diff --git a/dep/fmt/CMakeLists.txt b/dep/fmt/CMakeLists.txt
index bcdd1101a..e3b35110f 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/dep/fmt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8...3.26)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8...3.28)
 
 # Fallback for using newer policies on CMake <3.12.
-if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.12)
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.12)
   cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 # Determine if fmt is built as a subproject (using add_subdirectory)
 # or if it is the master project.
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ function(enable_module target)
   endif ()
 endfunction()
 
+set(FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES FALSE)
+if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.28 AND
+    CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL "Ninja")
+  set(FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES TRUE)
+endif ()
+
 # Adds a library compiled with C++20 module support.
 # `enabled` is a CMake variables that specifies if modules are enabled.
 # If modules are disabled `add_module_library` falls back to creating a
@@ -53,6 +59,7 @@ function(add_module_library name)
   if (NOT ${${AML_IF}})
     # Create a non-modular library.
     target_sources(${name} PRIVATE ${AML_FALLBACK})
+    set_target_properties(${name} PROPERTIES CXX_SCAN_FOR_MODULES OFF)
     return()
   endif ()
 
@@ -62,48 +69,55 @@ function(add_module_library name)
     target_compile_options(${name} PUBLIC -fmodules-ts)
   endif ()
 
-  # `std` is affected by CMake options and may be higher than C++20.
-  get_target_property(std ${name} CXX_STANDARD)
+  target_compile_definitions(${name} PRIVATE FMT_MODULE)
 
-  if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
-    set(pcms)
-    foreach (src ${sources})
-      get_filename_component(pcm ${src} NAME_WE)
-      set(pcm ${pcm}.pcm)
+  if (FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES)
+    target_sources(${name} PUBLIC FILE_SET fmt TYPE CXX_MODULES
+                   FILES ${sources})
+  else()
+    # `std` is affected by CMake options and may be higher than C++20.
+    get_target_property(std ${name} CXX_STANDARD)
 
-      # Propagate -fmodule-file=*.pcm to targets that link with this library.
-      target_compile_options(
-        ${name} PUBLIC -fmodule-file=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${pcm})
+    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+      set(pcms)
+      foreach (src ${sources})
+        get_filename_component(pcm ${src} NAME_WE)
+        set(pcm ${pcm}.pcm)
 
-      # Use an absolute path to prevent target_link_libraries prepending -l
-      # to it.
-      set(pcms ${pcms} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${pcm})
-      add_custom_command(
-        OUTPUT ${pcm}
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
-                -std=c++${std} -x c++-module --precompile -c
-                -o ${pcm} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${src}
-                "-I$<JOIN:$<TARGET_PROPERTY:${name},INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES>,;-I>"
-        # Required by the -I generator expression above.
-        COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
-        DEPENDS ${src})
-    endforeach ()
+        # Propagate -fmodule-file=*.pcm to targets that link with this library.
+        target_compile_options(
+          ${name} PUBLIC -fmodule-file=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${pcm})
 
-    # Add .pcm files as sources to make sure they are built before the library.
-    set(sources)
-    foreach (pcm ${pcms})
-      get_filename_component(pcm_we ${pcm} NAME_WE)
-      set(obj ${pcm_we}.o)
-      # Use an absolute path to prevent target_link_libraries prepending -l.
-      set(sources ${sources} ${pcm} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${obj})
-      add_custom_command(
-        OUTPUT ${obj}
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} $<TARGET_PROPERTY:${name},COMPILE_OPTIONS>
-                -c -o ${obj} ${pcm}
-        DEPENDS ${pcm})
-    endforeach ()
-  endif ()
-  target_sources(${name} PRIVATE ${sources})
+        # Use an absolute path to prevent target_link_libraries prepending -l
+        # to it.
+        set(pcms ${pcms} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${pcm})
+        add_custom_command(
+          OUTPUT ${pcm}
+          COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
+                  -std=c++${std} -x c++-module --precompile -c
+                  -o ${pcm} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${src}
+                  "-I$<JOIN:$<TARGET_PROPERTY:${name},INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES>,;-I>"
+          # Required by the -I generator expression above.
+          COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
+          DEPENDS ${src})
+      endforeach ()
+
+      # Add .pcm files as sources to make sure they are built before the library.
+      set(sources)
+      foreach (pcm ${pcms})
+        get_filename_component(pcm_we ${pcm} NAME_WE)
+        set(obj ${pcm_we}.o)
+        # Use an absolute path to prevent target_link_libraries prepending -l.
+        set(sources ${sources} ${pcm} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${obj})
+        add_custom_command(
+          OUTPUT ${obj}
+          COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} $<TARGET_PROPERTY:${name},COMPILE_OPTIONS>
+                  -c -o ${obj} ${pcm}
+          DEPENDS ${pcm})
+      endforeach ()
+    endif ()
+    target_sources(${name} PRIVATE ${sources})
+  endif()
 endfunction()
 
 include(CMakeParseArguments)
@@ -150,9 +164,10 @@ option(FMT_INSTALL "Generate the install target." ON)
 option(FMT_TEST "Generate the test target." ${FMT_MASTER_PROJECT})
 option(FMT_FUZZ "Generate the fuzz target." OFF)
 option(FMT_CUDA_TEST "Generate the cuda-test target." OFF)
-option(FMT_OS "Include core requiring OS (Windows/Posix) " ON)
+option(FMT_OS "Include OS-specific APIs." ON)
 option(FMT_MODULE "Build a module instead of a traditional library." OFF)
 option(FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS "Expose headers with marking them as system." OFF)
+option(FMT_UNICODE "Enable Unicode support." ON)
 
 if (FMT_TEST AND FMT_MODULE)
   # The tests require {fmt} to be compiled as traditional library
@@ -162,15 +177,15 @@ set(FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS_ATTRIBUTE "")
 if (FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS)
   set(FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS_ATTRIBUTE SYSTEM)
 endif ()
-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "MSDOS")
+if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "MSDOS")
   set(FMT_TEST OFF)
   message(STATUS "MSDOS is incompatible with gtest")
-endif()
+endif ()
 
-# Get version from core.h
-file(READ include/fmt/core.h core_h)
-if (NOT core_h MATCHES "FMT_VERSION ([0-9]+)([0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])")
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot get FMT_VERSION from core.h.")
+# Get version from base.h
+file(READ include/fmt/base.h base_h)
+if (NOT base_h MATCHES "FMT_VERSION ([0-9]+)([0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot get FMT_VERSION from base.h.")
 endif ()
 # Use math to skip leading zeros if any.
 math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
@@ -178,7 +193,7 @@ math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR ${CMAKE_MATCH_2})
 math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH ${CMAKE_MATCH_3})
 join(FMT_VERSION ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}.${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR}.
                  ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH})
-message(STATUS "Version: ${FMT_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "{fmt} version: ${FMT_VERSION}")
 
 message(STATUS "Build type: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
 
@@ -274,20 +289,21 @@ function(add_headers VAR)
 endfunction()
 
 # Define the fmt library, its includes and the needed defines.
-add_headers(FMT_HEADERS args.h chrono.h color.h compile.h core.h format.h
+add_headers(FMT_HEADERS args.h base.h chrono.h color.h compile.h core.h format.h
                         format-inl.h os.h ostream.h printf.h ranges.h std.h
                         xchar.h)
 set(FMT_SOURCES src/format.cc)
-if (FMT_OS)
-  set(FMT_SOURCES ${FMT_SOURCES} src/os.cc)
-endif ()
 
 add_module_library(fmt src/fmt.cc FALLBACK
-                   ${FMT_SOURCES} ${FMT_HEADERS} README.rst ChangeLog.rst
+                   ${FMT_SOURCES} ${FMT_HEADERS} README.md ChangeLog.md
                    IF FMT_MODULE)
 add_library(fmt::fmt ALIAS fmt)
 if (FMT_MODULE)
   enable_module(fmt)
+elseif (FMT_OS)
+  target_sources(fmt PRIVATE src/os.cc)
+else()
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PRIVATE FMT_OS=0)
 endif ()
 
 if (FMT_WERROR)
@@ -312,7 +328,15 @@ set(FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX d CACHE STRING "Debug library postfix.")
 set_target_properties(fmt PROPERTIES
   VERSION ${FMT_VERSION} SOVERSION ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}
   PUBLIC_HEADER "${FMT_HEADERS}"
-  DEBUG_POSTFIX "${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
+  DEBUG_POSTFIX "${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}"
+
+  # Workaround for Visual Studio 2017:
+  # Ensure the .pdb is created with the same name and in the same directory
+  # as the .lib. Newer VS versions already do this by default, but there is no
+  # harm in setting it for those too. Ignored by other generators.
+  COMPILE_PDB_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+  COMPILE_PDB_NAME "fmt"
+  COMPILE_PDB_NAME_DEBUG "fmt${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
 
 # Set FMT_LIB_NAME for pkg-config fmt.pc. We cannot use the OUTPUT_NAME target
 # property because it's not set by default.
@@ -326,15 +350,26 @@ if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 endif ()
 if (FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST)
   target_compile_definitions(fmt PUBLIC FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST)
-endif()
+endif ()
 
 add_library(fmt-header-only INTERFACE)
 add_library(fmt::fmt-header-only ALIAS fmt-header-only)
 
+if (NOT MSVC)
+  # Unicode is always supported on compilers other than MSVC.
+elseif (FMT_UNICODE)
+  # Unicode support requires compiling with /utf-8.
+  target_compile_options(fmt PUBLIC $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>)
+  target_compile_options(fmt-header-only INTERFACE $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>)
+else ()
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PUBLIC FMT_UNICODE=0)
+endif ()
+
 target_compile_definitions(fmt-header-only INTERFACE FMT_HEADER_ONLY=1)
 target_compile_features(fmt-header-only INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
 
-target_include_directories(fmt-header-only ${FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS_ATTRIBUTE} INTERFACE
+target_include_directories(fmt-header-only
+  ${FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS_ATTRIBUTE} INTERFACE
   $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
   $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${FMT_INC_DIR}>)
 
@@ -379,12 +414,18 @@ if (FMT_INSTALL)
 
   set(INSTALL_TARGETS fmt fmt-header-only)
 
+  set(INSTALL_FILE_SET)
+  if (FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES)
+    set(INSTALL_FILE_SET FILE_SET fmt DESTINATION "${FMT_INC_DIR}/fmt")
+  endif()
+
   # Install the library and headers.
   install(TARGETS ${INSTALL_TARGETS} EXPORT ${targets_export_name}
           LIBRARY DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR}
           ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR}
           PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION "${FMT_INC_DIR}/fmt"
-          RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
+          RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+          ${INSTALL_FILE_SET})
 
   # Use a namespace because CMake provides better diagnostics for namespaced
   # imported targets.
@@ -401,8 +442,44 @@ if (FMT_INSTALL)
   install(FILES "${pkgconfig}" DESTINATION "${FMT_PKGCONFIG_DIR}")
 endif ()
 
+function(add_doc_target)
+  find_program(DOXYGEN doxygen
+    PATHS "$ENV{ProgramFiles}/doxygen/bin"
+          "$ENV{ProgramFiles\(x86\)}/doxygen/bin")
+  if (NOT DOXYGEN)
+    message(STATUS "Target 'doc' disabled because doxygen not found")
+    return ()
+  endif ()
+
+  find_program(MKDOCS mkdocs)
+  if (NOT MKDOCS)
+    message(STATUS "Target 'doc' disabled because mkdocs not found")
+    return ()
+  endif ()
+
+  set(sources )
+  foreach (source api.md index.md syntax.md get-started.md fmt.css fmt.js)
+    set(sources ${sources} doc/${source})
+  endforeach()
+
+  add_custom_target(
+    doc
+    COMMAND
+      ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -E env PYTHONPATH=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/python
+        ${MKDOCS} build -f ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/mkdocs.yml
+        # MkDocs requires the site dir to be outside of the doc dir.
+                        --site-dir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/doc-html
+                        --no-directory-urls
+    SOURCES ${sources})
+
+  include(GNUInstallDirs)
+  install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/doc-html/
+          DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR}/doc/fmt OPTIONAL)
+endfunction()
+
 if (FMT_DOC)
-  add_subdirectory(doc)
+  add_doc_target()
 endif ()
 
 if (FMT_TEST)
@@ -432,13 +509,12 @@ if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND EXISTS ${gitignore})
     string(REPLACE "*" ".*" line "${line}")
     set(ignored_files ${ignored_files} "${line}$" "${line}/")
   endforeach ()
-  set(ignored_files ${ignored_files}
-    /.git /breathe /format-benchmark sphinx/ .buildinfo .doctrees)
+  set(ignored_files ${ignored_files} /.git /build/doxyxml .vagrant)
 
