dep/fmt: Bump to v11.0.2

dep/fmt/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8...3.26)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8...3.28)
 
 # Fallback for using newer policies on CMake <3.12.
 if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.12)
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ function(enable_module target)
   endif ()
 endfunction()
 
+set(FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES FALSE)
+if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.28 AND
+    CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL "Ninja")
+  set(FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES TRUE)
+endif ()
+
 # Adds a library compiled with C++20 module support.
 # `enabled` is a CMake variables that specifies if modules are enabled.
 # If modules are disabled `add_module_library` falls back to creating a
@@ -53,6 +59,7 @@ function(add_module_library name)
   if (NOT ${${AML_IF}})
     # Create a non-modular library.
     target_sources(${name} PRIVATE ${AML_FALLBACK})
+    set_target_properties(${name} PROPERTIES CXX_SCAN_FOR_MODULES OFF)
     return()
   endif ()
 
@@ -62,6 +69,12 @@ function(add_module_library name)
     target_compile_options(${name} PUBLIC -fmodules-ts)
   endif ()
 
+  target_compile_definitions(${name} PRIVATE FMT_MODULE)
+
+  if (FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES)
+    target_sources(${name} PUBLIC FILE_SET fmt TYPE CXX_MODULES
+                   FILES ${sources})
+  else()
     # `std` is affected by CMake options and may be higher than C++20.
     get_target_property(std ${name} CXX_STANDARD)
 
@@ -104,6 +117,7 @@ function(add_module_library name)
       endforeach ()
     endif ()
     target_sources(${name} PRIVATE ${sources})
+  endif()
 endfunction()
 
 include(CMakeParseArguments)
@@ -150,9 +164,10 @@ option(FMT_INSTALL "Generate the install target." ON)
 option(FMT_TEST "Generate the test target." ${FMT_MASTER_PROJECT})
 option(FMT_FUZZ "Generate the fuzz target." OFF)
 option(FMT_CUDA_TEST "Generate the cuda-test target." OFF)
-option(FMT_OS "Include core requiring OS (Windows/Posix) " ON)
+option(FMT_OS "Include OS-specific APIs." ON)
 option(FMT_MODULE "Build a module instead of a traditional library." OFF)
 option(FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS "Expose headers with marking them as system." OFF)
+option(FMT_UNICODE "Enable Unicode support." ON)
 
 if (FMT_TEST AND FMT_MODULE)
   # The tests require {fmt} to be compiled as traditional library
@@ -167,10 +182,10 @@ if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "MSDOS")
   message(STATUS "MSDOS is incompatible with gtest")
 endif ()
 
-# Get version from core.h
+# Get version from base.h
-file(READ include/fmt/core.h core_h)
+file(READ include/fmt/base.h base_h)
-if (NOT core_h MATCHES "FMT_VERSION ([0-9]+)([0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])")
+if (NOT base_h MATCHES "FMT_VERSION ([0-9]+)([0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])")
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot get FMT_VERSION from core.h.")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot get FMT_VERSION from base.h.")
 endif ()
 # Use math to skip leading zeros if any.
 math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
@@ -178,7 +193,7 @@ math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR ${CMAKE_MATCH_2})
 math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH ${CMAKE_MATCH_3})
 join(FMT_VERSION ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}.${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR}.
                  ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH})
-message(STATUS "Version: ${FMT_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "{fmt} version: ${FMT_VERSION}")
 
 message(STATUS "Build type: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
 
@@ -274,20 +289,21 @@ function(add_headers VAR)
 endfunction()
 
 # Define the fmt library, its includes and the needed defines.
-add_headers(FMT_HEADERS args.h chrono.h color.h compile.h core.h format.h
+add_headers(FMT_HEADERS args.h base.h chrono.h color.h compile.h core.h format.h
                         format-inl.h os.h ostream.h printf.h ranges.h std.h
                         xchar.h)
 set(FMT_SOURCES src/format.cc)
-if (FMT_OS)
-  set(FMT_SOURCES ${FMT_SOURCES} src/os.cc)
-endif ()
 
 add_module_library(fmt src/fmt.cc FALLBACK
-                   ${FMT_SOURCES} ${FMT_HEADERS} README.rst ChangeLog.rst
+                   ${FMT_SOURCES} ${FMT_HEADERS} README.md ChangeLog.md
                    IF FMT_MODULE)
 add_library(fmt::fmt ALIAS fmt)
 if (FMT_MODULE)
   enable_module(fmt)
+elseif (FMT_OS)
+  target_sources(fmt PRIVATE src/os.cc)
+else()
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PRIVATE FMT_OS=0)
 endif ()
 
 if (FMT_WERROR)
@@ -312,7 +328,15 @@ set(FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX d CACHE STRING "Debug library postfix.")
 set_target_properties(fmt PROPERTIES
   VERSION ${FMT_VERSION} SOVERSION ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}
   PUBLIC_HEADER "${FMT_HEADERS}"
-  DEBUG_POSTFIX "${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
+  DEBUG_POSTFIX "${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}"
+
+  # Workaround for Visual Studio 2017:
+  # Ensure the .pdb is created with the same name and in the same directory
+  # as the .lib. Newer VS versions already do this by default, but there is no
+  # harm in setting it for those too. Ignored by other generators.
+  COMPILE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+  COMPILE_PDB_NAME "fmt"
+  COMPILE_PDB_NAME_DEBUG "fmt${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
 
 # Set FMT_LIB_NAME for pkg-config fmt.pc. We cannot use the OUTPUT_NAME target
 # property because it's not set by default.
@@ -331,10 +355,21 @@ endif()
 add_library(fmt-header-only INTERFACE)
 add_library(fmt::fmt-header-only ALIAS fmt-header-only)
 
+if (NOT MSVC)
+  # Unicode is always supported on compilers other than MSVC.
+elseif (FMT_UNICODE)
+  # Unicode support requires compiling with /utf-8.
+  target_compile_options(fmt PUBLIC $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>)
+  target_compile_options(fmt-header-only INTERFACE $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>)
+else ()
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PUBLIC FMT_UNICODE=0)
+endif ()
+
 target_compile_definitions(fmt-header-only INTERFACE FMT_HEADER_ONLY=1)
 target_compile_features(fmt-header-only INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
 
-target_include_directories(fmt-header-only ${FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS_ATTRIBUTE} INTERFACE
+target_include_directories(fmt-header-only
+  ${FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS_ATTRIBUTE} INTERFACE
   $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
   $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${FMT_INC_DIR}>)
 
@@ -379,12 +414,18 @@ if (FMT_INSTALL)
 
   set(INSTALL_TARGETS fmt fmt-header-only)
 
+  set(INSTALL_FILE_SET)
+  if (FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES)
+    set(INSTALL_FILE_SET FILE_SET fmt DESTINATION "${FMT_INC_DIR}/fmt")
+  endif()
+
   # Install the library and headers.
   install(TARGETS ${INSTALL_TARGETS} EXPORT ${targets_export_name}
           LIBRARY DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR}
           ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR}
           PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION "${FMT_INC_DIR}/fmt"
-          RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
+          RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+          ${INSTALL_FILE_SET})
 
   # Use a namespace because CMake provides better diagnostics for namespaced
   # imported targets.
@@ -401,8 +442,44 @@ if (FMT_INSTALL)
   install(FILES "${pkgconfig}" DESTINATION "${FMT_PKGCONFIG_DIR}")
 endif ()
 
+function(add_doc_target)
+  find_program(DOXYGEN doxygen
+    PATHS "$ENV{ProgramFiles}/doxygen/bin"
+          "$ENV{ProgramFiles\(x86\)}/doxygen/bin")
+  if (NOT DOXYGEN)
+    message(STATUS "Target 'doc' disabled because doxygen not found")
+    return ()
+  endif ()
+
+  find_program(MKDOCS mkdocs)
+  if (NOT MKDOCS)
+    message(STATUS "Target 'doc' disabled because mkdocs not found")
+    return ()
+  endif ()
+
+  set(sources )
+  foreach (source api.md index.md syntax.md get-started.md fmt.css fmt.js)
+    set(sources ${sources} doc/${source})
+  endforeach()
+
+  add_custom_target(
+    doc
+    COMMAND
+      ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -E env PYTHONPATH=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/python
+        ${MKDOCS} build -f ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/mkdocs.yml
+        # MkDocs requires the site dir to be outside of the doc dir.
+                        --site-dir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/doc-html
+                        --no-directory-urls
+    SOURCES ${sources})
+
+  include(GNUInstallDirs)
+  install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/doc-html/
+          DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR}/doc/fmt OPTIONAL)
+endfunction()
+
 if (FMT_DOC)
-  add_subdirectory(doc)
+  add_doc_target()
 endif ()
 
 if (FMT_TEST)
@@ -432,13 +509,12 @@ if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND EXISTS ${gitignore})
     string(REPLACE "*" ".*" line "${line}")
     set(ignored_files ${ignored_files} "${line}$" "${line}/")
   endforeach ()
-  set(ignored_files ${ignored_files}
+  set(ignored_files ${ignored_files} /.git /build/doxyxml .vagrant)
-    /.git /breathe /format-benchmark sphinx/ .buildinfo .doctrees)
 
   set(CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR ZIP)
   set(CPACK_SOURCE_IGNORE_FILES ${ignored_files})
   set(CPACK_SOURCE_PACKAGE_FILE_NAME fmt-${FMT_VERSION})
   set(CPACK_PACKAGE_NAME fmt)
-  set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.rst)
+  set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md)
   include(CPack)
 endif ()

dep/fmt/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/156254208-f5b743a9-88cf-439d-b0c0-923d53e8d551.png" alt="{fmt}" width="25%"/>
+
+[![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/linux/badge.svg)](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Alinux)
+[![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/macos/badge.svg)](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Amacos)
+[![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Awindows)
+[![fmt is continuously fuzzed at oss-fuzz](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/fmt.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?\%0Acolspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20\%0ASummary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1)
+[![Ask questions at StackOverflow with the tag fmt](https://img.shields.io/badge/stackoverflow-fmt-blue.svg)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt)
+[![image](https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/fmtlib/fmt/badge)](https://securityscorecards.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/fmtlib/fmt)
+
+**{fmt}** is an open-source formatting library providing a fast and safe
+alternative to C stdio and C++ iostreams.
+
+If you like this project, please consider donating to one of the funds
+that help victims of the war in Ukraine: <https://www.stopputin.net/>.
+
+[Documentation](https://fmt.dev)
+
+[Cheat Sheets](https://hackingcpp.com/cpp/libs/fmt.html)
+
+Q&A: ask questions on [StackOverflow with the tag
+fmt](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt).
+
+Try {fmt} in [Compiler Explorer](https://godbolt.org/z/8Mx1EW73v).
+
+# Features
+
+- Simple [format API](https://fmt.dev/latest/api/) with positional
+  arguments for localization
+- Implementation of [C++20
+  std::format](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format) and
+  [C++23 std::print](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/print)
+- [Format string syntax](https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax/) similar
+  to Python\'s
+  [format](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format)
+- Fast IEEE 754 floating-point formatter with correct rounding,
+  shortness and round-trip guarantees using the
+  [Dragonbox](https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox) algorithm
+- Portable Unicode support
+- Safe [printf
+  implementation](https://fmt.dev/latest/api/#printf-formatting)
+  including the POSIX extension for positional arguments
+- Extensibility: [support for user-defined
+  types](https://fmt.dev/latest/api/#formatting-user-defined-types)
+- High performance: faster than common standard library
+  implementations of `(s)printf`, iostreams, `to_string` and
+  `to_chars`, see [Speed tests](#speed-tests) and [Converting a
+  hundred million integers to strings per
+  second](http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html)
+- Small code size both in terms of source code with the minimum
+  configuration consisting of just three files, `core.h`, `format.h`
+  and `format-inl.h`, and compiled code; see [Compile time and code
+  bloat](#compile-time-and-code-bloat)
+- Reliability: the library has an extensive set of
+  [tests](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/tree/master/test) and is
+  [continuously fuzzed](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1)
+- Safety: the library is fully type-safe, errors in format strings can
+  be reported at compile time, automatic memory management prevents
+  buffer overflow errors
+- Ease of use: small self-contained code base, no external
+  dependencies, permissive MIT
+  [license](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE)
+- [Portability](https://fmt.dev/latest/#portability) with
+  consistent output across platforms and support for older compilers
+- Clean warning-free codebase even on high warning levels such as
+  `-Wall -Wextra -pedantic`
+- Locale independence by default
+- Optional header-only configuration enabled with the
+  `FMT_HEADER_ONLY` macro
+
+See the [documentation](https://fmt.dev) for more details.
+
+# Examples
+
+**Print to stdout** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/Tevcjh))
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+
+int main() {
+  fmt::print("Hello, world!\n");
+}
+```
+
+**Format a string** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/oK8h33))
+
+``` c++
+std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
+// s == "The answer is 42."
+```
+
+**Format a string using positional arguments**
+([run](https://godbolt.org/z/Yn7Txe))
+
+``` c++
+std::string s = fmt::format("I'd rather be {1} than {0}.", "right", "happy");
+// s == "I'd rather be happy than right."
+```
+
+**Print dates and times** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/c31ExdY3W))
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+int main() {
+  auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  fmt::print("Date and time: {}\n", now);
+  fmt::print("Time: {:%H:%M}\n", now);
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+    Date and time: 2023-12-26 19:10:31.557195597
+    Time: 19:10
+
+**Print a container** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/MxM1YqjE7))
+
+``` c++
+#include <vector>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+int main() {
+  std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+  fmt::print("{}\n", v);
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+    [1, 2, 3]
+
+**Check a format string at compile time**
+
+``` c++
+std::string s = fmt::format("{:d}", "I am not a number");
+```
+
+This gives a compile-time error in C++20 because `d` is an invalid
+format specifier for a string.
+
+**Write a file from a single thread**
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/os.h>
+
+int main() {
+  auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
+  out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
+}
+```
+
+This can be [5 to 9 times faster than
+fprintf](http://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html).
+
+**Print with colors and text styles**
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/color.h>
+
+int main() {
+  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
+             "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
+  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
+             fmt::emphasis::underline, "Olá, {}!\n", "Mundo");
+  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
+             "你好{}！\n", "世界");
+}
+```
+
+Output on a modern terminal with Unicode support:
+
+![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/assets/%0A576385/2a93c904-d6fa-4aa6-b453-2618e1c327d7)
+
+# Benchmarks
+
+## Speed tests
+
+| Library           | Method        | Run Time, s |
+|-------------------|---------------|-------------|
+| libc              | printf        |   0.91      |
+| libc++            | std::ostream  |   2.49      |
+| {fmt} 9.1         | fmt::print    |   0.74      |
+| Boost Format 1.80 | boost::format |   6.26      |
+| Folly Format      | folly::format |   1.87      |
+
+{fmt} is the fastest of the benchmarked methods, \~20% faster than
+`printf`.
+
+The above results were generated by building `tinyformat_test.cpp` on
+macOS 12.6.1 with `clang++ -O3 -DNDEBUG -DSPEED_TEST -DHAVE_FORMAT`, and
+taking the best of three runs. In the test, the format string
+`"%0.10f:%04d:%+g:%s:%p:%c:%%\n"` or equivalent is filled 2,000,000
+times with output sent to `/dev/null`; for further details refer to the
+[source](https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/src/tinyformat-test.cc).
+
+{fmt} is up to 20-30x faster than `std::ostringstream` and `sprintf` on
+IEEE754 `float` and `double` formatting
+([dtoa-benchmark](https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark)) and faster
+than [double-conversion](https://github.com/google/double-conversion)
+and [ryu](https://github.com/ulfjack/ryu):
+
+[![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png)](https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang12.0.html)
+
+## Compile time and code bloat
+
+The script [bloat-test.py][test] from [format-benchmark][bench] tests compile
+time and code bloat for nontrivial projects. It generates 100 translation units
+and uses `printf()` or its alternative five times in each to simulate a
+medium-sized project. The resulting executable size and compile time (Apple
+clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.1.0.2.5), macOS Sonoma, best of three) is shown
+in the following tables.
+
+[test]: https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/bloat-test.py
+[bench]: https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark
+
+**Optimized build (-O3)**
+
+| Method        | Compile Time, s | Executable size, KiB | Stripped size, KiB |
+|---------------|-----------------|----------------------|--------------------|
+| printf        |             1.6 |                   54 |                 50 |
+| IOStreams     |            25.9 |                   98 |                 84 |
+| fmt 83652df   |             4.8 |                   54 |                 50 |
+| tinyformat    |            29.1 |                  161 |                136 |
+| Boost Format  |            55.0 |                  530 |                317 |
+
+{fmt} is fast to compile and is comparable to `printf` in terms of per-call
+binary size (within a rounding error on this system).
+
+**Non-optimized build**
+
+| Method        | Compile Time, s | Executable size, KiB | Stripped size, KiB |
+|---------------|-----------------|----------------------|--------------------|
+| printf        |             1.4 |                   54 |                 50 |
+| IOStreams     |            23.4 |                   92 |                 68 |
+| {fmt} 83652df |             4.4 |                   89 |                 85 |
+| tinyformat    |            24.5 |                  204 |                161 |
+| Boost Format  |            36.4 |                  831 |                462 |
+
+`libc`, `lib(std)c++`, and `libfmt` are all linked as shared libraries
+to compare formatting function overhead only. Boost Format is a
+header-only library so it doesn\'t provide any linkage options.
+
+## Running the tests
+
+Please refer to [Building the
+library](https://fmt.dev/latest/get-started/#building-from-source) for
+instructions on how to build the library and run the unit tests.
+
+Benchmarks reside in a separate repository,
+[format-benchmarks](https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark), so to
+run the benchmarks you first need to clone this repository and generate
+Makefiles with CMake:
+
+    $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark.git
+    $ cd format-benchmark
+    $ cmake .
+
+Then you can run the speed test:
+
+    $ make speed-test
+
+or the bloat test:
+
+    $ make bloat-test
+
+# Migrating code
+
+[clang-tidy](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) v18 provides the
+[modernize-use-std-print](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/modernize/use-std-print.html)
+check that is capable of converting occurrences of `printf` and
+`fprintf` to `fmt::print` if configured to do so. (By default it
+converts to `std::print`.)
+
+# Notable projects using this library
+
+- [0 A.D.](https://play0ad.com/): a free, open-source, cross-platform
+  real-time strategy game
+- [AMPL/MP](https://github.com/ampl/mp): an open-source library for
+  mathematical programming
+- [Apple's FoundationDB](https://github.com/apple/foundationdb): an open-source,
+  distributed, transactional key-value store
+- [Aseprite](https://github.com/aseprite/aseprite): animated sprite
+  editor & pixel art tool
+- [AvioBook](https://www.aviobook.aero/en): a comprehensive aircraft
+  operations suite
+- [Blizzard Battle.net](https://battle.net/): an online gaming
+  platform
+- [Celestia](https://celestia.space/): real-time 3D visualization of
+  space
+- [Ceph](https://ceph.com/): a scalable distributed storage system
+- [ccache](https://ccache.dev/): a compiler cache
+- [ClickHouse](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse): an
+  analytical database management system
+- [Contour](https://github.com/contour-terminal/contour/): a modern
+  terminal emulator
+- [CUAUV](https://cuauv.org/): Cornell University\'s autonomous
+  underwater vehicle
+- [Drake](https://drake.mit.edu/): a planning, control, and analysis
+  toolbox for nonlinear dynamical systems (MIT)
+- [Envoy](https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy): C++ L7 proxy and
+  communication bus (Lyft)
+- [FiveM](https://fivem.net/): a modification framework for GTA V
+- [fmtlog](https://github.com/MengRao/fmtlog): a performant
+  fmtlib-style logging library with latency in nanoseconds
+- [Folly](https://github.com/facebook/folly): Facebook open-source
+  library
+- [GemRB](https://gemrb.org/): a portable open-source implementation
+  of Bioware's Infinity Engine
+- [Grand Mountain
+  Adventure](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1247360/Grand_Mountain_Adventure/):
+  a beautiful open-world ski & snowboarding game
+- [HarpyWar/pvpgn](https://github.com/pvpgn/pvpgn-server): Player vs
+  Player Gaming Network with tweaks
+- [KBEngine](https://github.com/kbengine/kbengine): an open-source
+  MMOG server engine
+- [Keypirinha](https://keypirinha.com/): a semantic launcher for
+  Windows
+- [Kodi](https://kodi.tv/) (formerly xbmc): home theater software
+- [Knuth](https://kth.cash/): high-performance Bitcoin full-node
+- [libunicode](https://github.com/contour-terminal/libunicode/): a
+  modern C++17 Unicode library
+- [MariaDB](https://mariadb.org/): relational database management
+  system
+- [Microsoft Verona](https://github.com/microsoft/verona): research
+  programming language for concurrent ownership
+- [MongoDB](https://mongodb.com/): distributed document database
+- [MongoDB Smasher](https://github.com/duckie/mongo_smasher): a small
+  tool to generate randomized datasets
+- [OpenSpace](https://openspaceproject.com/): an open-source
+  astrovisualization framework
+- [PenUltima Online (POL)](https://www.polserver.com/): an MMO server,
+  compatible with most Ultima Online clients
+- [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch): an open-source
+  machine learning library
+- [quasardb](https://www.quasardb.net/): a distributed,
+  high-performance, associative database
+- [Quill](https://github.com/odygrd/quill): asynchronous low-latency
+  logging library
+- [QKW](https://github.com/ravijanjam/qkw): generalizing aliasing to
+  simplify navigation, and execute complex multi-line terminal
+  command sequences
+- [redis-cerberus](https://github.com/HunanTV/redis-cerberus): a Redis
+  cluster proxy
+- [redpanda](https://vectorized.io/redpanda): a 10x faster Kafka®
+  replacement for mission-critical systems written in C++
+- [rpclib](http://rpclib.net/): a modern C++ msgpack-RPC server and
+  client library
+- [Salesforce Analytics
+  Cloud](https://www.salesforce.com/analytics-cloud/overview/):
+  business intelligence software
+- [Scylla](https://www.scylladb.com/): a Cassandra-compatible NoSQL
+  data store that can handle 1 million transactions per second on a
+  single server
+- [Seastar](http://www.seastar-project.org/): an advanced, open-source
+  C++ framework for high-performance server applications on modern
+  hardware
+- [spdlog](https://github.com/gabime/spdlog): super fast C++ logging
+  library
+- [Stellar](https://www.stellar.org/): financial platform
+- [Touch Surgery](https://www.touchsurgery.com/): surgery simulator
+- [TrinityCore](https://github.com/TrinityCore/TrinityCore):
+  open-source MMORPG framework
+- [🐙 userver framework](https://userver.tech/): open-source
+  asynchronous framework with a rich set of abstractions and database
+  drivers
+- [Windows Terminal](https://github.com/microsoft/terminal): the new
+  Windows terminal
+
+[More\...](https://github.com/search?q=fmtlib&type=Code)
+
+If you are aware of other projects using this library, please let me
+know by [email](mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com) or by submitting an
+[issue](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues).
+
+# Motivation
+
+So why yet another formatting library?
+
+There are plenty of methods for doing this task, from standard ones like
+the printf family of function and iostreams to Boost Format and
+FastFormat libraries. The reason for creating a new library is that
+every existing solution that I found either had serious issues or
+didn\'t provide all the features I needed.
+
+## printf
+
+The good thing about `printf` is that it is pretty fast and readily
+available being a part of the C standard library. The main drawback is
+that it doesn\'t support user-defined types. `printf` also has safety
+issues although they are somewhat mitigated with [\_\_attribute\_\_
+((format (printf,
+\...))](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html) in
+GCC. There is a POSIX extension that adds positional arguments required
+for
+[i18n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization)
+to `printf` but it is not a part of C99 and may not be available on some
+platforms.
+
+## iostreams
+
+The main issue with iostreams is best illustrated with an example:
+
+``` c++
+std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
+```
+
+which is a lot of typing compared to printf:
+
+``` c++
+printf("%.2f\n", 1.23456);
+```
+
+Matthew Wilson, the author of FastFormat, called this \"chevron hell\".
+iostreams don\'t support positional arguments by design.
+
+The good part is that iostreams support user-defined types and are safe
+although error handling is awkward.
+
+## Boost Format
+
+This is a very powerful library that supports both `printf`-like format
+strings and positional arguments. Its main drawback is performance.
+According to various benchmarks, it is much slower than other methods
+considered here. Boost Format also has excessive build times and severe
+code bloat issues (see [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)).
+
+## FastFormat
+
+This is an interesting library that is fast, safe and has positional
+arguments. However, it has significant limitations, citing its author:
+
+> Three features that have no hope of being accommodated within the
+> current design are:
+>
+> - Leading zeros (or any other non-space padding)
+> - Octal/hexadecimal encoding
+> - Runtime width/alignment specification
+
+It is also quite big and has a heavy dependency, on STLSoft, which might be
+too restrictive for use in some projects.
+
+## Boost Spirit.Karma
+
+This is not a formatting library but I decided to include it here for
+completeness. As iostreams, it suffers from the problem of mixing
+verbatim text with arguments. The library is pretty fast, but slower on
+integer formatting than `fmt::format_to` with format string compilation
+on Karma\'s own benchmark, see [Converting a hundred million integers to
+strings per
+second](http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html).
+
+# License
+
+{fmt} is distributed under the MIT
+[license](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE).
+
+# Documentation License
+
+The [Format String Syntax](https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax/) section
+in the documentation is based on the one from Python [string module
+documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string).
+For this reason, the documentation is distributed under the Python
+Software Foundation license available in
+[doc/python-license.txt](https://raw.github.com/fmtlib/fmt/master/doc/python-license.txt).
+It only applies if you distribute the documentation of {fmt}.
+
+# Maintainers
+
+The {fmt} library is maintained by Victor Zverovich
+([vitaut](https://github.com/vitaut)) with contributions from many other
+people. See
+[Contributors](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/graphs/contributors) and
+[Releases](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases) for some of the
+names. Let us know if your contribution is not listed or mentioned
+incorrectly and we\'ll make it right.
+
+# Security Policy
+
+To report a security issue, please disclose it at [security
+advisory](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/security/advisories/new).
+
+This project is maintained by a team of volunteers on a
+reasonable-effort basis. As such, please give us at least *90* days to
+work on a fix before public exposure.

