GBA Video: New GL palette approach, no more batch splitting on palette edits

CHANGES

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ Misc:
  - GBA BIOS: Division by zero should emit a FATAL error
  - GBA Video: Convert OpenGL VRAM texture to integer
  - GBA Video: Skip attempting to render offscreen sprites in OpenGL
+ - GBA Video: New GL palette approach, no more batch splitting on palette edits
  - Debugger: Keep track of global cycle count
  - FFmpeg: Add looping option for GIF/APNG
  - mGUI: Show battery percentage

include/mgba/internal/gba/renderers/gl.h

@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ enum {
 	GBA_GL_TEX_OBJ_COLOR = 0,
 	GBA_GL_TEX_OBJ_FLAGS,
 	GBA_GL_TEX_OBJ_DEPTH,
-	GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP_COLOR,
-	GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP_FLAGS,
+	GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP,
 	GBA_GL_TEX_WINDOW,
 	GBA_GL_TEX_MAX
 };
@@ -121,8 +120,8 @@ enum {
 	GBA_GL_FINALIZE_LAYERS,
 	GBA_GL_FINALIZE_FLAGS,
 	GBA_GL_FINALIZE_WINDOW,
+	GBA_GL_FINALIZE_PALETTE,
 	GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROP,
-	GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROPFLAGS,
 
 	GBA_GL_UNIFORM_MAX = 14
 };
@@ -150,7 +149,10 @@ struct GBAVideoGLRenderer {
 
 	GLuint outputTex;
 
-	GLint shadowPalette[512];
+	GLuint paletteTex;
+	uint16_t shadowPalette[GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS][512];
+	int nextPalette;
+	int lastPalette;
 	bool paletteDirty;
 
 	GLuint vramTex;

src/gba/renderers/gl.c

@@ -82,29 +82,25 @@ static const char* const _vertexShader =
 	"}";
 
 static const char* const _renderTile16 =
-	"vec4 renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord) {\n"
+	"int renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord) {\n"
 	"	int address = charBase + tile * 16 + (localCoord.x >> 2) + (localCoord.y << 1);\n"
 	"	int halfrow = texelFetch(vram, ivec2(address & 255, address >> 8), 0).r;\n"
 	"	int entry = (halfrow >> (4 * (localCoord.x & 3))) & 15;\n"
 	"	if (entry == 0) {\n"
 	"		discard;\n"
 	"	}\n"
-	"	int paletteEntry = palette[paletteId * 16 + entry];\n"
-	"	vec4 color = vec4(PALETTE_ENTRY(paletteEntry), 1.);\n"
-	"	return color;\n"
+	"	return paletteId * 16 + entry;\n"
 	"}";
 
 static const char* const _renderTile256 =
-	"vec4 renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord) {\n"
+	"int renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord) {\n"
 	"	int address = charBase + tile * 32 + (localCoord.x >> 1) + (localCoord.y << 2);\n"
 	"	int halfrow = texelFetch(vram, ivec2(address & 255, address >> 8), 0).r;\n"
 	"	int entry = (halfrow >> (8 * (localCoord.x & 1))) & 255;\n"
 	"	if (entry == 0) {\n"
 	"		discard;\n"
 	"	}\n"
-	"	int paletteEntry = palette[entry];\n"
-	"	vec4 color = vec4(PALETTE_ENTRY(paletteEntry), 1.);\n"
-	"	return color;\n"
+	"	return entry;\n"
 	"}";
 
 static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsMode0[] = {
@@ -123,7 +119,7 @@ static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsMode0[] = {
 static const char* const _renderMode0 =
 	"in vec2 texCoord;\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D vram;\n"
-	"uniform int palette[256];\n"
+	"uniform sampler2D palette;\n"
 	"uniform int screenBase;\n"
 	"uniform int charBase;\n"
 	"uniform int size;\n"
@@ -131,7 +127,7 @@ static const char* const _renderMode0 =
 	"uniform ivec2 mosaic;\n"
 	"OUT(0) out vec4 color;\n"
 
-	"vec4 renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord);\n"
+	"int renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord);\n"
 