   set(CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR ZIP)
   set(CPACK_SOURCE_IGNORE_FILES ${ignored_files})
   set(CPACK_SOURCE_PACKAGE_FILE_NAME fmt-${FMT_VERSION})
   set(CPACK_PACKAGE_NAME fmt)
-  set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.rst)
+  set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md)
   include(CPack)
 endif ()
diff --git a/dep/fmt/ChangeLog.md b/dep/fmt/ChangeLog.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ba567d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dep/fmt/ChangeLog.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2628 @@
+# 11.0.2 - 2024-07-20
+
+- Fixed compatibility with non-POSIX systems
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4054,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4060).
+
+- Fixed performance regressions when using `std::back_insert_iterator` with
+  `fmt::format_to` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4070).
+
+- Fixed handling of `std::generator` and move-only iterators
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4053,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4057). Thanks @Arghnews.
+
+- Made `formatter<std::string_view>::parse` work with types convertible to
+  `std::string_view` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4036,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4055). Thanks @Arghnews.
+
+- Made `volatile void*` formattable
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4049,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4056). Thanks @Arghnews.
+
+- Made `Glib::ustring` not be confused with `std::string`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4052).
+
+- Made `fmt::context` iterator compatible with STL algorithms that rely on
+  iterator category (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4079).
+
+# 11.0.1 - 2024-07-05
+
+- Fixed version number in the inline namespace
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4047).
+
+- Fixed disabling Unicode support via CMake
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4051).
+
+- Fixed deprecated `visit_format_arg` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4043).
+  Thanks @nebkat.
+
+- Fixed handling of a sign and improved the `std::complex` formater
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4034,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4050). Thanks @tesch1 and @phprus.
+
+- Fixed ADL issues in `fmt::printf` when using C++20
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4042). Thanks @toge.
+
+- Removed a redundant check in the formatter for `std::expected`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4040). Thanks @phprus.
+
+# 11.0.0 - 2024-07-01
+
+- Added `fmt/base.h` which provides a subset of the API with minimal include
+  dependencies and enough functionality to replace all uses of the `printf`
+  family of functions. This brings the compile time of code using {fmt} much
+  closer to the equivalent `printf` code as shown on the following benchmark
+  that compiles 100 source files:
+
+  | Method       | Compile Time (s) |
+  |--------------|------------------|
+  | printf       | 1.6              |
+  | IOStreams    | 25.9             |
+  | fmt 10.x     | 19.0             |
+  | fmt 11.0     | 4.8              |
+  | tinyformat   | 29.1             |
+  | Boost Format | 55.0             |
+
+  This gives almost 4x improvement in build speed compared to version 10.
+  Note that the benchmark is purely formatting code and includes. In real
+  projects the difference from `printf` will be smaller partly because common
+  standard headers will be included in almost any translation unit (TU) anyway.
+  In particular, in every case except `printf` above ~1s is spent in total on
+  including `<type_traits>` in all TUs.
+
+- Optimized includes in other headers such as `fmt/format.h` which is now
+  roughly equivalent to the old `fmt/core.h` in terms of build speed.
+
+- Migrated the documentation at https://fmt.dev/ from Sphinx to MkDocs.
+
+- Improved C++20 module support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3990,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3991,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3993,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3994,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3997,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3998,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4004,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4005,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4006,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4013,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4027,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4029). In particular, native CMake support
+  for modules is now used if available. Thanks @yujincheng08 and @matt77hias.
+
+- Added an option to replace standard includes with `import std` enabled via
+  the `FMT_IMPORT_STD` macro (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3921,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3928). Thanks @matt77hias.
+
+- Exported `fmt::range_format`, `fmt::range_format_kind` and
+  `fmt::compiled_string` from the `fmt` module
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3970,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3999).
+  Thanks @matt77hias and @yujincheng08.
+
+- Improved integration with stdio in `fmt::print`, enabling direct writes
+  into a C stream buffer in common cases. This may give significant
+  performance improvements ranging from tens of percent to [2x](
+  https://stackoverflow.com/a/78457454/471164) and eliminates dynamic memory
+  allocations on the buffer level. It is currently enabled for built-in and
+  string types with wider availability coming up in future releases.
+
+  For example, it gives ~24% improvement on a [simple benchmark](
+  https://isocpp.org/files/papers/P3107R5.html#perf) compiled with Apple clang
+  version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.1.0.2.5) and run on macOS 14.2.1:
+
+  ```
+  -------------------------------------------------------
+  Benchmark             Time             CPU   Iterations
+  -------------------------------------------------------
+  printf             81.8 ns         81.5 ns      8496899
+  fmt::print (10.x)  63.8 ns         61.9 ns     11524151
+  fmt::print (11.0)  51.3 ns         51.0 ns     13846580
+  ```
+
+- Improved safety of `fmt::format_to` when writing to an array
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3805).
+  For example ([godbolt](https://www.godbolt.org/z/cYrn8dWY8)):
+
+  ```c++
+  auto volkswagen = char[4];
+  auto result = fmt::format_to(volkswagen, "elephant");
+  ```
+
+  no longer results in a buffer overflow. Instead the output will be truncated
+  and you can get the end iterator and whether truncation occurred from the
+  `result` object. Thanks @ThePhD.
+
+- Enabled Unicode support by default in MSVC, bringing it on par with other
+  compilers and making it unnecessary for users to enable it explicitly.
+  Most of {fmt} is encoding-agnostic but this prevents mojibake in places
+  where encoding matters such as path formatting and terminal output.
+  You can control the Unicode support via the CMake `FMT_UNICODE` option.
+  Note that some {fmt} packages such as the one in vcpkg have already been
+  compiled with Unicode enabled.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::expected`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3834). Thanks @dominicpoeschko.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::complex`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1467,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3886,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3892,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3900). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::type_info`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3978). Thanks @matt77hias.
+
+- Specialized `formatter` for `std::basic_string` types with custom traits
+  and allocators (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3938,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3943). Thanks @dieram3.
+
+- Added formatters for `std::chrono::day`, `std::chrono::month`,
+  `std::chrono::year` and `std::chrono::year_month_day`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3758,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3772,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3906,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3913). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+  #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::green), "{}\n", std::chrono::day(7));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints a green day:
+
+  <img width="306" alt="image" src="https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/assets/576385/6e395f8b-451a-4cf7-bccc-ee92ca0dec65">
+
+  Thanks @zivshek.
+
+- Fixed handling of precision in `%S` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3794,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3814). Thanks @js324.
+
+- Added support for the `-` specifier (glibc `strftime` extension) to day of
+  the month (`%d`) and week of the year (`%W`, `%U`, `%V`) specifiers
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3976). Thanks @ZaheenJ.
+
+- Fixed the scope of the `-` extension in chrono formatting so that it doesn't
+  apply to subsequent specifiers (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3811,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3812). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Improved handling of `time_point::min()`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3282).
+
+- Added support for character range formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3857,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3863). Thanks @js324.
+
+- Added `string` and `debug_string` range formatters
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3973,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4024). Thanks @matt77hias.
+
+- Enabled ADL for `begin` and `end` in `fmt::join`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3813,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3824). Thanks @bbolli.
+
+- Made contiguous iterator optimizations apply to `std::basic_string` iterators
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3798). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added support for ranges with mutable `begin` and `end`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3752,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3800,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3955). Thanks @tcbrindle and @Arghnews.
+
+- Added support for move-only iterators to `fmt::join`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3802,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3946). Thanks @Arghnews.
+
+- Moved range and iterator overloads of `fmt::join` to `fmt/ranges.h`, next
+  to other overloads.
+
+- Fixed handling of types with `begin` returning `void` such as Eigen matrices
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3839,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3964). Thanks @Arghnews.
+
+- Added an `fmt::formattable` concept (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3974).
+  Thanks @matt77hias.
+
+- Added support for `__float128` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3494).
+
+- Fixed rounding issues when formatting `long double` with fixed precision
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3539).
+
+- Made `fmt::isnan` not trigger floating-point exception for NaN values
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3948,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3951). Thanks @alexdewar.
+
+- Removed dependency on `<memory>` for `std::allocator_traits` when possible
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3804). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Enabled compile-time checks in formatting functions that take text colors and
+  styles.
+
+- Deprecated wide stream overloads of `fmt::print` that take text styles.
+
+- Made format string compilation work with clang 12 and later despite
+  only partial non-type template parameter support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4000,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4001). Thanks @yujincheng08.
+
+- Made `fmt::iterator_buffer`'s move constructor `noexcept`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3808). Thanks @waywardmonkeys.
+
+- Started enforcing that `formatter::format` is const for compatibility
+  with `std::format` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3447).
+
+- Added `fmt::basic_format_arg::visit` and deprecated `fmt::visit_format_arg`.
+
+- Made `fmt::basic_string_view` not constructible from `nullptr` for
+  consistency with `std::string_view` in C++23
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3846). Thanks @dalle.
+
+- Fixed `fmt::group_digits` for negative integers
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3891,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3901). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Fixed handling of negative ids in `fmt::basic_format_args::get`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3945). Thanks @marlenecota.
+
+- Improved named argument validation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3817).
+
+- Disabled copy construction/assignment for `fmt::format_arg_store` and
+  fixed moved construction (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3833).
+  Thanks @ivafanas.
+
+- Worked around a locale issue in RHEL/devtoolset
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3858,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3859). Thanks @g199209.
+
+- Added RTTI detection for MSVC (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3821,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3963). Thanks @edo9300.
+
+- Migrated the documentation from Sphinx to MkDocs.
+
+- Improved documentation and README
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3775,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3784,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3788,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3789,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3793,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3818,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3820,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3822,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3843,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3890,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3894,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3895,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3905,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3942,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4008).
+  Thanks @zencatalyst, WolleTD, @tupaschoal, @Dobiasd, @frank-weinberg, @bbolli,
+  @phprus, @waywardmonkeys, @js324 and @tchaikov.
+
+- Improved CI and tests
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3878,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3883,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3897,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3979,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3980,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3988,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4010,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4012,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4038).
+  Thanks @vgorrX, @waywardmonkeys, @tchaikov and @phprus.
+
+- Fixed buffer overflow when using format string compilation with debug format
+  and `std::back_insert_iterator` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3795,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3797). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Improved Bazel support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3792,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3801,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3962,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3965). Thanks @Vertexwahn.
+
+- Improved/fixed the CMake config
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3777,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3783,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3847,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3907). Thanks @phprus and @xTachyon.
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3685,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3769,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3796,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3803,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3806,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3807,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3809,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3810,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3830,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3832,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3835,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3844,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3854,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3856,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3865,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3866,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3880,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3881,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3884,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3898,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3899,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3909,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3917,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3923,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3924,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3925,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3930,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3931,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3933,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3935,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3937,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3967,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3968,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3972,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3983,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3992,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3995,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4009,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4023).
+  Thanks @hmbj, @phprus, @res2k, @Baardi, @matt77hias, @waywardmonkeys, @hmbj,
+  @yakra, @prlw1, @Arghnews, @mtillmann0, @ShifftC, @eepp, @jimmy-park and
+  @ChristianGebhardt.
+
+# 10.2.1 - 2024-01-04
+
+- Fixed ABI compatibility with earlier 10.x versions
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3785,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3786). Thanks @saraedum.
+
+# 10.2.0 - 2024-01-01
+
+- Added support for the `%j` specifier (the number of days) for
+  `std::chrono::duration` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3643,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3732). Thanks @intelfx.
+
+- Added support for the chrono suffix for days and changed
+  the suffix for minutes from "m" to the correct "min"
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3662,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3664).
+  For example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/9KhMnq9ba)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{}\n", std::chrono::days(42)); // prints "42d"
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @Richardk2n.
+
+- Fixed an overflow in `std::chrono::time_point` formatting with large dates
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3725,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3727). Thanks @cschreib.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::source_location`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3730).
+  For example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/YajfKjhhr)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <source_location>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{}\n", std::source_location::current());
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints
+
+  ```
+  /app/example.cpp:5:51: int main()
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @felix642.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::bitset`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3660).
+  For example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/bdEaGeYxe)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <bitset>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{}\n", std::bitset<6>(42)); // prints "101010"
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @muggenhor.
+
+- Added an experimental `nested_formatter` that provides an easy way of
+  applying a formatter to one or more subobjects while automatically handling
+  width, fill and alignment. For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+  struct point {
+    double x, y;
+  };
+
+  template <>
+  struct fmt::formatter<point> : nested_formatter<double> {
+    auto format(point p, format_context& ctx) const {
+      return write_padded(ctx, [=](auto out) {
+        return format_to(out, "({}, {})", nested(p.x), nested(p.y));
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("[{:>20.2f}]", point{1, 2});
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints
+
+  ```
+  [          (1.00, 2.00)]
+  ```
+
+- Added the generic representation (`g`) to `std::filesystem::path`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3715,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3729). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <filesystem>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{:g}\n", std::filesystem::path("C:\\foo"));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints `"C:/foo"` on Windows.
+
+  Thanks @js324.
+
+- Made `format_as` work with references
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3739). Thanks @tchaikov.
+
+- Fixed formatting of invalid UTF-8 with precision
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3284).
+
+- Fixed an inconsistency between `fmt::to_string` and `fmt::format`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3684).
+
+- Disallowed unsafe uses of `fmt::styled`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3625):
+
+  ```c++
+  auto s = fmt::styled(std::string("dangle"), fmt::emphasis::bold);
+  fmt::print("{}\n", s); // compile error
+  ```
+
+  Pass `fmt::styled(...)` as a parameter instead.
+
+- Added a null check when formatting a C string with the `s` specifier
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3706).
+
+- Disallowed the `c` specifier for `bool`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3726,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3734). Thanks @js324.
+
+- Made the default formatting unlocalized in `fmt::ostream_formatter` for
+  consistency with the rest of the library
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3460).
+
+- Fixed localized formatting in bases other than decimal
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3693,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3750). Thanks @js324.
+
+- Fixed a performance regression in experimental `fmt::ostream::print`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3674).
+
+- Added synchronization with the underlying output stream when writing to
+  the Windows console
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3668,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3688,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3689).
+  Thanks @Roman-Koshelev and @dimztimz.
+
+- Changed to only export `format_error` when {fmt} is built as a shared
+  library (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3626,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3627). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Made `fmt::streamed` `constexpr`.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3650). Thanks @muggenhor.
+
+- Made `fmt::format_int` `constexpr`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/4031,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4032). Thanks @dixlorenz.
+
+- Enabled `consteval` on older versions of MSVC
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3757). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added an option to build without `wchar_t` support on Windows
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3631,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3636). Thanks @glebm.
+
+- Improved build and CI configuration
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3679,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3701,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3702,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3749).
+  Thanks @jcar87, @pklima and @tchaikov.
+
+- Fixed various warnings, compilation and test issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3607,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3610,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3624,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3630,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3634,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3638,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3645,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3646,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3647,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3652,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3654,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3663,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3670,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3680,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3694,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3695,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3699,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3705,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3710,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3712,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3713,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3714,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3716,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3723,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3738,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3740,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3741,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3743,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3745,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3747,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3748,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3751,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3754,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3755,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3760,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3762,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3763,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3764,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3774,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3779).
+  Thanks @danakj, @vinayyadav3016, @cyyever, @phprus, @qimiko, @saschasc,
+  @gsjaardema, @lazka, @Zhaojun-Liu, @carlsmedstad, @hotwatermorning,
+  @cptFracassa, @kuguma, @PeterJohnson, @H1X4Dev, @asantoni, @eltociear,
+  @msimberg, @tchaikov, @waywardmonkeys.
+
+- Improved documentation and README
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2086,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3637,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3642,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3653,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3655,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3661,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3673,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3677,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3737,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3742,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3744).
+  Thanks @idzm, @perlun, @joycebrum, @fennewald, @reinhardt1053, @GeorgeLS.
+
+- Updated CI dependencies
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3615,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3622,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3623,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3666,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3696,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3697,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3759,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3782).
+
+# 10.1.1 - 2023-08-28
+
+- Added formatters for `std::atomic` and `atomic_flag`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3574,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3594).
+  Thanks @wangzw and @AlexGuteniev.
+- Fixed an error about partial specialization of `formatter<string>`
+  after instantiation when compiled with gcc and C++20
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3584).
+- Fixed compilation as a C++20 module with gcc and clang
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3587,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3597,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3605).
+  Thanks @MathewBensonCode.
+- Made `fmt::to_string` work with types that have `format_as`
+  overloads (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3575). Thanks @phprus.
+- Made `formatted_size` work with integral format specifiers at
+  compile time (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3591).
+  Thanks @elbeno.
+- Fixed a warning about the `no_unique_address` attribute on clang-cl
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3599). Thanks @lukester1975.
+- Improved compatibility with the legacy GBK encoding
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3598,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3599). Thanks @YuHuanTin.
+- Added OpenSSF Scorecard analysis
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3530,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3571). Thanks @joycebrum.
+- Updated CI dependencies
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3591,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3592,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3593,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3602).
+
+# 10.1.0 - 2023-08-12
+
+- Optimized format string compilation resulting in up to 40% speed up
+  in compiled `format_to` and \~4x speed up in compiled `format_to_n`
+  on a concatenation benchmark
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3133,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3484).
+
+  {fmt} 10.0:
+
+      ---------------------------------------------------------
+      Benchmark               Time             CPU   Iterations
+      ---------------------------------------------------------
+      BM_format_to         78.9 ns         78.9 ns      8881746
+      BM_format_to_n        568 ns          568 ns      1232089
+
+  {fmt} 10.1:
+
+      ---------------------------------------------------------
+      Benchmark               Time             CPU   Iterations
+      ---------------------------------------------------------
+      BM_format_to         54.9 ns         54.9 ns     12727944
+      BM_format_to_n        133 ns          133 ns      5257795
+
+- Optimized storage of an empty allocator in `basic_memory_buffer`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3485). Thanks @Minty-Meeo.
+
+- Added formatters for proxy references to elements of
+  `std::vector<bool>` and `std::bitset<N>`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3567,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3570). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/zYb79Pvn8)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <vector>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto v = std::vector<bool>{true};
+    fmt::print("{}", v[0]);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @phprus and @felix642.
+
+- Fixed an ambiguous formatter specialization for containers that look