dep/fmt/README.rst

@@ -1,545 +0,0 @@
-.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/
-           576385/156254208-f5b743a9-88cf-439d-b0c0-923d53e8d551.png
-   :width: 25%
-   :alt: {fmt}
-
-.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/linux/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Alinux
-
-.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/macos/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Amacos
-
-.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/windows/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Awindows
-
-.. image:: https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/fmt.svg
-   :alt: fmt is continuously fuzzed at oss-fuzz
-   :target: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?\
-            colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20\
-            Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1
-
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/stackoverflow-fmt-blue.svg
-   :alt: Ask questions at StackOverflow with the tag fmt
-   :target: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt
-
-.. image:: https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/fmtlib/fmt/badge
-   :target: https://securityscorecards.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/fmtlib/fmt
-
-**{fmt}** is an open-source formatting library providing a fast and safe
-alternative to C stdio and C++ iostreams.
-
-If you like this project, please consider donating to one of the funds that
-help victims of the war in Ukraine: https://www.stopputin.net/.
-
-`Documentation <https://fmt.dev>`__
-
-`Cheat Sheets <https://hackingcpp.com/cpp/libs/fmt.html>`__
-
-Q&A: ask questions on `StackOverflow with the tag fmt
-<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt>`_.
-
-Try {fmt} in `Compiler Explorer <https://godbolt.org/z/Eq5763>`_.
-
-Features
---------
-
-* Simple `format API <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html>`_ with positional arguments
-  for localization
-* Implementation of `C++20 std::format
-  <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format>`__
-* `Format string syntax <https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html>`_ similar to Python's
-  `format <https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format>`_
-* Fast IEEE 754 floating-point formatter with correct rounding, shortness and
-  round-trip guarantees using the `Dragonbox <https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox>`_
-  algorithm
-* Portable Unicode support
-* Safe `printf implementation
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#printf-formatting>`_ including the POSIX
-  extension for positional arguments
-* Extensibility: `support for user-defined types
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#formatting-user-defined-types>`_
-* High performance: faster than common standard library implementations of
-  ``(s)printf``, iostreams, ``to_string`` and ``to_chars``, see `Speed tests`_
-  and `Converting a hundred million integers to strings per second
-  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_
-* Small code size both in terms of source code with the minimum configuration
-  consisting of just three files, ``core.h``, ``format.h`` and ``format-inl.h``,
-  and compiled code; see `Compile time and code bloat`_
-* Reliability: the library has an extensive set of `tests
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/tree/master/test>`_ and is `continuously fuzzed
-  <https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?colspec=ID%20Type%20
-  Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1>`_
-* Safety: the library is fully type-safe, errors in format strings can be
-  reported at compile time, automatic memory management prevents buffer overflow
-  errors
-* Ease of use: small self-contained code base, no external dependencies,
-  permissive MIT `license
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
-* `Portability <https://fmt.dev/latest/index.html#portability>`_ with
-  consistent output across platforms and support for older compilers
-* Clean warning-free codebase even on high warning levels such as
-  ``-Wall -Wextra -pedantic``
-* Locale independence by default
-* Optional header-only configuration enabled with the ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` macro
-
-See the `documentation <https://fmt.dev>`_ for more details.
-
-Examples
---------
-
-**Print to stdout** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/Tevcjh>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/core.h>
-    
-    int main() {
-      fmt::print("Hello, world!\n");
-    }
-
-**Format a string** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/oK8h33>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
-    // s == "The answer is 42."
-
-**Format a string using positional arguments** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/Yn7Txe>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("I'd rather be {1} than {0}.", "right", "happy");
-    // s == "I'd rather be happy than right."
-
-**Print chrono durations** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/K8s4Mc>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
-      fmt::print("Default format: {} {}\n", 42s, 100ms);
-      fmt::print("strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}\n", 3h + 15min + 30s);
-    }
-
-Output::
-
-    Default format: 42s 100ms
-    strftime-like format: 03:15:30
-
-**Print a container** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/MxM1YqjE7>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <vector>
-    #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
-      fmt::print("{}\n", v);
-    }
-
-Output::
-
-    [1, 2, 3]
-
-**Check a format string at compile time**
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("{:d}", "I am not a number");
-
-This gives a compile-time error in C++20 because ``d`` is an invalid format
-specifier for a string.
-
-**Write a file from a single thread**
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/os.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
-      out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
-    }
-
-This can be `5 to 9 times faster than fprintf
-<http://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html>`_.
-
-**Print with colors and text styles**
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
-                 "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
-      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
-                 fmt::emphasis::underline, "Hello, {}!\n", "мир");
-      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
-                 "Hello, {}!\n", "世界");
-    }
-
-Output on a modern terminal:
-
-.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/
-           576385/88485597-d312f600-cf2b-11ea-9cbe-61f535a86e28.png
-
-Benchmarks
-----------
-
-Speed tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-================= ============= ===========
-Library           Method        Run Time, s
-================= ============= ===========
-libc              printf          0.91
-libc++            std::ostream    2.49
-{fmt} 9.1         fmt::print      0.74
-Boost Format 1.80 boost::format   6.26
-Folly Format      folly::format   1.87
-================= ============= ===========
-
-{fmt} is the fastest of the benchmarked methods, ~20% faster than ``printf``.
-
-The above results were generated by building ``tinyformat_test.cpp`` on macOS
-12.6.1 with ``clang++ -O3 -DNDEBUG -DSPEED_TEST -DHAVE_FORMAT``, and taking the
-best of three runs. In the test, the format string ``"%0.10f:%04d:%+g:%s:%p:%c:%%\n"``
-or equivalent is filled 2,000,000 times with output sent to ``/dev/null``; for
-further details refer to the `source
-<https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/src/tinyformat-test.cc>`_.
-
-{fmt} is up to 20-30x faster than ``std::ostringstream`` and ``sprintf`` on
-IEEE754 ``float`` and ``double`` formatting (`dtoa-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_)
-and faster than `double-conversion <https://github.com/google/double-conversion>`_ and
-`ryu <https://github.com/ulfjack/ryu>`_:
-
-.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-           95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png
-   :target: https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang12.0.html
-
-Compile time and code bloat
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The script `bloat-test.py
-<https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/bloat-test.py>`_
-from `format-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark>`_
-tests compile time and code bloat for nontrivial projects.
-It generates 100 translation units and uses ``printf()`` or its alternative
-five times in each to simulate a medium-sized project.  The resulting
-executable size and compile time (Apple LLVM version 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42),
-macOS Sierra, best of three) is shown in the following tables.
-
-**Optimized build (-O3)**
-
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-Method        Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-printf                    2.6                   29                 26
-printf+string            16.4                   29                 26
-iostreams                31.1                   59                 55
-{fmt}                    19.0                   37                 34
-Boost Format             91.9                  226                203
-Folly Format            115.7                  101                 88
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-
-As you can see, {fmt} has 60% less overhead in terms of resulting binary code
-size compared to iostreams and comes pretty close to ``printf``. Boost Format
-and Folly Format have the largest overheads.
-
-``printf+string`` is the same as ``printf`` but with an extra ``<string>``
-include to measure the overhead of the latter.
-
-**Non-optimized build**
-
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-Method        Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-printf                    2.2                   33                 30
-printf+string            16.0                   33                 30
-iostreams                28.3                   56                 52
-{fmt}                    18.2                   59                 50
-Boost Format             54.1                  365                303
-Folly Format             79.9                  445                430
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-
-``libc``, ``lib(std)c++``, and ``libfmt`` are all linked as shared libraries to
-compare formatting function overhead only. Boost Format is a
-header-only library so it doesn't provide any linkage options.
-
-Running the tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Please refer to `Building the library`__ for instructions on how to build
-the library and run the unit tests.
-
-__ https://fmt.dev/latest/usage.html#building-the-library
-
-Benchmarks reside in a separate repository,
-`format-benchmarks <https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark>`_,
-so to run the benchmarks you first need to clone this repository and
-generate Makefiles with CMake::
-
-    $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark.git
-    $ cd format-benchmark
-    $ cmake .
-
-Then you can run the speed test::
-
-    $ make speed-test
-
-or the bloat test::
-
-    $ make bloat-test
-    
-Migrating code
---------------
-
-`clang-tidy <https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/>`_ v17 (not yet
-released) provides the `modernize-use-std-print
-<https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/modernize/use-std-print.html>`_
-check that is capable of converting occurrences of ``printf`` and
-``fprintf`` to ``fmt::print`` if configured to do so. (By default it
-converts to ``std::print``.)
-
-Projects using this library
----------------------------
-
-* `0 A.D. <https://play0ad.com/>`_: a free, open-source, cross-platform
-  real-time strategy game
-
-* `AMPL/MP <https://github.com/ampl/mp>`_:
-  an open-source library for mathematical programming
-
-* `Aseprite <https://github.com/aseprite/aseprite>`_:
-  animated sprite editor & pixel art tool 
-
-* `AvioBook <https://www.aviobook.aero/en>`_: a comprehensive aircraft
-  operations suite
-  
-* `Blizzard Battle.net <https://battle.net/>`_: an online gaming platform
-  
-* `Celestia <https://celestia.space/>`_: real-time 3D visualization of space
-
-* `Ceph <https://ceph.com/>`_: a scalable distributed storage system
-
-* `ccache <https://ccache.dev/>`_: a compiler cache
-
-* `ClickHouse <https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse>`_: an analytical database
-  management system
-  
-* `Contour <https://github.com/contour-terminal/contour/>`_: a modern terminal emulator
-
-* `CUAUV <https://cuauv.org/>`_: Cornell University's autonomous underwater
-  vehicle
-
-* `Drake <https://drake.mit.edu/>`_: a planning, control, and analysis toolbox
-  for nonlinear dynamical systems (MIT)
-
-* `Envoy <https://lyft.github.io/envoy/>`_: C++ L7 proxy and communication bus
-  (Lyft)
-
-* `FiveM <https://fivem.net/>`_: a modification framework for GTA V
-
-* `fmtlog <https://github.com/MengRao/fmtlog>`_: a performant fmtlib-style
-  logging library with latency in nanoseconds
-
-* `Folly <https://github.com/facebook/folly>`_: Facebook open-source library
-
-* `GemRB <https://gemrb.org/>`_: a portable open-source implementation of
-  Bioware’s Infinity Engine
-
-* `Grand Mountain Adventure
-  <https://store.steampowered.com/app/1247360/Grand_Mountain_Adventure/>`_:
-  a beautiful open-world ski & snowboarding game
-
-* `HarpyWar/pvpgn <https://github.com/pvpgn/pvpgn-server>`_:
-  Player vs Player Gaming Network with tweaks
-
-* `KBEngine <https://github.com/kbengine/kbengine>`_: an open-source MMOG server
-  engine
-
-* `Keypirinha <https://keypirinha.com/>`_: a semantic launcher for Windows
-
-* `Kodi <https://kodi.tv/>`_ (formerly xbmc): home theater software
-
-* `Knuth <https://kth.cash/>`_: high-performance Bitcoin full-node
-
-* `libunicode <https://github.com/contour-terminal/libunicode/>`_: a modern C++17 Unicode library
-
-* `MariaDB <https://mariadb.org/>`_: relational database management system
-
-* `Microsoft Verona <https://github.com/microsoft/verona>`_:
-  research programming language for concurrent ownership
-
-* `MongoDB <https://mongodb.com/>`_: distributed document database
-
-* `MongoDB Smasher <https://github.com/duckie/mongo_smasher>`_: a small tool to
-  generate randomized datasets
-
-* `OpenSpace <https://openspaceproject.com/>`_: an open-source
-  astrovisualization framework
-
-* `PenUltima Online (POL) <https://www.polserver.com/>`_:
-  an MMO server, compatible with most Ultima Online clients
-
-* `PyTorch <https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch>`_: an open-source machine
-  learning library
-
-* `quasardb <https://www.quasardb.net/>`_: a distributed, high-performance,
-  associative database
-  
-* `Quill <https://github.com/odygrd/quill>`_: asynchronous low-latency logging library
-
-* `QKW <https://github.com/ravijanjam/qkw>`_: generalizing aliasing to simplify
-  navigation, and executing complex multi-line terminal command sequences
-
-* `redis-cerberus <https://github.com/HunanTV/redis-cerberus>`_: a Redis cluster
-  proxy
-
-* `redpanda <https://vectorized.io/redpanda>`_: a 10x faster Kafka® replacement
-  for mission-critical systems written in C++
-
-* `rpclib <http://rpclib.net/>`_: a modern C++ msgpack-RPC server and client
-  library
-
-* `Salesforce Analytics Cloud
-  <https://www.salesforce.com/analytics-cloud/overview/>`_:
-  business intelligence software
-
-* `Scylla <https://www.scylladb.com/>`_: a Cassandra-compatible NoSQL data store
-  that can handle 1 million transactions per second on a single server
-
-* `Seastar <http://www.seastar-project.org/>`_: an advanced, open-source C++
-  framework for high-performance server applications on modern hardware
-
-* `spdlog <https://github.com/gabime/spdlog>`_: super fast C++ logging library
-
-* `Stellar <https://www.stellar.org/>`_: financial platform
-
-* `Touch Surgery <https://www.touchsurgery.com/>`_: surgery simulator
-
-* `TrinityCore <https://github.com/TrinityCore/TrinityCore>`_: open-source
-  MMORPG framework
-
-* `🐙 userver framework <https://userver.tech/>`_: open-source asynchronous
-  framework with a rich set of abstractions and database drivers
-
-* `Windows Terminal <https://github.com/microsoft/terminal>`_: the new Windows
-  terminal
-
-`More... <https://github.com/search?q=fmtlib&type=Code>`_
-
-If you are aware of other projects using this library, please let me know
-by `email <mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com>`_ or by submitting an
-`issue <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues>`_.
-
-Motivation
-----------
-
-So why yet another formatting library?
-
-There are plenty of methods for doing this task, from standard ones like
-the printf family of function and iostreams to Boost Format and FastFormat
-libraries. The reason for creating a new library is that every existing
-solution that I found either had serious issues or didn't provide
-all the features I needed.
-
-printf
-~~~~~~
-
-The good thing about ``printf`` is that it is pretty fast and readily available
-being a part of the C standard library. The main drawback is that it
-doesn't support user-defined types. ``printf`` also has safety issues although
-they are somewhat mitigated with `__attribute__ ((format (printf, ...))
-<https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html>`_ in GCC.
-There is a POSIX extension that adds positional arguments required for
-`i18n <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization>`_
-to ``printf`` but it is not a part of C99 and may not be available on some
-platforms.
-
-iostreams
-~~~~~~~~~
-
-The main issue with iostreams is best illustrated with an example:
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
-
-which is a lot of typing compared to printf:
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    printf("%.2f\n", 1.23456);
-
-Matthew Wilson, the author of FastFormat, called this "chevron hell". iostreams
-don't support positional arguments by design.
-
-The good part is that iostreams support user-defined types and are safe although
-error handling is awkward.
-
-Boost Format
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This is a very powerful library that supports both ``printf``-like format
-strings and positional arguments. Its main drawback is performance. According to
-various benchmarks, it is much slower than other methods considered here. Boost
-Format also has excessive build times and severe code bloat issues (see
-`Benchmarks`_).
-
-FastFormat
-~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This is an interesting library that is fast, safe, and has positional arguments.
-However, it has significant limitations, citing its author:
-
-    Three features that have no hope of being accommodated within the
-    current design are:
-
-    * Leading zeros (or any other non-space padding)
-    * Octal/hexadecimal encoding
-    * Runtime width/alignment specification
-
-It is also quite big and has a heavy dependency, STLSoft, which might be too
-restrictive for using it in some projects.
-
-Boost Spirit.Karma
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This is not a formatting library but I decided to include it here for
-completeness. As iostreams, it suffers from the problem of mixing verbatim text
-with arguments. The library is pretty fast, but slower on integer formatting
-than ``fmt::format_to`` with format string compilation on Karma's own benchmark,
-see `Converting a hundred million integers to strings per second
-<http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_.
-
-License
--------
-
-{fmt} is distributed under the MIT `license
-<https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_.
-
-Documentation License
----------------------
-
-The `Format String Syntax <https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html>`_
-section in the documentation is based on the one from Python `string module
-documentation <https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string>`_.
-For this reason, the documentation is distributed under the Python Software
-Foundation license available in `doc/python-license.txt
-<https://raw.github.com/fmtlib/fmt/master/doc/python-license.txt>`_.
-It only applies if you distribute the documentation of {fmt}.
-
-Maintainers
------------
-
-The {fmt} library is maintained by Victor Zverovich (`vitaut
-<https://github.com/vitaut>`_) with contributions from many other people.
-See `Contributors <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/graphs/contributors>`_ and
-`Releases <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases>`_ for some of the names.
-Let us know if your contribution is not listed or mentioned incorrectly and
-we'll make it right.

dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\args.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\base.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\chrono.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\color.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\compile.h" />

dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj.filters

@@ -18,5 +18,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\args.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\chrono.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\color.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\base.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

dep/fmt/include/fmt/args.h

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
 #ifndef FMT_ARGS_H_
 #define FMT_ARGS_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <functional>  // std::reference_wrapper
 #  include <memory>      // std::unique_ptr
 #  include <vector>
+#endif
 
-#include "core.h"
+#include "format.h"  // std_string_view
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
@@ -22,20 +24,24 @@ template <typename T> struct is_reference_wrapper : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T>
 struct is_reference_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type {};
 
-template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const T& v) { return v; }
+template <typename T> auto unwrap(const T& v) -> const T& { return v; }
-template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const std::reference_wrapper<T>& v) {
+template <typename T>
+auto unwrap(const std::reference_wrapper<T>& v) -> const T& {
   return static_cast<const T&>(v);
 }
 
-class dynamic_arg_list {
+// node is defined outside dynamic_arg_list to workaround a C2504 bug in MSVC
+// 2022 (v17.10.0).
+//
 // Workaround for clang's -Wweak-vtables. Unlike for regular classes, for
 // templates it doesn't complain about inability to deduce single translation
-  // unit for placing vtable. So storage_node_base is made a fake template.
+// unit for placing vtable. So node is made a fake template.
 template <typename = void> struct node {
   virtual ~node() = default;
   std::unique_ptr<node<>> next;
 };
 
+class dynamic_arg_list {
   template <typename T> struct typed_node : node<> {
     T value;
 