 	"void main() {\n"
 	"	ivec2 coord = ivec2(texCoord);\n"
@@ -165,18 +161,19 @@ static const char* const _renderMode0 =
 	"		coord.y ^= 7;\n"
 	"	}\n"
 	"	int tile = map & 1023;\n"
-	"	color = renderTile(tile, map >> 12, coord & 7);\n"
+	"	int paletteEntry = renderTile(tile, map >> 12, coord & 7);\n"
+	"	color = texelFetch(palette, ivec2(paletteEntry, int(texCoord.y)), 0);\n"
 	"}";
 
 static const char* const _fetchTileOverflow =
-	"vec4 fetchTile(ivec2 coord) {\n"
+	"int fetchTile(ivec2 coord) {\n"
 	"	int sizeAdjusted = (0x8000 << size) - 1;\n"
 	"	coord &= sizeAdjusted;\n"
 	"	return renderTile(coord);\n"
 	"}";
 
 static const char* const _fetchTileNoOverflow =
-	"vec4 fetchTile(ivec2 coord) {\n"
+	"int fetchTile(ivec2 coord) {\n"
 	"	int sizeAdjusted = (0x8000 << size) - 1;\n"
 	"	ivec2 outerCoord = coord & ~sizeAdjusted;\n"
 	"	if ((outerCoord.x | outerCoord.y) != 0) {\n"
@@ -224,7 +221,7 @@ static const char* const _interpolate =
 static const char* const _renderMode2 =
 	"in vec2 texCoord;\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D vram;\n"
-	"uniform int palette[256];\n"
+	"uniform sampler2D palette;\n"
 	"uniform int screenBase;\n"
 	"uniform int charBase;\n"
 	"uniform int size;\n"
@@ -233,11 +230,11 @@ static const char* const _renderMode2 =
 	"uniform ivec2 mosaic;\n"
 	"OUT(0) out vec4 color;\n"
 
-	"vec4 fetchTile(ivec2 coord);\n"
+	"int fetchTile(ivec2 coord);\n"
 	"vec2 interpolate(ivec2 arr[4], float x);\n"
 	"void loadAffine(int y, out ivec2 mat[4], out ivec2 aff[4]);\n"
 
-	"vec4 renderTile(ivec2 coord) {\n"
+	"int renderTile(ivec2 coord) {\n"
 	"	int map = (coord.x >> 11) + (((coord.y >> 7) & 0x7F0) << size);\n"
 	"	int mapAddress = screenBase + (map >> 1);\n"
 	"	int twomaps = texelFetch(vram, ivec2(mapAddress & 255, mapAddress >> 8), 0).r;\n"
@@ -248,9 +245,7 @@ static const char* const _renderMode2 =
 	"	if (entry == 0) {\n"
 	"		discard;\n"
 	"	}\n"
-	"	int paletteEntry = palette[entry];\n"
-	"	vec4 color = vec4(PALETTE_ENTRY(paletteEntry), 1.);\n"
-	"	return color;\n"
+	"	return entry;\n"
 	"}\n"
 
 	"void main() {\n"
@@ -273,7 +268,8 @@ static const char* const _renderMode2 =
 	"	float lin = start + y * 0.25;\n"
 	"	vec2 mixedTransform = interpolate(mat, lin);\n"
 	"	vec2 mixedOffset = interpolate(offset, lin);\n"
-	"	color = fetchTile(ivec2(mixedTransform * incoord.x + mixedOffset));\n"
+	"	int paletteEntry = fetchTile(ivec2(mixedTransform * incoord.x + mixedOffset));\n"
+	"	color = texelFetch(palette, ivec2(paletteEntry, int(texCoord.y)), 0);\n"
 	"}";
 
 static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsMode35[] = {
@@ -351,7 +347,7 @@ static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsMode4[] = {
 static const char* const _renderMode4 =
 	"in vec2 texCoord;\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D vram;\n"
-	"uniform int palette[256];\n"
+	"uniform sampler2D palette;\n"
 	"uniform int charBase;\n"
 	"uniform ivec2 size;\n"
 	"uniform ivec4 transform[160];\n"
@@ -395,8 +391,7 @@ static const char* const _renderMode4 =
 	"	if (entry == 0) {\n"
 	"		discard;\n"
 	"	}\n"
-	"	int paletteEntry = palette[entry];\n"
-	"	color = vec4(PALETTE_ENTRY(paletteEntry), 1.);\n"
+	"	color = texelFetch(palette, ivec2(entry, int(texCoord.y)), 0);\n"
 	"}";
 
 static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsObj[] = {
@@ -419,7 +414,7 @@ static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsObj[] = {
 static const char* const _renderObj =
 	"in vec2 texCoord;\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D vram;\n"
-	"uniform int palette[256];\n"
+	"uniform sampler2D palette;\n"
 	"uniform int charBase;\n"
 	"uniform int stride;\n"
 	"uniform int localPalette;\n"
@@ -433,7 +428,7 @@ static const char* const _renderObj =
 	"OUT(1) out ivec4 flags;\n"
 	"OUT(2) out ivec4 window;\n"
 
