//============================================================================
//
//   SSSS    tt          lll  lll
//  SS  SS   tt           ll   ll
//  SS     tttttt  eeee   ll   ll   aaaa
//   SSSS    tt   ee  ee  ll   ll      aa
//      SS   tt   eeeeee  ll   ll   aaaaa  --  "An Atari 2600 VCS Emulator"
//  SS  SS   tt   ee      ll   ll  aa  aa
//   SSSS     ttt  eeeee llll llll  aaaaa
//
// Copyright (c) 1995-2019 by Bradford W. Mott, Stephen Anthony
// and the Stella Team
//
// See the file "License.txt" for information on usage and redistribution of
// this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
//============================================================================

#include "System.hxx"
#include "TIA.hxx"
#include "CartDASH.hxx"

//  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CartridgeDASH::CartridgeDASH(const ByteBuffer& image, size_t size,
                             const string& md5, const Settings& settings)
  : Cartridge(settings, md5),
    mySize(size)
{
  // Allocate array for the ROM image
  myImage = make_unique<uInt8[]>(mySize);

  // Copy the ROM image into my buffer
  std::copy_n(image.get(), mySize, myImage.get());
  createCodeAccessBase(mySize + myRAM.size());
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDASH::reset()
{
  initializeRAM(myRAM.data(), myRAM.size());

  // Remember startup bank (0 per spec, rather than last per 3E scheme).
  // Set this to go to 3rd 1K Bank.
  initializeStartBank(0);

  // Initialise bank values for all ROM/RAM access
  // This is used to reverse-lookup from address to bank location
  for(uInt32 b = 0; b < 8; ++b)
  {
    bankInUse[b] = BANK_UNDEFINED;        // bank is undefined and inaccessible!
    segmentInUse[b/2] = BANK_UNDEFINED;
  }
  initializeBankState();

  // We'll map the startup banks 0 and 3 from the image into the third 1K bank upon reset
  bankROM((0 << BANK_BITS) | 0);
  bankROM((3 << BANK_BITS) | 0);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDASH::install(System& system)
{
  mySystem = &system;

  System::PageAccess access(this, System::PageAccessType::READWRITE);

  // The hotspots are in TIA address space, so we claim it here
  for (uInt16 addr = 0x00; addr < 0x40; addr += System::PAGE_SIZE)
    mySystem->setPageAccess(addr, access);

  // Initialise bank values for all ROM/RAM access
  // This is used to reverse-lookup from address to bank location
  for (uInt32 b = 0; b < 8; ++b)
  {
    bankInUse[b] = BANK_UNDEFINED;        // bank is undefined and inaccessible!
    segmentInUse[b/2] = BANK_UNDEFINED;
  }
  initializeBankState();

  // Setup the last segment (of 4, each 1K) to point to the first ROM slice
  // Actually we DO NOT want "always". It's just on bootup, and can be out switched later
  bankROM((0 << BANK_BITS) | 0);
  bankROM((3 << BANK_BITS) | 0);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
uInt8 CartridgeDASH::peek(uInt16 address)
{
  uInt16 peekAddress = address;
  address &= 0x0FFF;    // restrict to 4K address range

  uInt8 value = 0;
  uInt32 bank = (address >> (ROM_BANK_TO_POWER - 1)) & 7;   // convert to 512 byte bank index (0-7)
  uInt16 imageBank = bankInUse[bank];                       // the ROM/RAM bank that's here

  if(imageBank == BANK_UNDEFINED)            // an uninitialised bank?
  {
    // accessing invalid bank, so return should be... random?
    value = mySystem->randGenerator().next();

  }
  else if(imageBank & BITMASK_ROMRAM)        // a RAM bank
  {
    Int32 ramBank = imageBank & BIT_BANK_MASK;    // discard irrelevant bits
    Int32 offset = ramBank << RAM_BANK_TO_POWER;  // base bank address in RAM
    offset += (address & BITMASK_RAM_BANK);       // + byte offset in RAM bank

    return peekRAM(myRAM[offset], peekAddress);
  }

  return value;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDASH::poke(uInt16 address, uInt8 value)
{
  bool changed = false;