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ class dynamic_arg_list {
   std::unique_ptr<node<>> head_;
 
  public:
-  template <typename T, typename Arg> const T& push(const Arg& arg) {
+  template <typename T, typename Arg> auto push(const Arg& arg) -> const T& {
     auto new_node = std::unique_ptr<typed_node<T>>(new typed_node<T>(arg));
     auto& value = new_node->value;
     new_node->next = std::move(head_);
@@ -61,14 +67,10 @@ class dynamic_arg_list {
 }  // namespace detail
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * A dynamic list of formatting arguments with storage.
-  A dynamic version of `fmt::format_arg_store`.
+ *
-  It's equipped with a storage to potentially temporary objects which lifetimes
+ * It can be implicitly converted into `fmt::basic_format_args` for passing
-  could be shorter than the format arguments object.
+ * into type-erased formatting functions such as `fmt::vformat`.
-
-  It can be implicitly converted into `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing
-  into type-erased formatting functions such as `~fmt::vformat`.
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename Context>
 class dynamic_format_arg_store
@@ -110,14 +112,14 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
 
   friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
 
-  unsigned long long get_types() const {
+  auto get_types() const -> unsigned long long {
     return detail::is_unpacked_bit | data_.size() |
            (named_info_.empty()
                 ? 0ULL
                 : static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit));
   }
 
-  const basic_format_arg<Context>* data() const {
+  auto data() const -> const basic_format_arg<Context>* {
     return named_info_.empty() ? data_.data() : data_.data() + 1;
   }
 
@@ -146,21 +148,19 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
   constexpr dynamic_format_arg_store() = default;
 
   /**
-    \rst
+   * Adds an argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
-    Adds an argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+   * function.
-    function.
+   *
-
+   * Note that custom types and string types (but not string views) are copied
-    Note that custom types and string types (but not string views) are copied
+   * into the store dynamically allocating memory if necessary.
-    into the store dynamically allocating memory if necessary.
+   *
-
+   * **Example**:
-    **Example**::
+   *
-
+   *     fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
-      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+   *     store.push_back(42);
-      store.push_back(42);
+   *     store.push_back("abc");
-      store.push_back("abc");
+   *     store.push_back(1.5f);
-      store.push_back(1.5f);
+   *     std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {} and {}", store);
-      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {} and {}", store);
-    \endrst
    */
   template <typename T> void push_back(const T& arg) {
     if (detail::const_check(need_copy<T>::value))
@@ -170,19 +170,17 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
   }
 
   /**
-    \rst
+   * Adds a reference to the argument into the dynamic store for later passing
-    Adds a reference to the argument into the dynamic store for later passing to
+   * to a formatting function.
-    a formatting function.
+   *
-
+   * **Example**:
-    **Example**::
+   *
-
+   *     fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
-      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+   *     char band[] = "Rolling Stones";
-      char band[] = "Rolling Stones";
+   *     store.push_back(std::cref(band));
-      store.push_back(std::cref(band));
+   *     band[9] = 'c'; // Changing str affects the output.
-      band[9] = 'c'; // Changing str affects the output.
+   *     std::string result = fmt::vformat("{}", store);
-      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{}", store);
+   *     // result == "Rolling Scones"
-      // result == "Rolling Scones"
-    \endrst
    */
   template <typename T> void push_back(std::reference_wrapper<T> arg) {
     static_assert(
@@ -192,9 +190,9 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
   }
 
   /**
-    Adds named argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+   * Adds named argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a
-    function. ``std::reference_wrapper`` is supported to avoid copying of the
+   * formatting function. `std::reference_wrapper` is supported to avoid
-    argument. The name is always copied into the store.
+   * copying of the argument. The name is always copied into the store.
    */
   template <typename T>
   void push_back(const detail::named_arg<char_type, T>& arg) {
@@ -208,19 +206,15 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
     }
   }
 
-  /** Erase all elements from the store */
+  /// Erase all elements from the store.
   void clear() {
     data_.clear();
     named_info_.clear();
     dynamic_args_ = detail::dynamic_arg_list();
   }
 
-  /**
+  /// Reserves space to store at least `new_cap` arguments including
-    \rst
+  /// `new_cap_named` named arguments.
-    Reserves space to store at least *new_cap* arguments including
-    *new_cap_named* named arguments.
-    \endrst
-  */
   void reserve(size_t new_cap, size_t new_cap_named) {
     FMT_ASSERT(new_cap >= new_cap_named,
                "Set of arguments includes set of named arguments");

dep/fmt/include/fmt/color.h

@@ -227,19 +227,19 @@ struct color_type {
 };
 }  // namespace detail
 
-/** A text style consisting of foreground and background colors and emphasis. */
+/// A text style consisting of foreground and background colors and emphasis.
 class text_style {
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(emphasis em = emphasis()) noexcept
       : set_foreground_color(), set_background_color(), ems(em) {}
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& operator|=(const text_style& rhs) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator|=(const text_style& rhs) -> text_style& {
     if (!set_foreground_color) {
       set_foreground_color = rhs.set_foreground_color;
       foreground_color = rhs.foreground_color;
     } else if (rhs.set_foreground_color) {
       if (!foreground_color.is_rgb || !rhs.foreground_color.is_rgb)
-        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+        report_error("can't OR a terminal color");
       foreground_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.foreground_color.value.rgb_color;
     }
 
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class text_style {
       background_color = rhs.background_color;
     } else if (rhs.set_background_color) {
       if (!background_color.is_rgb || !rhs.background_color.is_rgb)
-        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+        report_error("can't OR a terminal color");
       background_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.background_color.value.rgb_color;
     }
 
@@ -257,29 +257,29 @@ class text_style {
     return *this;
   }
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator|(text_style lhs,
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator|(text_style lhs, const text_style& rhs)
-                                            const text_style& rhs) {
+      -> text_style {
     return lhs |= rhs;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_foreground() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_foreground() const noexcept -> bool {
     return set_foreground_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_background() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_background() const noexcept -> bool {
     return set_background_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_emphasis() const noexcept -> bool {
     return static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) != 0;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_foreground() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_foreground() const noexcept -> detail::color_type {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_foreground(), "no foreground specified for this style");
     return foreground_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_background() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_background() const noexcept -> detail::color_type {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_background(), "no background specified for this style");
     return background_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR emphasis get_emphasis() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_emphasis() const noexcept -> emphasis {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_emphasis(), "no emphasis specified for this style");
     return ems;
   }
@@ -297,9 +297,11 @@ class text_style {
     }
   }
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept;
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept
+      -> text_style;
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept;
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept
+      -> text_style;
 
   detail::color_type foreground_color;
   detail::color_type background_color;
@@ -308,17 +310,20 @@ class text_style {
   emphasis ems;
 };
 
-/** Creates a text style from the foreground (text) color. */
+/// Creates a text style from the foreground (text) color.
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept
+    -> text_style {
   return text_style(true, foreground);
 }
 
-/** Creates a text style from the background color. */
+/// Creates a text style from the background color.
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept
+    -> text_style {
   return text_style(false, background);
 }
 
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style operator|(emphasis lhs, emphasis rhs) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto operator|(emphasis lhs, emphasis rhs) noexcept
+    -> text_style {
   return text_style(lhs) | rhs;
 }
 
@@ -384,9 +389,9 @@ template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR operator const Char*() const noexcept { return buffer; }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* begin() const noexcept { return buffer; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto begin() const noexcept -> const Char* { return buffer; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS const Char* end() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto end() const noexcept -> const Char* {
-    return buffer + std::char_traits<Char>::length(buffer);
+    return buffer + basic_string_view<Char>(buffer).size();
   }
 
  private:
@@ -400,25 +405,27 @@ template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
     out[2] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c % 10);
     out[3] = static_cast<Char>(delimiter);
   }
-  static FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis(emphasis em, emphasis mask) noexcept {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_emphasis(emphasis em, emphasis mask) noexcept
+      -> bool {
     return static_cast<uint8_t>(em) & static_cast<uint8_t>(mask);
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_foreground_color(
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_foreground_color(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept
-    detail::color_type foreground) noexcept {
+    -> ansi_color_escape<Char> {
   return ansi_color_escape<Char>(foreground, "\x1b[38;2;");
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_background_color(
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_background_color(detail::color_type background) noexcept
-    detail::color_type background) noexcept {
+    -> ansi_color_escape<Char> {
   return ansi_color_escape<Char>(background, "\x1b[48;2;");
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_emphasis(emphasis em) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_emphasis(emphasis em) noexcept
+    -> ansi_color_escape<Char> {
   return ansi_color_escape<Char>(em);
 }
 
@@ -427,15 +434,16 @@ template <typename Char> inline void reset_color(buffer<Char>& buffer) {
   buffer.append(reset_color.begin(), reset_color.end());
 }
 
-template <typename T> struct styled_arg {
+template <typename T> struct styled_arg : detail::view {
   const T& value;
   text_style style;
+  styled_arg(const T& v, text_style s) : value(v), style(s) {}
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
+void vformat_to(
-                basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+    basic_format_args<buffered_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   bool has_style = false;
   if (ts.has_emphasis()) {
     has_style = true;
@@ -458,118 +466,92 @@ void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
 
 }  // namespace detail
 
-inline void vprint(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
+inline void vprint(FILE* f, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
                    format_args args) {
-  // Legacy wide streams are not supported.
   auto buf = memory_buffer();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
-  if (detail::is_utf8()) {
+  print(f, FMT_STRING("{}"), string_view(buf.begin(), buf.size()));
-    detail::print(f, string_view(buf.begin(), buf.size()));
-    return;
-  }
-  buf.push_back('\0');
-  int result = std::fputs(buf.data(), f);
-  if (result < 0)
-    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot write to file")));
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats a string and prints it to the specified file stream using ANSI
-  Formats a string and prints it to the specified file stream using ANSI
+ * escape sequences to specify text formatting.
-  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+ *                "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
  */
-template <typename S, typename... Args,
+template <typename... T>
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+void print(FILE* f, const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt,
-void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+           T&&... args) {
-           const Args&... args) {
+  vprint(f, ts, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-  vprint(f, ts, format_str,
-         fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<char_t<S>>>(args...));
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
-  Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
+ * specify text formatting.
-  specify text formatting.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+ *                "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
  */
-template <typename S, typename... Args,
+template <typename... T>
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+void print(const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-void print(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  return print(stdout, ts, fmt, std::forward<T>(args)...);
-  return print(stdout, ts, format_str, args...);
 }
 
-template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto vformat(const text_style& ts, string_view fmt, format_args args)
-inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    -> std::string {
-    const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+  auto buf = memory_buffer();
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
-  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args);
   return fmt::to_string(buf);
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats arguments and returns the result as a string using ANSI escape
-  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string using ANSI
+ * sequences to specify text formatting.
-  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ * ```
-    #include <fmt/color.h>
+ * #include <fmt/color.h>
-    std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+ * std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-                                      "The answer is {}", 42);
+ *                                   "The answer is {}", 42);
-  \endrst
+ * ```
  */
-template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+template <typename... T>
-inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+inline auto format(const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-                                      const Args&... args) {
+    -> std::string {
-  return fmt::vformat(ts, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
+  return fmt::vformat(ts, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-                      fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-/**
+/// Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to `out`.
-  Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to ``out``.
+template <typename OutputIt,
- */
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value)>
+                format_args args) -> OutputIt {
-OutputIt vformat_to(
+  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<char>(out);
-    OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
-  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, format_str, args);
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats arguments with the given text style, writes the result to the output
-  Formats arguments with the given text_style, writes the result to the output
+ * iterator `out` and returns the iterator past the end of the output range.
-  iterator ``out`` and returns the iterator past the end of the output range.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     std::vector<char> out;
-    std::vector<char> out;
+ *     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
-    fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
+ *                    fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red), "{}", 42);
-                   fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red), "{}", 42);
-  \endrst
  */
-template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
-          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value&&
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
-              detail::is_string<S>::value>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts,
-inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+                      format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
-                      Args&&... args) ->
+  return vformat_to(out, ts, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
-  return vformat_to(out, ts, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                    fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<char_t<S>>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename Char>
@@ -609,16 +591,14 @@ struct formatter<detail::styled_arg<T>, Char> : formatter<T, Char> {
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Returns an argument that will be formatted using ANSI escape sequences,
-  Returns an argument that will be formatted using ANSI escape sequences,
+ * to be used in a formatting function.
-  to be used in a formatting function.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds",
-    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds",
+ *                fmt::styled(1.23, fmt::fg(fmt::color::green) |
-               fmt::styled(1.23, fmt::fg(fmt::color::green) |
+ *                                  fmt::bg(fmt::color::blue)));
-                                 fmt::bg(fmt::color::blue)));
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename T>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto styled(const T& value, text_style ts)

dep/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h

@@ -8,39 +8,41 @@
 #ifndef FMT_COMPILE_H_
 #define FMT_COMPILE_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <iterator>  // std::back_inserter
+#endif
+
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace detail {
-
-template <typename Char, typename InputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline counting_iterator copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
-                                                counting_iterator it) {
-  return it + (end - begin);
-}
 
 // A compile-time string which is compiled into fast formatting code.
-class compiled_string {};
+FMT_EXPORT class compiled_string {};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T, typename InputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, counting_iterator it)
+    -> counting_iterator {
+  return it + (end - begin);
+}
 
 template <typename S>
 struct is_compiled_string : std::is_base_of<compiled_string, S> {};
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Converts a string literal `s` into a format string that will be parsed at
-  Converts a string literal *s* into a format string that will be parsed at
+ * compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
-  compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
+ * `constexpr if` compiler support.
-  ``constexpr if`` compiler support.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
-    // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
+ *     // runtime format string processing.
-    // runtime format string processing.
+ *     std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
-    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
-  \endrst
  */
 #if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr) && defined(__cpp_return_type_deduction)
-#  define FMT_COMPILE(s) \
+#  define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::compiled_string, explicit)
-    FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::detail::compiled_string, explicit)
 #else
 #  define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING(s)
 #endif
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ struct udl_compiled_string : compiled_string {
 #endif
 
 template <typename T, typename... Tail>
-const T& first(const T& value, const Tail&...) {
+auto first(const T& value, const Tail&...) -> const T& {
   return value;
 }
 
@@ -144,9 +146,9 @@ template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct field {
   template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
   constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
     const T& arg = get_arg_checked<T, N>(args...);
-    if constexpr (std::is_convertible_v<T, basic_string_view<Char>>) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_convertible<T, basic_string_view<Char>>::value) {
       auto s = basic_string_view<Char>(arg);
-      return copy_str<Char>(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
+      return copy<Char>(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
     }
     return write<Char>(out, arg);
   }
@@ -236,13 +238,12 @@ constexpr size_t parse_text(basic_string_view<Char> str, size_t pos) {
 }
 
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
-constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str);
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S fmt);
 
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename T, typename S>
-constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S format_str) {
+constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S fmt) {
-  if constexpr (POS !=
+  if constexpr (POS != basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(fmt).size()) {
-                basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str).size()) {
+    constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(fmt);
-    constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(format_str);
     if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(tail)>,
                                unknown_format>())
       return tail;
@@ -313,14 +314,13 @@ struct field_type<T, enable_if_t<detail::is_named_arg<T>::value>> {
 
 template <typename T, typename Args, size_t END_POS, int ARG_INDEX, int NEXT_ID,
           typename S>
-constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
+constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S fmt) {
   using char_type = typename S::char_type;
-  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(format_str);
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(fmt);
   constexpr char_type c = END_POS != str.size() ? str[END_POS] : char_type();
   if constexpr (c == '}') {
     return parse_tail<Args, END_POS + 1, NEXT_ID>(
-        field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>(),
+        field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>(), fmt);
-        format_str);
   } else if constexpr (c != ':') {
     FMT_THROW(format_error("expected ':'"));
   } else {
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
       return parse_tail<Args, result.end + 1, result.next_arg_id>(
           spec_field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>{
               result.fmt},
-          format_str);
+          fmt);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -341,22 +341,21 @@ constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
 // Compiles a non-empty format string and returns the compiled representation
 // or unknown_format() on unrecognized input.
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
-constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S fmt) {
   using char_type = typename S::char_type;
-  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(format_str);
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(fmt);
   if constexpr (str[POS] == '{') {
     if constexpr (POS + 1 == str.size())
       FMT_THROW(format_error("unmatched '{' in format string"));
     if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '{') {
-      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), fmt);
     } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '}' || str[POS + 1] == ':') {
       static_assert(ID != manual_indexing_id,
                     "cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
       constexpr auto next_id =
           ID != manual_indexing_id ? ID + 1 : manual_indexing_id;
       return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<get_type<ID, Args>, Args,
-                                               POS + 1, ID, next_id>(
+                                               POS + 1, ID, next_id>(fmt);
-          format_str);
     } else {
       constexpr auto arg_id_result =
           parse_arg_id<ID>(str.data() + POS + 1, str.data() + str.size());
@@ -372,7 +371,7 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
         return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<get_type<arg_index, Args>,
                                                  Args, arg_id_end_pos,
                                                  arg_index, manual_indexing_id>(
-            format_str);
+            fmt);
       } else if constexpr (arg_id_result.arg_id.kind == arg_id_kind::name) {
         constexpr auto arg_index =
             get_arg_index_by_name(arg_id_result.arg_id.val.name, Args{});
@@ -381,11 +380,11 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
               ID != manual_indexing_id ? ID + 1 : manual_indexing_id;
           return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<
               decltype(get_type<arg_index, Args>::value), Args, arg_id_end_pos,
-              arg_index, next_id>(format_str);
+              arg_index, next_id>(fmt);
         } else if constexpr (c == '}') {
           return parse_tail<Args, arg_id_end_pos + 1, ID>(
               runtime_named_field<char_type>{arg_id_result.arg_id.val.name},
-              format_str);
+              fmt);
         } else if constexpr (c == ':') {
           return unknown_format();  // no type info for specs parsing
         }
@@ -394,29 +393,26 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
   } else if constexpr (str[POS] == '}') {
     if constexpr (POS + 1 == str.size())
       FMT_THROW(format_error("unmatched '}' in format string"));
-    return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+    return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), fmt);
   } else {
     constexpr auto end = parse_text(str, POS + 1);
     if constexpr (end - POS > 1) {
-      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(make_text(str, POS, end - POS),
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(make_text(str, POS, end - POS), fmt);
-                                       format_str);
     } else {
-      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(code_unit<char_type>{str[POS]},
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(code_unit<char_type>{str[POS]}, fmt);
-                                       format_str);
     }
   }
 }
 
 template <typename... Args, typename S,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-constexpr auto compile(S format_str) {
+constexpr auto compile(S fmt) {
-  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str);
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(fmt);
   if constexpr (str.size() == 0) {
     return detail::make_text(str, 0, 0);
   } else {
     constexpr auto result =
-        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(
+        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(fmt);
-            format_str);
     return result;
   }
 }
@@ -488,34 +484,33 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const S&, Args&&... args) {
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-format_to_n_result<OutputIt> format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n,
+auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S& fmt, Args&&... args)
-                                         const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+    -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
   using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
   auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, traits>(out, n);
-  format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), format_str, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
   return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 size_t formatted_size(const S& format_str,
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto formatted_size(const S& fmt, const Args&... args)
-                                      const Args&... args) {
+    -> size_t {
-  return fmt::format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), format_str, args...)
+  return fmt::format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), fmt, args...).count();
-      .count();
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-void print(std::FILE* f, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+void print(std::FILE* f, const S& fmt, const Args&... args) {
   memory_buffer buffer;
-  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buffer), format_str, args...);
+  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buffer), fmt, args...);
   detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-void print(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+void print(const S& fmt, const Args&... args) {
-  print(stdout, format_str, args...);
+  print(stdout, fmt, args...);
 }
 
 #if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS

dep/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h

@@ -8,17 +8,19 @@
 #ifndef FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
 #define FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <algorithm>
 #  include <cerrno>  // errno
 #  include <climits>
 #  include <cmath>
 #  include <exception>
 
-#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+#  if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
 #    include <locale>
 #  endif
+#endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(FMT_USE_WRITE_CONSOLE)
 #  include <io.h>  // _isatty
 #endif
 
@@ -36,10 +38,6 @@ FMT_FUNC void assert_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
   std::terminate();
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC void throw_format_error(const char* message) {
-  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
-}
-
 FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                 string_view message) noexcept {
   // Report error code making sure that the output fits into
@@ -56,10 +54,10 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
     ++error_code_size;
   }
   error_code_size += detail::to_unsigned(detail::count_digits(abs_value));
-  auto it = buffer_appender<char>(out);
+  auto it = appender(out);
   if (message.size() <= inline_buffer_size - error_code_size)
-    format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), message, SEP);
+    fmt::format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), message, SEP);
-  format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), ERROR_STR, error_code);
+  fmt::format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), ERROR_STR, error_code);
   FMT_ASSERT(out.size() <= inline_buffer_size, "");
 }
 
@@ -73,9 +71,8 @@ FMT_FUNC void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
 }
 
 // A wrapper around fwrite that throws on error.
-inline void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t size, size_t count,
+inline void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t count, FILE* stream) {
-                         FILE* stream) {
+  size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, 1, count, stream);
-  size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, size, count, stream);
   if (written < count)
     FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot write to file")));
 }
@@ -86,7 +83,7 @@ locale_ref::locale_ref(const Locale& loc) : locale_(&loc) {
   static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
 }
 
-template <typename Locale> Locale locale_ref::get() const {
+template <typename Locale> auto locale_ref::get() const -> Locale {
   static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
   return locale_ ? *static_cast<const std::locale*>(locale_) : std::locale();
 }
@@ -98,7 +95,8 @@ FMT_FUNC auto thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref loc) -> thousands_sep_result<Char> {
   auto thousands_sep = grouping.empty() ? Char() : facet.thousands_sep();
   return {std::move(grouping), thousands_sep};
 }
-template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_FUNC auto decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) -> Char {
   return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
       .decimal_point();
 }
@@ -113,8 +111,12 @@ template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) {
 #endif
 
 FMT_FUNC auto write_loc(appender out, loc_value value,
-                        const format_specs<>& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool {
+                        const format_specs& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool {
-#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+#ifdef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+  value.visit(loc_writer<>{
+      out, specs, std::string(1, FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR), "\3", "."});
+  return true;
+#else
   auto locale = loc.get<std::locale>();
   // We cannot use the num_put<char> facet because it may produce output in
   // a wrong encoding.
@@ -123,10 +125,13 @@ FMT_FUNC auto write_loc(appender out, loc_value value,
     return std::use_facet<facet>(locale).put(out, value, specs);
   return facet(locale).put(out, value, specs);
 #endif
-  return false;
 }
 }  // namespace detail
 