+  like container adaptors such as `boost::flat_set`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3556,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3561). Thanks @5chmidti.
+
+- Fixed compilation when formatting durations not convertible from
+  `std::chrono::seconds`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3430). Thanks @patlkli.
+
+- Made the `formatter` specialization for `char*` const-correct
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3432). Thanks @timsong-cpp.
+
+- Made `{}` and `{:}` handled consistently during compile-time checks
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3526).
+
+- Disallowed passing temporaries to `make_format_args` to improve API
+  safety by preventing dangling references.
+
+- Improved the compile-time error for unformattable types
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3478). Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Improved the floating-point formatter
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3448,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3450).
+  Thanks @florimond-collette.
+
+- Fixed handling of precision for `long double` larger than 64 bits.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3539,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3564).
+
+- Made floating-point and chrono tests less platform-dependent
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3337,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3433,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3434). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Removed the remnants of the Grisu floating-point formatter that has
+  been replaced by Dragonbox in earlier versions.
+
+- Added `throw_format_error` to the public API
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3551). Thanks @mjerabek.
+
+- Made `FMT_THROW` assert even if assertions are disabled when
+  compiling with exceptions disabled
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3418,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3439). Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Made `format_as` and `std::filesystem::path` formatter work with
+  exotic code unit types.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3457,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3476). Thanks @gix and @hmbj.
+
+- Added support for the `?` format specifier to
+  `std::filesystem::path` and made the default unescaped for
+  consistency with strings.
+
+- Deprecated the wide stream overload of `printf`.
+
+- Removed unused `basic_printf_parse_context`.
+
+- Improved RTTI detection used when formatting exceptions
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3468). Thanks @danakj.
+
+- Improved compatibility with VxWorks7
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3467). Thanks @wenshan1.
+
+- Improved documentation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3174,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3423,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3454,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3458,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3461,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3487,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3515).
+  Thanks @zencatalyst, @rlalik and @mikecrowe.
+
+- Improved build and CI configurations
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3449,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3451,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3452,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3453,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3459,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3481,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3486,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3489,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3496,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3517,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3523,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3563).
+  Thanks @joycebrum, @glebm, @phprus, @petrmanek, @setoye and @abouvier.
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3408,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3424,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3444,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3446,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3475,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3482,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3492,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3493,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3508,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3509,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3533,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3542,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3543,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3540,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3544,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3548,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3549,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3550,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3552).
+  Thanks @adesitter, @hmbj, @Minty-Meeo, @phprus, @TobiSchluter,
+  @kieranclancy, @alexeedm, @jurihock, @Ozomahtli and @razaqq.
+
+# 10.0.0 - 2023-05-09
+
+- Replaced Grisu with a new floating-point formatting algorithm for
+  given precision (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3262,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2750,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3269,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3276). The new algorithm
+  is based on Dragonbox already used for the shortest representation
+  and gives substantial performance improvement:
+
+  ![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/33922675/211956670-84891a09-6867-47d9-82fc-3230da7abe0f.png)
+
+  -   Red: new algorithm
+  -   Green: new algorithm with `FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX` defined
+      to 1
+  -   Blue: old algorithm
+
+  Thanks @jk-jeon.
+
+- Replaced `snprintf`-based hex float formatter with an internal
+  implementation (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3179,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3203). This removes the
+  last usage of `s(n)printf` in {fmt}. Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Fixed alignment of floating-point numbers with localization
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3263,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3272). Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Made handling of `#` consistent with `std::format`.
+
+- Improved C++20 module support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3134,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3254,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3386,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3387,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3388,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3392,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3397,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3399,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3400).
+  Thanks @laitingsheng, @Orvid and @DanielaE.
+  
+- Switched to the [modules CMake library](https://github.com/vitaut/modules)
+  which allows building {fmt} as a C++20 module with clang:
+
+      CXX=clang++ cmake -DFMT_MODULE=ON .
+      make
+
+- Made `format_as` work with any user-defined type and not just enums.
+  For example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/b7rqhq5Kh)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+  struct floaty_mc_floatface {
+    double value;
+  };
+
+  auto format_as(floaty_mc_floatface f) { return f.value; }
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{:8}\n", floaty_mc_floatface{0.42}); // prints "    0.42"
+  }
+  ```
+
+- Removed deprecated implicit conversions for enums and conversions to
+  primitive types for compatibility with `std::format` and to prevent
+  potential ODR violations. Use `format_as` instead.
+
+- Added support for fill, align and width to the time point formatter
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3237,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3260,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3275). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/rKP6MGz6c)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    // prints "    2023"
+    fmt::print("{:>8%Y}\n", std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Implemented formatting of subseconds
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2207,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3117,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3115,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3143,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3144,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3349). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/45738oGEo)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    // prints 01.234567
+    fmt::print("{:%S}\n", std::chrono::microseconds(1234567));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @patrickroocks @phprus and @BRevzin.
+
+- Added precision support to `%S`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3148). Thanks @SappyJoy
+
+- Added support for `std::utc_time`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3098,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3110). Thanks @patrickroocks.
+
+- Switched formatting of `std::chrono::system_clock` from local time
+  to UTC for compatibility with the standard
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3199,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3230). Thanks @ned14.
+
+- Added support for `%Ez` and `%Oz` to chrono formatters.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3220,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3222). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Improved validation of format specifiers for `std::chrono::duration`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3219,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3232). Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Fixed formatting of time points before the epoch
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3117,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3261). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/f7bcznb3W)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto t = std::chrono::system_clock::from_time_t(0) -
+             std::chrono::milliseconds(250);
+    fmt::print("{:%S}\n", t); // prints 59.750000000
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Experimental: implemented glibc extension for padding seconds,
+  minutes and hours
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2959,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3271). Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::exception`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2977,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3012,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3062,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3076,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3119). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/8xoWGs9e4)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+  #include <vector>
+
+  int main() {
+    try {
+      std::vector<bool>().at(0);
+    } catch(const std::exception& e) {
+      fmt::print("{}", e);
+    }
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints:
+
+      vector<bool>::_M_range_check: __n (which is 0) >= this->size() (which is 0)
+
+  on libstdc++. Thanks @zach2good and @phprus.
+
+- Moved `std::error_code` formatter from `fmt/os.h` to `fmt/std.h`.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3125). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added formatters for standard container adapters:
+  `std::priority_queue`, `std::queue` and `std::stack`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3215,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3279). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/74h1xY9qK)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+  #include <stack>
+  #include <vector>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto s = std::stack<bool, std::vector<bool>>();
+    for (auto b: {true, false, true}) s.push(b);
+    fmt::print("{}\n", s); // prints [true, false, true]
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Added a formatter for `std::optional` to `fmt/std.h`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1367,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3303).
+  Thanks @tom-huntington.
+
+- Fixed formatting of valueless by exception variants
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3347). Thanks @TheOmegaCarrot.
+
+- Made `fmt::ptr` accept `unique_ptr` with a custom deleter
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3177). Thanks @hmbj.
+
+- Fixed formatting of noncopyable ranges and nested ranges of chars
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3158
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3286,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3290). Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Fixed issues with formatting of paths and ranges of paths
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3319,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3321
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3322). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Improved handling of invalid Unicode in paths.
+
+- Enabled compile-time checks on Apple clang 14 and later
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3331). Thanks @cloyce.
+
+- Improved compile-time checks of named arguments
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3105,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3214). Thanks @rbrich.
+
+- Fixed formatting when both alignment and `0` are given
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3236,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3248). Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Improved Unicode support in the experimental file API on Windows
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3234,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3293). Thanks @Fros1er.
+
+- Unified UTF transcoding
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3416). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added support for UTF-8 digit separators via an experimental locale
+  facet (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1861). For
+  example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/f7bcznb3W)):
+
+  ```c++
+  auto loc = std::locale(
+    std::locale(), new fmt::format_facet<std::locale>("’"));
+  auto s = fmt::format(loc, "{:L}", 1000);
+  ```
+
+  where `’` is U+2019 used as a digit separator in the de_CH locale.
+
+- Added an overload of `formatted_size` that takes a locale
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3084,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3087). Thanks @gerboengels.
+
+- Removed the deprecated `FMT_DEPRECATED_OSTREAM`.
+
+- Fixed a UB when using a null `std::string_view` with
+  `fmt::to_string` or format string compilation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3241,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3244). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added `starts_with` to the fallback `string_view` implementation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3080). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added `fmt::basic_format_string::get()` for compatibility with
+  `basic_format_string`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3111). Thanks @huangqinjin.
+
+- Added `println` for compatibility with C++23
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3267). Thanks @ShawnZhong.
+
+- Renamed the `FMT_EXPORT` macro for shared library usage to
+  `FMT_LIB_EXPORT`.
+
+- Improved documentation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3108,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3169,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3243).
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3404,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/4002).
+  Thanks @Cleroth, @Vertexwahn and @yujincheng08.
+
+- Improved build configuration and tests
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3118,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3120,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3188,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3189,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3198,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3205,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3207,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3210,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3240,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3256,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3264,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3299,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3302,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3312,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3317,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3328,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3333,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3369,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3373,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3395,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3406,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3411).
+  Thanks @dimztimz, @phprus, @DavidKorczynski, @ChrisThrasher,
+  @FrancoisCarouge, @kennyweiss, @luzpaz, @codeinred, @Mixaill, @joycebrum,
+  @kevinhwang and @Vertexwahn.
+
+- Fixed a regression in handling empty format specifiers after a colon
+  (`{:}`) (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3086). Thanks @oxidase.
+
+- Worked around a broken implementation of
+  `std::is_constant_evaluated` in some versions of libstdc++ on clang
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3247,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3281). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Fixed formatting of volatile variables
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3068).
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3057,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3066,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3072,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3082,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3091,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3092,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3093,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3095,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3096,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3097,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3128,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3129,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3137,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3139,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3140,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3142,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3149,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3150,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3154,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3163,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3178,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3184,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3196,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3204,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3206,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3208,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3213,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3216,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3224,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3226,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3228,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3229,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3259,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3274,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3287,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3288,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3292,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3295,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3296,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3298,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3325,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3326,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3334,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3342,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3343,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3351,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3352,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3362,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3365,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3366,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3374,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3377,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3378,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3381,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3398,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3413,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3415).
+  Thanks @phprus, @gsjaardema, @NewbieOrange, @EngineLessCC, @asmaloney,
+  @HazardyKnusperkeks, @sergiud, @Youw, @thesmurph, @czudziakm,
+  @Roman-Koshelev, @chronoxor, @ShawnZhong, @russelltg, @glebm, @tmartin-gh,
+  @Zhaojun-Liu, @louiswins and @mogemimi.
+
+# 9.1.0 - 2022-08-27
+
+- `fmt::formatted_size` now works at compile time
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3026). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/1MW5rMdf8)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    constexpr size_t n = fmt::formatted_size("{}"_cf, 42);
+    fmt::print("{}\n", n); // prints 2
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @marksantaniello.
+
+- Fixed handling of invalid UTF-8
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3038,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3044,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3056).
+  Thanks @phprus and @skeeto.
+
+- Improved Unicode support in `ostream` overloads of `print`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2994,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3001,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3025). Thanks @dimztimz.
+
+- Fixed handling of the sign specifier in localized formatting on
+  systems with 32-bit `wchar_t`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3041).
+
+- Added support for wide streams to `fmt::streamed`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2994). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added the `n` specifier that disables the output of delimiters when
+  formatting ranges (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2981,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2983). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/roKqGdj8c)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+  #include <vector>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto v = std::vector{1, 2, 3};
+    fmt::print("{:n}\n", v); // prints 1, 2, 3
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Worked around problematic `std::string_view` constructors introduced
+  in C++23 (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3030,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3050). Thanks @strega-nil-ms.
+
+- Improve handling (exclusion) of recursive ranges
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2968,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2974). Thanks @Dani-Hub.
+
+- Improved error reporting in format string compilation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3055).
+
+- Improved the implementation of
+  [Dragonbox](https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox), the algorithm
+  used for the default floating-point formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2984). Thanks @jk-jeon.
+
+- Fixed issues with floating-point formatting on exotic platforms.
+
+- Improved the implementation of chrono formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3010). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Improved documentation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2966,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3009,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3020,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3037).
+  Thanks @mwinterb, @jcelerier and @remiburtin.
+
+- Improved build configuration
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2991,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2995,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3004,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3007,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3040).
+  Thanks @dimztimz and @hwhsu1231.
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2969,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2971,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2975,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2982,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2985,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2988,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2989,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3000,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3006,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3014,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3015,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3021,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3023,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3024,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3029,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3043,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3052,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3053,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3054).
+  Thanks @h-friederich, @dimztimz, @olupton, @bernhardmgruber and @phprus.
+
+# 9.0.0 - 2022-07-04
+
+- Switched to the internal floating point formatter for all decimal
+  presentation formats. In particular this results in consistent
+  rounding on all platforms and removing the `s[n]printf` fallback for
+  decimal FP formatting.
+
+- Compile-time floating point formatting no longer requires the
+  header-only mode. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/G37PTeG3b)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <array>
+  #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+  consteval auto compile_time_dtoa(double value) -> std::array<char, 10> {
+    auto result = std::array<char, 10>();
+    fmt::format_to(result.data(), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), value);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto answer = compile_time_dtoa(0.42);
+  ```
+
+  works with the default settings.
+
+- Improved the implementation of
+  [Dragonbox](https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox), the algorithm
+  used for the default floating-point formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2713,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2750). Thanks @jk-jeon.
+
+- Made `fmt::to_string` work with `__float128`. This uses the internal
+  FP formatter and works even on system without `__float128` support
+  in `[s]printf`.
+
+- Disabled automatic `std::ostream` insertion operator (`operator<<`)
+  discovery when `fmt/ostream.h` is included to prevent ODR
+  violations. You can get the old behavior by defining
+  `FMT_DEPRECATED_OSTREAM` but this will be removed in the next major
+  release. Use `fmt::streamed` or `fmt::ostream_formatter` to enable
+  formatting via `std::ostream` instead.
+
+- Added `fmt::ostream_formatter` that can be used to write `formatter`
+  specializations that perform formatting via `std::ostream`. For
+  example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/5sEc5qMsf)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/ostream.h>
+
+  struct date {
+    int year, month, day;
+
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const date& d) {
+      return os << d.year << '-' << d.month << '-' << d.day;
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <> struct fmt::formatter<date> : ostream_formatter {};
+
+  std::string s = fmt::format("The date is {}", date{2012, 12, 9});
+  // s == "The date is 2012-12-9"
+  ```
+
+- Added the `fmt::streamed` function that takes an object and formats
+  it via `std::ostream`. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/5G3346G1f)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <thread>
+  #include <fmt/ostream.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n",
+               fmt::streamed(std::this_thread::get_id()));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Note that `fmt/std.h` provides a `formatter` specialization for
+  `std::thread::id` so you don\'t need to format it via
+  `std::ostream`.
+
+- Deprecated implicit conversions of unscoped enums to integers for
+  consistency with scoped enums.
+
+- Added an argument-dependent lookup based `format_as` extension API
+  to simplify formatting of enums.
+
+- Added experimental `std::variant` formatting support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2941). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/KG9z6cq68)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <variant>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto v = std::variant<int, std::string>(42);
+    fmt::print("{}\n", v);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints:
+
+      variant(42)
+
+  Thanks @jehelset.
+
+- Added experimental `std::filesystem::path` formatting support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2865,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2902,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2917,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2918). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/o44dMexEb)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <filesystem>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("There is no place like {}.", std::filesystem::path("/home"));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints:
+
+      There is no place like "/home".
+
+  Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added a `std::thread::id` formatter to `fmt/std.h`. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/j1azbYf3E)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <thread>
+  #include <fmt/std.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n", std::this_thread::get_id());
+  }
+  ```
+
+- Added `fmt::styled` that applies a text style to an individual
+  argument (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2793). For
+  example ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/vWGW7v5M6)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+  #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    fmt::print(
+      "[{}] {}: {}\n",
+      fmt::styled(now, fmt::emphasis::bold),
+      fmt::styled("error", fg(fmt::color::red)),
+      "something went wrong");
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints
+
+  ![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/175071215-12809244-dab0-4005-96d8-7cd911c964d5.png)
+
+  Thanks @rbrugo.
+
+- Made `fmt::print` overload for text styles correctly handle UTF-8
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2681,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2701). Thanks @AlexGuteniev.
+
+- Fixed Unicode handling when writing to an ostream.
+
+- Added support for nested specifiers to range formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2673). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/xd3Gj38cf)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <vector>
+  #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{::#x}\n", std::vector{10, 20, 30});