  // Check for write to the bank switch address. RAM/ROM and bank # are encoded in 'value'
  // There are NO mirrored hotspots.

  if (address == BANK_SWITCH_HOTSPOT_RAM)
    changed = bankRAM(value);
  else if (address == BANK_SWITCH_HOTSPOT_ROM)
    changed = bankROM(value);

  if(!(address & 0x1000))
  {
    // Handle TIA space that we claimed above
    changed = changed || mySystem->tia().poke(address, value);
  }
  else
  {
    uInt32 bankNumber = (address >> RAM_BANK_TO_POWER) & 7;   // now 512 byte bank # (ie: 0-7)
    Int16 whichBankIsThere = bankInUse[bankNumber];           // ROM or RAM bank reference

    if(whichBankIsThere & BITMASK_ROMRAM)
    {
      uInt32 byteOffset = address & BITMASK_RAM_BANK;
      uInt32 baseAddress = ((whichBankIsThere & BIT_BANK_MASK) << RAM_BANK_TO_POWER) + byteOffset;
      pokeRAM(myRAM[baseAddress], address, value);
      changed = true;
    }
  }

  return changed;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDASH::bankRAM(uInt8 bank)
{
  if (bankLocked())  // debugger can lock RAM
    return false;

  // Each RAM bank uses two slots, separated by 0x800 in memory -- one read, one write.
  bankRAMSlot(bank | BITMASK_ROMRAM | 0);
  bankRAMSlot(bank | BITMASK_ROMRAM | BITMASK_LOWERUPPER);

  // Remember that this hotspot was accessed for RAM
  segmentInUse[(bank >> BANK_BITS) & 3] = bank | BITMASK_ROMRAM;

  return myBankChanged = true;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDASH::bankRAMSlot(uInt16 bank)
{
  uInt16 bankNumber = (bank >> BANK_BITS) & 3;  // which bank # we are switching TO (BITS D6,D7) to 512 byte block
  uInt16 currentBank = bank & BIT_BANK_MASK;    // Wrap around/restrict to valid range
  bool upper = bank & BITMASK_LOWERUPPER;       // is this the read or write port

  uInt32 startCurrentBank = currentBank << RAM_BANK_TO_POWER;  // Effectively * 512 bytes

  // Setup the page access methods for the current bank
  System::PageAccess access(this, System::PageAccessType::READ);

  if(upper)    // We're mapping the write port
  {
    bankInUse[bankNumber + 4] = Int16(bank);
    access.type = System::PageAccessType::WRITE;
  }
  else         // We're mapping the read port
  {
    bankInUse[bankNumber] = Int16(bank);
    access.type = System::PageAccessType::READ;
  }

  uInt16 start = 0x1000 + (bankNumber << RAM_BANK_TO_POWER) + (upper ? RAM_WRITE_OFFSET : 0);
  uInt16 end = start + RAM_BANK_SIZE - 1;

  for (uInt16 addr = start; addr <= end; addr += System::PAGE_SIZE)
  {
    if(!upper)
      access.directPeekBase = &myRAM[startCurrentBank + (addr & (RAM_BANK_SIZE - 1))];

    access.codeAccessBase = &myCodeAccessBase[mySize + startCurrentBank + (addr & (RAM_BANK_SIZE - 1))];
    mySystem->setPageAccess(addr, access);
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDASH::bankROM(uInt8 bank)
{
  if (bankLocked())  // debugger can lock ROM
    return false;

  // Map ROM bank image into the system into the correct slot
  // Memory map is 1K slots at 0x1000, 0x1400, 0x1800, 0x1C00
  // Each ROM uses 2 consecutive 512 byte slots
  bankROMSlot(bank | 0);
  bankROMSlot(bank | BITMASK_LOWERUPPER);

  // Remember that this hotspot was accessed for ROM
  segmentInUse[(bank >> BANK_BITS) & 3] = bank;

  return myBankChanged = true;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDASH::bankROMSlot(uInt16 bank)
{
  uInt16 bankNumber = (bank >> BANK_BITS) & 3;    // which bank # we are switching TO (BITS D6,D7)
  uInt16 currentBank = bank & BIT_BANK_MASK;      // Wrap around/restrict to valid range
  bool upper = bank & BITMASK_LOWERUPPER;         // is this the lower or upper 512b

  bankInUse[bankNumber * 2 + (upper ? 1 : 0)] = Int16(bank); // Record which bank switched in (as ROM)

  uInt32 startCurrentBank = currentBank << ROM_BANK_TO_POWER;     // Effectively *1K