+FMT_FUNC void report_error(const char* message) {
+  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
+}
+
 template <typename Locale> typename Locale::id format_facet<Locale>::id;
 
 #ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
@@ -138,30 +143,31 @@ template <typename Locale> format_facet<Locale>::format_facet(Locale& loc) {
 
 template <>
 FMT_API FMT_FUNC auto format_facet<std::locale>::do_put(
-    appender out, loc_value val, const format_specs<>& specs) const -> bool {
+    appender out, loc_value val, const format_specs& specs) const -> bool {
   return val.visit(
       detail::loc_writer<>{out, specs, separator_, grouping_, decimal_point_});
 }
 #endif
 
-FMT_FUNC std::system_error vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view fmt,
+FMT_FUNC auto vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view fmt, format_args args)
-                                         format_args args) {
+    -> std::system_error {
   auto ec = std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category());
   return std::system_error(ec, vformat(fmt, args));
 }
 
 namespace detail {
 
-template <typename F> inline bool operator==(basic_fp<F> x, basic_fp<F> y) {
+template <typename F>
+inline auto operator==(basic_fp<F> x, basic_fp<F> y) -> bool {
   return x.f == y.f && x.e == y.e;
 }
 
 // Compilers should be able to optimize this into the ror instruction.
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint32_t rotr(uint32_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto rotr(uint32_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept -> uint32_t {
   r &= 31;
   return (n >> r) | (n << (32 - r));
 }
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint64_t rotr(uint64_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto rotr(uint64_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   r &= 63;
   return (n >> r) | (n << (64 - r));
 }
@@ -170,14 +176,14 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint64_t rotr(uint64_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept {
 namespace dragonbox {
 // Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 64-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint64_t umul96_upper64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul96_upper64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   return umul128_upper64(static_cast<uint64_t>(x) << 32, y);
 }
 
 // Computes lower 128 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 128-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint128_fallback umul192_lower128(uint64_t x,
+inline auto umul192_lower128(uint64_t x, uint128_fallback y) noexcept
-                                         uint128_fallback y) noexcept {
+    -> uint128_fallback {
   uint64_t high = x * y.high();
   uint128_fallback high_low = umul128(x, y.low());
   return {high + high_low.high(), high_low.low()};
@@ -185,12 +191,12 @@ inline uint128_fallback umul192_lower128(uint64_t x,
 
 // Computes lower 64 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 64-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint64_t umul96_lower64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul96_lower64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   return x * y;
 }
 
 // Various fast log computations.
-inline int floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(int e) noexcept {
+inline auto floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(int e) noexcept -> int {
   FMT_ASSERT(e <= 2936 && e >= -2985, "too large exponent");
   return (e * 631305 - 261663) >> 21;
 }
@@ -204,7 +210,7 @@ FMT_INLINE_VARIABLE constexpr struct {
 // divisible by pow(10, N).
 // Precondition: n <= pow(10, N + 1).
 template <int N>
-bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(uint32_t& n) noexcept {
+auto check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(uint32_t& n) noexcept -> bool {
   // The numbers below are chosen such that:
   //   1. floor(n/d) = floor(nm / 2^k) where d=10 or d=100,
   //   2. nm mod 2^k < m if and only if n is divisible by d,
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(uint32_t& n) noexcept {
 
 // Computes floor(n / pow(10, N)) for small n and N.
 // Precondition: n <= pow(10, N + 1).
-template <int N> uint32_t small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) noexcept {
+template <int N> auto small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) noexcept -> uint32_t {
   constexpr auto info = div_small_pow10_infos[N - 1];
   FMT_ASSERT(n <= info.divisor * 10, "n is too large");
   constexpr uint32_t magic_number =
@@ -238,12 +244,12 @@ template <int N> uint32_t small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) noexcept {
 }
 
 // Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (float)
-inline uint32_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint32_t n) noexcept {
+inline auto divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint32_t n) noexcept -> uint32_t {
   // 1374389535 = ceil(2^37/100)
   return static_cast<uint32_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(n) * 1374389535) >> 37);
 }
 // Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (double)
-inline uint64_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint64_t n) noexcept {
+inline auto divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint64_t n) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   // 2361183241434822607 = ceil(2^(64+7)/1000)
   return umul128_upper64(n, 2361183241434822607ull) >> 7;
 }
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
   using carrier_uint = float_info<float>::carrier_uint;
   using cache_entry_type = uint64_t;
 
-  static uint64_t get_cached_power(int k) noexcept {
+  static auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint64_t {
     FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<float>::min_k && k <= float_info<float>::max_k,
                "k is out of range");
     static constexpr const uint64_t pow10_significands[] = {
@@ -297,20 +303,23 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
     bool is_integer;
   };
 
-  static compute_mul_result compute_mul(
+  static auto compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
-      carrier_uint u, const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept {
+                          const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_result {
     auto r = umul96_upper64(u, cache);
     return {static_cast<carrier_uint>(r >> 32),
             static_cast<carrier_uint>(r) == 0};
   }
 
-  static uint32_t compute_delta(const cache_entry_type& cache,
+  static auto compute_delta(const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept
-                                int beta) noexcept {
+      -> uint32_t {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache >> (64 - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static compute_mul_parity_result compute_mul_parity(
+  static auto compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
-      carrier_uint two_f, const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_parity_result {
     FMT_ASSERT(beta >= 1, "");
     FMT_ASSERT(beta < 64, "");
 
@@ -319,22 +328,22 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
             static_cast<uint32_t>(r >> (32 - beta)) == 0};
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+  static auto compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
         (cache - (cache >> (num_significand_bits<float>() + 2))) >>
         (64 - num_significand_bits<float>() - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+  static auto compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
         (cache + (cache >> (num_significand_bits<float>() + 1))) >>
         (64 - num_significand_bits<float>() - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+  static auto compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return (static_cast<carrier_uint>(
                 cache >> (64 - num_significand_bits<float>() - 2 - beta)) +
             1) /
@@ -346,7 +355,7 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
   using carrier_uint = float_info<double>::carrier_uint;
   using cache_entry_type = uint128_fallback;
 
-  static uint128_fallback get_cached_power(int k) noexcept {
+  static auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint128_fallback {
     FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<double>::min_k && k <= float_info<double>::max_k,
                "k is out of range");
 
@@ -985,8 +994,7 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
       {0xe0accfa875af45a7, 0x93eb1b80a33b8606},
       {0x8c6c01c9498d8b88, 0xbc72f130660533c4},
       {0xaf87023b9bf0ee6a, 0xeb8fad7c7f8680b5},
-      { 0xdb68c2ca82ed2a05,
+      {0xdb68c2ca82ed2a05, 0xa67398db9f6820e2},
-        0xa67398db9f6820e2 }
 #else
       {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b},
       {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
@@ -1071,19 +1079,22 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
     bool is_integer;
   };
 
-  static compute_mul_result compute_mul(
+  static auto compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
-      carrier_uint u, const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept {
+                          const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_result {
     auto r = umul192_upper128(u, cache);
     return {r.high(), r.low() == 0};
   }
 
-  static uint32_t compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache,
+  static auto compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache, int beta) noexcept
-                                int beta) noexcept {
+      -> uint32_t {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache.high() >> (64 - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static compute_mul_parity_result compute_mul_parity(
+  static auto compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
-      carrier_uint two_f, const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_parity_result {
     FMT_ASSERT(beta >= 1, "");
     FMT_ASSERT(beta < 64, "");
 
@@ -1092,35 +1103,35 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
             ((r.high() << beta) | (r.low() >> (64 - beta))) == 0};
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+  static auto compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return (cache.high() -
             (cache.high() >> (num_significand_bits<double>() + 2))) >>
            (64 - num_significand_bits<double>() - 1 - beta);
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+  static auto compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return (cache.high() +
             (cache.high() >> (num_significand_bits<double>() + 1))) >>
            (64 - num_significand_bits<double>() - 1 - beta);
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+  static auto compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return ((cache.high() >> (64 - num_significand_bits<double>() - 2 - beta)) +
             1) /
            2;
   }
 };
 
-FMT_FUNC uint128_fallback get_cached_power(int k) noexcept {
+FMT_FUNC auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint128_fallback {
   return cache_accessor<double>::get_cached_power(k);
 }
 
 // Various integer checks
 template <typename T>
-bool is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(int exponent) noexcept {
+auto is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(int exponent) noexcept -> bool {
   const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
   const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 3;
   return exponent >= case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
@@ -1168,7 +1179,7 @@ FMT_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint64_t& n) noexcept {
 
   // If n is not divisible by 10^8, work with n itself.
   constexpr uint64_t mod_inv_5 = 0xcccccccccccccccd;
-  constexpr uint64_t mod_inv_25 = 0x8f5c28f5c28f5c29; // = mod_inv_5 * mod_inv_5
+  constexpr uint64_t mod_inv_25 = 0x8f5c28f5c28f5c29;  // mod_inv_5 * mod_inv_5
 
   int s = 0;
   while (true) {
@@ -1234,7 +1245,7 @@ FMT_INLINE decimal_fp<T> shorter_interval_case(int exponent) noexcept {
   return ret_value;
 }
 
-template <typename T> decimal_fp<T> to_decimal(T x) noexcept {
+template <typename T> auto to_decimal(T x) noexcept -> decimal_fp<T> {
   // Step 1: integer promotion & Schubfach multiplier calculation.
 
   using carrier_uint = typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
@@ -1373,14 +1384,14 @@ template <> struct formatter<detail::bigint> {
     for (auto i = n.bigits_.size(); i > 0; --i) {
       auto value = n.bigits_[i - 1u];
       if (first) {
-        out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:x}"), value);
+        out = fmt::format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:x}"), value);
         first = false;
         continue;
       }
-      out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:08x}"), value);
+      out = fmt::format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:08x}"), value);
     }
     if (n.exp_ > 0)
-      out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("p{}"),
+      out = fmt::format_to(out, FMT_STRING("p{}"),
                            n.exp_ * detail::bigint::bigit_bits);
     return out;
   }
@@ -1405,7 +1416,7 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                   const char* message) noexcept {
   FMT_TRY {
     auto ec = std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category());
-    write(std::back_inserter(out), std::system_error(ec, message).what());
+    detail::write(appender(out), std::system_error(ec, message).what());
     return;
   }
   FMT_CATCH(...) {}
@@ -1417,7 +1428,7 @@ FMT_FUNC void report_system_error(int error_code,
   report_error(format_system_error, error_code, message);
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC std::string vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC auto vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) -> std::string {
   // Don't optimize the "{}" case to keep the binary size small and because it
   // can be better optimized in fmt::format anyway.
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
@@ -1426,42 +1437,297 @@ FMT_FUNC std::string vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
 }
 
 namespace detail {
-#ifndef _WIN32
+
-FMT_FUNC bool write_console(std::FILE*, string_view) { return false; }
+template <typename T> struct span {
+  T* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename F> auto flockfile(F* f) -> decltype(_lock_file(f)) {
+  _lock_file(f);
+}
+template <typename F> auto funlockfile(F* f) -> decltype(_unlock_file(f)) {
+  _unlock_file(f);
+}
+
+#ifndef getc_unlocked
+template <typename F> auto getc_unlocked(F* f) -> decltype(_fgetc_nolock(f)) {
+  return _fgetc_nolock(f);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename F = FILE, typename Enable = void>
+struct has_flockfile : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename F>
+struct has_flockfile<F, void_t<decltype(flockfile(&std::declval<F&>()))>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// A FILE wrapper. F is FILE defined as a template parameter to make system API
+// detection work.
+template <typename F> class file_base {
+ public:
+  F* file_;
+
+ public:
+  file_base(F* file) : file_(file) {}
+  operator F*() const { return file_; }
+
+  // Reads a code unit from the stream.
+  auto get() -> int {
+    int result = getc_unlocked(file_);
+    if (result == EOF && ferror(file_) != 0)
+      FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("getc failed")));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Puts the code unit back into the stream buffer.
+  void unget(char c) {
+    if (ungetc(c, file_) == EOF)
+      FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("ungetc failed")));
+  }
+
+  void flush() { fflush(this->file_); }
+};
+
+// A FILE wrapper for glibc.
+template <typename F> class glibc_file : public file_base<F> {
+ private:
+  enum {
+    line_buffered = 0x200,  // _IO_LINE_BUF
+    unbuffered = 2          // _IO_UNBUFFERED
+  };
+
+ public:
+  using file_base<F>::file_base;
+
+  auto is_buffered() const -> bool {
+    return (this->file_->_flags & unbuffered) == 0;
+  }
+
+  void init_buffer() {
+    if (this->file_->_IO_write_ptr) return;
+    // Force buffer initialization by placing and removing a char in a buffer.
+    putc_unlocked(0, this->file_);
+    --this->file_->_IO_write_ptr;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the file's read buffer.
+  auto get_read_buffer() const -> span<const char> {
+    auto ptr = this->file_->_IO_read_ptr;
+    return {ptr, to_unsigned(this->file_->_IO_read_end - ptr)};
+  }
+
+  // Returns the file's write buffer.
+  auto get_write_buffer() const -> span<char> {
+    auto ptr = this->file_->_IO_write_ptr;
+    return {ptr, to_unsigned(this->file_->_IO_buf_end - ptr)};
+  }
+
+  void advance_write_buffer(size_t size) { this->file_->_IO_write_ptr += size; }
+
+  bool needs_flush() const {
+    if ((this->file_->_flags & line_buffered) == 0) return false;
+    char* end = this->file_->_IO_write_end;
+    return memchr(end, '\n', to_unsigned(this->file_->_IO_write_ptr - end));
+  }
+
+  void flush() { fflush_unlocked(this->file_); }
+};
+
+// A FILE wrapper for Apple's libc.
+template <typename F> class apple_file : public file_base<F> {
+ private:
+  enum {
+    line_buffered = 1,  // __SNBF
+    unbuffered = 2      // __SLBF
+  };
+
+ public:
+  using file_base<F>::file_base;
+
+  auto is_buffered() const -> bool {
+    return (this->file_->_flags & unbuffered) == 0;
+  }
+
+  void init_buffer() {
+    if (this->file_->_p) return;
+    // Force buffer initialization by placing and removing a char in a buffer.
+    putc_unlocked(0, this->file_);
+    --this->file_->_p;
+    ++this->file_->_w;
+  }
+
+  auto get_read_buffer() const -> span<const char> {
+    return {reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->file_->_p),
+            to_unsigned(this->file_->_r)};
+  }
+
+  auto get_write_buffer() const -> span<char> {
+    return {reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->file_->_p),
+            to_unsigned(this->file_->_bf._base + this->file_->_bf._size -
+                        this->file_->_p)};
+  }
+
+  void advance_write_buffer(size_t size) {
+    this->file_->_p += size;
+    this->file_->_w -= size;
+  }
+
+  bool needs_flush() const {
+    if ((this->file_->_flags & line_buffered) == 0) return false;
+    return memchr(this->file_->_p + this->file_->_w, '\n',
+                  to_unsigned(-this->file_->_w));
+  }
+};
+
+// A fallback FILE wrapper.
+template <typename F> class fallback_file : public file_base<F> {
+ private:
+  char next_;  // The next unconsumed character in the buffer.
+  bool has_next_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  using file_base<F>::file_base;
+
+  auto is_buffered() const -> bool { return false; }
+  auto needs_flush() const -> bool { return false; }
+  void init_buffer() {}
+
+  auto get_read_buffer() const -> span<const char> {
+    return {&next_, has_next_ ? 1u : 0u};
+  }
+
+  auto get_write_buffer() const -> span<char> { return {nullptr, 0}; }
+
+  void advance_write_buffer(size_t) {}
+
+  auto get() -> int {
+    has_next_ = false;
+    return file_base<F>::get();
+  }
+
+  void unget(char c) {
+    file_base<F>::unget(c);
+    next_ = c;
+    has_next_ = true;
+  }
+};
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE
+#  define FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE 1
+#endif
+
+template <typename F,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(sizeof(F::_p) != 0 && !FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE)>
+auto get_file(F* f, int) -> apple_file<F> {
+  return f;
+}
+template <typename F,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(sizeof(F::_IO_read_ptr) != 0 && !FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE)>
+inline auto get_file(F* f, int) -> glibc_file<F> {
+  return f;
+}
+
+inline auto get_file(FILE* f, ...) -> fallback_file<FILE> { return f; }
+
+using file_ref = decltype(get_file(static_cast<FILE*>(nullptr), 0));
+
+template <typename F = FILE, typename Enable = void>
+class file_print_buffer : public buffer<char> {
+ public:
+  explicit file_print_buffer(F*) : buffer(nullptr, size_t()) {}
+};
+
+template <typename F>
+class file_print_buffer<F, enable_if_t<has_flockfile<F>::value>>
+    : public buffer<char> {
+ private:
+  file_ref file_;
+
+  static void grow(buffer<char>& base, size_t) {
+    auto& self = static_cast<file_print_buffer&>(base);
+    self.file_.advance_write_buffer(self.size());
+    if (self.file_.get_write_buffer().size == 0) self.file_.flush();
+    auto buf = self.file_.get_write_buffer();
+    FMT_ASSERT(buf.size > 0, "");
+    self.set(buf.data, buf.size);
+    self.clear();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit file_print_buffer(F* f) : buffer(grow, size_t()), file_(f) {
+    flockfile(f);
+    file_.init_buffer();
+    auto buf = file_.get_write_buffer();
+    set(buf.data, buf.size);
+  }
+  ~file_print_buffer() {
+    file_.advance_write_buffer(size());
+    bool flush = file_.needs_flush();
+    F* f = file_;    // Make funlockfile depend on the template parameter F
+    funlockfile(f);  // for the system API detection to work.
+    if (flush) fflush(file_);
+  }
+};
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(FMT_USE_WRITE_CONSOLE)
+FMT_FUNC auto write_console(int, string_view) -> bool { return false; }
 #else
 using dword = conditional_t<sizeof(long) == 4, unsigned long, unsigned>;
 extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall WriteConsoleW(  //
     void*, const void*, dword, dword*, void*);
 
-FMT_FUNC bool write_console(std::FILE* f, string_view text) {
+FMT_FUNC bool write_console(int fd, string_view text) {
-  auto fd = _fileno(f);
-  if (!_isatty(fd)) return false;
   auto u16 = utf8_to_utf16(text);
-  auto written = dword();
   return WriteConsoleW(reinterpret_cast<void*>(_get_osfhandle(fd)), u16.c_str(),
-                       static_cast<uint32_t>(u16.size()), &written, nullptr) != 0;
+                       static_cast<dword>(u16.size()), nullptr, nullptr) != 0;
 }
+#endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
 // Print assuming legacy (non-Unicode) encoding.
-FMT_FUNC void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args,
+                              bool newline) {
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
-  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt,
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
-                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
+  if (newline) buffer.push_back('\n');
-  fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
+  fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), f);
 }
 #endif
 
 FMT_FUNC void print(std::FILE* f, string_view text) {
-  if (!write_console(f, text)) fwrite_fully(text.data(), 1, text.size(), f);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(FMT_USE_WRITE_CONSOLE)
+  int fd = _fileno(f);
+  if (_isatty(fd)) {
+    std::fflush(f);
+    if (write_console(fd, text)) return;
+  }
+#endif
+  fwrite_fully(text.data(), text.size(), f);
 }
 }  // namespace detail
 
-FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC void vprint_buffered(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
   detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
   detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
 }
 
+FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+  if (!detail::file_ref(f).is_buffered() || !detail::has_flockfile<>())
+    return vprint_buffered(f, fmt, args);
+  auto&& buffer = detail::file_print_buffer<>(f);
+  return detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void vprintln(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+  auto buffer = memory_buffer();
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+  buffer.push_back('\n');
+  detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
+}
+
 FMT_FUNC void vprint(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
   vprint(stdout, fmt, args);
 }

dep/fmt/include/fmt/os.h

@@ -8,16 +8,18 @@
 #ifndef FMT_OS_H_
 #define FMT_OS_H_
 
+#include "format.h"
+
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <cerrno>
 #  include <cstddef>
 #  include <cstdio>
 #  include <system_error>  // std::system_error
 
-#if defined __APPLE__ || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<xlocale.h>)
-#  include <xlocale.h>  // for LC_NUMERIC_MASK on OS X
+#    include <xlocale.h>  // LC_NUMERIC_MASK on macOS
 #  endif
-
+#endif  // FMT_MODULE
-#include "format.h"
 
 #ifndef FMT_USE_FCNTL
 // UWP doesn't provide _pipe.
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@
 
 // Calls to system functions are wrapped in FMT_SYSTEM for testability.
 #ifdef FMT_SYSTEM
+#  define FMT_HAS_SYSTEM
 #  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) FMT_SYSTEM(call)
 #else
 #  define FMT_SYSTEM(call) ::call
@@ -74,47 +77,34 @@ FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * A reference to a null-terminated string. It can be constructed from a C
-  A reference to a null-terminated string. It can be constructed from a C
+ * string or `std::string`.
-  string or ``std::string``.
+ *
-
+ * You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
-  You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
+ *
-
+ * +---------------+-----------------------------+
-  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+ * | Type          | Definition                  |
-  | Type          | Definition                  |
+ * +===============+=============================+
-  +===============+=============================+
+ * | cstring_view  | basic_cstring_view<char>    |
-  | cstring_view  | basic_cstring_view<char>    |
+ * +---------------+-----------------------------+
-  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+ * | wcstring_view | basic_cstring_view<wchar_t> |
-  | wcstring_view | basic_cstring_view<wchar_t> |
+ * +---------------+-----------------------------+
-  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+ *
-
+ * This class is most useful as a parameter type for functions that wrap C APIs.
-  This class is most useful as a parameter type to allow passing
-  different types of strings to a function, for example::
-
-    template <typename... Args>
-    std::string format(cstring_view format_str, const Args & ... args);
-
-    format("{}", 42);
-    format(std::string("{}"), 42);
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename Char> class basic_cstring_view {
  private:
   const Char* data_;
 
  public:
-  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string. */
+  /// Constructs a string reference object from a C string.
   basic_cstring_view(const Char* s) : data_(s) {}
 