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints `[0xa, 0x14, 0x1e]`.
+
+  Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Implemented escaping of wide strings in ranges
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2904). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added support for ranges with `begin` / `end` found via the
+  argument-dependent lookup
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2807). Thanks @rbrugo.
+
+- Fixed formatting of certain kinds of ranges of ranges
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2787). Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Fixed handling of maps with element types other than `std::pair`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2944). Thanks @BrukerJWD.
+
+- Made tuple formatter enabled only if elements are formattable
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2939,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2940). Thanks @jehelset.
+
+- Made `fmt::join` compatible with format string compilation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2719,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2720). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Made compile-time checks work with named arguments of custom types
+  and `std::ostream` `print` overloads
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2816,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2817,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2819). Thanks @timsong-cpp.
+
+- Removed `make_args_checked` because it is no longer needed for
+  compile-time checks
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2760). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Removed the following deprecated APIs: `_format`, `arg_join`, the
+  `format_to` overload that takes a memory buffer, `[v]fprintf` that
+  takes an `ostream`.
+
+- Removed the deprecated implicit conversion of `[const] signed char*`
+  and `[const] unsigned char*` to C strings.
+
+- Removed the deprecated `fmt/locale.h`.
+
+- Replaced the deprecated `fileno()` with `descriptor()` in
+  `buffered_file`.
+
+- Moved `to_string_view` to the `detail` namespace since it\'s an
+  implementation detail.
+
+- Made access mode of a created file consistent with `fopen` by
+  setting `S_IWGRP` and `S_IWOTH`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2733). Thanks @arogge.
+
+- Removed a redundant buffer resize when formatting to `std::ostream`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2842,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2843). Thanks @jcelerier.
+
+- Made precision computation for strings consistent with width
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2888).
+
+- Fixed handling of locale separators in floating point formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2830).
+
+- Made sign specifiers work with `__int128_t`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2773).
+
+- Improved support for systems such as CHERI with extra data stored in
+  pointers (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2932).
+  Thanks @davidchisnall.
+
+- Improved documentation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2706,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2712,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2789,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2803,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2805,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2815,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2924).
+  Thanks @BRevzin, @Pokechu22, @setoye, @rtobar, @rbrugo, @anoonD and
+  @leha-bot.
+
+- Improved build configuration
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2766,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2772,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2836,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2852,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2907,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2913,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2914).
+  Thanks @kambala-decapitator, @mattiasljungstrom, @kieselnb, @nathannaveen
+  and @Vertexwahn.
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2408,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2507,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2697,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2715,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2717,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2722,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2724,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2725,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2726,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2728,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2732,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2738,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2742,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2744,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2745,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2746,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2754,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2755,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2757,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2758,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2761,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2762,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2763,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2765,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2769,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2770,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2771,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2777,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2779,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2782,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2783,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2794,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2796,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2797,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2801,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2802,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2808,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2818,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2819,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2829,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2835,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2848,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2860,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2861,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2882,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2886,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2891,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2892,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2895,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2896,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2903,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2906,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2908,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2909,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2920,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2922,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2927,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2929,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2936,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2937,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2938,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2951,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2954,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2957,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2958,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2960).
+  Thanks @matrackif @Tobi823, @ivan-volnov, @VasiliPupkin256,
+  @federico-busato, @barcharcraz, @jk-jeon, @HazardyKnusperkeks, @dalboris,
+  @seanm, @gsjaardema, @timsong-cpp, @seanm, @frithrah, @chronoxor, @Agga,
+  @madmaxoft, @JurajX, @phprus and @Dani-Hub.
+
+# 8.1.1 - 2022-01-06
+
+- Restored ABI compatibility with version 8.0.x
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2695,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2696). Thanks @saraedum.
+- Fixed chrono formatting on big endian systems
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2698,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2699).
+  Thanks @phprus and @xvitaly.
+- Fixed a linkage error with mingw
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2691,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2692). Thanks @rbberger.
+
+# 8.1.0 - 2022-01-02
+
+- Optimized chrono formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2500,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2537,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2541,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2544,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2550,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2551,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2576,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2577,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2586,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2591,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2594,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2602,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2617,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2628,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2633,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2670,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2671).
+
+  Processing of some specifiers such as `%z` and `%Y` is now up to
+  10-20 times faster, for example on GCC 11 with libstdc++:
+
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Benchmark                                  Before             After
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      FMTFormatter_z                             261 ns             26.3 ns
+      FMTFormatterCompile_z                      246 ns             11.6 ns
+      FMTFormatter_Y                             263 ns             26.1 ns
+      FMTFormatterCompile_Y                      244 ns             10.5 ns
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  Thanks @phprus and @toughengineer.
+
+- Implemented subsecond formatting for chrono durations
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2623). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/es7vWTETe)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{:%S}", std::chrono::milliseconds(1234));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"01.234\".
+
+  Thanks @matrackif.
+
+- Fixed handling of precision 0 when formatting chrono durations
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2587,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2588). Thanks @lukester1975.
+
+- Fixed an overflow on invalid inputs in the `tm` formatter
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2564). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added `fmt::group_digits` that formats integers with a non-localized
+  digit separator (comma) for groups of three digits. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/TxGxG9Poq)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{} dollars", fmt::group_digits(1000000));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"1,000,000 dollars\".
+
+- Added support for faint, conceal, reverse and blink text styles
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2394):
+
+  <https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/147710227-c68f5317-f8fa-42c3-9123-7c4ba3c398cb.mp4>
+
+  Thanks @benit8 and @data-man.
+
+- Added experimental support for compile-time floating point
+  formatting (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2426,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2470). It is currently
+  limited to the header-only mode. Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Added UDL-based named argument support to compile-time format string
+  checks (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2640,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2649). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/ohGbbvonv)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    fmt::print("{answer:s}", "answer"_a=42);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  gives a compile-time error on compilers with C++20 `consteval` and
+  non-type template parameter support (gcc 10+) because `s` is not a
+  valid format specifier for an integer.
+
+  Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Implemented escaping of string range elements. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/rKvM1vKf3)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+  #include <vector>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{}", std::vector<std::string>{"\naan"});
+  }
+  ```
+
+  is now printed as:
+
+      ["\naan"]
+
+  instead of:
+
+      ["
+      aan"]
+
+- Added an experimental `?` specifier for escaping strings.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2674). Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Switched to JSON-like representation of maps and sets for
+  consistency with Python\'s `str.format`. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/seKjoY9W5)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+  #include <map>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{}", std::map<std::string, int>{{"answer", 42}});
+  }
+  ```
+
+  is now printed as:
+
+      {"answer": 42}
+
+- Extended `fmt::join` to support C++20-only ranges
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2549). Thanks @BRevzin.
+
+- Optimized handling of non-const-iterable ranges and implemented
+  initial support for non-const-formattable types.
+
+- Disabled implicit conversions of scoped enums to integers that was
+  accidentally introduced in earlier versions
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1841).
+
+- Deprecated implicit conversion of `[const] signed char*` and
+  `[const] unsigned char*` to C strings.
+
+- Deprecated `_format`, a legacy UDL-based format API
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2646). Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Marked `format`, `formatted_size` and `to_string` as `[[nodiscard]]`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2612). @0x8000-0000.
+
+- Added missing diagnostic when trying to format function and member
+  pointers as well as objects convertible to pointers which is
+  explicitly disallowed
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2598,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2609,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2610). Thanks @AlexGuteniev.
+
+- Optimized writing to a contiguous buffer with `format_to_n`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2489). Thanks @Roman-Koshelev.
+
+- Optimized writing to non-`char` buffers
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2477). Thanks @Roman-Koshelev.
+
+- Decimal point is now localized when using the `L` specifier.
+
+- Improved floating point formatter implementation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2498,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2499). Thanks @Roman-Koshelev.
+
+- Fixed handling of very large precision in fixed format
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2616).
+
+- Made a table of cached powers used in FP formatting static
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2509). Thanks @jk-jeon.
+
+- Resolved a lookup ambiguity with C++20 format-related functions due
+  to ADL (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2639,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2641). Thanks @mkurdej.
+
+- Removed unnecessary inline namespace qualification
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2642,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2643). Thanks @mkurdej.
+
+- Implemented argument forwarding in `format_to_n`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2462,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2463). Thanks @owent.
+
+- Fixed handling of implicit conversions in `fmt::to_string` and
+  format string compilation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2565).
+
+- Changed the default access mode of files created by
+  `fmt::output_file` to `-rw-r--r--` for consistency with `fopen`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2530).
+
+- Make `fmt::ostream::flush` public
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2435).
+
+- Improved C++14/17 attribute detection
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2615). Thanks @AlexGuteniev.
+
+- Improved `consteval` detection for MSVC
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2559). Thanks @DanielaE.
+
+- Improved documentation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2406,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2446,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2493,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2513,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2515,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2522,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2562,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2575,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2606,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2620,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2676).
+  Thanks @sobolevn, @UnePierre, @zhsj, @phprus, @ericcurtin and @Lounarok.
+
+- Improved fuzzers and added a fuzzer for chrono timepoint formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2461,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2469). @pauldreik,
+
+- Added the `FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS` CMake option setting which marks
+  {fmt}\'s headers as system. It can be used to suppress warnings
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2644,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2651). Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Added the Bazel build system support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2505,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2516). Thanks @Vertexwahn.
+
+- Improved build configuration and tests
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2437,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2558,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2648,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2650,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2663,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2677).
+  Thanks @DanielaE, @alexezeder and @phprus.
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2353,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2356,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2399,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2408,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2414,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2427,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2432,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2442,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2434,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2439,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2447,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2450,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2455,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2465,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2472,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2474,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2476,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2478,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2479,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2481,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2482,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2483,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2490,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2491,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2510,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2518,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2528,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2529,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2539,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2540,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2545,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2555,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2557,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2570,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2573,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2582,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2605,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2611,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2647,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2627,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2630,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2635,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2638,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2653,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2654,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2661,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2664,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2684).
+  Thanks @DanielaE, @mwinterb, @cdacamar, @TrebledJ, @bodomartin, @cquammen,
+  @white238, @mmarkeloff, @palacaze, @jcelerier, @mborn-adi, @BrukerJWD,
+  @spyridon97, @phprus, @oliverlee, @joshessman-llnl, @akohlmey, @timkalu,
+  @olupton, @Acretock, @alexezeder, @andrewcorrigan, @lucpelletier and
+  @HazardyKnusperkeks.
+
+# 8.0.1 - 2021-07-02
+
+- Fixed the version number in the inline namespace
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2374).
+- Added a missing presentation type check for `std::string`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2402).
+- Fixed a linkage error when mixing code built with clang and gcc
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2377).
+- Fixed documentation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2396,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2403,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2406). Thanks @mkurdej.
+- Removed dead code in FP formatter (
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2398). Thanks @javierhonduco.
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2351,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2359,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2365,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2368,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2370,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2376,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2381,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2382,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2386,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2389,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2395,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2397,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2400,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2401,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2407).
+  Thanks @zx2c4, @AidanSun05, @mattiasljungstrom, @joemmett, @erengy,
+  @patlkli, @gsjaardema and @phprus.
+
+# 8.0.0 - 2021-06-21
+
+- Enabled compile-time format string checks by default. For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/sMxcohGjz)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{:d}", "I am not a number");
+  }
+  ```
+
+  gives a compile-time error on compilers with C++20 `consteval`
+  support (gcc 10+, clang 11+) because `d` is not a valid format
+  specifier for a string.
+
+  To pass a runtime string wrap it in `fmt::runtime`:
+
+  ```c++
+  fmt::print(fmt::runtime("{:d}"), "I am not a number");
+  ```
+
+- Added compile-time formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2019,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2044,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2056,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2072,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2075,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2078,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2129,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2326). For example
+  ([godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/Mxx9d89jM)):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+  consteval auto compile_time_itoa(int value) -> std::array<char, 10> {
+    auto result = std::array<char, 10>();
+    fmt::format_to(result.data(), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), value);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto answer = compile_time_itoa(42);
+  ```
+
+  Most of the formatting functionality is available at compile time
+  with a notable exception of floating-point numbers and pointers.
+  Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Optimized handling of format specifiers during format string
+  compilation. For example, hexadecimal formatting (`"{:x}"`) is now
+  3-7x faster than before when using `format_to` with format string
+  compilation and a stack-allocated buffer
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1944).
+
+  Before (7.1.3):
+
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      FMTCompileOld/0                         15.5 ns         15.5 ns     43302898
+      FMTCompileOld/42                        16.6 ns         16.6 ns     43278267
+      FMTCompileOld/273123                    18.7 ns         18.6 ns     37035861
+      FMTCompileOld/9223372036854775807       19.4 ns         19.4 ns     35243000
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  After (8.x):
+
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      FMTCompileNew/0                         1.99 ns         1.99 ns    360523686
+      FMTCompileNew/42                        2.33 ns         2.33 ns    279865664
+      FMTCompileNew/273123                    3.72 ns         3.71 ns    190230315
+      FMTCompileNew/9223372036854775807       5.28 ns         5.26 ns    130711631
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  It is even faster than `std::to_chars` from libc++ compiled with
+  clang on macOS:
+
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      ToChars/0                               4.42 ns         4.41 ns    160196630
+      ToChars/42                              5.00 ns         4.98 ns    140735201
+      ToChars/273123                          7.26 ns         7.24 ns     95784130
+      ToChars/9223372036854775807             8.77 ns         8.75 ns     75872534
+      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  In other cases, especially involving `std::string` construction, the
+  speed up is usually lower because handling format specifiers takes a
+  smaller fraction of the total time.
+
+- Added the `_cf` user-defined literal to represent a compiled format
+  string. It can be used instead of the `FMT_COMPILE` macro
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2043,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2242):
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+  using namespace fmt::literals;
+  auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42); // 🙁 not modern
+  auto s = fmt::format("{}"_cf, 42);           // 🙂 modern as hell
+  ```
+
+  It requires compiler support for class types in non-type template
+  parameters (a C++20 feature) which is available in GCC 9.3+.
+  Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Format string compilation now requires `format` functions of
+  `formatter` specializations for user-defined types to be `const`:
+
+  ```c++
+  template <> struct fmt::formatter<my_type>: formatter<string_view> {
+    template <typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(my_type obj, FormatContext& ctx) const {  // Note const here.
+      // ...
+    }
+  };
+  ```
+
+- Added UDL-based named argument support to format string compilation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2243,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2281). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+  using namespace fmt::literals;
+  auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{answer}"), "answer"_a = 42);
+  ```
+
+  Here the argument named \"answer\" is resolved at compile time with
+  no runtime overhead. Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Added format string compilation support to `fmt::print`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2280,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2304). Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Added initial support for compiling {fmt} as a C++20 module
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2235,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2240,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2260,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2282,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2283,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2288,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2298,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2306,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2307,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2309,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2318,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2324,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2332,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2340). Thanks @DanielaE.
+
+- Made symbols private by default reducing shared library size
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2301). For example
+  there was a \~15% reported reduction on one platform. Thanks @sergiud.
+
+- Optimized includes making the result of preprocessing `fmt/format.h`
+  \~20% smaller with libstdc++/C++20 and slightly improving build
+  times (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1998).
+
+- Added support of ranges with non-const `begin` / `end`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1953). Thanks @kitegi.
+
+- Added support of `std::byte` and other formattable types to
+  `fmt::join` (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1981,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2040,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2050,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2262). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/format.h>
+  #include <cstddef>
+  #include <vector>
+
+  int main() {
+    auto bytes = std::vector{std::byte(4), std::byte(2)};
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(bytes, ""));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"42\".
+
+  Thanks @kamibo.
+
+- Implemented the default format for `std::chrono::system_clock`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2319,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2345). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{}", std::chrono::system_clock::now());
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"2021-06-18 15:22:00\" (the output depends on the current
+  date and time). Thanks @sunmy2019.
+
+- Made more chrono specifiers locale independent by default. Use the
+  `'L'` specifier to get localized formatting. For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
+    auto monday = std::chrono::weekday(1);
+    fmt::print("{}\n", monday);   // prints "Mon"
+    fmt::print("{:L}\n", monday); // prints "пн"
+  }
+  ```
+
+- Improved locale handling in chrono formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2337,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2349,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2350). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Deprecated `fmt/locale.h` moving the formatting functions that take
+  a locale to `fmt/format.h` (`char`) and `fmt/xchar` (other
+  overloads). This doesn\'t introduce a dependency on `<locale>` so
+  there is virtually no compile time effect.
+
+- Deprecated an undocumented `format_to` overload that takes
+  `basic_memory_buffer`.
+
+- Made parameter order in `vformat_to` consistent with `format_to`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2327).