-	"vec4 renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord);\n"
+	"int renderTile(int tile, int paletteId, ivec2 localCoord);\n"
 
 	"void main() {\n"
 	"	vec2 incoord = texCoord;\n"
@@ -455,8 +450,8 @@ static const char* const _renderObj =
 	"	if ((coord & ~(dims.xy - 1)) != ivec2(0, 0)) {\n"
 	"		discard;\n"
 	"	}\n"
-	"	vec4 pix = renderTile((coord.x >> 3) + (coord.y >> 3) * stride, localPalette, coord & 7);\n"
-	"	color = pix;\n"
+	"	int paletteEntry = renderTile((coord.x >> 3) + (coord.y >> 3) * stride, localPalette, coord & 7);\n"
+	"	color = texelFetch(palette, ivec2(paletteEntry + 256, coord.y), 0);\n"
 	"	flags = inflags;\n"
 	"	gl_FragDepth = float(flags.x) / 16.;\n"
 	"	window = ivec4(objwin, 0);\n"
@@ -551,8 +546,8 @@ static const struct GBAVideoGLUniform _uniformsFinalize[] = {
 	{ "layers", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_LAYERS, },
 	{ "objFlags", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_FLAGS, },
 	{ "window", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_WINDOW, },
-	{ "backdrop", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROP, },
-	{ "backdropFlags", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROPFLAGS, },
+	{ "palette", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_PALETTE, },
+	{ "backdropFlags", GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROP, },
 	{ 0 }
 };
 
@@ -562,7 +557,7 @@ static const char* const _finalize =
 	"uniform sampler2D layers[5];\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D objFlags;\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D window;\n"
-	"uniform sampler2D backdrop;\n"
+	"uniform sampler2D palette;\n"
 	"uniform isampler2D backdropFlags;\n"
 	"out vec4 color;\n"
 
@@ -582,7 +577,7 @@ static const char* const _finalize =
 	"}\n"
 
 	"void main() {\n"
-	"	vec4 topPixel = texelFetch(backdrop, ivec2(0, texCoord.y), 0);\n"
+	"	vec4 topPixel = texelFetch(palette, ivec2(0, texCoord.y), 0);\n"
 	"	vec4 bottomPixel = topPixel;\n"
 	"	ivec4 topFlags = ivec4(texelFetch(backdropFlags, ivec2(0, texCoord.y), 0));\n"
 	"	ivec4 bottomFlags = topFlags;\n"
@@ -745,8 +740,7 @@ static void _initFramebuffers(struct GBAVideoGLRenderer* glRenderer) {
 	_initFramebufferTextureEx(glRenderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_OBJ_DEPTH], GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, glRenderer->scale);
 
 	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, glRenderer->fbo[GBA_GL_FBO_BACKDROP]);
-	_initFramebufferTexture(glRenderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP_COLOR], GL_RGB, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, 0);
-	_initFramebufferTextureEx(glRenderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP_FLAGS], GL_RGBA8I, GL_RGBA_INTEGER, GL_BYTE, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, 0);
+	_initFramebufferTextureEx(glRenderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP], GL_RGBA8I, GL_RGBA_INTEGER, GL_BYTE, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, 0);
 
 	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, glRenderer->fbo[GBA_GL_FBO_WINDOW]);
 	glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, glRenderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_WINDOW], 0);
@@ -776,6 +770,12 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererInit(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer) {
 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
 	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_R16UI, 256, 192, 0, GL_RED_INTEGER, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
 
+	glGenTextures(1, &glRenderer->paletteTex);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, glRenderer->paletteTex);
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 512, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5, 0);
+
 	glGenBuffers(1, &glRenderer->vbo);
 	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, glRenderer->vbo);
 	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_vertices), _vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
@@ -889,6 +889,7 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererDeinit(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer) {
 	glDeleteFramebuffers(GBA_GL_FBO_MAX, glRenderer->fbo);
 	glDeleteTextures(GBA_GL_TEX_MAX, glRenderer->layers);
 	glDeleteTextures(1, &glRenderer->vramTex);
+	glDeleteTextures(1, &glRenderer->paletteTex);
 	glDeleteBuffers(1, &glRenderer->vbo);
 