-  /**
+  /// Constructs a string reference from an `std::string` object.
-    \rst
-    Constructs a string reference from an ``std::string`` object.
-    \endrst
-   */
   basic_cstring_view(const std::basic_string<Char>& s) : data_(s.c_str()) {}
 
-  /** Returns the pointer to a C string. */
+  /// Returns the pointer to a C string.
-  const Char* c_str() const { return data_; }
+  auto c_str() const -> const Char* { return data_; }
 };
 
 using cstring_view = basic_cstring_view<char>;
@@ -132,32 +122,29 @@ FMT_API std::system_error vwindows_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
                                          format_args args);
 
 /**
- \rst
+ * Constructs a `std::system_error` object with the description of the form
- Constructs a :class:`std::system_error` object with the description
+ *
- of the form
+ *     <message>: <system-message>
-
+ *
- .. parsed-literal::
+ * where `<message>` is the formatted message and `<system-message>` is the
-   *<message>*: *<system-message>*
+ * system message corresponding to the error code.
-
+ * `error_code` is a Windows error code as given by `GetLastError`.
- where *<message>* is the formatted message and *<system-message>* is the
+ * If `error_code` is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
- system message corresponding to the error code.
+ * will look like "error -1".
- *error_code* is a Windows error code as given by ``GetLastError``.
+ *
- If *error_code* is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
+ * **Example**:
- will look like "error -1".
+ *
-
+ *     // This throws a system_error with the description
- **Example**::
+ *     //   cannot open file 'madeup': The system cannot find the file
-
+ * specified.
-   // This throws a system_error with the description
+ *     // or similar (system message may vary).
-   //   cannot open file 'madeup': The system cannot find the file specified.
+ *     const char *filename = "madeup";
-   // or similar (system message may vary).
+ *     LPOFSTRUCT of = LPOFSTRUCT();
-   const char *filename = "madeup";
+ *     HFILE file = OpenFile(filename, &of, OF_READ);
-   LPOFSTRUCT of = LPOFSTRUCT();
+ *     if (file == HFILE_ERROR) {
-   HFILE file = OpenFile(filename, &of, OF_READ);
+ *       throw fmt::windows_error(GetLastError(),
-   if (file == HFILE_ERROR) {
+ *                                "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
-     throw fmt::windows_error(GetLastError(),
+ *     }
-                              "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
-   }
- \endrst
  */
 template <typename... Args>
 std::system_error windows_error(int error_code, string_view message,
@@ -169,7 +156,7 @@ std::system_error windows_error(int error_code, string_view message,
 // Can be used to report errors from destructors.
 FMT_API void report_windows_error(int error_code, const char* message) noexcept;
 #else
-inline const std::error_category& system_category() noexcept {
+inline auto system_category() noexcept -> const std::error_category& {
   return std::system_category();
 }
 #endif  // _WIN32
@@ -206,7 +193,7 @@ class buffered_file {
     other.file_ = nullptr;
   }
 
-  buffered_file& operator=(buffered_file&& other) {
+  auto operator=(buffered_file&& other) -> buffered_file& {
     close();
     file_ = other.file_;
     other.file_ = nullptr;
@@ -220,21 +207,20 @@ class buffered_file {
   FMT_API void close();
 
   // Returns the pointer to a FILE object representing this file.
-  FILE* get() const noexcept { return file_; }
+  auto get() const noexcept -> FILE* { return file_; }
 
-  FMT_API int descriptor() const;
+  FMT_API auto descriptor() const -> int;
 
-  void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  template <typename... T>
-    fmt::vprint(file_, format_str, args);
+  inline void print(string_view fmt, const T&... args) {
-  }
+    const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
-
+    detail::is_locking<T...>() ? fmt::vprint_buffered(file_, fmt, vargs)
-  template <typename... Args>
+                               : fmt::vprint(file_, fmt, vargs);
-  inline void print(string_view format_str, const Args&... args) {
-    vprint(format_str, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
 };
 
 #if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+
 // A file. Closed file is represented by a file object with descriptor -1.
 // Methods that are not declared with noexcept may throw
 // fmt::system_error in case of failure. Note that some errors such as
@@ -248,6 +234,8 @@ class FMT_API file {
   // Constructs a file object with a given descriptor.
   explicit file(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
 
+  friend struct pipe;
+
  public:
   // Possible values for the oflag argument to the constructor.
   enum {
@@ -272,7 +260,7 @@ class FMT_API file {
   file(file&& other) noexcept : fd_(other.fd_) { other.fd_ = -1; }
 
   // Move assignment is not noexcept because close may throw.
-  file& operator=(file&& other) {
+  auto operator=(file&& other) -> file& {
     close();
     fd_ = other.fd_;
     other.fd_ = -1;
@@ -283,24 +271,24 @@ class FMT_API file {
   ~file() noexcept;
 
   // Returns the file descriptor.
-  int descriptor() const noexcept { return fd_; }
+  auto descriptor() const noexcept -> int { return fd_; }
 
   // Closes the file.
   void close();
 
   // Returns the file size. The size has signed type for consistency with
   // stat::st_size.
-  long long size() const;
+  auto size() const -> long long;
 
   // Attempts to read count bytes from the file into the specified buffer.
-  size_t read(void* buffer, size_t count);
+  auto read(void* buffer, size_t count) -> size_t;
 
   // Attempts to write count bytes from the specified buffer to the file.
-  size_t write(const void* buffer, size_t count);
+  auto write(const void* buffer, size_t count) -> size_t;
 
   // Duplicates a file descriptor with the dup function and returns
   // the duplicate as a file object.
-  static file dup(int fd);
+  static auto dup(int fd) -> file;
 
   // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
   // necessary.
@@ -310,13 +298,9 @@ class FMT_API file {
   // necessary.
   void dup2(int fd, std::error_code& ec) noexcept;
 
-  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
-  // and writing respectively.
-  static void pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end);
-
   // Creates a buffered_file object associated with this file and detaches
   // this file object from the file.
-  buffered_file fdopen(const char* mode);
+  auto fdopen(const char* mode) -> buffered_file;
 
 #  if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
   // Opens a file and constructs a file object representing this file by
@@ -325,15 +309,24 @@ class FMT_API file {
 #  endif
 };
 
+struct FMT_API pipe {
+  file read_end;
+  file write_end;
+
+  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
+  // and writing respectively.
+  pipe();
+};
+
 // Returns the memory page size.
-long getpagesize();
+auto getpagesize() -> long;
 
 namespace detail {
 
 struct buffer_size {
   buffer_size() = default;
   size_t value = 0;
-  buffer_size operator=(size_t val) const {
+  auto operator=(size_t val) const -> buffer_size {
     auto bs = buffer_size();
     bs.value = val;
     return bs;
@@ -366,13 +359,14 @@ struct ostream_params {
 };
 
 class file_buffer final : public buffer<char> {
+ private:
   file file_;
 
-  FMT_API void grow(size_t) override;
+  FMT_API static void grow(buffer<char>& buf, size_t);
 
  public:
   FMT_API file_buffer(cstring_view path, const ostream_params& params);
-  FMT_API file_buffer(file_buffer&& other);
+  FMT_API file_buffer(file_buffer&& other) noexcept;
   FMT_API ~file_buffer();
 
   void flush() {
@@ -389,11 +383,10 @@ class file_buffer final : public buffer<char> {
 
 }  // namespace detail
 
-// Added {} below to work around default constructor error known to
+constexpr auto buffer_size = detail::buffer_size();
-// occur in Xcode versions 7.2.1 and 8.2.1.
-constexpr detail::buffer_size buffer_size{};
 
-/** A fast output stream which is not thread-safe. */
+/// A fast output stream for writing from a single thread. Writing from
+/// multiple threads without external synchronization may result in a data race.
 class FMT_API ostream {
  private:
   FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 4251)
@@ -410,37 +403,32 @@ class FMT_API ostream {
   void flush() { buffer_.flush(); }
 
   template <typename... T>
-  friend ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params);
+  friend auto output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) -> ostream;
 
   void close() { buffer_.close(); }
 
-  /**
+  /// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the
-    Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the
+  /// output to the file.
-    output to the file.
-   */
   template <typename... T> void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-    vformat_to(detail::buffer_appender<char>(buffer_), fmt,
+    vformat_to(appender(buffer_), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-               fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in `params`:
-  Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in *params*:
+ *
-
+ * - `<integer>`: Flags passed to [open](
-  * ``<integer>``: Flags passed to `open
+ *   https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html)
-    <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html>`_
+ *   (`file::WRONLY | file::CREATE | file::TRUNC` by default)
-    (``file::WRONLY | file::CREATE | file::TRUNC`` by default)
+ * - `buffer_size=<integer>`: Output buffer size
-  * ``buffer_size=<integer>``: Output buffer size
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
-    auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
+ *     out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
-    out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename... T>
-inline ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) {
+inline auto output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) -> ostream {
   return {path, detail::ostream_params(params...)};
 }
 #endif  // FMT_USE_FCNTL

dep/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h

@@ -8,19 +8,21 @@
 #ifndef FMT_OSTREAM_H_
 #define FMT_OSTREAM_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <fstream>  // std::filebuf
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GLIBCXX__)
-#  include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
-#  include <ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h>
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-#  include <__std_stream>
 #endif
 
-#include "format.h"
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#    include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
+#    include <ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h>
+#  endif
+#  include <io.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "chrono.h"  // formatbuf
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-
 namespace detail {
 
 // Generate a unique explicit instantion in every translation unit using a tag
@@ -37,36 +39,40 @@ class file_access {
 template class file_access<file_access_tag, std::filebuf,
                            &std::filebuf::_Myfile>;
 auto get_file(std::filebuf&) -> FILE*;
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-template class file_access<file_access_tag, std::__stdoutbuf<char>,
-                           &std::__stdoutbuf<char>::__file_>;
-auto get_file(std::__stdoutbuf<char>&) -> FILE*;
 #endif
 
-inline bool write_ostream_unicode(std::ostream& os, fmt::string_view data) {
+inline auto write_ostream_unicode(std::ostream& os, fmt::string_view data)
-#if FMT_MSC_VERSION
+    -> bool {
+  FILE* f = nullptr;
+#if FMT_MSC_VERSION && FMT_USE_RTTI
   if (auto* buf = dynamic_cast<std::filebuf*>(os.rdbuf()))
-    if (FILE* f = get_file(*buf)) return write_console(f, data);
+    f = get_file(*buf);
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+  else
-  auto* rdbuf = os.rdbuf();
+    return false;
-  FILE* c_file;
+#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GLIBCXX__) && FMT_USE_RTTI
-  if (auto* sfbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_sync_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
+  auto* rdbuf = os.rdbuf();
-    c_file = sfbuf->file();
+  if (auto* sfbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_sync_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
-  else if (auto* fbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
+    f = sfbuf->file();
-    c_file = fbuf->file();
+  else if (auto* fbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
+    f = fbuf->file();
   else
     return false;
-  if (c_file) return write_console(c_file, data);
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-  if (auto* buf = dynamic_cast<std::__stdoutbuf<char>*>(os.rdbuf()))
-    if (FILE* f = get_file(*buf)) return write_console(f, data);
 #else
-  ignore_unused(os, data);
+  ignore_unused(os, data, f);
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (f) {
+    int fd = _fileno(f);
+    if (_isatty(fd)) {
+      os.flush();
+      return write_console(fd, data);
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   return false;
 }
-inline bool write_ostream_unicode(std::wostream&,
+inline auto write_ostream_unicode(std::wostream&,
-                                  fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t>) {
+                                  fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t>) -> bool {
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -87,18 +93,19 @@ void write_buffer(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename T>
-void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value,
+void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value) {
-                  locale_ref loc = locale_ref()) {
   auto&& format_buf = formatbuf<std::basic_streambuf<Char>>(buf);
   auto&& output = std::basic_ostream<Char>(&format_buf);
 #if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
-  if (loc) output.imbue(loc.get<std::locale>());
+  output.imbue(std::locale::classic());  // The default is always unlocalized.
 #endif
   output << value;
   output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
 }
 
-template <typename T> struct streamed_view { const T& value; };
+template <typename T> struct streamed_view {
+  const T& value;
+};
 
 }  // namespace detail
 
@@ -107,11 +114,10 @@ template <typename Char>
 struct basic_ostream_formatter : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
   void set_debug_format() = delete;
 
-  template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
+  template <typename T, typename Context>
-  auto format(const T& value, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx) const
+  auto format(const T& value, Context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-      -> OutputIt {
     auto buffer = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
-    detail::format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    detail::format_value(buffer, value);
     return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(
         {buffer.data(), buffer.size()}, ctx);
   }
@@ -122,25 +128,23 @@ using ostream_formatter = basic_ostream_formatter<char>;
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<detail::streamed_view<T>, Char>
     : basic_ostream_formatter<Char> {
-  template <typename OutputIt>
+  template <typename Context>
-  auto format(detail::streamed_view<T> view,
+  auto format(detail::streamed_view<T> view, Context& ctx) const
-              basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx) const -> OutputIt {
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     return basic_ostream_formatter<Char>::format(view.value, ctx);
   }
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Returns a view that formats `value` via an ostream `operator<<`.
-  Returns a view that formats `value` via an ostream ``operator<<``.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n",
-    fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n",
+ *                fmt::streamed(std::this_thread::get_id()));
-               fmt::streamed(std::this_thread::get_id()));
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename T>
-auto streamed(const T& value) -> detail::streamed_view<T> {
+constexpr auto streamed(const T& value) -> detail::streamed_view<T> {
   return {value};
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +162,7 @@ inline void vprint_directly(std::ostream& os, string_view format_str,
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename Char>
 void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os,
             basic_string_view<type_identity_t<Char>> format_str,
-            basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+            typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args) {
   auto buffer = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
   if (detail::write_ostream_unicode(os, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()})) return;
@@ -166,18 +170,16 @@ void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os,
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Prints formatted data to the stream `os`.
-  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     fmt::print(cerr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
-    fmt::print(cerr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
-  \endrst
  */
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename... T>
 void print(std::ostream& os, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
-  if (detail::is_utf8())
+  if (detail::use_utf8())
     vprint(os, fmt, vargs);
   else
     detail::vprint_directly(os, fmt, vargs);
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ template <typename... Args>
 void print(std::wostream& os,
            basic_format_string<wchar_t, type_identity_t<Args>...> fmt,
            Args&&... args) {
-  vprint(os, fmt, fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<wchar_t>>(args...));
+  vprint(os, fmt, fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<wchar_t>>(args...));
 }
 
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename... T>

dep/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h

@@ -8,48 +8,48 @@
 #ifndef FMT_PRINTF_H_
 #define FMT_PRINTF_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <algorithm>  // std::max
 #  include <limits>     // std::numeric_limits
+#endif
 
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
-template <typename T> struct printf_formatter { printf_formatter() = delete; };
+template <typename T> struct printf_formatter {
+  printf_formatter() = delete;
+};
 
 template <typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
  private:
-  detail::buffer_appender<Char> out_;
+  basic_appender<Char> out_;
   basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args_;
 
+  static_assert(std::is_same<Char, char>::value ||
+                    std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value,
+                "Unsupported code unit type.");
+
  public:
   using char_type = Char;
   using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
   template <typename T> using formatter_type = printf_formatter<T>;
 
-  /**
+  /// Constructs a `printf_context` object. References to the arguments are
-    \rst
+  /// stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
-    Constructs a ``printf_context`` object. References to the arguments are
+  basic_printf_context(basic_appender<Char> out,
-    stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
-    \endrst
-   */
-  basic_printf_context(detail::buffer_appender<Char> out,
                        basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args)
       : out_(out), args_(args) {}
 
-  auto out() -> detail::buffer_appender<Char> { return out_; }
+  auto out() -> basic_appender<Char> { return out_; }
-  void advance_to(detail::buffer_appender<Char>) {}
+  void advance_to(basic_appender<Char>) {}
 
   auto locale() -> detail::locale_ref { return {}; }
 
   auto arg(int id) const -> basic_format_arg<basic_printf_context> {
     return args_.get(id);
   }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
-    detail::error_handler().on_error(message);
-  }
 };
 
 namespace detail {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace detail {
 // signed and unsigned integers.
 template <bool IsSigned> struct int_checker {
   template <typename T> static auto fits_in_int(T value) -> bool {
-    unsigned max = max_value<int>();
+    unsigned max = to_unsigned(max_value<int>());
     return value <= max;
   }
   static auto fits_in_int(bool) -> bool { return true; }
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ struct printf_precision_handler {
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T value) -> int {
     if (!int_checker<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>::fits_in_int(value))
-      throw_format_error("number is too big");
+      report_error("number is too big");
     return (std::max)(static_cast<int>(value), 0);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T) -> int {
-    throw_format_error("precision is not integer");
+    report_error("precision is not integer");
     return 0;
   }
 };
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ struct is_zero_int {
 
 template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_bool : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
 
-template <> struct make_unsigned_or_bool<bool> { using type = bool; };
+template <> struct make_unsigned_or_bool<bool> {
+  using type = bool;
+};
 
 template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
  private:
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
 // unsigned).
 template <typename T, typename Context, typename Char>
 void convert_arg(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg, Char type) {
-  visit_format_arg(arg_converter<T, Context>(arg, type), arg);
+  arg.visit(arg_converter<T, Context>(arg, type));
 }
 
 // Converts an integer argument to char for printf.
@@ -187,12 +189,12 @@ template <typename Char> struct get_cstring {
 
 // Checks if an argument is a valid printf width specifier and sets
 // left alignment if it is negative.
-template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
+class printf_width_handler {
  private:
-  format_specs<Char>& specs_;
+  format_specs& specs_;
 
  public:
-  explicit printf_width_handler(format_specs<Char>& specs) : specs_(specs) {}
+  explicit printf_width_handler(format_specs& specs) : specs_(specs) {}
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T value) -> unsigned {
@@ -201,14 +203,14 @@ template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
       specs_.align = align::left;
       width = 0 - width;
     }
-    unsigned int_max = max_value<int>();
+    unsigned int_max = to_unsigned(max_value<int>());
-    if (width > int_max) throw_format_error("number is too big");
+    if (width > int_max) report_error("number is too big");
     return static_cast<unsigned>(width);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T) -> unsigned {
-    throw_format_error("width is not integer");
+    report_error("width is not integer");
     return 0;
   }
 };
@@ -216,12 +218,12 @@ template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
 // Workaround for a bug with the XL compiler when initializing
 // printf_arg_formatter's base class.
 template <typename Char>
-auto make_arg_formatter(buffer_appender<Char> iter, format_specs<Char>& s)
+auto make_arg_formatter(basic_appender<Char> iter, format_specs& s)
     -> arg_formatter<Char> {
   return {iter, s, locale_ref()};
 }
 
-// The ``printf`` argument formatter.
+// The `printf` argument formatter.
 template <typename Char>
 class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
  private:
@@ -233,11 +235,11 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
   void write_null_pointer(bool is_string = false) {
     auto s = this->specs;
     s.type = presentation_type::none;
-    write_bytes(this->out, is_string ? "(null)" : "(nil)", s);
+    write_bytes<Char>(this->out, is_string ? "(null)" : "(nil)", s);
   }
 
  public:
-  printf_arg_formatter(buffer_appender<Char> iter, format_specs<Char>& s,
+  printf_arg_formatter(basic_appender<Char> iter, format_specs& s,
                        context_type& ctx)
       : base(make_arg_formatter(iter, s)), context_(ctx) {}
 
@@ -251,19 +253,18 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
       base::operator()(value);
       return;
     }
-    format_specs<Char> fmt_specs = this->specs;
+    format_specs s = this->specs;
-    if (fmt_specs.type != presentation_type::none &&
+    if (s.type != presentation_type::none && s.type != presentation_type::chr) {
-        fmt_specs.type != presentation_type::chr) {
       return (*this)(static_cast<int>(value));
     }
-    fmt_specs.sign = sign::none;
+    s.sign = sign::none;
-    fmt_specs.alt = false;
+    s.alt = false;
-    fmt_specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
+    s.fill = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
     // align::numeric needs to be overwritten here since the '0' flag is
     // ignored for non-numeric types
-    if (fmt_specs.align == align::none || fmt_specs.align == align::numeric)
+    if (s.align == align::none || s.align == align::numeric)
-      fmt_specs.align = align::right;
+      s.align = align::right;
-    write<Char>(this->out, static_cast<Char>(value), fmt_specs);
+    write<Char>(this->out, static_cast<Char>(value), s);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
@@ -271,7 +272,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
     base::operator()(value);
   }
 
-  /** Formats a null-terminated C string. */
   void operator()(const char* value) {
     if (value)
       base::operator()(value);
@@ -279,7 +279,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
       write_null_pointer(this->specs.type != presentation_type::pointer);
   }
 
-  /** Formats a null-terminated wide C string. */
   void operator()(const wchar_t* value) {
     if (value)
       base::operator()(value);
@@ -289,7 +288,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
 
   void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> value) { base::operator()(value); }
 
-  /** Formats a pointer. */
   void operator()(const void* value) {
     if (value)
       base::operator()(value);
@@ -297,7 +295,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
       write_null_pointer();
   }
 
-  /** Formats an argument of a custom (user-defined) type. */
   void operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context_type>::handle handle) {
     auto parse_ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>({});
     handle.format(parse_ctx, context_);
@@ -305,7 +302,7 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-void parse_flags(format_specs<Char>& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
+void parse_flags(format_specs& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
   for (; it != end; ++it) {
     switch (*it) {
     case '-':
@@ -315,7 +312,7 @@ void parse_flags(format_specs<Char>& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
       specs.sign = sign::plus;
       break;
     case '0':
-      specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      specs.fill = '0';
       break;
     case ' ':
       if (specs.sign != sign::plus) specs.sign = sign::space;
@@ -330,7 +327,7 @@ void parse_flags(format_specs<Char>& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename GetArg>
-auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs<Char>& specs,
+auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs& specs,
                   GetArg get_arg) -> int {
   int arg_index = -1;
   Char c = *it;
@@ -342,11 +339,11 @@ auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs<Char>& specs,
       ++it;
       arg_index = value != -1 ? value : max_value<int>();
     } else {
-      if (c == '0') specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      if (c == '0') specs.fill = '0';
       if (value != 0) {
         // Nonzero value means that we parsed width and don't need to
         // parse it or flags again, so return now.
-        if (value == -1) throw_format_error("number is too big");
+        if (value == -1) report_error("number is too big");
         specs.width = value;
         return arg_index;
       }
@@ -357,17 +354,17 @@ auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs<Char>& specs,
   if (it != end) {
     if (*it >= '0' && *it <= '9') {
       specs.width = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, -1);
-      if (specs.width == -1) throw_format_error("number is too big");
+      if (specs.width == -1) report_error("number is too big");
     } else if (*it == '*') {
       ++it;
-      specs.width = static_cast<int>(visit_format_arg(
+      specs.width = static_cast<int>(
-          detail::printf_width_handler<Char>(specs), get_arg(-1)));
+          get_arg(-1).visit(detail::printf_width_handler(specs)));
     }
   }
   return arg_index;
 }
 
-inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t)
+inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t, bool& upper)
     -> presentation_type {
   using pt = presentation_type;
   constexpr auto integral_set = sint_set | uint_set | bool_set | char_set;
@@ -376,26 +373,31 @@ inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t)
     return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::dec : pt::none;
   case 'o':
     return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::oct : pt::none;
-  case 'x':
-    return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::hex_lower : pt::none;
   case 'X':
-    return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::hex_upper : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
-  case 'a':
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::hexfloat_lower : pt::none;
+  case 'x':
-  case 'A':
+    return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::hex : pt::none;
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::hexfloat_upper : pt::none;
-  case 'e':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::exp_lower : pt::none;
   case 'E':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::exp_upper : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
-  case 'f':
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::fixed_lower : pt::none;
+  case 'e':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::exp : pt::none;
   case 'F':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::fixed_upper : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
-  case 'g':
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::general_lower : pt::none;
+  case 'f':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::fixed : pt::none;
   case 'G':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::general_upper : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'g':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::general : pt::none;
+  case 'A':
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'a':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::hexfloat : pt::none;
   case 'c':
     return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::chr : pt::none;
   case 's':
@@ -410,7 +412,7 @@ inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t)
 template <typename Char, typename Context>
 void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
              basic_format_args<Context> args) {
-  using iterator = buffer_appender<Char>;
+  using iterator = basic_appender<Char>;
   auto out = iterator(buf);
   auto context = basic_printf_context<Char>(out, args);
   auto parse_ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>(format);
@@ -441,12 +443,12 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
     }
     write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(start, to_unsigned(it - 1 - start)));
 
-    auto specs = format_specs<Char>();
+    auto specs = format_specs();
     specs.align = align::right;
 
     // Parse argument index, flags and width.
     int arg_index = parse_header(it, end, specs, get_arg);
-    if (arg_index == 0) throw_format_error("argument not found");
+    if (arg_index == 0) report_error("argument not found");
 
     // Parse precision.
     if (it != end && *it == '.') {
@@ -456,8 +458,8 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
         specs.precision = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, 0);
       } else if (c == '*') {
         ++it;
-        specs.precision = static_cast<int>(
+        specs.precision =
-            visit_format_arg(printf_precision_handler(), get_arg(-1)));
+            static_cast<int>(get_arg(-1).visit(printf_precision_handler()));
       } else {
         specs.precision = 0;
       }
@@ -468,22 +470,22 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
     // specified, the '0' flag is ignored
     if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.is_integral()) {
       // Ignore '0' for non-numeric types or if '-' present.
-      specs.fill[0] = ' ';
+      specs.fill = ' ';
     }
     if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.type() == type::cstring_type) {
-      auto str = visit_format_arg(get_cstring<Char>(), arg);
+      auto str = arg.visit(get_cstring<Char>());
       auto str_end = str + specs.precision;
       auto nul = std::find(str, str_end, Char());
       auto sv = basic_string_view<Char>(
           str, to_unsigned(nul != str_end ? nul - str : specs.precision));
       arg = make_arg<basic_printf_context<Char>>(sv);
     }
-    if (specs.alt && visit_format_arg(is_zero_int(), arg)) specs.alt = false;
+    if (specs.alt && arg.visit(is_zero_int())) specs.alt = false;
-    if (specs.fill[0] == '0') {
+    if (specs.fill.template get<Char>() == '0') {
       if (arg.is_arithmetic() && specs.align != align::left)
         specs.align = align::numeric;
       else
-        specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
+        specs.fill = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
                            // flag is also present.
     }
 
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
     }
 
     // Parse type.
-    if (it == end) throw_format_error("invalid format string");
+    if (it == end) report_error("invalid format string");
     char type = static_cast<char>(*it++);
     if (arg.is_integral()) {
       // Normalize type.
@@ -538,18 +540,20 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
         type = 'd';
         break;
       case 'c':
-        visit_format_arg(char_converter<basic_printf_context<Char>>(arg), arg);
+        arg.visit(char_converter<basic_printf_context<Char>>(arg));
         break;
       }
     }
-    specs.type = parse_printf_presentation_type(type, arg.type());
+    bool upper = false;
+    specs.type = parse_printf_presentation_type(type, arg.type(), upper);
     if (specs.type == presentation_type::none)
-      throw_format_error("invalid format specifier");
+      report_error("invalid format specifier");
+    specs.upper = upper;
 
     start = it;
 
     // Format argument.
-    visit_format_arg(printf_arg_formatter<Char>(out, specs, context), arg);
+    arg.visit(printf_arg_formatter<Char>(out, specs, context));
   }
   write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(start, to_unsigned(it - start)));
 }
@@ -561,29 +565,21 @@ using wprintf_context = basic_printf_context<wchar_t>;
 using printf_args = basic_format_args<printf_context>;
 using wprintf_args = basic_format_args<wprintf_context>;
 
-/**
+/// Constructs an `format_arg_store` object that contains references to
-  \rst
+/// arguments and can be implicitly converted to `printf_args`.
-  Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+template <typename Char = char, typename... T>
-  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::printf_args`.
+inline auto make_printf_args(T&... args)
-  \endrst
+    -> decltype(fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...)) {
- */
+  return fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...);
-template <typename... T>
-inline auto make_printf_args(const T&... args)
-    -> format_arg_store<printf_context, T...> {
-  return {args...};
 }
 
-// DEPRECATED!
+template <typename Char> struct vprintf_args {
-template <typename... T>
+  using type = basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>;
-inline auto make_wprintf_args(const T&... args)
+};
-    -> format_arg_store<wprintf_context, T...> {
-  return {args...};
-}
 
 template <typename Char>
-inline auto vsprintf(
+inline auto vsprintf(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-    basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                     typename vprintf_args<Char>::type args)
-    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vprintf(buf, fmt, args);
@@ -591,26 +587,22 @@ inline auto vsprintf(
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and returns the result
-  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string.
+ * as as string.
-
+ *
-  **Example**::
+ * **Example**:
-
+ *
-    std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
+ *     std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
-  \endrst
  */
-template <typename S, typename... T,
+template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>>
-          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
 inline auto sprintf(const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   return vsprintf(detail::to_string_view(fmt),
                   fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-inline auto vfprintf(
+inline auto vfprintf(std::FILE* f, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-    std::FILE* f, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                     typename vprintf_args<Char>::type args) -> int {
-    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
-    -> int {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vprintf(buf, fmt, args);
   size_t size = buf.size();
@@ -620,36 +612,33 @@ inline auto vfprintf(
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
-  Prints formatted data to the file *f*.
+ * to `f`.
-
+ *
-  **Example**::
+ * **Example**:
-
+ *
-    fmt::fprintf(stderr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
+ *     fmt::fprintf(stderr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 inline auto fprintf(std::FILE* f, const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
   return vfprintf(f, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                  fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...));
+                  make_printf_args<Char>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_DEPRECATED inline auto vprintf(
+FMT_DEPRECATED inline auto vprintf(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-    basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                                   typename vprintf_args<Char>::type args)
-    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
     -> int {
   return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
-  Prints formatted data to ``stdout``.
+ * to `stdout`.
-
+ *
-  **Example**::
+ * **Example**:
-
+ *
-    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
+ *   fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename... T>
 inline auto printf(string_view fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
@@ -658,7 +647,7 @@ inline auto printf(string_view fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_DEPRECATED inline auto printf(basic_string_view<wchar_t> fmt,
                                   const T&... args) -> int {
-  return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, make_wprintf_args(args...));
+  return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, make_printf_args<wchar_t>(args...));
 }
 
 FMT_END_EXPORT

dep/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h

@@ -1,78 +1,38 @@
-// Formatting library for C++ - experimental range support
+// Formatting library for C++ - range and tuple support
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich and {fmt} contributors
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // For the license information refer to format.h.
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2018 - present, Remotion (Igor Schulz)
-// All Rights Reserved
-// {fmt} support for ranges, containers and types tuple interface.
 
 #ifndef FMT_RANGES_H_
 #define FMT_RANGES_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <initializer_list>
+#  include <iterator>
+#  include <string>
 #  include <tuple>
 #  include <type_traits>
+#  include <utility>
+#endif
 
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
+FMT_EXPORT
+enum class range_format { disabled, map, set, sequence, string, debug_string };
+
 namespace detail {
 
-template <typename Range, typename OutputIt>
-auto copy(const Range& range, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  for (auto it = range.begin(), end = range.end(); it != end; ++it)
-    *out++ = *it;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt>
-auto copy(const char* str, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  while (*str) *out++ = *str++;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt> auto copy(char ch, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  *out++ = ch;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt> auto copy(wchar_t ch, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  *out++ = ch;
-  return out;
-}
-
-// Returns true if T has a std::string-like interface, like std::string_view.
-template <typename T> class is_std_string_like {
-  template <typename U>
-  static auto check(U* p)
-      -> decltype((void)p->find('a'), p->length(), (void)p->data(), int());
-  template <typename> static void check(...);
-
- public:
-  static constexpr const bool value =
-      is_string<T>::value ||
-      std::is_convertible<T, std_string_view<char>>::value ||
-      !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
-};
-
-template <typename Char>
-struct is_std_string_like<fmt::basic_string_view<Char>> : std::true_type {};
-
 template <typename T> class is_map {
   template <typename U> static auto check(U*) -> typename U::mapped_type;
   template <typename> static void check(...);
 
  public:
-#ifdef FMT_FORMAT_MAP_AS_LIST  // DEPRECATED!
-  static constexpr const bool value = false;
-#else
   static constexpr const bool value =
       !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
-#endif
 };
 
 template <typename T> class is_set {
@@ -80,12 +40,8 @@ template <typename T> class is_set {
   template <typename> static void check(...);
 
  public:
-#ifdef FMT_FORMAT_SET_AS_LIST  // DEPRECATED!
-  static constexpr const bool value = false;
-#else
   static constexpr const bool value =
       !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value && !is_map<T>::value;
-#endif
 };
 
 template <typename... Ts> struct conditional_helper {};
@@ -114,17 +70,17 @@ template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
-struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().begin()),
+struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T, void_t<decltype(*std::declval<T>().begin()),
                                            decltype(std::declval<T>().end())>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
-// Member function overload
+// Member function overloads.
 template <typename T>
 auto range_begin(T&& rng) FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(static_cast<T&&>(rng).begin());
 template <typename T>
 auto range_end(T&& rng) FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(static_cast<T&&>(rng).end());
 
-// ADL overload. Only participates in overload resolution if member functions
+// ADL overloads. Only participate in overload resolution if member functions
 // are not found.
 template <typename T>
 auto range_begin(T&& rng)
@@ -145,16 +101,16 @@ struct has_mutable_begin_end : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct has_const_begin_end<
-    T,
+    T, void_t<decltype(*detail::range_begin(
-    void_t<
+                  std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>())),
-        decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>())),
+              decltype(detail::range_end(
-        decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>()))>>
+                  std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>()))>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct has_mutable_begin_end<
-    T, void_t<decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<T>())),
+    T, void_t<decltype(*detail::range_begin(std::declval<T&>())),
-              decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<T>())),
+              decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<T&>())),
               // the extra int here is because older versions of MSVC don't
               // SFINAE properly unless there are distinct types
               int>> : std::true_type {};
@@ -187,7 +143,7 @@ template <size_t N> using make_index_sequence = std::make_index_sequence<N>;
 template <typename T, T... N> struct integer_sequence {
   using value_type = T;
 
-  static FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t size() { return sizeof...(N); }
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR auto size() -> size_t { return sizeof...(N); }
 };
 
 template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, N...>;
@@ -210,16 +166,17 @@ class is_tuple_formattable_ {
   static constexpr const bool value = false;
 };
 template <typename T, typename C> class is_tuple_formattable_<T, C, true> {
-  template <std::size_t... Is>
+  template <size_t... Is>
-  static std::true_type check2(index_sequence<Is...>,
+  static auto all_true(index_sequence<Is...>,
-                               integer_sequence<bool, (Is == Is)...>);
+                       integer_sequence<bool, (Is >= 0)...>) -> std::true_type;
-  static std::false_type check2(...);
+  static auto all_true(...) -> std::false_type;
-  template <std::size_t... Is>
+
-  static decltype(check2(
+  template <size_t... Is>
+  static auto check(index_sequence<Is...>) -> decltype(all_true(
       index_sequence<Is...>{},
-      integer_sequence<
+      integer_sequence<bool,
-          bool, (is_formattable<typename std::tuple_element<Is, T>::type,
+                       (is_formattable<typename std::tuple_element<Is, T>::type,
-                                C>::value)...>{})) check(index_sequence<Is...>);
+                                       C>::value)...>{}));
 
  public:
   static constexpr const bool value =
@@ -296,6 +253,18 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto maybe_set_debug_format(Formatter& f, bool set)
 template <typename Formatter>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void maybe_set_debug_format(Formatter&, ...) {}
 
+template <typename T>
+struct range_format_kind_
+    : std::integral_constant<range_format,
+                             std::is_same<uncvref_type<T>, T>::value
+                                 ? range_format::disabled
+                             : is_map<T>::value ? range_format::map
+                             : is_set<T>::value ? range_format::set
+                                                : range_format::sequence> {};
+
+template <range_format K>
+using range_format_constant = std::integral_constant<range_format, K>;
+
 // These are not generic lambdas for compatibility with C++11.
 template <typename ParseContext> struct parse_empty_specs {
   template <typename Formatter> FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Formatter& f) {
@@ -309,8 +278,7 @@ template <typename FormatContext> struct format_tuple_element {
 
   template <typename T>
   void operator()(const formatter<T, char_type>& f, const T& v) {
-    if (i > 0)
+    if (i > 0) ctx.advance_to(detail::copy<char_type>(separator, ctx.out()));
-      ctx.advance_to(detail::copy_str<char_type>(separator, ctx.out()));
     ctx.advance_to(f.format(v, ctx));
     ++i;
   }
@@ -362,8 +330,7 @@ struct formatter<Tuple, Char,
   template <typename ParseContext>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
     auto it = ctx.begin();
-    if (it != ctx.end() && *it != '}')
+    if (it != ctx.end() && *it != '}') report_error("invalid format specifier");
-      FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format specifier"));
     detail::for_each(formatters_, detail::parse_empty_specs<ParseContext>{ctx});
     return it;
   }
@@ -371,19 +338,17 @@ struct formatter<Tuple, Char,
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const Tuple& value, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    ctx.advance_to(detail::copy_str<Char>(opening_bracket_, ctx.out()));
+    ctx.advance_to(detail::copy<Char>(opening_bracket_, ctx.out()));
     detail::for_each2(
         formatters_, value,
         detail::format_tuple_element<FormatContext>{0, ctx, separator_});
-    return detail::copy_str<Char>(closing_bracket_, ctx.out());
+    return detail::copy<Char>(closing_bracket_, ctx.out());
   }
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename Char> struct is_range {
   static constexpr const bool value =
-      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::is_std_string_like<T>::value &&
+      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::has_to_string_view<T>::value;
-      !std::is_convertible<T, std::basic_string<Char>>::value &&
-      !std::is_convertible<T, detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value;
 };
 
 namespace detail {
@@ -405,8 +370,8 @@ template <typename Context> struct range_mapper {
 
 template <typename Char, typename Element>
 using range_formatter_type =
-    formatter<remove_cvref_t<decltype(range_mapper<buffer_context<Char>>{}.map(
+    formatter<remove_cvref_t<decltype(range_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>{}
-                  std::declval<Element>()))>,
+                                          .map(std::declval<Element>()))>,
               Char>;
 
 template <typename R>
@@ -421,6 +386,12 @@ struct is_formattable_delayed
 #endif
 }  // namespace detail
 
+template <typename...> struct conjunction : std::true_type {};
+template <typename P> struct conjunction<P> : P {};
+template <typename P1, typename... Pn>
+struct conjunction<P1, Pn...>
+    : conditional_t<bool(P1::value), conjunction<Pn...>, P1> {};
+
 template <typename T, typename Char, typename Enable = void>
 struct range_formatter;
 
@@ -436,6 +407,24 @@ struct range_formatter<
       detail::string_literal<Char, '['>{};
   basic_string_view<Char> closing_bracket_ =
       detail::string_literal<Char, ']'>{};
+  bool is_debug = false;
+
+  template <typename Output, typename It, typename Sentinel, typename U = T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<U, Char>::value)>
+  auto write_debug_string(Output& out, It it, Sentinel end) const -> Output {
+    auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
+    for (; it != end; ++it) buf.push_back(*it);
+    auto specs = format_specs();
+    specs.type = presentation_type::debug;
+    return detail::write<Char>(
+        out, basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Output, typename It, typename Sentinel, typename U = T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<U, Char>::value)>
+  auto write_debug_string(Output& out, It, Sentinel) const -> Output {
+    return out;
+  }
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR range_formatter() {}
@@ -458,17 +447,37 @@ struct range_formatter<
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
     auto it = ctx.begin();
     auto end = ctx.end();
+    detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, true);
+    if (it == end) return underlying_.parse(ctx);
 
-    if (it != end && *it == 'n') {
+    switch (detail::to_ascii(*it)) {
+    case 'n':
       set_brackets({}, {});
       ++it;
+      break;
+    case '?':
+      is_debug = true;
+      set_brackets({}, {});
+      ++it;
+      if (it == end || *it != 's') report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 's':
+      if (!std::is_same<T, Char>::value)
+        report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      if (!is_debug) {
+        set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '"'>{},
+                     detail::string_literal<Char, '"'>{});
+        set_separator({});
+        detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, false);
+      }
+      ++it;
+      return it;
     }
 
     if (it != end && *it != '}') {
-      if (*it != ':') FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format specifier"));
+      if (*it != ':') report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, false);
       ++it;
-    } else {
-      detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, true);
     }
 
     ctx.advance_to(it);
@@ -477,79 +486,27 @@ struct range_formatter<
 
   template <typename R, typename FormatContext>
   auto format(R&& range, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    detail::range_mapper<buffer_context<Char>> mapper;
+    auto mapper = detail::range_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>();
     auto out = ctx.out();
-    out = detail::copy_str<Char>(opening_bracket_, out);
-    int i = 0;
     auto it = detail::range_begin(range);
     auto end = detail::range_end(range);
+    if (is_debug) return write_debug_string(out, std::move(it), end);
+
+    out = detail::copy<Char>(opening_bracket_, out);
+    int i = 0;
     for (; it != end; ++it) {
-      if (i > 0) out = detail::copy_str<Char>(separator_, out);
+      if (i > 0) out = detail::copy<Char>(separator_, out);
       ctx.advance_to(out);
-      out = underlying_.format(mapper.map(*it), ctx);
+      auto&& item = *it;  // Need an lvalue
+      out = underlying_.format(mapper.map(item), ctx);
       ++i;
     }
-    out = detail::copy_str<Char>(closing_bracket_, out);
+    out = detail::copy<Char>(closing_bracket_, out);
     return out;
   }
 };
 
-enum class range_format { disabled, map, set, sequence, string, debug_string };
+FMT_EXPORT
-
-namespace detail {
-template <typename T>
-struct range_format_kind_
-    : std::integral_constant<range_format,
-                             std::is_same<uncvref_type<T>, T>::value
-                                 ? range_format::disabled
-                             : is_map<T>::value ? range_format::map
-                             : is_set<T>::value ? range_format::set
-                                                : range_format::sequence> {};
-
-template <range_format K, typename R, typename Char, typename Enable = void>
-struct range_default_formatter;
-
-template <range_format K>
-using range_format_constant = std::integral_constant<range_format, K>;
-
-template <range_format K, typename R, typename Char>
-struct range_default_formatter<
-    K, R, Char,
-    enable_if_t<(K == range_format::sequence || K == range_format::map ||
-                 K == range_format::set)>> {
-  using range_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
-  range_formatter<detail::uncvref_type<range_type>, Char> underlying_;
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR range_default_formatter() { init(range_format_constant<K>()); }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void init(range_format_constant<range_format::set>) {
-    underlying_.set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{},
-                             detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{});
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void init(range_format_constant<range_format::map>) {
-    underlying_.set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{},
-                             detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{});
-    underlying_.underlying().set_brackets({}, {});
-    underlying_.underlying().set_separator(
-        detail::string_literal<Char, ':', ' '>{});
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void init(range_format_constant<range_format::sequence>) {}
-
-  template <typename ParseContext>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    return underlying_.parse(ctx);
-  }
-
-  template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(range_type& range, FormatContext& ctx) const
-      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    return underlying_.format(range, ctx);
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace detail
-
 template <typename T, typename Char, typename Enable = void>
 struct range_format_kind
     : conditional_t<
@@ -559,18 +516,221 @@ struct range_format_kind
 template <typename R, typename Char>
 struct formatter<
     R, Char,
-    enable_if_t<conjunction<bool_constant<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value !=
+    enable_if_t<conjunction<
-                                          range_format::disabled>
+        bool_constant<
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::disabled &&
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::map &&
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::string &&
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::debug_string>
 // Workaround a bug in MSVC 2015 and earlier.
 #if !FMT_MSC_VERSION || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1910
         ,
         detail::is_formattable_delayed<R, Char>
 #endif
-                            >::value>>
+        >::value>> {
-    : detail::range_default_formatter<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value, R,
+ private:
-                                      Char> {
+  using range_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
+  range_formatter<detail::uncvref_type<range_type>, Char> range_formatter_;
+
+ public:
+  using nonlocking = void;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR formatter() {
+    if (detail::const_check(range_format_kind<R, Char>::value !=
+                            range_format::set))
+      return;
+    range_formatter_.set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{},
+                                  detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{});
+  }
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return range_formatter_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(range_type& range, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return range_formatter_.format(range, ctx);
+  }
 };
 