+
+- Added support for time points with arbitrary durations
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2208). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    using tp = std::chrono::time_point<
+      std::chrono::system_clock, std::chrono::seconds>;
+    fmt::print("{:%S}", tp(std::chrono::seconds(42)));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"42\".
+
+- Formatting floating-point numbers no longer produces trailing zeros
+  by default for consistency with `std::format`. For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{0:.3}", 1.1);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"1.1\". Use the `'#'` specifier to keep trailing zeros.
+
+- Dropped a limit on the number of elements in a range and replaced
+  `{}` with `[]` as range delimiters for consistency with Python\'s
+  `str.format`.
+
+- The `'L'` specifier for locale-specific numeric formatting can now
+  be combined with presentation specifiers as in `std::format`. For
+  example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/core.h>
+  #include <locale>
+
+  int main() {
+    std::locale::global(std::locale("fr_FR.UTF-8"));
+    fmt::print("{0:.2Lf}", 0.42);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"0,42\". The deprecated `'n'` specifier has been removed.
+
+- Made the `0` specifier ignored for infinity and NaN
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2305,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2310). Thanks @Liedtke.
+
+- Made the hexfloat formatting use the right alignment by default
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2308,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2317). Thanks @Liedtke.
+
+- Removed the deprecated numeric alignment (`'='`). Use the `'0'`
+  specifier instead.
+
+- Removed the deprecated `fmt/posix.h` header that has been replaced
+  with `fmt/os.h`.
+
+- Removed the deprecated `format_to_n_context`, `format_to_n_args` and
+  `make_format_to_n_args`. They have been replaced with
+  `format_context`, `` format_args` and ``make_format_args\`\`
+  respectively.
+
+- Moved `wchar_t`-specific functions and types to `fmt/xchar.h`. You
+  can define `FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_XCHAR` to automatically include
+  `fmt/xchar.h` from `fmt/format.h` but this will be disabled in the
+  next major release.
+
+- Fixed handling of the `'+'` specifier in localized formatting
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2133).
+
+- Added support for the `'s'` format specifier that gives textual
+  representation of `bool`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2094,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2109). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{:s}", true);
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints \"true\". Thanks @powercoderlol.
+
+- Made `fmt::ptr` work with function pointers
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2131). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("My main: {}\n", fmt::ptr(main));
+  }
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @mikecrowe.
+
+- The undocumented support for specializing `formatter` for pointer
+  types has been removed.
+
+- Fixed `fmt::formatted_size` with format string compilation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2141,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2161). Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Fixed handling of empty format strings during format string
+  compilation (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2042):
+
+  ```c++
+  auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE(""));
+  ```
+
+  Thanks @alexezeder.
+
+- Fixed handling of enums in `fmt::to_string`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2036).
+
+- Improved width computation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2033,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2091). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::print("{:-<10}{}\n", "你好", "世界");
+    fmt::print("{:-<10}{}\n", "hello", "world");
+  }
+  ```
+
+  prints
+
+  ![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/119840373-cea3ca80-beb9-11eb-91e0-54266c48e181.png)
+
+  on a modern terminal.
+
+- The experimental fast output stream (`fmt::ostream`) is now
+  truncated by default for consistency with `fopen`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2018). For example:
+
+  ```c++
+  #include <fmt/os.h>
+
+  int main() {
+    fmt::ostream out1 = fmt::output_file("guide");
+    out1.print("Zaphod");
+    out1.close();
+    fmt::ostream out2 = fmt::output_file("guide");
+    out2.print("Ford");
+  }
+  ```
+
+  writes \"Ford\" to the file \"guide\". To preserve the old file
+  content if any pass `fmt::file::WRONLY | fmt::file::CREATE` flags to
+  `fmt::output_file`.
+
+- Fixed moving of `fmt::ostream` that holds buffered data
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2197,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2198). Thanks @vtta.
+
+- Replaced the `fmt::system_error` exception with a function of the
+  same name that constructs `std::system_error`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2266).
+
+- Replaced the `fmt::windows_error` exception with a function of the
+  same name that constructs `std::system_error` with the category
+  returned by `fmt::system_category()`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2274,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2275). The latter is
+  similar to `std::system_category` but correctly handles UTF-8.
+  Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Replaced `fmt::error_code` with `std::error_code` and made it
+  formattable (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2269,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2270,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2273). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added speech synthesis support
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2206).
+
+- Made `format_to` work with a memory buffer that has a custom
+  allocator (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2300).
+  Thanks @voxmea.
+
+- Added `Allocator::max_size` support to `basic_memory_buffer`.
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1960). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Added wide string support to `fmt::join`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2236). Thanks @crbrz.
+
+- Made iterators passed to `formatter` specializations via a format
+  context satisfy C++20 `std::output_iterator` requirements
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2156,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2158,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2195,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2204). Thanks @randomnetcat.
+
+- Optimized the `printf` implementation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1982,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1984,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2016,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2164).
+  Thanks @rimathia and @moiwi.
+
+- Improved detection of `constexpr` `char_traits`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2246,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2257). Thanks @phprus.
+
+- Fixed writing to `stdout` when it is redirected to `NUL` on Windows
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2080).
+
+- Fixed exception propagation from iterators
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2097).
+
+- Improved `strftime` error handling
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2238,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2244). Thanks @yumeyao.
+
+- Stopped using deprecated GCC UDL template extension.
+
+- Added `fmt/args.h` to the install target
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2096).
+
+- Error messages are now passed to assert when exceptions are disabled
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2145). Thanks @NobodyXu.
+
+- Added the `FMT_MASTER_PROJECT` CMake option to control build and
+  install targets when {fmt} is included via `add_subdirectory`
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2098,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2100).
+  Thanks @randomizedthinking.
+
+- Improved build configuration
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2026,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2122).
+  Thanks @luncliff and @ibaned.
+
+- Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1947,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1959,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1963,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1965,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1966,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1974,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1975,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1990,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2000,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2001,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2002,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2004,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2006,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2009,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2010,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2038,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2039,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2047,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2053,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2059,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2065,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2067,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2068,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2073,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2103,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2105,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2106,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2107,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2116,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2117,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2118,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2119,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2127,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2128,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2140,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2142,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2143,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2144,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2147,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2148,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2149,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2152,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2160,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2170,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2175,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2176,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2177,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2178,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2179,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2180,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2181,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2183,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2184,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2185,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2186,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2187,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2190,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2192,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2194,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2205,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2210,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2211,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2215,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2216,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2218,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2220,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2228,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2229,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2230,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2233,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2239,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2248,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2252,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2253,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2255,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2261,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2278,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2284,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2287,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2289,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2290,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2293,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2295,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2296,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2297,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2311,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2313,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2315,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2320,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2321,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2323,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2328,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2329,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2333,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2338,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2341).
+  Thanks @darklukee, @fagg, @killerbot242, @jgopel, @yeswalrus, @Finkman,
+  @HazardyKnusperkeks, @dkavolis, @concatime, @chronoxor, @summivox, @yNeo,
+  @Apache-HB, @alexezeder, @toojays, @Brainy0207, @vadz, @imsherlock, @phprus,
+  @white238, @yafshar, @BillyDonahue, @jstaahl, @denchat, @DanielaE,
+  @ilyakurdyukov, @ilmai, @JessyDL, @sergiud, @mwinterb, @sven-herrmann,
+  @jmelas, @twoixter, @crbrz and @upsj.
+
+- Improved documentation
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1986,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2051,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2057,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2081,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2084,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2312).
+  Thanks @imba-tjd, @0x416c69 and @mordante.
+
+- Continuous integration and test improvements
+  (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1969,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1991,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2020,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2110,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2114,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2196,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2217,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2247,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2256,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2336,
+  https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2346).
+  Thanks @jgopel, @alexezeder and @DanielaE.
+
+The change log for versions 0.8.0 - 7.1.3 is available [here](
+doc/ChangeLog-old.md).
diff --git a/dep/fmt/ChangeLog.rst b/dep/fmt/ChangeLog.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 62fc8a8b0..000000000
--- a/dep/fmt/ChangeLog.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5922 +0,0 @@
-10.1.1 - 2023-08-28
--------------------
-
-* Added formatters for ``std::atomic`` and ``atomic_flag``
-  (`#3574 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3574>`_,
-  `#3594 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3594>`_).
-  Thanks `@wangzw (Zhanwei Wang) <https://github.com/wangzw>`_ and
-  `@AlexGuteniev (Alex Guteniev) <https://github.com/AlexGuteniev>`_.
-
-* Fixed an error about partial specialization of ``formatter<string>``
-  after instantiation when compiled with gcc and C++20
-  (`#3584 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3584>`_).
-
-* Fixed compilation as a C++20 module with gcc and clang
-  (`#3587 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3587>`_,
-  `#3597 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3597>`_,
-  `#3605 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3605>`_). Thanks
-  `@MathewBensonCode (Mathew Benson) <https://github.com/MathewBensonCode>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::to_string`` work with types that have ``format_as`` overloads
-  (`#3575 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3575>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Made ``formatted_size`` work with integral format specifiers at compile time
-  (`#3591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3591>`_).
-  Thanks `@elbeno (Ben Deane) <https://github.com/elbeno>`_.
-
-* Fixed a warning about the ``no_unique_address`` attribute on clang-cl
-  (`#3599 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3599>`_).
-  Thanks `@lukester1975 <https://github.com/lukester1975>`_.
-
-* Improved compatibility with the legacy GBK encoding
-  (`#3598 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3598>`_,
-  `#3599 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3599>`_).
-  Thanks `@YuHuanTin <https://github.com/YuHuanTin>`_.
-
-* Added OpenSSF Scorecard analysis
-  (`#3530 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3530>`_,
-  `#3571 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3571>`_).
-  Thanks `@joycebrum (Joyce) <https://github.com/joycebrum>`_.
-
-* Updated CI dependencies
-  (`#3591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3591>`_,
-  `#3592 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3592>`_,
-  `#3593 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3593>`_,
-  `#3602 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3602>`_).
-
-10.1.0 - 2023-08-12
--------------------
-
-* Optimized format string compilation resulting in up to 40% speed up in
-  compiled ``format_to`` and ~4x speed up in compiled ``format_to_n`` on a
-  concatenation benchmark (`#3133 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3133>`_,
-  `#3484 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3484>`_).
-
-  {fmt} 10.0::
-
-    ---------------------------------------------------------
-    Benchmark               Time             CPU   Iterations
-    ---------------------------------------------------------
-    BM_format_to         78.9 ns         78.9 ns      8881746
-    BM_format_to_n        568 ns          568 ns      1232089
-
-  {fmt} 10.1::
-
-    ---------------------------------------------------------
-    Benchmark               Time             CPU   Iterations
-    ---------------------------------------------------------
-    BM_format_to         54.9 ns         54.9 ns     12727944
-    BM_format_to_n        133 ns          133 ns      5257795
-
-* Optimized storage of an empty allocator in ``basic_memory_buffer``
-  (`#3485 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3485>`_).
-  Thanks `@Minty-Meeo <https://github.com/Minty-Meeo>`_.
-
-* Added formatters for proxy references to elements of ``std::vector<bool>`` and
-  ``std::bitset<N>`` (`#3567 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3567>`_,
-  `#3570 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3570>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/zYb79Pvn8>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <vector>
-     #include <fmt/std.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto v = std::vector<bool>{true};
-       fmt::print("{}", v[0]);
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_ and
-  `@felix642 (Félix-Antoine Constantin) <https://github.com/felix642>`_.
-
-* Fixed an ambiguous formatter specialization for containers that look like
-  container adaptors such as ``boost::flat_set``
-  (`#3556 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3556>`_,
-  `#3561 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3561>`_).
-  Thanks `@5chmidti <https://github.com/5chmidti>`_.
-
-* Fixed compilation when formatting durations not convertible from
-  ``std::chrono::seconds`` (`#3430 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3430>`_).
-  Thanks `@patlkli (Patrick Geltinger) <https://github.com/patlkli>`_.
-
-* Made the ``formatter`` specialization for ``char*`` const-correct
-  (`#3432 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3432>`_).
-  Thanks `@timsong-cpp <https://github.com/timsong-cpp>`_.
-
-* Made ``{}`` and ``{:}`` handled consistently during compile-time checks
-  (`#3526 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3526>`_).
-
-* Disallowed passing temporaries to ``make_format_args`` to improve API safety
-  by preventing dangling references.
-
-* Improved the compile-time error for unformattable types
-  (`#3478 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3478>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Improved the floating-point formatter
-  (`#3448 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3448>`_,
-  `#3450 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3450>`_).
-  Thanks `@florimond-collette (Florimond Collette)
-  <https://github.com/florimond-collette>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of precision for ``long double`` larger than 64 bits.
-  (`#3539 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3539>`_,
-  `#3564 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3564>`_).
-
-* Made floating-point and chrono tests less platform-dependent
-  (`#3337 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3337>`_,
-  `#3433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3433>`_,
-  `#3434 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3434>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Removed the remnants of the Grisu floating-point formatter that has been
-  replaced by Dragonbox in earlier versions.
-
-* Added ``throw_format_error`` to the public API
-  (`#3551 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3551>`_).
-  Thanks `@mjerabek (Martin Jeřábek) <https://github.com/mjerabek>`_.
-
-* Made ``FMT_THROW`` assert even if assertions are disabled when compiling with
-  exceptions disabled (`#3418 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3418>`_,
-  `#3439 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3439>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Made ``format_as`` and ``std::filesystem::path`` formatter work with exotic
-  code unit types.
-  (`#3457 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3457>`_,
-  `#3476 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3476>`_).
-  Thanks `@gix (Nico Rieck) <https://github.com/gix>`_,
-  `@hmbj (Hans-Martin B. Jensen) <https://github.com/hmbj>`_.
-
-* Added support for the ``?`` format specifier to ``std::filesystem::path`` and
-  made the default unescaped for consistency with strings.
-
-* Deprecated the wide stream overload of ``printf``.
-
-* Removed unused ``basic_printf_parse_context``.
-
-* Improved RTTI detection used when formatting exceptions
-  (`#3468 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3468>`_).
-  Thanks `@danakj (Dana Jansens) <https://github.com/danakj>`_.
-
-* Improved compatibility with VxWorks7
-  (`#3467 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3467>`_).
-  Thanks `@wenshan1 (Bin Lan) <https://github.com/wenshan1>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#3174 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3174>`_,
-  `#3423 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3423>`_,
-  `#3454 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3454>`_,
-  `#3458 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3458>`_,
-  `#3461 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3461>`_,
-  `#3487 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3487>`_,
-  `#3515 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3515>`_).
-  Thanks `@zencatalyst (Kasra Hashemi) <https://github.com/zencatalyst>`_,
-  `@rlalik <https://github.com/rlalik>`_,
-  `@mikecrowe (Mike Crowe) <https://github.com/mikecrowe>`_.
-
-* Improved build and CI configurations
-  (`#3449 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3449>`_,
-  `#3451 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3451>`_,
-  `#3452 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3452>`_,
-  `#3453 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3453>`_,
-  `#3459 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3459>`_,
-  `#3481 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3481>`_,
-  `#3486 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3486>`_,
-  `#3489 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3489>`_,
-  `#3496 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3496>`_,
-  `#3517 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3517>`_,
-  `#3523 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3523>`_,
-  `#3563 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3563>`_).
-  Thanks `@joycebrum (Joyce) <https://github.com/joycebrum>`_,
-  `@glebm (Gleb Mazovetskiy) <https://github.com/glebm>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@petrmanek (Petr Mánek) <https://github.com/petrmanek>`_,
-  `@setoye (Alta) <https://github.com/setoye>`_,
-  `@abouvier (Alexandre Bouvier) <https://github.com/abouvier>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#3408 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3408>`_,
-  `#3424 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3424>`_,
-  `#3444 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3444>`_,
-  `#3446 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3446>`_,
-  `#3475 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3475>`_,
-  `#3482 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3482>`_,
-  `#3492 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3492>`_,
-  `#3493 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3493>`_,
-  `#3508 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3508>`_,
-  `#3509 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3509>`_,
-  `#3533 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3533>`_,
-  `#3542 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3542>`_,
-  `#3543 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3543>`_,
-  `#3540 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3540>`_,
-  `#3544 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3544>`_,
-  `#3548 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3548>`_,
-  `#3549 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3549>`_,
-  `#3550 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3550>`_,
-  `#3552 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3552>`_).
-  Thanks `@adesitter (Arnaud Desitter) <https://github.com/adesitter>`_,
-  `@hmbj (Hans-Martin B. Jensen) <https://github.com/hmbj>`_,
-  `@Minty-Meeo <https://github.com/Minty-Meeo>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@TobiSchluter (Tobias Schlüter) <https://github.com/TobiSchluter>`_,
-  `@kieranclancy (Kieran Clancy) <https://github.com/kieranclancy>`_,
-  `@alexeedm (Dmitry Alexeev) <https://github.com/alexeedm>`_,
-  `@jurihock (Jürgen Hock) <https://github.com/jurihock>`_,
-  `@Ozomahtli <https://github.com/Ozomahtli>`_,
-  `@razaqq <https://github.com/razaqq>`_.
-
-10.0.0 - 2023-05-09
--------------------
-
-* Replaced Grisu with a new floating-point formatting algorithm for given
-  precision (`#3262 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3262>`_,
-  `#2750 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2750>`_,
-  `#3269 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3269>`_,
-  `#3276 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3276>`_).
-  The new algorithm is based on Dragonbox already used for the
-  shortest representation and gives substantial performance improvement:
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/33922675/
-             211956670-84891a09-6867-47d9-82fc-3230da7abe0f.png
-
-  * Red: new algorithm
-  * Green: new algorithm with ``FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX`` defined to 1
-  * Blue: old algorithm
-
-  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
-
-* Replaced ``snprintf``-based hex float formatter with an internal
-  implementation (`#3179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3179>`_,
-  `#3203 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3203>`_).
-  This removes the last usage of ``s(n)printf`` in {fmt}.
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Fixed alignment of floating-point numbers with localization
-  (`#3263 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3263>`_,
-  `#3272 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3272>`_).
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Made handling of ``#`` consistent with ``std::format``.
-
-* Improved C++20 module support
-  (`#3134 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3134>`_,
-  `#3254 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3254>`_,
-  `#3386 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3386>`_,
-  `#3387 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3387>`_,
-  `#3388 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3388>`_,
-  `#3392 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3392>`_,
-  `#3397 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3397>`_,
-  `#3399 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3399>`_,
-  `#3400 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3400>`_).
-  Thanks `@laitingsheng (Tinson Lai) <https://github.com/laitingsheng>`_,
-  `@Orvid (Orvid King) <https://github.com/Orvid>`_,
-  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-  Switched to the `modules CMake library <https://github.com/vitaut/modules>`_
-  which allows building {fmt} as a C++20 module with clang::
-
-    CXX=clang++ cmake -DFMT_MODULE=ON .
-    make
-
-* Made ``format_as`` work with any user-defined type and not just enums.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/b7rqhq5Kh>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     struct floaty_mc_floatface {
-       double value;
-     };
-
-     auto format_as(floaty_mc_floatface f) { return f.value; }
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:8}\n", floaty_mc_floatface{0.42}); // prints "    0.42"
-     }
-
-* Removed deprecated implicit conversions for enums and conversions to primitive
-  types for compatibility with ``std::format`` and to prevent potential ODR
-  violations. Use ``format_as`` instead.
-
-* Added support for fill, align and width to the time point formatter
-  (`#3237 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3237>`_,
-  `#3260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3260>`_,
-  `#3275 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3275>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/rKP6MGz6c>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       // prints "    2023"
-       fmt::print("{:>8%Y}\n", std::chrono::system_clock::now());
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Implemented formatting of subseconds
-  (`#2207 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2207>`_,
-  `#3117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3117>`_,
-  `#3115 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3115>`_,
-  `#3143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3143>`_,
-  `#3144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3144>`_,
-  `#3349 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3349>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/45738oGEo>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       // prints 01.234567
-       fmt::print("{:%S}\n", std::chrono::microseconds(1234567));
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@patrickroocks (Patrick Roocks) <https://github.com/patrickroocks>`_
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Added precision support to ``%S``
-  (`#3148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3148>`_).
