base) they comprise of an important
part of the execution state.
Widen the tb_hash_func to include cs_base and expand to qemu_xxhash8()
to accommodate it.
My initial benchmark shows very little difference in the
runtime.
Before:
armhf
➜ hyperfine -w 2 -m 20 "./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 -machine type=virt,highmem=off -display none -m 2048 -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' -snapshot"
Benchmark 1: ./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 -machine type=virt,highmem=off -display none -m 2048 -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' -snapshot
Time (mean ± σ): 24.627 s ± 2.708 s [User: 34.309 s, System: 1.797 s]
Range (min … max): 22.345 s … 29.864 s 20 runs
arm64
➜ hyperfine -w 2 -n 20 "./qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu max,pauth-impdef=on -machine type=virt,virtualization=on,gic-version=3 -display none -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22,hostfwd=tcp::1234-:1234 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-arm64 -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel ~/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm64/arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark-pigz.service' -snapshot"
Benchmark 1: 20
Time (mean ± σ): 62.559 s ± 2.917 s [User: 189.115 s, System: 4.089 s]
Range (min … max): 59.997 s … 70.153 s 10 runs
After:
armhf
Benchmark 1: ./arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -cpu cortex-a15 -machine type=virt,highmem=off -display none -m 2048 -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-armhf -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel /home/alex/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm/arch/arm/boot/zImage -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark.service' -snapshot
Time (mean ± σ): 24.223 s ± 2.151 s [User: 34.284 s, System: 1.906 s]
Range (min … max): 22.000 s … 28.476 s 20 runs
arm64
hyperfine -w 2 -n 20 "./qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu max,pauth-impdef=on -machine type=virt,virtualization=on,gic-version=3 -display none -serial mon:stdio -netdev user,id=unet,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22,hostfwd=tcp::1234-:1234 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=unet -device virtio-scsi-pci -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=hd,discard=unmap,file.driver=host_device,file.filename=/dev/zen-disk/debian-bullseye-arm64 -device scsi-hd,drive=hd -smp 4 -kernel ~/lsrc/linux.git/builds/arm64/arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz -append 'console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda2 systemd.unit=benchmark-pigz.service' -snapshot"
Benchmark 1: 20
Time (mean ± σ): 62.769 s ± 1.978 s [User: 188.431 s, System: 5.269 s]
Range (min … max): 60.285 s … 66.868 s 10 runs
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20230526165401.574474-12-alex.bennee@linaro.org
Message-Id: <20230524133952.3971948-11-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
2023-05-26 16:54:01 +00:00
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return qemu_xxhash8(phys_pc, pc, flags2, flags, cf_mask);
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2015-05-31 06:11:45 +00:00
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}
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#endif
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