+// A map formatter.
+template <typename R, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    R, Char,
+    enable_if_t<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value == range_format::map>> {
+ private:
+  using map_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
+  using element_type = detail::uncvref_type<map_type>;
+
+  decltype(detail::tuple::get_formatters<element_type, Char>(
+      detail::tuple_index_sequence<element_type>())) formatters_;
+  bool no_delimiters_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR formatter() {}
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin();
+    auto end = ctx.end();
+    if (it != end) {
+      if (detail::to_ascii(*it) == 'n') {
+        no_delimiters_ = true;
+        ++it;
+      }
+      if (it != end && *it != '}') {
+        if (*it != ':') report_error("invalid format specifier");
+        ++it;
+      }
+      ctx.advance_to(it);
+    }
+    detail::for_each(formatters_, detail::parse_empty_specs<ParseContext>{ctx});
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(map_type& map, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    basic_string_view<Char> open = detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{};
+    if (!no_delimiters_) out = detail::copy<Char>(open, out);
+    int i = 0;
+    auto mapper = detail::range_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>();
+    basic_string_view<Char> sep = detail::string_literal<Char, ',', ' '>{};
+    for (auto&& value : map) {
+      if (i > 0) out = detail::copy<Char>(sep, out);
+      ctx.advance_to(out);
+      detail::for_each2(formatters_, mapper.map(value),
+                        detail::format_tuple_element<FormatContext>{
+                            0, ctx, detail::string_literal<Char, ':', ' '>{}});
+      ++i;
+    }
+    basic_string_view<Char> close = detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{};
+    if (!no_delimiters_) out = detail::copy<Char>(close, out);
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+// A (debug_)string formatter.
+template <typename R, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    R, Char,
+    enable_if_t<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value == range_format::string ||
+                range_format_kind<R, Char>::value ==
+                    range_format::debug_string>> {
+ private:
+  using range_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
+  using string_type =
+      conditional_t<std::is_constructible<
+                        detail::std_string_view<Char>,
+                        decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<R>())),
+                        decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<R>()))>::value,
+                    detail::std_string_view<Char>, std::basic_string<Char>>;
+
+  formatter<string_type, Char> underlying_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return underlying_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(range_type& range, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    if (detail::const_check(range_format_kind<R, Char>::value ==
+                            range_format::debug_string))
+      *out++ = '"';
+    out = underlying_.format(
+        string_type{detail::range_begin(range), detail::range_end(range)}, ctx);
+    if (detail::const_check(range_format_kind<R, Char>::value ==
+                            range_format::debug_string))
+      *out++ = '"';
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char = char>
+struct join_view : detail::view {
+  It begin;
+  Sentinel end;
+  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
+
+  join_view(It b, Sentinel e, basic_string_view<Char> s)
+      : begin(std::move(b)), end(e), sep(s) {}
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
+struct formatter<join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>, Char> {
+ private:
+  using value_type =
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_ranges
+      std::iter_value_t<It>;
+#else
+      typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
+#endif
+  formatter<remove_cvref_t<value_type>, Char> value_formatter_;
+
+  using view_ref = conditional_t<std::is_copy_constructible<It>::value,
+                                 const join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>&,
+                                 join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>&&>;
+
+ public:
+  using nonlocking = void;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> const Char* {
+    return value_formatter_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(view_ref& value, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto it = std::forward<view_ref>(value).begin;
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    if (it == value.end) return out;
+    out = value_formatter_.format(*it, ctx);
+    ++it;
+    while (it != value.end) {
+      out = detail::copy<Char>(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+      ctx.advance_to(out);
+      out = value_formatter_.format(*it, ctx);
+      ++it;
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+/// Returns a view that formats the iterator range `[begin, end)` with elements
+/// separated by `sep`.
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
+auto join(It begin, Sentinel end, string_view sep) -> join_view<It, Sentinel> {
+  return {std::move(begin), end, sep};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a view that formats `range` with elements separated by `sep`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto v = std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3};
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+ *     // Output: 1, 2, 3
+ *
+ * `fmt::join` applies passed format specifiers to the range elements:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("{:02}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+ *     // Output: 01, 02, 03
+ */
+template <typename Range>
+auto join(Range&& r, string_view sep)
+    -> join_view<decltype(detail::range_begin(r)),
+                 decltype(detail::range_end(r))> {
+  return {detail::range_begin(r), detail::range_end(r), sep};
+}
+
 template <typename Char, typename... T> struct tuple_join_view : detail::view {
   const std::tuple<T...>& tuple;
   basic_string_view<Char> sep;
@@ -620,7 +780,7 @@ struct formatter<tuple_join_view<Char, T...>, Char> {
     if (N > 1) {
       auto end1 = do_parse(ctx, std::integral_constant<size_t, N - 1>());
       if (end != end1)
-        FMT_THROW(format_error("incompatible format specs for tuple elements"));
+        report_error("incompatible format specs for tuple elements");
     }
 #endif
     return end;
@@ -639,13 +799,11 @@ struct formatter<tuple_join_view<Char, T...>, Char> {
       typename FormatContext::iterator {
     auto out = std::get<sizeof...(T) - N>(formatters_)
                    .format(std::get<sizeof...(T) - N>(value.tuple), ctx);
-    if (N > 1) {
+    if (N <= 1) return out;
-      out = std::copy(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+    out = detail::copy<Char>(value.sep, out);
     ctx.advance_to(out);
     return do_format(value, ctx, std::integral_constant<size_t, N - 1>());
   }
-    return out;
-  }
 };
 
 namespace detail {
@@ -689,15 +847,13 @@ struct formatter<
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Returns an object that formats `std::tuple` with elements separated by `sep`.
-  Returns an object that formats `tuple` with elements separated by `sep`.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     auto t = std::tuple<int, char>{1, 'a'};
-    std::tuple<int, char> t = {1, 'a'};
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(t, ", "));
-    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(t, ", "));
+ *     // Output: 1, a
-    // Output: "1, a"
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, string_view sep)
@@ -705,23 +861,14 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, string_view sep)
   return {tuple, sep};
 }
 
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple,
-                        basic_string_view<wchar_t> sep)
-    -> tuple_join_view<wchar_t, T...> {
-  return {tuple, sep};
-}
-
 /**
-  \rst
+ * Returns an object that formats `std::initializer_list` with elements
-  Returns an object that formats `initializer_list` with elements separated by
+ * separated by `sep`.
-  `sep`.
+ *
-
+ * **Example**:
-  **Example**::
+ *
-
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::join({1, 2, 3}, ", "));
-    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join({1, 2, 3}, ", "));
+ *     // Output: "1, 2, 3"
-    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
-  \endrst
  */
 template <typename T>
 auto join(std::initializer_list<T> list, string_view sep)

dep/fmt/include/fmt/std.h

@@ -8,8 +8,13 @@
 #ifndef FMT_STD_H_
 #define FMT_STD_H_
 
+#include "format.h"
+#include "ostream.h"
+
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <atomic>
 #  include <bitset>
+#  include <complex>
 #  include <cstdlib>
 #  include <exception>
 #  include <memory>
@@ -19,13 +24,7 @@
 #  include <utility>
 #  include <vector>
 
-#include "format.h"
+// Check FMT_CPLUSPLUS to suppress a bogus warning in MSVC.
-#include "ostream.h"
-
-#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<version>)
-#  include <version>
-#endif
-// Checking FMT_CPLUSPLUS for warning suppression in MSVC.
 #  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L
 #    if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<filesystem>)
 #      include <filesystem>
@@ -37,6 +36,19 @@
 #      include <optional>
 #    endif
 #  endif
+// Use > instead of >= in the version check because <source_location> may be
+// available after C++17 but before C++20 is marked as implemented.
+#  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS > 201703L && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<source_location>)
+#    include <source_location>
+#  endif
+#  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS > 202002L && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<expected>)
+#    include <expected>
+#  endif
+#endif  // FMT_MODULE
+
+#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<version>)
+#  include <version>
+#endif
 
 // GCC 4 does not support FMT_HAS_INCLUDE.
 #if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<cxxabi.h>) || defined(__GLIBCXX__)
@@ -48,54 +60,53 @@
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-// Check if typeid is available.
+// For older Xcode versions, __cpp_lib_xxx flags are inaccurately defined.
-#ifndef FMT_USE_TYPEID
+#ifndef FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM
-// __RTTI is for EDG compilers. In MSVC typeid is available without RTTI.
+#  ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem
-#  if defined(__GXX_RTTI) || FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_rtti) || FMT_MSC_VERSION || \
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM __cpp_lib_filesystem
-      defined(__INTEL_RTTI__) || defined(__RTTI)
-#    define FMT_USE_TYPEID 1
 #  else
-#    define FMT_USE_TYPEID 0
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM 0
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem
+#ifndef FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
+#  ifdef __cpp_lib_variant
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT __cpp_lib_variant
+#  else
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace detail {
 
-template <typename Char> auto get_path_string(const std::filesystem::path& p) {
+template <typename Char, typename PathChar>
+auto get_path_string(const std::filesystem::path& p,
+                     const std::basic_string<PathChar>& native) {
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Char, char> && std::is_same_v<PathChar, wchar_t>)
+    return to_utf8<wchar_t>(native, to_utf8_error_policy::replace);
+  else
     return p.string<Char>();
 }
 
-template <typename Char>
+template <typename Char, typename PathChar>
 void write_escaped_path(basic_memory_buffer<Char>& quoted,
-                        const std::filesystem::path& p) {
+                        const std::filesystem::path& p,
-  write_escaped_string<Char>(std::back_inserter(quoted), p.string<Char>());
+                        const std::basic_string<PathChar>& native) {
-}
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Char, char> &&
-
+                std::is_same_v<PathChar, wchar_t>) {
-#  ifdef _WIN32
-template <>
-inline auto get_path_string<char>(const std::filesystem::path& p) {
-  return to_utf8<wchar_t>(p.native(), to_utf8_error_policy::replace);
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void write_escaped_path<char>(memory_buffer& quoted,
-                                     const std::filesystem::path& p) {
     auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>();
-  write_escaped_string<wchar_t>(std::back_inserter(buf), p.native());
+    write_escaped_string<wchar_t>(std::back_inserter(buf), native);
     bool valid = to_utf8<wchar_t>::convert(quoted, {buf.data(), buf.size()});
     FMT_ASSERT(valid, "invalid utf16");
-}
+  } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Char, PathChar>) {
-#  endif  // _WIN32
-
-template <>
-inline void write_escaped_path<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
-    basic_memory_buffer<std::filesystem::path::value_type>& quoted,
-    const std::filesystem::path& p) {
     write_escaped_string<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
-      std::back_inserter(quoted), p.native());
+        std::back_inserter(quoted), native);
+  } else {
+    write_escaped_string<Char>(std::back_inserter(quoted), p.string<Char>());
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace detail
@@ -103,9 +114,10 @@ inline void write_escaped_path<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::filesystem::path, Char> {
  private:
-  format_specs<Char> specs_;
+  format_specs specs_;
   detail::arg_ref<Char> width_ref_;
   bool debug_ = false;
+  char path_type_ = 0;
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_debug_format(bool set = true) { debug_ = set; }
@@ -122,29 +134,76 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::filesystem::path, Char> {
       debug_ = true;
       ++it;
     }
+    if (it != end && (*it == 'g')) path_type_ = detail::to_ascii(*it++);
     return it;
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const std::filesystem::path& p, FormatContext& ctx) const {
     auto specs = specs_;
+    auto path_string =
+        !path_type_ ? p.native()
+                    : p.generic_string<std::filesystem::path::value_type>();
+
     detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width, width_ref_,
                                                        ctx);
     if (!debug_) {
-      auto s = detail::get_path_string<Char>(p);
+      auto s = detail::get_path_string<Char>(p, path_string);
       return detail::write(ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(s), specs);
     }
     auto quoted = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
-    detail::write_escaped_path(quoted, p);
+    detail::write_escaped_path(quoted, p, path_string);
     return detail::write(ctx.out(),
                          basic_string_view<Char>(quoted.data(), quoted.size()),
                          specs);
   }
 };
+
+class path : public std::filesystem::path {
+ public:
+  auto display_string() const -> std::string {
+    const std::filesystem::path& base = *this;
+    return fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{}"), base);
+  }
+  auto system_string() const -> std::string { return string(); }
+
+  auto generic_display_string() const -> std::string {
+    const std::filesystem::path& base = *this;
+    return fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:g}"), base);
+  }
+  auto generic_system_string() const -> std::string { return generic_string(); }
+};
+
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif
+#endif  // FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <std::size_t N, typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::bitset<N>, Char> : nested_formatter<string_view> {
+ private:
+  // Functor because C++11 doesn't support generic lambdas.
+  struct writer {
+    const std::bitset<N>& bs;
+
+    template <typename OutputIt>
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+      for (auto pos = N; pos > 0; --pos) {
+        out = detail::write<Char>(out, bs[pos - 1] ? Char('1') : Char('0'));
+      }
+
+      return out;
+    }
+  };
+
+ public:
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::bitset<N>& bs, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return write_padded(ctx, writer{bs});
+  }
+};
+
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename Char>
 struct formatter<std::thread::id, Char> : basic_ostream_formatter<Char> {};
@@ -180,7 +239,7 @@ struct formatter<std::optional<T>, Char,
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(std::optional<T> const& opt, FormatContext& ctx) const
+  auto format(const std::optional<T>& opt, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     if (!opt) return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), none);
 
@@ -194,7 +253,82 @@ struct formatter<std::optional<T>, Char,
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 #endif  // __cpp_lib_optional
 
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_variant
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_expected) || FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
+auto write_escaped_alternative(OutputIt out, const T& v) -> OutputIt {
+  if constexpr (has_to_string_view<T>::value)
+    return write_escaped_string<Char>(out, detail::to_string_view(v));
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Char>) return write_escaped_char(out, v);
+  return write<Char>(out, v);
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_expected
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T, typename E, typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::expected<T, E>, Char,
+                 std::enable_if_t<is_formattable<T, Char>::value &&
+                                  is_formattable<E, Char>::value>> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::expected<T, E>& value, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+
+    if (value.has_value()) {
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, "expected(");
+      out = detail::write_escaped_alternative<Char>(out, *value);
+    } else {
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, "unexpected(");
+      out = detail::write_escaped_alternative<Char>(out, value.error());
+    }
+    *out++ = ')';
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif  // __cpp_lib_expected
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_source_location
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <> struct formatter<std::source_location> {
+  template <typename ParseContext> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::source_location& loc, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    out = detail::write(out, loc.file_name());
+    out = detail::write(out, ':');
+    out = detail::write<char>(out, loc.line());
+    out = detail::write(out, ':');
+    out = detail::write<char>(out, loc.column());
+    out = detail::write(out, ": ");
+    out = detail::write(out, loc.function_name());
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace detail {
 
@@ -218,16 +352,6 @@ template <typename T, typename C> class is_variant_formattable_ {
       decltype(check(variant_index_sequence<T>{}))::value;
 };
 
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
-auto write_variant_alternative(OutputIt out, const T& v) -> OutputIt {
-  if constexpr (is_string<T>::value)
-    return write_escaped_string<Char>(out, detail::to_string_view(v));
-  else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Char>)
-    return write_escaped_char(out, v);
-  else
-    return write<Char>(out, v);
-}
-
 }  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename T> struct is_variant_like {
@@ -273,7 +397,7 @@ struct formatter<
     FMT_TRY {
       std::visit(
           [&](const auto& v) {
-            out = detail::write_variant_alternative<Char>(out, v);
+            out = detail::write_escaped_alternative<Char>(out, v);
           },
           value);
     }
@@ -285,7 +409,7 @@ struct formatter<
   }
 };
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif  // __cpp_lib_variant
+#endif  // FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 FMT_EXPORT
@@ -299,48 +423,22 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::error_code, Char> {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const std::error_code& ec, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto out = ctx.out();
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, ec.category().name(), format_specs<Char>());
+    out = detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, ec.category().name(), format_specs());
     out = detail::write<Char>(out, Char(':'));
     out = detail::write<Char>(out, ec.value());
     return out;
   }
 };
 
-FMT_EXPORT
+#if FMT_USE_RTTI
-template <typename T, typename Char>
+namespace detail {
-struct formatter<
-    T, Char,
-    typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value>::type> {
- private:
-  bool with_typename_ = false;
 
- public:
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+auto write_demangled_name(OutputIt out, const std::type_info& ti) -> OutputIt {
-      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    auto it = ctx.begin();
-    auto end = ctx.end();
-    if (it == end || *it == '}') return it;
-    if (*it == 't') {
-      ++it;
-      with_typename_ = FMT_USE_TYPEID != 0;
-    }
-    return it;
-  }
-
-  template <typename OutputIt>
-  auto format(const std::exception& ex,
-              basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx) const -> OutputIt {
-    format_specs<Char> spec;
-    auto out = ctx.out();
-    if (!with_typename_)
-      return detail::write_bytes(out, string_view(ex.what()), spec);
-
-#if FMT_USE_TYPEID
-    const std::type_info& ti = typeid(ex);
 #  ifdef FMT_HAS_ABI_CXA_DEMANGLE
   int status = 0;
   std::size_t size = 0;
-    std::unique_ptr<char, decltype(&std::free)> demangled_name_ptr(
+  std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void*)> demangled_name_ptr(
       abi::__cxa_demangle(ti.name(), nullptr, &size, &status), &std::free);
 
   string_view demangled_name_view;
@@ -375,21 +473,85 @@ struct formatter<
   } else {
     demangled_name_view = string_view(ti.name());
   }
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, demangled_name_view, spec);
+  return detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, demangled_name_view);
 #  elif FMT_MSC_VERSION
-    string_view demangled_name_view(ti.name());
+  const string_view demangled_name(ti.name());
-    if (demangled_name_view.starts_with("class "))
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < demangled_name.size(); ++i) {
-      demangled_name_view.remove_prefix(6);
+    auto sub = demangled_name;
-    else if (demangled_name_view.starts_with("struct "))
+    sub.remove_prefix(i);
-      demangled_name_view.remove_prefix(7);
+    if (sub.starts_with("enum ")) {
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, demangled_name_view, spec);
+      i += 4;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (sub.starts_with("class ") || sub.starts_with("union ")) {
+      i += 5;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (sub.starts_with("struct ")) {
+      i += 6;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (*sub.begin() != ' ') *out++ = *sub.begin();
+  }
+  return out;
 #  else
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, string_view(ti.name()), spec);
+  return detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, string_view(ti.name()));
 #  endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::type_info, Char  // DEPRECATED! Mixing code unit types.
+                 > {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename Context>
+  auto format(const std::type_info& ti, Context& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return detail::write_demangled_name<Char>(ctx.out(), ti);
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    T, Char,  // DEPRECATED! Mixing code unit types.
+    typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value>::type> {
+ private:
+  bool with_typename_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin();
+    auto end = ctx.end();
+    if (it == end || *it == '}') return it;
+    if (*it == 't') {
+      ++it;
+      with_typename_ = FMT_USE_RTTI != 0;
+    }
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Context>
+  auto format(const std::exception& ex, Context& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+#if FMT_USE_RTTI
+    if (with_typename_) {
+      out = detail::write_demangled_name<Char>(out, typeid(ex));
       *out++ = ':';
       *out++ = ' ';
-    return detail::write_bytes(out, string_view(ex.what()), spec);
+    }
 #endif
+    return detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, string_view(ex.what()));
   }
 };
 
@@ -436,6 +598,14 @@ struct formatter<BitRef, Char,
   }
 };
 
+template <typename T, typename Deleter>
+auto ptr(const std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter>& p) -> const void* {
+  return p.get();
+}
+template <typename T> auto ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) -> const void* {
+  return p.get();
+}
+
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<std::atomic<T>, Char,
@@ -451,8 +621,7 @@ struct formatter<std::atomic<T>, Char,
 #ifdef __cpp_lib_atomic_flag_test
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<std::atomic_flag, Char>
+struct formatter<std::atomic_flag, Char> : formatter<bool, Char> {
-    : formatter<bool, Char> {
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const std::atomic_flag& v, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
@@ -461,5 +630,70 @@ struct formatter<std::atomic_flag, Char>
 };
 #endif  // __cpp_lib_atomic_flag_test
 
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct formatter<std::complex<T>, Char> {
+ private:
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+
+  template <typename FormatContext, typename OutputIt>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto do_format(const std::complex<T>& c,
+                               detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                               FormatContext& ctx, OutputIt out) const
+      -> OutputIt {
+    if (c.real() != 0) {
+      *out++ = Char('(');
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, c.real(), specs, ctx.locale());
+      specs.sign = sign::plus;
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, c.imag(), specs, ctx.locale());
+      if (!detail::isfinite(c.imag())) *out++ = Char(' ');
+      *out++ = Char('i');
+      *out++ = Char(')');
+      return out;
+    }
+    out = detail::write<Char>(out, c.imag(), specs, ctx.locale());
+    if (!detail::isfinite(c.imag())) *out++ = Char(' ');
+    *out++ = Char('i');
+    return out;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    if (ctx.begin() == ctx.end() || *ctx.begin() == '}') return ctx.begin();
+    return parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), specs_, ctx,
+                              detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::complex<T>& c, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto specs = specs_;
+    if (specs.width_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none ||
+        specs.precision_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none) {
+      detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width,
+                                                         specs.width_ref, ctx);
+      detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+          specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
+    }
+
+    if (specs.width == 0) return do_format(c, specs, ctx, ctx.out());
+    auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
+
+    auto outer_specs = format_specs();
+    outer_specs.width = specs.width;
+    outer_specs.fill = specs.fill;
+    outer_specs.align = specs.align;
+
+    specs.width = 0;
+    specs.fill = {};
+    specs.align = align::none;
+
+    do_format(c, specs, ctx, basic_appender<Char>(buf));
+    return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(),
+                               basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()),
+                               outer_specs);
+  }
+};
+
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 #endif  // FMT_STD_H_

dep/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h

@@ -8,13 +8,16 @@
 #ifndef FMT_XCHAR_H_
 #define FMT_XCHAR_H_
 
-#include <cwchar>
+#include "color.h"
-
 #include "format.h"
+#include "ranges.h"
 
-#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <cwchar>
+#  if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
 #    include <locale>
 #  endif
+#endif
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace detail {
@@ -22,9 +25,24 @@ namespace detail {
 template <typename T>
 using is_exotic_char = bool_constant<!std::is_same<T, char>::value>;
 