-  Thanks `@SappyJoy (Stepan Ponomaryov) <https://github.com/SappyJoy>`_
-
-* Added support for ``std::utc_time``
-  (`#3098 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3098>`_,
-  `#3110 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3110>`_).
-  Thanks `@patrickroocks (Patrick Roocks) <https://github.com/patrickroocks>`_.
-
-* Switched formatting of ``std::chrono::system_clock`` from local time to UTC
-  for compatibility with the standard
-  (`#3199 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3199>`_,
-  `#3230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3230>`_).
-  Thanks `@ned14 (Niall Douglas) <https://github.com/ned14>`_.
-
-* Added support for ``%Ez`` and ``%Oz`` to chrono formatters.
-  (`#3220 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3220>`_,
-  `#3222 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3222>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Improved validation of format specifiers for ``std::chrono::duration``
-  (`#3219 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3219>`_,
-  `#3232 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3232>`_).
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of time points before the epoch
-  (`#3117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3117>`_,
-  `#3261 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3261>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/f7bcznb3W>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto t = std::chrono::system_clock::from_time_t(0) -
-                std::chrono::milliseconds(250);
-       fmt::print("{:%S}\n", t); // prints 59.750000000
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Experimental: implemented glibc extension for padding seconds, minutes and
-  hours (`#2959 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2959>`_,
-  `#3271 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3271>`_).
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Added a formatter for ``std::exception``
-  (`#2977 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2977>`_,
-  `#3012 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3012>`_,
-  `#3062 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3062>`_,
-  `#3076 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3076>`_,
-  `#3119 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3119>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/8xoWGs9e4>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/std.h>
-     #include <vector>
-
-     int main() {
-       try {
-         std::vector<bool>().at(0);
-       } catch(const std::exception& e) {
-         fmt::print("{}", e);
-       }
-     }
-
-  prints::
-
-    vector<bool>::_M_range_check: __n (which is 0) >= this->size() (which is 0)
-
-  on libstdc++.
-  Thanks `@zach2good (Zach Toogood) <https://github.com/zach2good>`_ and
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Moved ``std::error_code`` formatter from ``fmt/os.h`` to ``fmt/std.h``.
-  (`#3125 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3125>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added formatters for standard container adapters: ``std::priority_queue``,
-  ``std::queue`` and ``std::stack``
-  (`#3215 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3215>`_,
-  `#3279 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3279>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/74h1xY9qK>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-     #include <stack>
-     #include <vector>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto s = std::stack<bool, std::vector<bool>>();
-       for (auto b: {true, false, true}) s.push(b);
-       fmt::print("{}\n", s); // prints [true, false, true]
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Added a formatter for ``std::optional`` to ``fmt/std.h``.
-  Thanks `@tom-huntington <https://github.com/tom-huntington>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of valueless by exception variants
-  (`#3347 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3347>`_).
-  Thanks `@TheOmegaCarrot <https://github.com/TheOmegaCarrot>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::ptr`` accept ``unique_ptr`` with a custom deleter
-  (`#3177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3177>`_).
-  Thanks `@hmbj (Hans-Martin B. Jensen) <https://github.com/hmbj>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of noncopyable ranges and nested ranges of chars
-  (`#3158 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3158>`_
-  `#3286 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3286>`_,
-  `#3290 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3290>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Fixed issues with formatting of paths and ranges of paths
-  (`#3319 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3319>`_,
-  `#3321 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3321>`_
-  `#3322 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3322>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Improved handling of invalid Unicode in paths.
-
-* Enabled compile-time checks on Apple clang 14 and later
-  (`#3331 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3331>`_).
-  Thanks `@cloyce (Cloyce D. Spradling) <https://github.com/cloyce>`_.
-
-* Improved compile-time checks of named arguments
-  (`#3105 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3105>`_,
-  `#3214 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3214>`_).
-  Thanks `@rbrich (Radek Brich) <https://github.com/rbrich>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting when both alignment and ``0`` are given
-  (`#3236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3236>`_,
-  `#3248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3248>`_).
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Improved Unicode support in the experimental file API on Windows
-  (`#3234 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3234>`_,
-  `#3293 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3293>`_).
-  Thanks `@Fros1er (Froster) <https://github.com/Fros1er>`_.
-
-* Unified UTF transcoding
-  (`#3416 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3416>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added support for UTF-8 digit separators via an experimental locale facet
-  (`#1861 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1861>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/f7bcznb3W>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto loc = std::locale(
-       std::locale(), new fmt::format_facet<std::locale>("’"));
-     auto s = fmt::format(loc, "{:L}", 1000);
-
-  where ``’`` is U+2019 used as a digit separator in the de_CH locale.
-
-* Added an overload of ``formatted_size`` that takes a locale
-  (`#3084 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3084>`_,
-  `#3087 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3087>`_).
-  Thanks `@gerboengels <https://github.com/gerboengels>`_.
-
-* Removed the deprecated ``FMT_DEPRECATED_OSTREAM``.
-
-* Fixed a UB when using a null ``std::string_view`` with ``fmt::to_string``
-  or format string compilation
-  (`#3241 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3241>`_,
-  `#3244 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3244>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added ``starts_with`` to the fallback ``string_view`` implementation
-  (`#3080 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3080>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added ``fmt::basic_format_string::get()`` for compatibility with
-  ``basic_format_string`` (`#3111 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3111>`_).
-  Thanks `@huangqinjin <https://github.com/huangqinjin>`_.
-
-* Added ``println`` for compatibility with C++23
-  (`#3267 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3267>`_).
-  Thanks `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_.
-
-* Renamed the ``FMT_EXPORT`` macro for shared library usage to
-  ``FMT_LIB_EXPORT``.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#3108 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3108>`_,
-  `#3169 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3169>`_,
-  `#3243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3243>`_).
-  `#3404 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3404>`_).
-  Thanks `@Cleroth <https://github.com/Cleroth>`_ and
-  `@Vertexwahn <https://github.com/Vertexwahn>`_.
-
-* Improved build configuration and tests
-  (`#3118 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3118>`_,
-  `#3120 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3120>`_,
-  `#3188 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3188>`_,
-  `#3189 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3189>`_,
-  `#3198 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3198>`_,
-  `#3205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3205>`_,
-  `#3207 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3207>`_,
-  `#3210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3210>`_,
-  `#3240 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3240>`_,
-  `#3256 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3256>`_,
-  `#3264 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3264>`_,
-  `#3299 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3299>`_,
-  `#3302 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3302>`_,
-  `#3312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3312>`_,
-  `#3317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3317>`_,
-  `#3328 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3328>`_,
-  `#3333 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3333>`_,
-  `#3369 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3369>`_,
-  `#3373 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3373>`_,
-  `#3395 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3395>`_,
-  `#3406 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3406>`_,
-  `#3411 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3411>`_).
-  Thanks `@dimztimz (Dimitrij Mijoski) <https://github.com/dimztimz>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@DavidKorczynski <https://github.com/DavidKorczynski>`_,
-  `@ChrisThrasher (Chris Thrasher) <https://github.com/ChrisThrasher>`_,
-  `@FrancoisCarouge (François Carouge) <https://github.com/FrancoisCarouge>`_,
-  `@kennyweiss (Kenny Weiss) <https://github.com/kennyweiss>`_,
-  `@luzpaz <https://github.com/luzpaz>`_,
-  `@codeinred (Alecto Irene Perez) <https://github.com/codeinred>`_,
-  `@Mixaill (Mikhail Paulyshka) <https://github.com/Mixaill>`_,
-  `@joycebrum (Joyce) <https://github.com/joycebrum>`_,
-  `@kevinhwang (Kevin Hwang) <https://github.com/kevinhwang>`_,
-  `@Vertexwahn <https://github.com/Vertexwahn>`_.
-
-* Fixed a regression in handling empty format specifiers after a colon (``{:}``)
-  (`#3086 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3086>`_).
-  Thanks `@oxidase (Michael Krasnyk) <https://github.com/oxidase>`_.
-
-* Worked around a broken implementation of ``std::is_constant_evaluated`` in
-  some versions of libstdc++ on clang
-  (`#3247 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3247>`_,
-  `#3281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3281>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of volatile variables
-  (`#3068 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3068>`_).
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#3057 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3057>`_,
-  `#3066 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3066>`_,
-  `#3072 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3072>`_,
-  `#3082 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3082>`_,
-  `#3091 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3091>`_,
-  `#3092 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3092>`_,
-  `#3093 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3093>`_,
-  `#3095 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3095>`_,
-  `#3096 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3096>`_,
-  `#3097 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3097>`_,
-  `#3128 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3128>`_,
-  `#3129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3129>`_,
-  `#3137 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3137>`_,
-  `#3139 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3139>`_,
-  `#3140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3140>`_,
-  `#3142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3142>`_,
-  `#3149 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3149>`_,
-  `#3150 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3150>`_,
-  `#3154 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3154>`_,
-  `#3163 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3163>`_,
-  `#3178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3178>`_,
-  `#3184 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3184>`_,
-  `#3196 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3196>`_,
-  `#3204 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3204>`_,
-  `#3206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3206>`_,
-  `#3208 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3208>`_,
-  `#3213 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3213>`_,
-  `#3216 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3216>`_,
-  `#3224 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3224>`_,
-  `#3226 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3226>`_,
-  `#3228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3228>`_,
-  `#3229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3229>`_,
-  `#3259 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3259>`_,
-  `#3274 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3274>`_,
-  `#3287 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3287>`_,
-  `#3288 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3288>`_,
-  `#3292 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3292>`_,
-  `#3295 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3295>`_,
-  `#3296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3296>`_,
-  `#3298 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3298>`_,
-  `#3325 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3325>`_,
-  `#3326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3326>`_,
-  `#3334 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3334>`_,
-  `#3342 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3342>`_,
-  `#3343 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3343>`_,
-  `#3351 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3351>`_,
-  `#3352 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3352>`_,
-  `#3362 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3362>`_,
-  `#3365 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3365>`_,
-  `#3366 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3366>`_,
-  `#3374 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3374>`_,
-  `#3377 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3377>`_,
-  `#3378 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3378>`_,
-  `#3381 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3381>`_,
-  `#3398 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3398>`_,
-  `#3413 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3413>`_,
-  `#3415 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3415>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@NewbieOrange <https://github.com/NewbieOrange>`_,
-  `@EngineLessCC (VivyaCC) <https://github.com/EngineLessCC>`_,
-  `@asmaloney (Andy Maloney) <https://github.com/asmaloney>`_,
-  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers)
-  <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_,
-  `@sergiud (Sergiu Deitsch) <https://github.com/sergiud>`_,
-  `@Youw (Ihor Dutchak) <https://github.com/Youw>`_,
-  `@thesmurph <https://github.com/thesmurph>`_,
-  `@czudziakm (Maksymilian Czudziak) <https://github.com/czudziakm>`_,
-  `@Roman-Koshelev <https://github.com/Roman-Koshelev>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@ShawnZhong (Shawn Zhong) <https://github.com/ShawnZhong>`_,
-  `@russelltg (Russell Greene) <https://github.com/russelltg>`_,
-  `@glebm (Gleb Mazovetskiy) <https://github.com/glebm>`_,
-  `@tmartin-gh <https://github.com/tmartin-gh>`_,
-  `@Zhaojun-Liu (June Liu) <https://github.com/Zhaojun-Liu>`_,
-  `@louiswins (Louis Wilson) <https://github.com/louiswins>`_,
-  `@mogemimi <https://github.com/mogemimi>`_.
-
-9.1.0 - 2022-08-27
-------------------
-
-* ``fmt::formatted_size`` now works at compile time
-  (`#3026 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3026>`_). For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/1MW5rMdf8>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       using namespace fmt::literals;
-       constexpr size_t n = fmt::formatted_size("{}"_cf, 42);
-       fmt::print("{}\n", n); // prints 2
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@marksantaniello (Mark Santaniello)
-  <https://github.com/marksantaniello>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of invalid UTF-8 
-  (`#3038 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3038>`_,
-  `#3044 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3044>`_,
-  `#3056 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3056>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_ and
-  `@skeeto (Christopher Wellons) <https://github.com/skeeto>`_.
-
-* Improved Unicode support in ``ostream`` overloads of ``print``
-  (`#2994 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2994>`_,
-  `#3001 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3001>`_,
-  `#3025 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3025>`_).
-  Thanks `@dimztimz (Dimitrij Mijoski) <https://github.com/dimztimz>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of the sign specifier in localized formatting on systems with
-  32-bit ``wchar_t`` (`#3041 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3041>`_).
-
-* Added support for wide streams to ``fmt::streamed``
-  (`#2994 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2994>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added the ``n`` specifier that disables the output of delimiters when
-  formatting ranges (`#2981 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2981>`_,
-  `#2983 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2983>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/roKqGdj8c>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-     #include <vector>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto v = std::vector{1, 2, 3};
-       fmt::print("{:n}\n", v); // prints 1, 2, 3
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Worked around problematic ``std::string_view`` constructors introduced in
-  C++23 (`#3030 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3030>`_,
-  `#3050 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3050>`_).
-  Thanks `@strega-nil-ms (nicole mazzuca) <https://github.com/strega-nil-ms>`_.
-
-* Improve handling (exclusion) of recursive ranges
-  (`#2968 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2968>`_,
-  `#2974 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2974>`_).
-  Thanks `@Dani-Hub (Daniel Krügler) <https://github.com/Dani-Hub>`_.
-
-* Improved error reporting in format string compilation
-  (`#3055 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3055>`_).
-
-* Improved the implementation of
-  `Dragonbox <https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox>`_, the algorithm used for
-  the default floating-point formatting
-  (`#2984 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2984>`_).
-  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
-
-* Fixed issues with floating-point formatting on exotic platforms.
-
-* Improved the implementation of chrono formatting
-  (`#3010 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3010>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#2966 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2966>`_,
-  `#3009 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3009>`_,
-  `#3020 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3020>`_,
-  `#3037 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3037>`_).
-  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
-  `@jcelerier (Jean-Michaël Celerier) <https://github.com/jcelerier>`_
-  and `@remiburtin (Rémi Burtin) <https://github.com/remiburtin>`_.
-
-* Improved build configuration
-  (`#2991 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2991>`_,
-  `#2995 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2995>`_,
-  `#3004 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3004>`_,
-  `#3007 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3007>`_,
-  `#3040 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3040>`_).
-  Thanks `@dimztimz (Dimitrij Mijoski) <https://github.com/dimztimz>`_ and
-  `@hwhsu1231 (Haowei Hsu) <https://github.com/hwhsu1231>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#2969 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2969>`_,
-  `#2971 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2971>`_,
-  `#2975 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2975>`_,
-  `#2982 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2982>`_,
-  `#2985 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2985>`_,
-  `#2988 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2988>`_,
-  `#2989 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2989>`_,
-  `#3000 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3000>`_,
-  `#3006 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3006>`_,
-  `#3014 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3014>`_,
-  `#3015 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3015>`_,
-  `#3021 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3021>`_,
-  `#3023 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3023>`_,
-  `#3024 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3024>`_,
-  `#3029 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3029>`_,
-  `#3043 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3043>`_,
-  `#3052 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3052>`_,
-  `#3053 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3053>`_,
-  `#3054 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/3054>`_).
-  Thanks `@h-friederich (Hannes Friederich) <https://github.com/h-friederich>`_,
-  `@dimztimz (Dimitrij Mijoski) <https://github.com/dimztimz>`_,
-  `@olupton (Olli Lupton) <https://github.com/olupton>`_,
-  `@bernhardmgruber (Bernhard Manfred Gruber)
-  <https://github.com/bernhardmgruber>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-9.0.0 - 2022-07-04
-------------------
-
-* Switched to the internal floating point formatter for all decimal presentation
-  formats. In particular this results in consistent rounding on all platforms
-  and removing the ``s[n]printf`` fallback for decimal FP formatting.
-
-* Compile-time floating point formatting no longer requires the header-only
-  mode. For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/G37PTeG3b>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <array>
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     consteval auto compile_time_dtoa(double value) -> std::array<char, 10> {
-       auto result = std::array<char, 10>();
-       fmt::format_to(result.data(), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), value);
-       return result;
-     }
-
-     constexpr auto answer = compile_time_dtoa(0.42);
-
-  works with the default settings.
-
-* Improved the implementation of
-  `Dragonbox <https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox>`_, the algorithm used for
-  the default floating-point formatting
-  (`#2713 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2713>`_,
-  `#2750 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2750>`_).
-  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::to_string`` work with ``__float128``. This uses the internal
-  FP formatter and works even on system without ``__float128`` support in
-  ``[s]printf``.
-
-* Disabled automatic ``std::ostream`` insertion operator (``operator<<``)
-  discovery when ``fmt/ostream.h`` is included to prevent ODR violations.
-  You can get the old behavior by defining ``FMT_DEPRECATED_OSTREAM`` but this
-  will be removed in the next major release. Use ``fmt::streamed`` or
-  ``fmt::ostream_formatter`` to enable formatting via ``std::ostream`` instead.
-  
-* Added ``fmt::ostream_formatter`` that can be used to write ``formatter``
-  specializations that perform formatting via ``std::ostream``.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/5sEc5qMsf>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ostream.h>
-
-     struct date {
-       int year, month, day;
-
-       friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const date& d) {
-         return os << d.year << '-' << d.month << '-' << d.day;
-       }
-     };
-
-     template <> struct fmt::formatter<date> : ostream_formatter {};
-
-     std::string s = fmt::format("The date is {}", date{2012, 12, 9});
-     // s == "The date is 2012-12-9"
-
-* Added the ``fmt::streamed`` function that takes an object and formats it
-  via ``std::ostream``.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/5G3346G1f>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <thread>
-     #include <fmt/ostream.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n",
-                  fmt::streamed(std::this_thread::get_id()));
-     }
-
-  Note that ``fmt/std.h`` provides a ``formatter`` specialization for
-  ``std::thread::id`` so you don't need to format it via ``std::ostream``.
-
-* Deprecated implicit conversions of unscoped enums to integers for consistency
-  with scoped enums.
-
-* Added an argument-dependent lookup based ``format_as`` extension API to
-  simplify formatting of enums.
-
-* Added experimental ``std::variant`` formatting support
-  (`#2941 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2941>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/KG9z6cq68>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <variant>
-     #include <fmt/std.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto v = std::variant<int, std::string>(42);
-       fmt::print("{}\n", v);
-     }
-
-  prints::
-
-     variant(42)
-
-  Thanks `@jehelset <https://github.com/jehelset>`_.
-
-* Added experimental ``std::filesystem::path`` formatting support
-  (`#2865 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2865>`_,
-  `#2902 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2902>`_,
-  `#2917 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2917>`_,
-  `#2918 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2918>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/o44dMexEb>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <filesystem>
-     #include <fmt/std.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("There is no place like {}.", std::filesystem::path("/home"));
-     }
-
-  prints::
-
-     There is no place like "/home".
-
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added a ``std::thread::id`` formatter to ``fmt/std.h``.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/j1azbYf3E>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <thread>
-     #include <fmt/std.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n", std::this_thread::get_id());
-     }
-
-* Added ``fmt::styled`` that applies a text style to an individual argument
-  (`#2793 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2793>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/vWGW7v5M6>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-     #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
-       fmt::print(
-         "[{}] {}: {}\n",
-         fmt::styled(now, fmt::emphasis::bold),
-         fmt::styled("error", fg(fmt::color::red)),
-         "something went wrong");
-     }
-
-  prints
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             175071215-12809244-dab0-4005-96d8-7cd911c964d5.png
-
-  Thanks `@rbrugo (Riccardo Brugo) <https://github.com/rbrugo>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::print`` overload for text styles correctly handle UTF-8
-  (`#2681 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2681>`_,
-  `#2701 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2701>`_).
-  Thanks `@AlexGuteniev (Alex Guteniev) <https://github.com/AlexGuteniev>`_.
-
-* Fixed Unicode handling when writing to an ostream.
-
-* Added support for nested specifiers to range formatting
-  (`#2673 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2673>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/xd3Gj38cf>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <vector>
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{::#x}\n", std::vector{10, 20, 30});
-     }
-
-  prints ``[0xa, 0x14, 0x1e]``.
-
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Implemented escaping of wide strings in ranges
-  (`#2904 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2904>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added support for ranges with ``begin`` / ``end`` found via the
-  argument-dependent lookup
-  (`#2807 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2807>`_).
-  Thanks `@rbrugo (Riccardo Brugo) <https://github.com/rbrugo>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of certain kinds of ranges of ranges
-  (`#2787 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2787>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of maps with element types other than ``std::pair``
-  (`#2944 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2944>`_).
-  Thanks `@BrukerJWD (Jonathan W) <https://github.com/BrukerJWD>`_.
-
-* Made tuple formatter enabled only if elements are formattable
-  (`#2939 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2939>`_,
-  `#2940 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2940>`_).
-  Thanks `@jehelset <https://github.com/jehelset>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::join`` compatible with format string compilation
-  (`#2719 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2719>`_,
-  `#2720 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2720>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Made compile-time checks work with named arguments of custom types and
-  ``std::ostream`` ``print`` overloads
-  (`#2816 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2816>`_,
-  `#2817 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2817>`_,
-  `#2819 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2819>`_).
-  Thanks `@timsong-cpp <https://github.com/timsong-cpp>`_.
-
-* Removed ``make_args_checked`` because it is no longer needed for compile-time
-  checks (`#2760 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2760>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Removed the following deprecated APIs: ``_format``, ``arg_join``,
-  the ``format_to`` overload that takes a memory buffer,
-  ``[v]fprintf`` that takes an ``ostream``.
-
-* Removed the deprecated implicit conversion of ``[const] signed char*`` and 
-  ``[const] unsigned char*`` to C strings.
-
-* Removed the deprecated ``fmt/locale.h``.
-
-* Replaced the deprecated ``fileno()`` with ``descriptor()`` in
-  ``buffered_file``.
-
-* Moved ``to_string_view`` to the ``detail`` namespace since it's an
-  implementation detail.
-
-* Made access mode of a created file consistent with ``fopen`` by setting
-  ``S_IWGRP`` and ``S_IWOTH``
-  (`#2733 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2733>`_).
-  Thanks `@arogge (Andreas Rogge) <https://github.com/arogge>`_.
-
-* Removed a redundant buffer resize when formatting to ``std::ostream``
-  (`#2842 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2842>`_,
-  `#2843 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2843>`_).
-  Thanks `@jcelerier (Jean-Michaël Celerier) <https://github.com/jcelerier>`_.
-
-* Made precision computation for strings consistent with width
-  (`#2888 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2888>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of locale separators in floating point formatting
-  (`#2830 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2830>`_).
-
