experimenting with not clearing the framebuffer during emulation

added rounded bezel auto-detection and handling

src/common/Bezel.cxx

@@ -63,6 +63,19 @@ const string Bezel::getName(int& index) const
   return "";
 }
 
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+bool Bezel::checkPixel(uInt32 x, uInt32 y) const
+{
+  uInt32 *pixels{nullptr}, pitch;
+  uInt8 r, g, b, a;
+
+  mySurface->basePtr(pixels, pitch);
+  pixels += x + y * pitch;
+  myFB.getRGBA(*pixels, &r, &g, &b, &a);
+
+  return a != 0; // pixel is not fully transparent
+}
+
 // - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 uInt32 Bezel::borderSize(uInt32 x, uInt32 y, uInt32 size, Int32 step) const
 {
@@ -136,6 +149,7 @@ bool Bezel::load()
     const Int32 w = mySurface->width();
     const Int32 h = mySurface->height();
     uInt32 top, bottom, left, right;
+    bool isRounded;
 
     if(settings.getBool("bezel.win.auto"))
     {
@@ -148,6 +162,12 @@ bool Bezel::load()
       yCenter = (bottom + top) >> 1;
       left = borderSize(0, yCenter, w, 1);
       right = w - 1 - borderSize(w - 1, yCenter, w, -1);
+
+      // Check if pixels close to the borders are not fully transparent
+      isRounded = checkPixel(left + w / 100, top + h / 100)
+        || checkPixel(right - w / 100, top + h / 100)
+        || checkPixel(left + w / 100, bottom - h / 100)
+        || checkPixel(right - w / 100, bottom - h / 100);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -159,14 +179,15 @@ bool Bezel::load()
       right  = w - 1 - std::min(w - 1, static_cast<Int32>(w * settings.getInt("bezel.win.right")  / 100. + .5));
       top    = std::min(h - 1,         static_cast<Int32>(h * settings.getInt("bezel.win.top")    / 100. + .5));
       bottom = h - 1 - std::min(h - 1, static_cast<Int32>(h * settings.getInt("bezel.win.bottom") / 100. + .5));
+      isRounded = settings.getBool("bezel.win.rounded");
     }
 
     //cerr << (int)(right - left + 1) << " x " << (int)(bottom - top + 1) << " = "
-    //  << double((int)(right - left + 1)) / double((int)(bottom - top + 1));
+    //  << double((int)(right - left + 1)) / double((int)(bottom - top + 1)) << endl;
 
     // Disable bezel is no transparent window was found
     if (left < right && top < bottom)
-      myInfo = Info(Common::Size(w, h), Common::Rect(left, top, right, bottom));
+      myInfo = Info(Common::Size(w, h), Common::Rect(left, top, right + 1, bottom + 1), isRounded);
     else
       myInfo = Info();
   }
@@ -188,6 +209,11 @@ void Bezel::apply()
       std::min(myFB.screenSize().h,
       static_cast<uInt32>(std::round(myFB.imageRect().h() * myInfo.ratioH())));
 
+    //cerr << myInfo.ratioW() << ", " << myInfo.ratioH() << endl;
+    //cerr << myInfo.size() << "; " << myInfo.window() << endl;
+    //cerr << myFB.imageRect().size() << "; " << std::round(imageW * myInfo.ratioW()) << endl;
+    //cerr << "dbl: " << bezelW << " x " << bezelH << endl;
+
     // Position and scale bezel
     mySurface->setDstSize(bezelW, bezelH);
     mySurface->setDstPos((myFB.screenSize().w - bezelW) / 2, // center
@@ -204,11 +230,22 @@ void Bezel::apply()
   else
     if(mySurface)
       mySurface->setVisible(false);
+
+  // If the bezel window is not rounded, it has to be rendered only once for each buffer
+  if(mySurface && !myInfo.isRounded())
+    myRenderCount = 2; // double buffering
 }
 
 // - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-void Bezel::render()
+void Bezel::render(bool force)
 {
-  if(mySurface)
+  if(myRenderCount)
+  {
+    force = true;
+    myRenderCount--;
+  }
+
+  // Only bezels with rounded windows have to be rendered each frame
+  if(mySurface && (myInfo.isRounded() || force))
     mySurface->render();
 }

src/common/Bezel.hxx

@@ -65,15 +65,17 @@ class Bezel
       bool _isShown{false};       // Is bezel shown?
       Common::Size _size{1, 1};   // Bezel size
       Common::Rect _window{1, 1}; // Area of transparent TIA window inside bezel
+      bool _isRounded{false};     // true, if the bezel window has rounded corners
 
   public:
       explicit Info() = default;
-      explicit Info(Common::Size size, Common::Rect window)
+      explicit Info(const Common::Size& size, const Common::Rect& window, bool isRounded)
-        : _isShown{true}, _size{size}, _window{window} { }
+        : _isShown{true}, _size{size}, _window{window}, _isRounded{isRounded} { }
 
       bool isShown() const { return _isShown; }
-      Common::Size size() const { return _size; }
+      const Common::Size& size() const { return _size; }
-      Common::Rect window() const { return _window; }
+      const Common::Rect& window() const { return _window; }
+      bool isRounded() const { return _isRounded; }
 
       // Ratios between bezel sizes and TIA window sizes
       double ratioW() const { return static_cast<double>(size().w) / window().w(); }
@@ -83,12 +85,20 @@ class Bezel
     // Structure access methods
     const Info& info() const { return myInfo; }
     bool isShown() const { return myInfo.isShown(); }
-    Common::Size size() const { return myInfo.size(); }
+    const Common::Size& size() const { return myInfo.size(); }
-    Common::Rect window() const { return myInfo.window(); }
+    const Common::Rect& window() const { return myInfo.window(); }
+    bool isRounded() const { return myInfo.isRounded(); }
     // Ratio between bezel size and TIA window size
     double ratioW() const { return myInfo.ratioW(); }
     double ratioH() const { return myInfo.ratioH(); }
 
+    /*
+      Check if a pixel is not fully transparent.
+
+      @return  true, if pixel is not fully transparent
+    */
+    bool checkPixel(uInt32 x, uInt32 y) const;
+
     /*
       Calculate size of a bezel border.
     */
@@ -107,7 +117,7 @@ class Bezel
     /*
       Render bezel surface
     */
-    void render();
+    void render(bool force);
 
   private:
     /*
@@ -125,6 +135,8 @@ class Bezel
     // The bezel surface which blends over the TIA surface
     shared_ptr<FBSurface> mySurface;
 
+    uInt32 myRenderCount{0};
+
     // Bezel info structure
     Info myInfo;
 

src/common/VideoModeHandler.cxx

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ const VideoModeHandler::Mode&
       // First calculate maximum zoom that keeps aspect ratio
       const double scaleX = static_cast<double>(myImage.w) / (myDisplay.w / bezelInfo.ratioW()),
                    scaleY = static_cast<double>(myImage.h) / (myDisplay.h / bezelInfo.ratioH());
+      // Note: Since the scale value may differ, the bezel may not be scaled to fully size.
+      //       One value might be tiny bit smaller.
       double zoom = 1. / std::max(scaleX, scaleY);
 
       // When aspect ratio correction is off, we want pixel-exact images,
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ VideoModeHandler::Mode::Mode(uInt32 iw, uInt32 ih, uInt32 sw, uInt32 sh,
   : screenS{sw, sh},
     stretch{smode},
     description{desc},
-    zoom{zoomLevel}, //hZoom{zoomLevel}, vZoom{zoomLevel},
+    zoom{zoomLevel},
     fsIndex{fsindex}
 {
   // Now resize based on windowed/fullscreen mode and stretch factor

src/emucore/FrameBuffer.cxx

@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ void FrameBuffer::updateInEmulationMode(float framesPerSecond)
   // We don't worry about selective rendering here; the rendering
   // always happens at the full framerate
 
-  renderTIA();
+  renderTIA(false);
 
   // Show frame statistics
   if(myStatsMsg.enabled)
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ void FrameBuffer::renderTIA(bool doClear, bool shade)
 
   myTIASurface->render(shade);
   if(myBezel)
-    myBezel->render();
+    myBezel->render(doClear); // force rendering if framebuffer was cleared
 }
 
 // - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

src/emucore/Settings.cxx

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ Settings::Settings()
   setPermanent("bezel.win.right", "12");
   setPermanent("bezel.win.top", "0");
   setPermanent("bezel.win.bottom", "0");
+  setPermanent("bezel.win.rounded", "false");
   // TIA specific options
   setPermanent("tia.inter", "false");
   setPermanent("tia.zoom", "3");
@@ -547,13 +548,14 @@ void Settings::usage()
     << "  -uimessages      <1|0>         Show onscreen UI messages for different events\n"
     << "  -pausedim        <1|0>         Enable emulation dimming in pause mode\n"
     << endl
-    << "  -bezel.show        <1|0>       Show bezel around emulation window\n"
+    << "  -bezel.show         <1|0>      Show bezel around emulation window\n"
-    << "  -bezel.windowed    <1|0>       Show bezel in windowed modes\n"
+    << "  -bezel.windowed     <1|0>      Show bezel in windowed modes\n"
-    << "  -bezel.win.auto    <1|0>       Automatically set bezel window position\n"
+    << "  -bezel.win.auto     <1|0>      Automatically set bezel window position\n"
-    << "  -bezel.win.left    <0-40>      Set left bezel window position [%]\n"
+    << "  -bezel.win.left     <0-40>     Set left bezel window position [%]\n"
-    << "  -bezel.win.right   <0-40>      Set right bezel window position [%]\n"
+    << "  -bezel.win.right    <0-40>     Set right bezel window position [%]\n"
-    << "  -bezel.win.top     <0-40>      Set top bezel window position [%]\n"
+    << "  -bezel.win.top      <0-40>     Set top bezel window position [%]\n"
-    << "  -bezel.win.bottom  <0-40>      Set bottom bezel window position [%]\n"
+    << "  -bezel.win.bottom   <0-40>     Set bottom bezel window position [%]\n"
+    << "  -bezel.win.rounded  <1|0>      Set if the bezel window has rounded borders\n"
     << endl
   #ifdef SOUND_SUPPORT
     << "  -audio.enabled            <1|0>      Enable audio\n"

src/gui/VideoAudioDialog.cxx

@@ -519,6 +519,13 @@ void VideoAudioDialog::addBezelTab()
   myWinBottomSlider->setTickmarkIntervals(4);
   wid.push_back(myWinBottomSlider);
 
+  // Mark bezel windows as rounded (requires rendering each frame)
+  ypos += lineHeight + VGAP;
+  myBezelWinRounded = new CheckboxWidget(myTab, _font, xpos, ypos,
+                                        "Rounded borders");
+  myBezelWinRounded->setToolTip("Enable if the bezel window has rounded borders");
+  wid.push_back(myBezelWinRounded);
+
   // Add items for tab 4
   addToFocusList(wid, myTab, tabID);
 
@@ -775,6 +782,7 @@ void VideoAudioDialog::loadConfig()
   myWinRightSlider->setValue(settings.getInt("bezel.win.right"));
   myWinTopSlider->setValue(settings.getInt("bezel.win.top"));
   myWinBottomSlider->setValue(settings.getInt("bezel.win.bottom"));
+  myBezelWinRounded->setState(settings.getBool("bezel.win.rounded"));
   handleBezelChange();
 
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -910,6 +918,7 @@ void VideoAudioDialog::saveConfig()
   settings.setValue("bezel.win.right", myWinRightSlider->getValueLabel());
   settings.setValue("bezel.win.top", myWinTopSlider->getValueLabel());
   settings.setValue("bezel.win.bottom", myWinBottomSlider->getValueLabel());
+  settings.setValue("bezel.win.rounded", myBezelWinRounded->getState());
 
   // Note: The following has to happen after all video related setting have been saved
   if(instance().hasConsole())
@@ -1228,6 +1237,7 @@ void VideoAudioDialog::handleBezelChange()
   myWinRightSlider->setEnabled(enable && nonAuto);
   myWinTopSlider->setEnabled(enable && nonAuto);
   myWinBottomSlider->setEnabled(enable && nonAuto);
+  myBezelWinRounded->setEnabled(enable && nonAuto);
 }
 
 // - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

src/gui/VideoAudioDialog.hxx

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ class VideoAudioDialog : public Dialog
     SliderWidget*     myWinRightSlider{nullptr};
     SliderWidget*     myWinTopSlider{nullptr};
     SliderWidget*     myWinBottomSlider{nullptr};
+    CheckboxWidget*   myBezelWinRounded{nullptr};
 
     // Audio
     CheckboxWidget*   mySoundEnableCheckbox{nullptr};

test/bezels/readme.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+The bezels test some features of Stella's bezel code:
+
+- Combat uses a rounded bezel, this should be autodetected and the bezel rendered each frame
+- River Raid uses a non-rounded bezel, this should be autodetected and the bezel rendered only when loading it
+- default should be used a fallback for all games, it has wide borders and tests the correct window position and the scaling