-inline auto write_loc(std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<wchar_t>> out,
+template <typename S, typename = void> struct format_string_char {};
-                      loc_value value, const format_specs<wchar_t>& specs,
+
-                      locale_ref loc) -> bool {
+template <typename S>
+struct format_string_char<
+    S, void_t<decltype(sizeof(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<S>())))>> {
+  using type = char_t<S>;
+};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct format_string_char<S, enable_if_t<is_compile_string<S>::value>> {
+  using type = typename S::char_type;
+};
+
+template <typename S>
+using format_string_char_t = typename format_string_char<S>::type;
+
+inline auto write_loc(basic_appender<wchar_t> out, loc_value value,
+                      const format_specs& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool {
 #ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
   auto& numpunct =
       std::use_facet<std::numpunct<wchar_t>>(loc.get<std::locale>());
@@ -41,7 +59,7 @@ FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 using wstring_view = basic_string_view<wchar_t>;
 using wformat_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<wchar_t>;
-using wformat_context = buffer_context<wchar_t>;
+using wformat_context = buffered_context<wchar_t>;
 using wformat_args = basic_format_args<wformat_context>;
 using wmemory_buffer = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>;
 
@@ -58,19 +76,24 @@ inline auto runtime(wstring_view s) -> runtime_format_string<wchar_t> {
 #endif
 
 template <> struct is_char<wchar_t> : std::true_type {};
-template <> struct is_char<detail::char8_type> : std::true_type {};
 template <> struct is_char<char16_t> : std::true_type {};
 template <> struct is_char<char32_t> : std::true_type {};
 
+#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+template <>
+struct is_char<char8_t> : bool_constant<detail::is_utf8_enabled()> {};
+#endif
+
 template <typename... T>
-constexpr format_arg_store<wformat_context, T...> make_wformat_args(
+constexpr auto make_wformat_args(T&... args)
-    const T&... args) {
+    -> decltype(fmt::make_format_args<wformat_context>(args...)) {
-  return {args...};
+  return fmt::make_format_args<wformat_context>(args...);
 }
 
 inline namespace literals {
 #if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS && !FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-constexpr detail::udl_arg<wchar_t> operator"" _a(const wchar_t* s, size_t) {
+constexpr auto operator""_a(const wchar_t* s, size_t)
+    -> detail::udl_arg<wchar_t> {
   return {s};
 }
 #endif
@@ -95,9 +118,15 @@ auto join(std::initializer_list<T> list, wstring_view sep)
   return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
 }
 
+template <typename... T>
+auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, basic_string_view<wchar_t> sep)
+    -> tuple_join_view<wchar_t, T...> {
+  return {tuple, sep};
+}
+
 template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
 auto vformat(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-             basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+             typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
@@ -109,87 +138,98 @@ auto format(wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> std::wstring {
   return vformat(fmt::wstring_view(fmt), fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
 }
 
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T>
+auto format_to(OutputIt out, wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> OutputIt {
+  return vformat_to(out, fmt::wstring_view(fmt),
+                    fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
 // Pass char_t as a default template parameter instead of using
 // std::basic_string<char_t<S>> to reduce the symbol size.
-template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
                         !std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value)>
 auto format(const S& format_str, T&&... args) -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   return vformat(detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                 fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                 fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename Locale, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename Locale, typename S,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
-inline auto vformat(
+inline auto vformat(const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
-    const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+                    typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   return detail::vformat(loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args);
 }
 
-template <typename Locale, typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename Locale, typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 inline auto format(const Locale& loc, const S& format_str, T&&... args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
-  return detail::vformat(loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
+  return detail::vformat(
-                         fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+      loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
+      fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const S& format_str,
-                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+                typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args) -> OutputIt {
-    -> OutputIt {
   auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
   detail::vformat_to(buf, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args);
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... T,
-          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value &&
-                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+                        !std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value)>
 inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const S& fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
   return vformat_to(out, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                    fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                    fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename Locale, typename S, typename OutputIt, typename... Args,
-          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
                                 detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
-inline auto vformat_to(
+inline auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
-    OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+                       typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) -> OutputIt {
+    -> OutputIt {
   auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
   vformat_to(buf, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args,
              detail::locale_ref(loc));
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
-template <
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename S, typename... T,
-    typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
-    typename Char = char_t<S>,
           bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value &&
-        detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&& detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value>
+                        detail::is_locale<Locale>::value &&
+                        detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value>
 inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
                       T&&... args) ->
     typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
   return vformat_to(out, loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                    fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                    fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
-inline auto vformat_to_n(
+inline auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n,
-    OutputIt out, size_t n, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                         basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+                         typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
     -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
   using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
   auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, Char, traits>(out, n);
@@ -198,21 +238,22 @@ inline auto vformat_to_n(
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... T,
-          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 inline auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S& fmt, T&&... args)
     -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
-  return vformat_to_n(out, n, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt::basic_string_view<Char>(fmt),
-                      fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                      fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 inline auto formatted_size(const S& fmt, T&&... args) -> size_t {
   auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                     fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                     fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
   return buf.count();
 }
 
@@ -246,9 +287,32 @@ template <typename... T> void println(wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   return print(L"{}\n", fmt::format(fmt, std::forward<T>(args)...));
 }
 
-/**
+inline auto vformat(const text_style& ts, wstring_view fmt, wformat_args args)
-  Converts *value* to ``std::wstring`` using the default format for type *T*.
+    -> std::wstring {
- */
+  auto buf = wmemory_buffer();
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
+  return fmt::to_string(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+inline auto format(const text_style& ts, wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> std::wstring {
+  return fmt::vformat(ts, fmt, fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts,
+                          wformat_string<T...> fmt, const T&... args) {
+  vprint(f, ts, fmt, fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void print(const text_style& ts, wformat_string<T...> fmt,
+                          const T&... args) {
+  return print(stdout, ts, fmt, args...);
+}
+
+/// Converts `value` to `std::wstring` using the default format for type `T`.
 template <typename T> inline auto to_wstring(const T& value) -> std::wstring {
   return format(FMT_STRING(L"{}"), value);
 }

dep/fmt/src/fmt.cc

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ module;
 
 // Put all implementation-provided headers into the global module fragment
 // to prevent attachment to this module.
+#ifndef FMT_IMPORT_STD
 #  include <algorithm>
-#include <cerrno>
+#  include <bitset>
 #  include <chrono>
-#include <climits>
 #  include <cmath>
+#  include <complex>
 #  include <cstddef>
 #  include <cstdint>
 #  include <cstdio>
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ module;
 #  include <cstring>
 #  include <ctime>
 #  include <exception>
+#  include <expected>
 #  include <filesystem>
 #  include <fstream>
 #  include <functional>
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ module;
 #  include <memory>
 #  include <optional>
 #  include <ostream>
+#  include <source_location>
 #  include <stdexcept>
 #  include <string>
 #  include <string_view>
@@ -33,6 +36,14 @@ module;
 #  include <utility>
 #  include <variant>
 #  include <vector>
+#else
+#  include <limits.h>
+#  include <stdint.h>
+#  include <stdio.h>
+#  include <time.h>
+#endif
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <climits>
 #include <version>
 
 #if __has_include(<cxxabi.h>)
@@ -63,8 +74,6 @@ module;
 #  if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
 #    include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
 #    include <ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h>
-#  elif defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-#    include <__std_stream>
 #  endif
 #  define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #  include <windows.h>
@@ -72,6 +81,10 @@ module;
 
 export module fmt;
 
+#ifdef FMT_IMPORT_STD
+import std;
+#endif
+
 #define FMT_EXPORT export
 #define FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT export {
 #define FMT_END_EXPORT }
@@ -85,6 +98,10 @@ export module fmt;
 extern "C++" {
 #endif
 
+#ifndef FMT_OS
+#  define FMT_OS 1
+#endif
+
 // All library-provided declarations and definitions must be in the module
 // purview to be exported.
 #include "fmt/args.h"
@@ -92,8 +109,12 @@ extern "C++" {
 #include "fmt/color.h"
 #include "fmt/compile.h"
 #include "fmt/format.h"
+#if FMT_OS
 #  include "fmt/os.h"
+#endif
+#include "fmt/ostream.h"
 #include "fmt/printf.h"
+#include "fmt/ranges.h"
 #include "fmt/std.h"
 #include "fmt/xchar.h"
 
@@ -106,5 +127,9 @@ extern "C++" {
 module :private;
 #endif
 
+#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("format.cc")
 #  include "format.cc"
+#endif
+#if FMT_OS && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("os.cc")
 #  include "os.cc"
+#endif

dep/fmt/src/os.cc

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include "fmt/os.h"
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <climits>
 
 #  if FMT_USE_FCNTL
@@ -29,7 +30,15 @@
 #        define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #      endif
 #      include <io.h>
+#    endif  // _WIN32
+#  endif    // FMT_USE_FCNTL
 
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+#    include <windows.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
 #  ifndef S_IRUSR
 #    define S_IRUSR _S_IREAD
 #  endif
@@ -48,11 +57,6 @@
 #  ifndef S_IWOTH
 #    define S_IWOTH 0
 #  endif
-#  endif  // _WIN32
-#endif    // FMT_USE_FCNTL
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#  include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
 namespace {
@@ -182,10 +186,16 @@ void buffered_file::close() {
 }
 
 int buffered_file::descriptor() const {
-#ifdef fileno  // fileno is a macro on OpenBSD so we cannot use FMT_POSIX_CALL.
+#ifdef FMT_HAS_SYSTEM
-  int fd = fileno(file_);
+  // fileno is a macro on OpenBSD.
-#else
+#  ifdef fileno
+#    undef fileno
+#  endif
   int fd = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fileno(file_));
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  int fd = _fileno(file_);
+#else
+  int fd = fileno(file_);
 #endif
   if (fd == -1)
     FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot get file descriptor")));
@@ -196,6 +206,7 @@ int buffered_file::descriptor() const {
 #  ifdef _WIN32
 using mode_t = int;
 #  endif
+
 constexpr mode_t default_open_mode =
     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH;
 
@@ -297,29 +308,6 @@ void file::dup2(int fd, std::error_code& ec) noexcept {
   if (result == -1) ec = std::error_code(errno, std::generic_category());
 }
 
-void file::pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end) {
-  // Close the descriptors first to make sure that assignments don't throw
-  // and there are no leaks.
-  read_end.close();
-  write_end.close();
-  int fds[2] = {};
-#  ifdef _WIN32
-  // Make the default pipe capacity same as on Linux 2.6.11+.
-  enum { DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 65536 };
-  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds, DEFAULT_CAPACITY, _O_BINARY));
-#  else
-  // Don't retry as the pipe function doesn't return EINTR.
-  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/pipe.html
-  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds));
-#  endif
-  if (result != 0)
-    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot create pipe")));
-  // The following assignments don't throw because read_fd and write_fd
-  // are closed.
-  read_end = file(fds[0]);
-  write_end = file(fds[1]);
-}
-
 buffered_file file::fdopen(const char* mode) {
 // Don't retry as fdopen doesn't return EINTR.
 #  if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_POSIX_)
@@ -348,6 +336,24 @@ file file::open_windows_file(wcstring_view path, int oflag) {
 }
 #  endif
 
+pipe::pipe() {
+  int fds[2] = {};
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  // Make the default pipe capacity same as on Linux 2.6.11+.
+  enum { DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 65536 };
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds, DEFAULT_CAPACITY, _O_BINARY));
+#  else
+  // Don't retry as the pipe function doesn't return EINTR.
+  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/pipe.html
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds));
+#  endif
+  if (result != 0)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot create pipe")));
+  // The following assignments don't throw.
+  read_end = file(fds[0]);
+  write_end = file(fds[1]);
+}
+
 #  if !defined(__MSDOS__)
 long getpagesize() {
 #    ifdef _WIN32
@@ -370,18 +376,17 @@ long getpagesize() {
 
 namespace detail {
 
-void file_buffer::grow(size_t) {
+void file_buffer::grow(buffer<char>& buf, size_t) {
-  if (this->size() == this->capacity()) flush();
+  if (buf.size() == buf.capacity()) static_cast<file_buffer&>(buf).flush();
 }
 
-file_buffer::file_buffer(cstring_view path,
+file_buffer::file_buffer(cstring_view path, const ostream_params& params)
-                         const detail::ostream_params& params)
+    : buffer<char>(grow), file_(path, params.oflag) {
-    : file_(path, params.oflag) {
   set(new char[params.buffer_size], params.buffer_size);
 }
 
-file_buffer::file_buffer(file_buffer&& other)
+file_buffer::file_buffer(file_buffer&& other) noexcept
-    : detail::buffer<char>(other.data(), other.size(), other.capacity()),
+    : buffer<char>(grow, other.data(), other.size(), other.capacity()),
       file_(std::move(other.file_)) {
   other.clear();
   other.set(nullptr, 0);

src/common/error.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
 
 #include "error.h"
+#include "small_string.h"
 #include "string_util.h"
 
 #include <cstdlib>
@@ -255,6 +256,26 @@ void Error::AddSuffix(std::string_view suffix)
   m_description.append(suffix);
 }
 
+void Error::SetStringFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args)
+{
+  m_type = Type::User;
+  m_description = fmt::vformat(fmt, std::move(args));
+}
+
+void Error::AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args)
+{
+  SmallString str;
+  str.vformat(fmt, std::move(args));
+  AddPrefix(str.view());
+}
+
+void Error::AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args)
+{
+  SmallString str;
+  str.vformat(fmt, std::move(args));
+  AddSuffix(str.view());
+}
+
 void Error::AddPrefix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix)
 {
   if (errptr)

src/common/error.h

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "small_string.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -84,54 +83,52 @@ public:
   static void SetHResult(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix, long err);
 #endif
 
+  template<typename... T>
+  void SetStringFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+  {
+    SetStringFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+
+  void AddPrefix(std::string_view prefix);
+
+  template<typename... T>
+  void AddPrefixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+  {
+    AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+
+  void AddSuffix(std::string_view suffix);
+
+  template<typename... T>
+  void AddSuffixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+  {
+    AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+
   /// Sets a formatted message.
   template<typename... T>
   static void SetStringFmt(Error* errptr, fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
   {
     if (errptr)
-      Error::SetString(errptr, fmt::vformat(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...)));
+      errptr->SetStringFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
 
-  void AddPrefix(std::string_view prefix);
-  void AddSuffix(std::string_view suffix);
   static void AddPrefix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix);
-  static void AddSuffix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix);
-
-  template<typename... T>
-  void AddPrefixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-  {
-    TinyString str;
-    fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-    AddPrefix(str.view());
-  }
-
-  template<typename... T>
-  void AddSuffixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-  {
-    TinyString str;
-    fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-    AddSuffix(str.view());
-  }
 
   template<typename... T>
   static void AddPrefixFmt(Error* errptr, fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
   {
     if (errptr)
-    {
+      errptr->AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-      TinyString str;
-      fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-      errptr->AddPrefix(str.view());
-    }
   }
+
+  static void AddSuffix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix);
+
   template<typename... T>
   static void AddSuffixFmt(Error* errptr, fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
   {
     if (errptr)
-    {
+      errptr->AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-      TinyString str;
-      fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-      errptr->AddSuffix(str.view());
-    }
   }
 
   Error& operator=(const Error& e);
@@ -140,6 +137,10 @@ public:
   bool operator!=(const Error& e) const;
 
 private:
+  void SetStringFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);
+  void AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);
+  void AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);
+
   Type m_type = Type::None;
   std::string m_description;
 };

src/common/file_system.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "string_util.h"
 #include "timer.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>

src/common/log.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstdarg>

src/common/progress_callback.h

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 #include "small_string.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 class ProgressCallback

src/common/small_string.h

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <limits>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ public:
   ALWAYS_INLINE const char& front() const { return m_buffer[0]; }
   ALWAYS_INLINE char& back() { return m_buffer[m_length - 1]; }
   ALWAYS_INLINE const char& back() const { return m_buffer[m_length - 1]; }
-  ALWAYS_INLINE void push_back(value_type&& val) { append(val); }
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void push_back(value_type val) { append(val); }
   ALWAYS_INLINE void pop_back() { erase(-1); }
 
   // returns a string view for this string
@@ -422,13 +423,13 @@ ALWAYS_INLINE void SmallStringBase::format(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&...
   struct fmt::formatter<type>                                                                                          \
   {                                                                                                                    \
     template<typename ParseContext>                                                                                    \
-    constexpr auto parse(ParseContext& ctx)                                                                            \
+    constexpr auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) const                                                                      \
     {                                                                                                                  \
       return ctx.begin();                                                                                              \
     }                                                                                                                  \
                                                                                                                        \
     template<typename FormatContext>                                                                                   \
-    auto format(const type& str, FormatContext& ctx)                                                                   \
+    auto format(const type& str, FormatContext& ctx) const                                                             \
     {                                                                                                                  \
       return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{}", str.view());                                                              \
     }                                                                                                                  \

src/core/analog_controller.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 

src/core/analog_joystick.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 Log_SetChannel(AnalogJoystick);
 

src/core/cdrom.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "common/heap_array.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 #include "imgui.h"
 
 #include <cmath>

src/core/cpu_core.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include "common/file_system.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <cstdio>
 
 Log_SetChannel(CPU::Core);

src/core/game_database.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsEmoji.h"
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 Log_SetChannel(GameDatabase);
 

src/core/game_list.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "common/timer.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <ctime>

src/core/host.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
-#include "imgui.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <limits>

src/core/hotkeys.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsEmoji.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 

src/core/memory_card.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 Log_SetChannel(MemoryCard);
 

src/core/negcon_rumble.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 

src/core/pad.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "common/log.h"
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <memory>

src/core/settings.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cctype>

src/core/spu.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/path.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <memory>
 
 Log_SetChannel(SPU);

src/duckstation-qt/autoupdaterdialog.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
 #include <QtCore/QFile>
 #include <QtCore/QJsonArray>

src/duckstation-qt/controllerbindingwidgets.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtWidgets/QCheckBox>
 #include <QtWidgets/QDoubleSpinBox>
 #include <QtWidgets/QInputDialog>

src/duckstation-qt/controllerglobalsettingswidget.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "qtutils.h"
 #include "settingwidgetbinder.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include "util/sdl_input_source.h"
 
 ControllerGlobalSettingsWidget::ControllerGlobalSettingsWidget(QWidget* parent, ControllerSettingsWindow* dialog)
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ ControllerLEDSettingsDialog::~ControllerLEDSettingsDialog() = default;
 
 void ControllerLEDSettingsDialog::linkButton(ColorPickerButton* button, u32 player_id)
 {
-  std::string key(fmt::format("Player{}LED", player_id));
+  std::string key = fmt::format("Player{}LED", player_id);
   const u32 current_value =
     SDLInputSource::ParseRGBForPlayerId(m_dialog->getStringValue("SDLExtra", key.c_str(), ""), player_id);
   button->setColor(current_value);

src/duckstation-qt/inputbindingdialog.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 #include "common/bitutils.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QTimer>
 #include <QtGui/QKeyEvent>
 #include <QtGui/QMouseEvent>

src/duckstation-qt/memorycardsettingswidget.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #include "common/small_string.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QUrl>
 #include <QtWidgets/QFileDialog>
 #include <QtWidgets/QLabel>

src/duckstation-qt/memoryscannerwindow.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QFileInfo>
 #include <QtGui/QColor>
 #include <QtWidgets/QFileDialog>

src/duckstation-qt/qthost.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "setupwizarddialog.h"
 
 #include "core/achievements.h"
+#include "core/bus.h"
 #include "core/cheats.h"
 #include "core/controller.h"
 #include "core/fullscreen_ui.h"
@@ -45,8 +46,7 @@
 
 #include "scmversion/scmversion.h"
 
-#include "core/bus.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
-#include "imgui.h"
 
 #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
 #include <QtCore/QDateTime>

src/duckstation-qt/setupwizarddialog.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 
 #include "common/file_system.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtWidgets/QMessageBox>
 
 SetupWizardDialog::SetupWizardDialog()

src/duckstation-regtest/regtest_host.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "common/timer.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <csignal>
 #include <cstdio>
 

src/util/cd_image.cpp

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<CDImage> CDImage::Open(const char* filename, bool allow_patches,
     {
       image = CDImage::OverlayPPFPatch(ppf_filename.c_str(), std::move(image));
       if (!image)
-        Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("Failed to apply ppf patch from '{}'.", ppf_filename));
+        Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Failed to apply ppf patch from '{}'.", ppf_filename);
     }
   }
 

src/util/cd_image_device.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include "common/small_string.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ bool CDImageDeviceWin32::Open(const char* filename, Error* error)
   if (m_tracks.empty())
   {
     ERROR_LOG("File '{}' contains no tracks", filename);
-    Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("File '{}' contains no tracks", filename));
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "File '{}' contains no tracks", filename);
     return false;
   }
 

src/util/cd_image_hasher.cpp

@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
 
 #include "cd_image_hasher.h"
 #include "cd_image.h"
-
+#include "host.h"
-#include "util/host.h"
 
 #include "common/md5_digest.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 namespace CDImageHasher {
 
 static bool ReadIndex(CDImage* image, u8 track, u8 index, MD5Digest* digest, ProgressCallback* progress_callback);

src/util/cd_image_pbp.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 #include "zlib.h"
 
 #include <array>
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ bool CDImagePBP::OpenDisc(u32 index, Error* error)
   if (index >= m_disc_offsets.size())
   {
     ERROR_LOG("File does not contain disc {}", index + 1);
-    Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("File does not contain disc {}", index + 1));
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "File does not contain disc {}", index + 1);
     return false;
   }
 

src/util/cue_parser.cpp

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void CueParser::File::SetError(u32 line_number, Error* error, const char* format
   va_end(ap);
 
   ERROR_LOG("Cue parse error at line {}: {}", line_number, str.c_str());
-  Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("Cue parse error at line {}: {}", line_number, str));
+  Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Cue parse error at line {}: {}", line_number, str);
 }
 
 std::string_view CueParser::File::GetToken(const char*& line)

src/util/input_source.cpp

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
 
 #include "input_source.h"
+
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 InputSource::InputSource() = default;
 
 InputSource::~InputSource() = default;

src/util/pch.h

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "common/types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
-#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>

src/util/sdl_input_source.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 

src/util/win32_raw_input_source.cpp

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
 
 #include "win32_raw_input_source.h"
+#include "input_manager.h"
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
-#include "core/host.h"
+
-#include "core/system.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
-#include "input_manager.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <hidsdi.h>

src/util/xinput_source.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>