-* Made sign specifiers work with ``__int128_t``
-  (`#2773 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2773>`_).
-
-* Improved support for systems such as CHERI with extra data stored in pointers
-  (`#2932 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2932>`_).
-  Thanks `@davidchisnall (David Chisnall) <https://github.com/davidchisnall>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#2706 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2706>`_,
-  `#2712 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2712>`_,
-  `#2789 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2789>`_,
-  `#2803 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2803>`_,
-  `#2805 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2805>`_,
-  `#2815 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2815>`_,
-  `#2924 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2924>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_,
-  `@Pokechu22 <https://github.com/Pokechu22>`_,
-  `@setoye (Alta) <https://github.com/setoye>`_,
-  `@rtobar <https://github.com/rtobar>`_,
-  `@rbrugo (Riccardo Brugo) <https://github.com/rbrugo>`_,
-  `@anoonD (cre) <https://github.com/anoonD>`_,
-  `@leha-bot (Alex) <https://github.com/leha-bot>`_.
-
-* Improved build configuration
-  (`#2766 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2766>`_,
-  `#2772 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2772>`_,
-  `#2836 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2836>`_,
-  `#2852 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2852>`_,
-  `#2907 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2907>`_,
-  `#2913 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2913>`_,
-  `#2914 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2914>`_).
-  Thanks `@kambala-decapitator (Andrey Filipenkov)
-  <https://github.com/kambala-decapitator>`_,
-  `@mattiasljungstrom (Mattias Ljungström)
-  <https://github.com/mattiasljungstrom>`_,
-  `@kieselnb (Nick Kiesel) <https://github.com/kieselnb>`_,
-  `@nathannaveen <https://github.com/nathannaveen>`_,
-  `@Vertexwahn <https://github.com/Vertexwahn>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#2408 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2408>`_,
-  `#2507 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2507>`_,
-  `#2697 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2697>`_,
-  `#2715 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2715>`_,
-  `#2717 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2717>`_,
-  `#2722 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2722>`_,
-  `#2724 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2724>`_,
-  `#2725 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2725>`_,
-  `#2726 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2726>`_,
-  `#2728 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2728>`_,
-  `#2732 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2732>`_,
-  `#2738 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2738>`_,
-  `#2742 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2742>`_,
-  `#2744 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2744>`_,
-  `#2745 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2745>`_,
-  `#2746 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2746>`_,
-  `#2754 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2754>`_,
-  `#2755 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2755>`_,
-  `#2757 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2757>`_,
-  `#2758 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2758>`_,
-  `#2761 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2761>`_,
-  `#2762 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2762>`_,
-  `#2763 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2763>`_,
-  `#2765 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2765>`_,
-  `#2769 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2769>`_,
-  `#2770 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2770>`_,
-  `#2771 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2771>`_,
-  `#2777 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2777>`_,
-  `#2779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2779>`_,
-  `#2782 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2782>`_,
-  `#2783 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2783>`_,
-  `#2794 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2794>`_,
-  `#2796 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2796>`_,
-  `#2797 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2797>`_,
-  `#2801 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2801>`_,
-  `#2802 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2802>`_,
-  `#2808 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2808>`_,
-  `#2818 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2818>`_,
-  `#2819 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2819>`_,
-  `#2829 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2829>`_,
-  `#2835 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2835>`_,
-  `#2848 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2848>`_,
-  `#2860 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2860>`_,
-  `#2861 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2861>`_,
-  `#2882 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2882>`_,
-  `#2886 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2886>`_,
-  `#2891 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2891>`_,
-  `#2892 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2892>`_,
-  `#2895 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2895>`_,
-  `#2896 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2896>`_,
-  `#2903 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2903>`_,
-  `#2906 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2906>`_,
-  `#2908 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2908>`_,
-  `#2909 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2909>`_,
-  `#2920 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2920>`_,
-  `#2922 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2922>`_,
-  `#2927 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2927>`_,
-  `#2929 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2929>`_,
-  `#2936 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2936>`_,
-  `#2937 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2937>`_,
-  `#2938 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2938>`_,
-  `#2951 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2951>`_,
-  `#2954 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2954>`_,
-  `#2957 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2957>`_,
-  `#2958 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2958>`_,
-  `#2960 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2960>`_).
-  Thanks `@matrackif <https://github.com/matrackif>`_
-  `@Tobi823 (Tobias Hellmann) <https://github.com/Tobi823>`_,
-  `@ivan-volnov (Ivan Volnov) <https://github.com/ivan-volnov>`_,
-  `@VasiliPupkin256 <https://github.com/VasiliPupkin256>`_,
-  `@federico-busato (Federico) <https://github.com/federico-busato>`_,
-  `@barcharcraz (Charlie Barto) <https://github.com/barcharcraz>`_,
-  `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_,
-  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers)
-  <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_,
-  `@dalboris (Boris Dalstein) <https://github.com/dalboris>`_,
-  `@seanm (Sean McBride) <https://github.com/seanm>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@timsong-cpp <https://github.com/timsong-cpp>`_,
-  `@seanm (Sean McBride) <https://github.com/seanm>`_,
-  `@frithrah <https://github.com/frithrah>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@Agga <https://github.com/Agga>`_,
-  `@madmaxoft (Mattes D) <https://github.com/madmaxoft>`_,
-  `@JurajX (Juraj) <https://github.com/JurajX>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@Dani-Hub (Daniel Krügler) <https://github.com/Dani-Hub>`_.
-
-8.1.1 - 2022-01-06
-------------------
-
-* Restored ABI compatibility with version 8.0.x
-  (`#2695 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2695>`_,
-  `#2696 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2696>`_).
-  Thanks `@saraedum (Julian Rüth) <https://github.com/saraedum>`_.
-
-* Fixed chrono formatting on big endian systems
-  (`#2698 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2698>`_,
-  `#2699 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2699>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_ and
-  `@xvitaly (Vitaly Zaitsev) <https://github.com/xvitaly>`_.
-
-* Fixed a linkage error with mingw
-  (`#2691 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2691>`_,
-  `#2692 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2692>`_).
-  Thanks `@rbberger (Richard Berger) <https://github.com/rbberger>`_.
-
-8.1.0 - 2022-01-02
-------------------
-
-* Optimized chrono formatting
-  (`#2500 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2500>`_,
-  `#2537 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2537>`_,
-  `#2541 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2541>`_,
-  `#2544 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2544>`_,
-  `#2550 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2550>`_,
-  `#2551 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2551>`_,
-  `#2576 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2576>`_,
-  `#2577 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2577>`_,
-  `#2586 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2586>`_,
-  `#2591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2591>`_,
-  `#2594 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2594>`_,
-  `#2602 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2602>`_,
-  `#2617 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2617>`_,
-  `#2628 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2628>`_,
-  `#2633 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2633>`_,
-  `#2670 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2670>`_,
-  `#2671 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2671>`_).
-
-  Processing of some specifiers such as ``%z`` and ``%Y`` is now up to 10-20
-  times faster, for example on GCC 11 with libstdc++::
-
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Benchmark                                  Before             After
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    FMTFormatter_z                             261 ns             26.3 ns
-    FMTFormatterCompile_z                      246 ns             11.6 ns
-    FMTFormatter_Y                             263 ns             26.1 ns
-    FMTFormatterCompile_Y                      244 ns             10.5 ns
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_ and
-  `@toughengineer (Pavel Novikov) <https://github.com/toughengineer>`_.
-
-* Implemented subsecond formatting for chrono durations
-  (`#2623 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2623>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/es7vWTETe>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:%S}", std::chrono::milliseconds(1234));
-     }
-
-  prints "01.234".
-
-  Thanks `@matrackif <https://github.com/matrackif>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of precision 0 when formatting chrono durations
-  (`#2587 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2587>`_,
-  `#2588 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2588>`_).
-  Thanks `@lukester1975 <https://github.com/lukester1975>`_.
-
-* Fixed an overflow on invalid inputs in the ``tm`` formatter
-  (`#2564 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2564>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added ``fmt::group_digits`` that formats integers with a non-localized digit
-  separator (comma) for groups of three digits.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/TxGxG9Poq>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{} dollars", fmt::group_digits(1000000));
-     }
-
-  prints "1,000,000 dollars".
-
-* Added support for faint, conceal, reverse and blink text styles
-  (`#2394 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2394>`_):
-
-  https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/147710227-c68f5317-f8fa-42c3-9123-7c4ba3c398cb.mp4
-
-  Thanks `@benit8 (Benoît Lormeau) <https://github.com/benit8>`_ and
-  `@data-man (Dmitry Atamanov) <https://github.com/data-man>`_.
-
-* Added experimental support for compile-time floating point formatting
-  (`#2426 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2426>`_,
-  `#2470 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2470>`_).
-  It is currently limited to the header-only mode.
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Added UDL-based named argument support to compile-time format string checks
-  (`#2640 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2640>`_,
-  `#2649 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2649>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/ohGbbvonv>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       using namespace fmt::literals;
-       fmt::print("{answer:s}", "answer"_a=42);
-     }
-
-  gives a compile-time error on compilers with C++20 ``consteval`` and non-type
-  template parameter support (gcc 10+) because ``s`` is not a valid format
-  specifier for an integer.
-
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Implemented escaping of string range elements.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/rKvM1vKf3>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-     #include <vector>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{}", std::vector<std::string>{"\naan"});
-     }
-
-  is now printed as::
-
-    ["\naan"]
-
-  instead of::
-  
-    ["
-    aan"]
-
-* Added an experimental ``?`` specifier for escaping strings.
-  (`#2674 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2674>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Switched to JSON-like representation of maps and sets for consistency with
-  Python's ``str.format``.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/seKjoY9W5>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-     #include <map>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{}", std::map<std::string, int>{{"answer", 42}});
-     }
-
-  is now printed as::
-
-    {"answer": 42}
-
-* Extended ``fmt::join`` to support C++20-only ranges
-  (`#2549 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2549>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Optimized handling of non-const-iterable ranges and implemented initial
-  support for non-const-formattable types.
-
-* Disabled implicit conversions of scoped enums to integers that was
-  accidentally introduced in earlier versions
-  (`#1841 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1841>`_).
-
-* Deprecated implicit conversion of ``[const] signed char*`` and 
-  ``[const] unsigned char*`` to C strings.
-
-* Deprecated ``_format``, a legacy UDL-based format API
-  (`#2646 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2646>`_).
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Marked ``format``, ``formatted_size`` and ``to_string`` as ``[[nodiscard]]``
-  (`#2612 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2612>`_).
-  `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
-
-* Added missing diagnostic when trying to format function and member pointers
-  as well as objects convertible to pointers which is explicitly disallowed
-  (`#2598 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2598>`_,
-  `#2609 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2609>`_,
-  `#2610 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2610>`_).
-  Thanks `@AlexGuteniev (Alex Guteniev) <https://github.com/AlexGuteniev>`_.
-
-* Optimized writing to a contiguous buffer with ``format_to_n``
-  (`#2489 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2489>`_).
-  Thanks `@Roman-Koshelev <https://github.com/Roman-Koshelev>`_.
-
-* Optimized writing to non-``char`` buffers
-  (`#2477 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2477>`_).
-  Thanks `@Roman-Koshelev <https://github.com/Roman-Koshelev>`_.
-
-* Decimal point is now localized when using the ``L`` specifier.
-
-* Improved floating point formatter implementation
-  (`#2498 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2498>`_,
-  `#2499 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2499>`_).
-  Thanks `@Roman-Koshelev <https://github.com/Roman-Koshelev>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of very large precision in fixed format
-  (`#2616 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2616>`_).
-
-* Made a table of cached powers used in FP formatting static
-  (`#2509 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2509>`_).
-  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
-
-* Resolved a lookup ambiguity with C++20 format-related functions due to ADL
-  (`#2639 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2639>`_,
-  `#2641 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2641>`_).
-  Thanks `@mkurdej (Marek Kurdej) <https://github.com/mkurdej>`_.
-
-* Removed unnecessary inline namespace qualification
-  (`#2642 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2642>`_,
-  `#2643 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2643>`_).
-  Thanks `@mkurdej (Marek Kurdej) <https://github.com/mkurdej>`_.
-
-* Implemented argument forwarding in ``format_to_n``
-  (`#2462 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2462>`_,
-  `#2463 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2463>`_).
-  Thanks `@owent (WenTao Ou) <https://github.com/owent>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of implicit conversions in ``fmt::to_string`` and format string
-  compilation (`#2565 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2565>`_).
-
-* Changed the default access mode of files created by ``fmt::output_file`` to
-  ``-rw-r--r--`` for consistency with ``fopen``
-  (`#2530 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2530>`_).
-
-* Make ``fmt::ostream::flush`` public
-  (`#2435 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2435>`_).
-
-* Improved C++14/17 attribute detection
-  (`#2615 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2615>`_).
-  Thanks `@AlexGuteniev (Alex Guteniev) <https://github.com/AlexGuteniev>`_.
-
-* Improved ``consteval`` detection for MSVC
-  (`#2559 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2559>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#2406 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2406>`_,
-  `#2446 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2446>`_,
-  `#2493 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2493>`_,
-  `#2513 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2513>`_,
-  `#2515 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2515>`_,
-  `#2522 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2522>`_,
-  `#2562 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2562>`_,
-  `#2575 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2575>`_,
-  `#2606 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2606>`_,
-  `#2620 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2620>`_,
-  `#2676 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2676>`_).
-  Thanks `@sobolevn (Nikita Sobolev) <https://github.com/sobolevn>`_,
-  `@UnePierre (Max FERGER) <https://github.com/UnePierre>`_,
-  `@zhsj <https://github.com/zhsj>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@ericcurtin (Eric Curtin) <https://github.com/ericcurtin>`_,
-  `@Lounarok <https://github.com/Lounarok>`_.
-
-* Improved fuzzers and added a fuzzer for chrono timepoint formatting
-  (`#2461 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2461>`_,
-  `#2469 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2469>`_).
-  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_,
-
-* Added the ``FMT_SYSTEM_HEADERS`` CMake option setting which marks {fmt}'s
-  headers as system. It can be used to suppress warnings
-  (`#2644 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2644>`_,
-  `#2651 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2651>`_).
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Added the Bazel build system support
-  (`#2505 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2505>`_,
-  `#2516 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2516>`_).
-  Thanks `@Vertexwahn <https://github.com/Vertexwahn>`_.
-
-* Improved build configuration and tests
-  (`#2437 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2437>`_,
-  `#2558 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2558>`_,
-  `#2648 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2648>`_,
-  `#2650 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2650>`_,
-  `#2663 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2663>`_,
-  `#2677 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2677>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#2353 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2353>`_,
-  `#2356 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2356>`_,
-  `#2399 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2399>`_,
-  `#2408 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2408>`_,
-  `#2414 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2414>`_,
-  `#2427 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2427>`_,
-  `#2432 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2432>`_,
-  `#2442 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2442>`_,
-  `#2434 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2434>`_,
-  `#2439 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2439>`_,
-  `#2447 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2447>`_,
-  `#2450 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2450>`_,
-  `#2455 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2455>`_,
-  `#2465 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2465>`_,
-  `#2472 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2472>`_,
-  `#2474 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2474>`_,
-  `#2476 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2476>`_,
-  `#2478 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2478>`_,
-  `#2479 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2479>`_,
-  `#2481 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2481>`_,
-  `#2482 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2482>`_,
-  `#2483 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2483>`_,
-  `#2490 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2490>`_,
-  `#2491 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2491>`_,
-  `#2510 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2510>`_,
-  `#2518 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2518>`_,
-  `#2528 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2528>`_,
-  `#2529 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2529>`_,
-  `#2539 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2539>`_,
-  `#2540 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2540>`_,
-  `#2545 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2545>`_,
-  `#2555 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2555>`_,
-  `#2557 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2557>`_,
-  `#2570 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2570>`_,
-  `#2573 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2573>`_,
-  `#2582 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2582>`_,
-  `#2605 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2605>`_,
-  `#2611 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2611>`_,
-  `#2647 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2647>`_,
-  `#2627 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2627>`_,
-  `#2630 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2630>`_,
-  `#2635 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2635>`_,
-  `#2638 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2638>`_,
-  `#2653 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2653>`_,
-  `#2654 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2654>`_,
-  `#2661 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2661>`_,
-  `#2664 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2664>`_,
-  `#2684 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2684>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
-  `@cdacamar (Cameron DaCamara) <https://github.com/cdacamar>`_,
-  `@TrebledJ (Johnathan) <https://github.com/TrebledJ>`_,
-  `@bodomartin (brm) <https://github.com/bodomartin>`_,
-  `@cquammen (Cory Quammen) <https://github.com/cquammen>`_,
-  `@white238 (Chris White) <https://github.com/white238>`_,
-  `@mmarkeloff (Max) <https://github.com/mmarkeloff>`_,
-  `@palacaze (Pierre-Antoine Lacaze) <https://github.com/palacaze>`_,
-  `@jcelerier (Jean-Michaël Celerier) <https://github.com/jcelerier>`_,
-  `@mborn-adi (Mathias Born) <https://github.com/mborn-adi>`_,
-  `@BrukerJWD (Jonathan W) <https://github.com/BrukerJWD>`_,
-  `@spyridon97 (Spiros Tsalikis) <https://github.com/spyridon97>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@oliverlee (Oliver Lee) <https://github.com/oliverlee>`_,
-  `@joshessman-llnl (Josh Essman) <https://github.com/joshessman-llnl>`_,
-  `@akohlmey (Axel Kohlmeyer) <https://github.com/akohlmey>`_,
-  `@timkalu <https://github.com/timkalu>`_,
-  `@olupton (Olli Lupton) <https://github.com/olupton>`_,
-  `@Acretock <https://github.com/Acretock>`_,
-  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_,
-  `@andrewcorrigan (Andrew Corrigan) <https://github.com/andrewcorrigan>`_,
-  `@lucpelletier <https://github.com/lucpelletier>`_,
-  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers)
-  <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_.
-
-8.0.1 - 2021-07-02
-------------------
-
-* Fixed the version number in the inline namespace
-  (`#2374 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2374>`_).
-
-* Added a missing presentation type check for ``std::string``
-  (`#2402 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2402>`_).
-
-* Fixed a linkage error when mixing code built with clang and gcc
-  (`#2377 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2377>`_).
-
-* Fixed documentation issues
-  (`#2396 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2396>`_,
-  `#2403 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2403>`_,
-  `#2406 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2406>`_).
-  Thanks `@mkurdej (Marek Kurdej) <https://github.com/mkurdej>`_.
-
-* Removed dead code in FP formatter (
-  `#2398 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2398>`_).
-  Thanks `@javierhonduco (Javier Honduvilla Coto)
-  <https://github.com/javierhonduco>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#2351 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2351>`_,
-  `#2359 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2359>`_,
-  `#2365 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2365>`_,
-  `#2368 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2368>`_,
-  `#2370 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2370>`_,
-  `#2376 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2376>`_,
-  `#2381 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2381>`_,
-  `#2382 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2382>`_,
-  `#2386 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2386>`_,
-  `#2389 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2389>`_,
-  `#2395 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2395>`_,
-  `#2397 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2397>`_,
-  `#2400 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2400>`_,
-  `#2401 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2401>`_,
-  `#2407 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2407>`_).
-  Thanks `@zx2c4 (Jason A. Donenfeld) <https://github.com/zx2c4>`_,
-  `@AidanSun05 (Aidan Sun) <https://github.com/AidanSun05>`_,
-  `@mattiasljungstrom (Mattias Ljungström)
-  <https://github.com/mattiasljungstrom>`_,
-  `@joemmett (Jonathan Emmett) <https://github.com/joemmett>`_,
-  `@erengy (Eren Okka) <https://github.com/erengy>`_,
-  `@patlkli (Patrick Geltinger) <https://github.com/patlkli>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-8.0.0 - 2021-06-21
-------------------
-
-* Enabled compile-time format string checks by default.
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/sMxcohGjz>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:d}", "I am not a number");
-     }
-
-  gives a compile-time error on compilers with C++20 ``consteval`` support
-  (gcc 10+, clang 11+) because ``d`` is not a valid format specifier for a
-  string.
-
-  To pass a runtime string wrap it in ``fmt::runtime``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print(fmt::runtime("{:d}"), "I am not a number");
-
-* Added compile-time formatting
-  (`#2019 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2019>`_,
-  `#2044 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2044>`_,
-  `#2056 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2056>`_,
-  `#2072 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2072>`_,
-  `#2075 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2075>`_,
-  `#2078 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2078>`_,
-  `#2129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2129>`_,
-  `#2326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2326>`_).
-  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/Mxx9d89jM>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     consteval auto compile_time_itoa(int value) -> std::array<char, 10> {
-       auto result = std::array<char, 10>();
-       fmt::format_to(result.data(), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), value);
-       return result;
-     }
-
-     constexpr auto answer = compile_time_itoa(42);
-
-  Most of the formatting functionality is available at compile time with a
-  notable exception of floating-point numbers and pointers.
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Optimized handling of format specifiers during format string compilation.
-  For example, hexadecimal formatting (``"{:x}"``) is now 3-7x faster than
-  before when using ``format_to`` with format string compilation and a
-  stack-allocated buffer (`#1944 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1944>`_).
-
-  Before (7.1.3)::
-
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    FMTCompileOld/0                         15.5 ns         15.5 ns     43302898
-    FMTCompileOld/42                        16.6 ns         16.6 ns     43278267
-    FMTCompileOld/273123                    18.7 ns         18.6 ns     37035861
-    FMTCompileOld/9223372036854775807       19.4 ns         19.4 ns     35243000
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  After (8.x)::
-
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    FMTCompileNew/0                         1.99 ns         1.99 ns    360523686
-    FMTCompileNew/42                        2.33 ns         2.33 ns    279865664
-    FMTCompileNew/273123                    3.72 ns         3.71 ns    190230315
-    FMTCompileNew/9223372036854775807       5.28 ns         5.26 ns    130711631
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  It is even faster than ``std::to_chars`` from libc++ compiled with clang on
-  macOS::
-
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    ToChars/0                               4.42 ns         4.41 ns    160196630
-    ToChars/42                              5.00 ns         4.98 ns    140735201
-    ToChars/273123                          7.26 ns         7.24 ns     95784130
-    ToChars/9223372036854775807             8.77 ns         8.75 ns     75872534
-    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  In other cases, especially involving ``std::string`` construction, the
-  speed up is usually lower because handling format specifiers takes a smaller
-  fraction of the total time.
-
-* Added the ``_cf`` user-defined literal to represent a compiled format string.
-  It can be used instead of the ``FMT_COMPILE`` macro
-  (`#2043 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2043>`_,
-  `#2242 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2242>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     using namespace fmt::literals;