  // Setup the page access methods for the current bank
  System::PageAccess access(this, System::PageAccessType::READ);

  uInt16 start = 0x1000 + (bankNumber << ROM_BANK_TO_POWER) + (upper ? ROM_BANK_SIZE / 2 : 0);
  uInt16 end = start + ROM_BANK_SIZE / 2 - 1;

  for (uInt16 addr = start; addr <= end; addr += System::PAGE_SIZE)
  {
    access.directPeekBase = &myImage[startCurrentBank + (addr & (ROM_BANK_SIZE - 1))];
    access.codeAccessBase = &myCodeAccessBase[startCurrentBank + (addr & (ROM_BANK_SIZE - 1))];
    mySystem->setPageAccess(addr, access);
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
void CartridgeDASH::initializeBankState()
{
  // Switch in each 512b slot
  for(uInt32 b = 0; b < 8; ++b)
  {
    if(bankInUse[b] == BANK_UNDEFINED)
    {
      // All accesses point to peek/poke above
      System::PageAccess access(this, System::PageAccessType::READ);
      uInt16 start = 0x1000 + (b << RAM_BANK_TO_POWER);
      uInt16 end = start + RAM_BANK_SIZE - 1;
      for (uInt16 addr = start; addr <= end; addr += System::PAGE_SIZE)
        mySystem->setPageAccess(addr, access);
    }
    else if (bankInUse[b] & BITMASK_ROMRAM)
      bankRAMSlot(bankInUse[b]);
    else
      bankROMSlot(bankInUse[b]);
  }
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDASH::patch(uInt16 address, uInt8 value)
{
#if 0
  // Patch the cartridge ROM (for debugger)

  myBankChanged = true;

  uInt32 bankNumber = (address >> RAM_BANK_TO_POWER) & 7;   // now 512 byte bank # (ie: 0-7)
  Int16 whichBankIsThere = bankInUse[bankNumber];           // ROM or RAM bank reference

  if (whichBankIsThere == BANK_UNDEFINED) {

    // We're trying to access undefined memory (no bank here yet). Fail!
    myBankChanged = false;

  } else if (whichBankIsThere & BITMASK_ROMRAM) { // patching RAM (512 byte banks)

    uInt32 byteOffset = address & BITMASK_RAM_BANK;
    uInt32 baseAddress = ((whichBankIsThere & BIT_BANK_MASK) << RAM_BANK_TO_POWER) + byteOffset;
    myRAM[baseAddress] = value;     // write to RAM

    // TODO: Stephen -- should we set 'myBankChanged' true when there's a RAM write?

  } else {  // patching ROM (1K banks)

    uInt32 byteOffset = address & BITMASK_ROM_BANK;
    uInt32 baseAddress = (whichBankIsThere << ROM_BANK_TO_POWER) + byteOffset;
    myImage[baseAddress] = value;   // write to the image
  }

  return myBankChanged;
#else
  return false;
#endif
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
const uInt8* CartridgeDASH::getImage(size_t& size) const
{
  size = mySize;
  return myImage.get();
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDASH::save(Serializer& out) const
{
  try
  {
    out.putShortArray(bankInUse.data(), bankInUse.size());
    out.putShortArray(segmentInUse.data(), segmentInUse.size());
    out.putByteArray(myRAM.data(), myRAM.size());
  }
  catch (...)
  {
    cerr << "ERROR: CartridgeDASH::save" << endl;
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bool CartridgeDASH::load(Serializer& in)
{
  try
  {
    in.getShortArray(bankInUse.data(), bankInUse.size());
    in.getShortArray(segmentInUse.data(), segmentInUse.size());
    in.getByteArray(myRAM.data(), myRAM.size());
  }
  catch (...)
  {
    cerr << "ERROR: CartridgeDASH::load" << endl;
    return false;
  }

  initializeBankState();
  return true;
}