 	_deleteShader(&glRenderer->bgShader[0]);
@@ -918,6 +919,8 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererReset(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer) {
 	glRenderer->firstY = -1;
 	glRenderer->dispcnt = 0x0080;
 	glRenderer->mosaic = 0;
+	glRenderer->nextPalette = 0;
+	glRenderer->lastPalette = 1;
 	memset(glRenderer->shadowRegs, 0, sizeof(glRenderer->shadowRegs));
 	glRenderer->regsDirty = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFEULL;
 }
@@ -938,6 +941,16 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererWritePalette(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer, uint32_t
 	UNUSED(address);
 	UNUSED(value);
 	glRenderer->paletteDirty = true;
+	int r = M_R5(value);
+	int g = M_G5(value) << 1;
+	g |= g >> 5;
+	int b = M_B5(value);
+	if (glRenderer->nextPalette) {
+		glRenderer->lastPalette = glRenderer->nextPalette - 1;
+	} else {
+		glRenderer->lastPalette = GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS - 1;
+	}
+	glRenderer->shadowPalette[glRenderer->nextPalette][address >> 1] = (r << 11) | (g << 5) | b;
 }
 
 uint16_t GBAVideoGLRendererWriteVideoRegister(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer, uint32_t address, uint16_t value) {
@@ -1291,7 +1304,7 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererDrawScanline(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer, int y) {
 		glRenderer->firstAffine = -1;
 	}
 
-	if (glRenderer->paletteDirty || _needsVramUpload(glRenderer, y) || glRenderer->oamDirty || glRenderer->regsDirty) {
+	if (_needsVramUpload(glRenderer, y) || glRenderer->oamDirty || glRenderer->regsDirty) {
 		if (glRenderer->firstY >= 0) {
 			_drawScanlines(glRenderer, y - 1);
 			glBindVertexArray(0);
@@ -1336,11 +1349,19 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererDrawScanline(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer, int y) {
 	glRenderer->bg[3].scanlineAffine[y * 4 + 2] = glRenderer->bg[3].affine.sx;
 	glRenderer->bg[3].scanlineAffine[y * 4 + 3] = glRenderer->bg[3].affine.sy;
 
+	int oldPalette = glRenderer->nextPalette;
+	glRenderer->nextPalette = y + 1;
+	if (glRenderer->nextPalette >= GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS) {
+		glRenderer->nextPalette = 0;
+	}
 	if (glRenderer->paletteDirty) {
-		for (i = 0; i < 512; ++i) {
-			glRenderer->shadowPalette[i] = glRenderer->d.palette[i];
+		memcpy(glRenderer->shadowPalette[glRenderer->nextPalette], glRenderer->shadowPalette[oldPalette], sizeof(glRenderer->shadowPalette[0]));
+		if (glRenderer->nextPalette == glRenderer->lastPalette) {
+			glRenderer->paletteDirty = false;
+			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, glRenderer->paletteTex);
+			glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 512, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5, glRenderer->shadowPalette);
 		}
-		glRenderer->paletteDirty = false;
 	}
 
 	if (_needsVramUpload(glRenderer, y)) {
@@ -1400,24 +1421,24 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererDrawScanline(struct GBAVideoRenderer* renderer, int y) {
 void _drawScanlines(struct GBAVideoGLRenderer* glRenderer, int y) {
 	glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
 
-	uint32_t backdrop = M_RGB5_TO_RGB8(glRenderer->shadowPalette[0]);
 	glViewport(0, 0, 1, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS);
 	glScissor(0, glRenderer->firstY, 1, y - glRenderer->firstY + 1);
 	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, glRenderer->fbo[GBA_GL_FBO_BACKDROP]);
-	glDrawBuffers(2, (GLenum[]) { GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1 });
-	glClearBufferfv(GL_COLOR, 0, (GLfloat[]) { ((backdrop >> 16) & 0xF8) / 248., ((backdrop >> 8) & 0xF8) / 248., (backdrop & 0xF8) / 248., 1.f });
-	glClearBufferiv(GL_COLOR, 1, (GLint[]) { 32, glRenderer->target1Bd | (glRenderer->target2Bd * 2) | (glRenderer->blendEffect * 4), glRenderer->blda, 0 });
-
-	glDrawBuffers(2, (GLenum[]) { GL_NONE, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1 });
+	glDrawBuffers(1, (GLenum[]) { GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 });
+	glClearBufferiv(GL_COLOR, 0, (GLint[]) { 32, glRenderer->target1Bd | (glRenderer->target2Bd * 2) | (glRenderer->blendEffect * 4), glRenderer->blda, 0 });
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
 		glScissor(i + 1, glRenderer->firstY, 1, y - glRenderer->firstY + 1);
-		glClearBufferiv(GL_COLOR, 1, (GLint[]) { glRenderer->bg[i].priority,
+		glClearBufferiv(GL_COLOR, 0, (GLint[]) { glRenderer->bg[i].priority,
 		                                         glRenderer->bg[i].target1 | (glRenderer->bg[i].target2 << 1) | (glRenderer->blendEffect << 2),
 		                                         glRenderer->blda, 0 });
 	}
 
-	glDrawBuffers(1, (GLenum[]) { GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 });
+	if (glRenderer->paletteDirty) {
+		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, glRenderer->paletteTex);
+		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 512, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5, glRenderer->shadowPalette);
+	}
 
 	GBAVideoGLRendererDrawWindow(glRenderer, y);
 	if (GBARegisterDISPCNTIsObjEnable(glRenderer->dispcnt) && !glRenderer->d.disableOBJ) {
@@ -1626,9 +1647,9 @@ void _finalizeLayers(struct GBAVideoGLRenderer* renderer) {
 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 6);
 		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->bg[3].tex);
 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 7);
-		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP_COLOR]);
+		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->paletteTex);
 		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 8);
-		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP_FLAGS]);
+		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->layers[GBA_GL_TEX_BACKDROP]);
 
 		glUniform2i(uniforms[GBA_GL_VS_LOC], GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS, 0);
 		glUniform2i(uniforms[GBA_GL_VS_MAXPOS], GBA_VIDEO_HORIZONTAL_PIXELS, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS);
@@ -1636,9 +1657,8 @@ void _finalizeLayers(struct GBAVideoGLRenderer* renderer) {
 		glUniform1iv(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_LAYERS], 5, (GLint[]) { 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 });
 		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_FLAGS], 2);
 		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_WINDOW], 0);
-		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_WINDOW], 0);
-		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROP], 7);
-		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROPFLAGS], 8);
+		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_PALETTE], 7);
+		glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_FINALIZE_BACKDROP], 8);
 		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 4);
 	}
 	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
@@ -1683,10 +1703,12 @@ void GBAVideoGLRendererDrawSprite(struct GBAVideoGLRenderer* renderer, struct GB
 	glBindVertexArray(shader->vao);
 	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
 	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->vramTex);
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->paletteTex);
 	glUniform2i(uniforms[GBA_GL_VS_LOC], totalHeight, 0);
 	glUniform2i(uniforms[GBA_GL_VS_MAXPOS], totalWidth, totalHeight);
 	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_VRAM], 0);
-	glUniform1iv(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_PALETTE], 256, &renderer->shadowPalette[256]);
+	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_PALETTE], 1);
 	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_CHARBASE], charBase);
 	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_STRIDE], stride);
 	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_LOCALPALETTE], GBAObjAttributesCGetPalette(sprite->c));
@@ -1769,9 +1791,11 @@ void _prepareBackground(struct GBAVideoGLRenderer* renderer, struct GBAVideoGLBa
 	glViewport(0, 0, GBA_VIDEO_HORIZONTAL_PIXELS * renderer->scale, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS * renderer->scale);
 	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
 	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->vramTex);
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderer->paletteTex);
 	glUniform2i(uniforms[GBA_GL_VS_MAXPOS], GBA_VIDEO_HORIZONTAL_PIXELS, GBA_VIDEO_VERTICAL_PIXELS);
 	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_BG_VRAM], 0);
-	glUniform1iv(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_PALETTE], 256, renderer->shadowPalette);
+	glUniform1i(uniforms[GBA_GL_OBJ_PALETTE], 1);
 	if (background->mosaic) {
 		glUniform2i(uniforms[GBA_GL_BG_MOSAIC], GBAMosaicControlGetBgV(renderer->mosaic) + 1, GBAMosaicControlGetBgH(renderer->mosaic) + 1);
 	} else {