-     auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42); // 🙁 not modern
-     auto s = fmt::format("{}"_cf, 42);           // 🙂 modern as hell
-
-  It requires compiler support for class types in non-type template parameters
-  (a C++20 feature) which is available in GCC 9.3+.
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Format string compilation now requires ``format`` functions of ``formatter``
-  specializations for user-defined types to be ``const``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     template <> struct fmt::formatter<my_type>: formatter<string_view> {
-       template <typename FormatContext>
-       auto format(my_type obj, FormatContext& ctx) const {  // Note const here.
-         // ...
-       }
-     };
-
-* Added UDL-based named argument support to format string compilation
-  (`#2243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2243>`_,
-  `#2281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2281>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     using namespace fmt::literals;
-     auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{answer}"), "answer"_a = 42);
-
-  Here the argument named "answer" is resolved at compile time with no
-  runtime overhead.
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Added format string compilation support to ``fmt::print``
-  (`#2280 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2280>`_,
-  `#2304 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2304>`_).
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Added initial support for compiling {fmt} as a C++20 module
-  (`#2235 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2235>`_,
-  `#2240 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2240>`_,
-  `#2260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2260>`_,
-  `#2282 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2282>`_,
-  `#2283 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2283>`_,
-  `#2288 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2288>`_,
-  `#2298 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2298>`_,
-  `#2306 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2306>`_,
-  `#2307 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2307>`_,
-  `#2309 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2309>`_,
-  `#2318 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2318>`_,
-  `#2324 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2324>`_,
-  `#2332 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2332>`_,
-  `#2340 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2340>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Made symbols private by default reducing shared library size
-  (`#2301 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2301>`_). For example there was
-  a ~15% reported reduction on one platform.
-  Thanks `@sergiud (Sergiu Deitsch) <https://github.com/sergiud>`_.
-
-* Optimized includes making the result of preprocessing ``fmt/format.h``
-  ~20% smaller with libstdc++/C++20 and slightly improving build times
-  (`#1998 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1998>`_).
-
-* Added support of ranges with non-const ``begin`` / ``end``
-  (`#1953 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1953>`_).
-  Thanks `@kitegi (sarah) <https://github.com/kitegi>`_.
-
-* Added support of ``std::byte`` and other formattable types to ``fmt::join``
-  (`#1981 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1981>`_,
-  `#2040 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2040>`_,
-  `#2050 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2050>`_,
-  `#2262 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2262>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-     #include <cstddef>
-     #include <vector>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto bytes = std::vector{std::byte(4), std::byte(2)};
-       fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(bytes, ""));
-     }
-
-  prints "42".
-
-  Thanks `@kamibo (Camille Bordignon) <https://github.com/kamibo>`_.
-
-* Implemented the default format for ``std::chrono::system_clock``
-  (`#2319 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2319>`_,
-  `#2345 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2345>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{}", std::chrono::system_clock::now());
-     }
-
-  prints "2021-06-18 15:22:00" (the output depends on the current date and
-  time). Thanks `@sunmy2019 <https://github.com/sunmy2019>`_.
-
-* Made more chrono specifiers locale independent by default. Use the ``'L'``
-  specifier to get localized formatting. For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
-       auto monday = std::chrono::weekday(1);
-       fmt::print("{}\n", monday);   // prints "Mon"
-       fmt::print("{:L}\n", monday); // prints "пн"
-     }
-
-* Improved locale handling in chrono formatting
-  (`#2337 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2337>`_,
-  `#2349 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2349>`_,
-  `#2350 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2350>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Deprecated ``fmt/locale.h`` moving the formatting functions that take a
-  locale to ``fmt/format.h`` (``char``) and ``fmt/xchar`` (other overloads).
-  This doesn't introduce a dependency on ``<locale>`` so there is virtually no
-  compile time effect.
-
-* Deprecated an undocumented ``format_to`` overload that takes
-  ``basic_memory_buffer``.
-
-* Made parameter order in ``vformat_to`` consistent with ``format_to``
-  (`#2327 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2327>`_).
-
-* Added support for time points with arbitrary durations
-  (`#2208 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2208>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       using tp = std::chrono::time_point<
-         std::chrono::system_clock, std::chrono::seconds>;
-       fmt::print("{:%S}", tp(std::chrono::seconds(42)));
-     }
-
-  prints "42".
-
-* Formatting floating-point numbers no longer produces trailing zeros by default
-  for consistency with ``std::format``. For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{0:.3}", 1.1);
-     }
-
-  prints "1.1". Use the ``'#'`` specifier to keep trailing zeros.
-
-* Dropped a limit on the number of elements in a range and replaced ``{}`` with
-  ``[]`` as range delimiters for consistency with Python's ``str.format``.
-
-* The ``'L'`` specifier for locale-specific numeric formatting can now be
-  combined with presentation specifiers as in ``std::format``. For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-     #include <locale>
-
-     int main() {
-       std::locale::global(std::locale("fr_FR.UTF-8"));
-       fmt::print("{0:.2Lf}", 0.42);
-     }
-
-  prints "0,42". The deprecated ``'n'`` specifier has been removed.
-
-* Made the ``0`` specifier ignored for infinity and NaN
-  (`#2305 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2305>`_,
-  `#2310 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2310>`_).
-  Thanks `@Liedtke (Matthias Liedtke) <https://github.com/Liedtke>`_.
-
-* Made the hexfloat formatting use the right alignment by default
-  (`#2308 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2308>`_,
-  `#2317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2317>`_).
-  Thanks `@Liedtke (Matthias Liedtke) <https://github.com/Liedtke>`_.
-
-* Removed the deprecated numeric alignment (``'='``). Use the ``'0'`` specifier
-  instead.
-
-* Removed the deprecated ``fmt/posix.h`` header that has been replaced with
-  ``fmt/os.h``.
-
-* Removed the deprecated ``format_to_n_context``, ``format_to_n_args`` and
-  ``make_format_to_n_args``. They have been replaced with ``format_context``,
-  ``format_args` and ``make_format_args`` respectively.
-
-* Moved ``wchar_t``-specific functions and types to ``fmt/xchar.h``.
-  You can define ``FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_XCHAR`` to automatically include
-  ``fmt/xchar.h`` from ``fmt/format.h`` but this will be disabled in the next
-  major release.
-
-* Fixed handling of the ``'+'`` specifier in localized formatting
-  (`#2133 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2133>`_).
-
-* Added support for the ``'s'`` format specifier that gives textual
-  representation of ``bool``
-  (`#2094 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2094>`_,
-  `#2109 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2109>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:s}", true);
-     }
-
-  prints "true".
-  Thanks `@powercoderlol (Ivan Polyakov) <https://github.com/powercoderlol>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::ptr`` work with function pointers
-  (`#2131 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2131>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("My main: {}\n", fmt::ptr(main));
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@mikecrowe (Mike Crowe) <https://github.com/mikecrowe>`_.
-
-* The undocumented support for specializing ``formatter`` for pointer types
-  has been removed.
-
-* Fixed ``fmt::formatted_size`` with format string compilation
-  (`#2141 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2141>`_,
-  `#2161 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2161>`_).
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of empty format strings during format string compilation
-  (`#2042 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2042>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE(""));
-
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of enums in ``fmt::to_string``
-  (`#2036 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2036>`_).
-
-* Improved width computation
-  (`#2033 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2033>`_,
-  `#2091 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2091>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:-<10}{}\n", "你好", "世界");
-       fmt::print("{:-<10}{}\n", "hello", "world");
-     }
-
-  prints
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             119840373-cea3ca80-beb9-11eb-91e0-54266c48e181.png
-
-  on a modern terminal.
-
-* The experimental fast output stream (``fmt::ostream``) is now truncated by
-  default for consistency with ``fopen``
-  (`#2018 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2018>`_). For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/os.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::ostream out1 = fmt::output_file("guide");
-       out1.print("Zaphod");
-       out1.close();
-       fmt::ostream out2 = fmt::output_file("guide");
-       out2.print("Ford");
-     }
-
-  writes "Ford" to the file "guide". To preserve the old file content if any
-  pass ``fmt::file::WRONLY | fmt::file::CREATE`` flags to ``fmt::output_file``.
-
-* Fixed moving of ``fmt::ostream`` that holds buffered data
-  (`#2197 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2197>`_,
-  `#2198 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2198>`_).
-  Thanks `@vtta <https://github.com/vtta>`_.
-
-* Replaced the ``fmt::system_error`` exception with a function of the same
-  name that constructs ``std::system_error``
-  (`#2266 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2266>`_).
-
-* Replaced the ``fmt::windows_error`` exception with a function of the same
-  name that constructs ``std::system_error`` with the category returned by
-  ``fmt::system_category()``
-  (`#2274 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2274>`_,
-  `#2275 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2275>`_).
-  The latter is similar to ``std::sytem_category`` but correctly handles UTF-8.
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Replaced ``fmt::error_code`` with ``std::error_code`` and made it formattable
-  (`#2269 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2269>`_,
-  `#2270 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2270>`_,
-  `#2273 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2273>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
- 
-* Added speech synthesis support
-  (`#2206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2206>`_).
-
-* Made ``format_to`` work with a memory buffer that has a custom allocator
-  (`#2300 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2300>`_).
-  Thanks `@voxmea <https://github.com/voxmea>`_.
-
-* Added ``Allocator::max_size`` support to ``basic_memory_buffer``.
-  (`#1960 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1960>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Added wide string support to ``fmt::join``
-  (`#2236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2236>`_).
-  Thanks `@crbrz <https://github.com/crbrz>`_.
-
-* Made iterators passed to ``formatter`` specializations via a format context
-  satisfy C++20 ``std::output_iterator`` requirements
-  (`#2156 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2156>`_,
-  `#2158 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2158>`_,
-  `#2195 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2195>`_,
-  `#2204 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2204>`_).
-  Thanks `@randomnetcat (Jason Cobb) <https://github.com/randomnetcat>`_.
-
-* Optimized the ``printf`` implementation
-  (`#1982 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1982>`_,
-  `#1984 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1984>`_,
-  `#2016 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2016>`_,
-  `#2164 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2164>`_).
-  Thanks `@rimathia <https://github.com/rimathia>`_ and
-  `@moiwi <https://github.com/moiwi>`_.
-
-* Improved detection of ``constexpr`` ``char_traits``
-  (`#2246 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2246>`_,
-  `#2257 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2257>`_).
-  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
-
-* Fixed writing to ``stdout`` when it is redirected to ``NUL`` on Windows
-  (`#2080 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2080>`_).
-
-* Fixed exception propagation from iterators
-  (`#2097 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2097>`_).
-  
-* Improved ``strftime`` error handling 
-  (`#2238 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2238>`_,
-  `#2244 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2244>`_).
-  Thanks `@yumeyao <https://github.com/yumeyao>`_.
-
-* Stopped using deprecated GCC UDL template extension.
-
-* Added ``fmt/args.h`` to the install target
-  (`#2096 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2096>`_).
-
-* Error messages are now passed to assert when exceptions are disabled
-  (`#2145 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2145>`_).
-  Thanks `@NobodyXu (Jiahao XU) <https://github.com/NobodyXu>`_.
-
-* Added the ``FMT_MASTER_PROJECT`` CMake option to control build and install
-  targets when {fmt} is included via ``add_subdirectory``
-  (`#2098 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2098>`_,
-  `#2100 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2100>`_).
-  Thanks `@randomizedthinking <https://github.com/randomizedthinking>`_.
-
-* Improved build configuration
-  (`#2026 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2026>`_,
-  `#2122 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2122>`_).
-  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_ and
-  `@ibaned (Dan Ibanez) <https://github.com/ibaned>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#1947 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1947>`_,
-  `#1959 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1959>`_,
-  `#1963 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1963>`_,
-  `#1965 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1965>`_,
-  `#1966 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1966>`_,
-  `#1974 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1974>`_,
-  `#1975 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1975>`_,
-  `#1990 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1990>`_,
-  `#2000 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2000>`_,
-  `#2001 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2001>`_,
-  `#2002 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2002>`_,
-  `#2004 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2004>`_,
-  `#2006 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2006>`_,
-  `#2009 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2009>`_,
-  `#2010 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2010>`_,
-  `#2038 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2038>`_,
-  `#2039 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2039>`_,
-  `#2047 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2047>`_,
-  `#2053 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2053>`_,
-  `#2059 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2059>`_,
-  `#2065 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2065>`_,
-  `#2067 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2067>`_,
-  `#2068 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2068>`_,
-  `#2073 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2073>`_,
-  `#2103 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2103>`_,
-  `#2105 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2105>`_,
-  `#2106 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2106>`_,
-  `#2107 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2107>`_,
-  `#2116 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2116>`_,
-  `#2117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2117>`_,
-  `#2118 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2118>`_,
-  `#2119 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2119>`_,
-  `#2127 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2127>`_,
-  `#2128 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2128>`_,
-  `#2140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2140>`_,
-  `#2142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2142>`_,
-  `#2143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2143>`_,
-  `#2144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2144>`_,
-  `#2147 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2147>`_,
-  `#2148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2148>`_,
-  `#2149 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2149>`_,
-  `#2152 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2152>`_,
-  `#2160 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2160>`_,
-  `#2170 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2170>`_,
-  `#2175 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2175>`_,
-  `#2176 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2176>`_,
-  `#2177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2177>`_,
-  `#2178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2178>`_,
-  `#2179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2179>`_,
-  `#2180 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2180>`_,
-  `#2181 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2181>`_,
-  `#2183 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2183>`_,
-  `#2184 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2184>`_,
-  `#2185 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2185>`_,
-  `#2186 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2186>`_,
-  `#2187 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2187>`_,
-  `#2190 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2190>`_,
-  `#2192 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2192>`_,
-  `#2194 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2194>`_,
-  `#2205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2205>`_,
-  `#2210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2210>`_,
-  `#2211 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2211>`_,
-  `#2215 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2215>`_,
-  `#2216 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2216>`_,
-  `#2218 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2218>`_,
-  `#2220 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2220>`_,
-  `#2228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2228>`_,
-  `#2229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2229>`_,
-  `#2230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2230>`_,
-  `#2233 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2233>`_,
-  `#2239 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2239>`_,
-  `#2248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2248>`_,
-  `#2252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2252>`_,
-  `#2253 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2253>`_,
-  `#2255 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2255>`_,
-  `#2261 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2261>`_,
-  `#2278 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2278>`_,
-  `#2284 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2284>`_,
-  `#2287 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2287>`_,
-  `#2289 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2289>`_,
-  `#2290 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2290>`_,
-  `#2293 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2293>`_,
-  `#2295 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2295>`_,
-  `#2296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2296>`_,
-  `#2297 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2297>`_,
-  `#2311 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2311>`_,
-  `#2313 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2313>`_,
-  `#2315 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2315>`_,
-  `#2320 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2320>`_,
-  `#2321 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2321>`_,
-  `#2323 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2323>`_,
-  `#2328 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2328>`_,
-  `#2329 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2329>`_,
-  `#2333 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2333>`_,
-  `#2338 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2338>`_,
-  `#2341 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2341>`_).
-  Thanks `@darklukee <https://github.com/darklukee>`_,
-  `@fagg (Ashton Fagg) <https://github.com/fagg>`_,
-  `@killerbot242 (Lieven de Cock) <https://github.com/killerbot242>`_,
-  `@jgopel (Jonathan Gopel) <https://github.com/jgopel>`_,
-  `@yeswalrus (Walter Gray) <https://github.com/yeswalrus>`_,
-  `@Finkman <https://github.com/Finkman>`_,
-  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers) <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_,
-  `@dkavolis (Daumantas Kavolis) <https://github.com/dkavolis>`_,
-  `@concatime (Issam Maghni) <https://github.com/concatime>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@summivox (Yin Zhong) <https://github.com/summivox>`_,
-  `@yNeo <https://github.com/yNeo>`_,
-  `@Apache-HB (Elliot) <https://github.com/Apache-HB>`_,
-  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_,
-  `@toojays (John Steele Scott) <https://github.com/toojays>`_,
-  `@Brainy0207 <https://github.com/Brainy0207>`_,
-  `@vadz (VZ) <https://github.com/vadz>`_,
-  `@imsherlock (Ryan Sherlock) <https://github.com/imsherlock>`_,
-  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
-  `@white238 (Chris White) <https://github.com/white238>`_,
-  `@yafshar (Yaser Afshar) <https://github.com/yafshar>`_,
-  `@BillyDonahue (Billy Donahue) <https://github.com/BillyDonahue>`_,
-  `@jstaahl <https://github.com/jstaahl>`_,
-  `@denchat <https://github.com/denchat>`_,
-  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  `@ilyakurdyukov (Ilya Kurdyukov) <https://github.com/ilyakurdyukov>`_,
-  `@ilmai <https://github.com/ilmai>`_,
-  `@JessyDL (Jessy De Lannoit) <https://github.com/JessyDL>`_,
-  `@sergiud (Sergiu Deitsch) <https://github.com/sergiud>`_,
-  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
-  `@sven-herrmann <https://github.com/sven-herrmann>`_,
-  `@jmelas (John Melas) <https://github.com/jmelas>`_,
-  `@twoixter (Jose Miguel Pérez) <https://github.com/twoixter>`_,
-  `@crbrz <https://github.com/crbrz>`_,
-  `@upsj (Tobias Ribizel) <https://github.com/upsj>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#1986 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1986>`_,
-  `#2051 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2051>`_,
-  `#2057 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2057>`_,
-  `#2081 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2081>`_,
-  `#2084 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2084>`_,
-  `#2312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2312>`_).
-  Thanks `@imba-tjd (谭九鼎) <https://github.com/imba-tjd>`_,
-  `@0x416c69 (AlιAѕѕaѕѕιN) <https://github.com/0x416c69>`_,
-  `@mordante <https://github.com/mordante>`_.
-
-* Continuous integration and test improvements
-  (`#1969 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1969>`_,
-  `#1991 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1991>`_,
-  `#2020 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2020>`_,
-  `#2110 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2110>`_,
-  `#2114 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2114>`_,
-  `#2196 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2196>`_,
-  `#2217 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2217>`_,
-  `#2247 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2247>`_,
-  `#2256 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2256>`_,
-  `#2336 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2336>`_,
-  `#2346 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2346>`_).
-  Thanks `@jgopel (Jonathan Gopel) <https://github.com/jgopel>`_,
-  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_ and
-  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-  
-7.1.3 - 2020-11-24
-------------------
-
-* Fixed handling of buffer boundaries in ``format_to_n``
-  (`#1996 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1996>`_,
-  `#2029 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2029>`_).
-
-* Fixed linkage errors when linking with a shared library
-  (`#2011 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2011>`_).
-
-* Reintroduced ostream support to range formatters
-  (`#2014 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2014>`_).
-
-* Worked around an issue with mixing std versions in gcc
-  (`#2017 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2017>`_).
-
-7.1.2 - 2020-11-04
-------------------
-
-* Fixed floating point formatting with large precision
-  (`#1976 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1976>`_).
-
-7.1.1 - 2020-11-01
-------------------
-
-* Fixed ABI compatibility with 7.0.x
-  (`#1961 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1961>`_).
-
-* Added the ``FMT_ARM_ABI_COMPATIBILITY`` macro to work around ABI
-  incompatibility between GCC and Clang on ARM
-  (`#1919 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1919>`_).
-
-* Worked around a SFINAE bug in GCC 8
-  (`#1957 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1957>`_).
-
-* Fixed linkage errors when building with GCC's LTO
-  (`#1955 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1955>`_).
-
-* Fixed a compilation error when building without ``__builtin_clz`` or equivalent
-  (`#1968 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1968>`_).
-  Thanks `@tohammer (Tobias Hammer) <https://github.com/tohammer>`_.
-
-* Fixed a sign conversion warning
-  (`#1964 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1964>`_).
-  Thanks `@OptoCloud <https://github.com/OptoCloud>`_.
-
-7.1.0 - 2020-10-25
-------------------
-
-* Switched from `Grisu3
-  <https://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/cs257/archive/florian-loitsch/printf.pdf>`_
-  to `Dragonbox <https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox>`_ for the default
-  floating-point formatting which gives the shortest decimal representation
-  with round-trip guarantee and correct rounding
-  (`#1882 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1882>`_,
-  `#1887 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1887>`_,
-  `#1894 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1894>`_). This makes {fmt} up to
-  20-30x faster than common implementations of ``std::ostringstream`` and
-  ``sprintf`` on `dtoa-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_
-  and faster than double-conversion and Ryū:
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png
-
-  It is possible to get even better performance at the cost of larger binary
-  size by compiling with the ``FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX`` macro set to 1.
-
-  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
-
-* Added an experimental unsynchronized file output API which, together with
-  `format string compilation <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#compile-api>`_,
-  can give `5-9 times speed up compared to fprintf
-  <https://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html>`_
-  on common platforms (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/nsTcG8>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/os.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto f = fmt::output_file("guide");
-       f.print("The answer is {}.", 42);
-     }
-
-* Added a formatter for ``std::chrono::time_point<system_clock>``
-  (`#1819 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1819>`_,
-  `#1837 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1837>`_). For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/c4M6fh>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
-       fmt::print("The time is {:%H:%M:%S}.\n", now);
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@adamburgess (Adam Burgess) <https://github.com/adamburgess>`_.
-
-* Added support for ranges with non-const ``begin``/``end`` to ``fmt::join``
-  (`#1784 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1784>`_,
-  `#1786 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1786>`_). For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/jP63Tv>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-     #include <range/v3/view/filter.hpp>
-
-     int main() {
-       using std::literals::string_literals::operator""s;
-       auto strs = std::array{"a"s, "bb"s, "ccc"s};
-       auto range = strs | ranges::views::filter(
-         [] (const std::string &x) { return x.size() != 2; }
-       );
-       fmt::print("{}\n", fmt::join(range, ""));
-     }
-
-  prints "accc".
-
-  Thanks `@tonyelewis (Tony E Lewis) <https://github.com/tonyelewis>`_.
-
-* Added a ``memory_buffer::append`` overload that takes a range
-  (`#1806 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1806>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Improved handling of single code units in ``FMT_COMPILE``. For example:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     char* f(char* buf) {
-       return fmt::format_to(buf, FMT_COMPILE("x{}"), 42);
-     }
-
-  compiles to just (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/5vncz3>`__):
-
-  .. code:: asm
-
-     _Z1fPc:
-       movb $120, (%rdi)
-       xorl %edx, %edx
-       cmpl $42, _ZN3fmt2v76detail10basic_dataIvE23zero_or_powers_of_10_32E+8(%rip)
-       movl $3, %eax
-       seta %dl
-       subl %edx, %eax
-       movzwl _ZN3fmt2v76detail10basic_dataIvE6digitsE+84(%rip), %edx
-       cltq
-       addq %rdi, %rax
-       movw %dx, -2(%rax)
-       ret
-
-  Here a single ``mov`` instruction writes ``'x'`` (``$120``) to the output
-  buffer.
-
-* Added dynamic width support to format string compilation
-  (`#1809 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1809>`_).
-
-* Improved error reporting for unformattable types: now you'll get the type name
-  directly in the error message instead of the note:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     struct how_about_no {};
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{}", how_about_no());
-     }
-
-  Error (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/GoxM4e>`__):
-
-  ``fmt/core.h:1438:3: error: static_assert failed due to requirement
-  'fmt::v7::formattable<how_about_no>()' "Cannot format an argument.
-  To make type T formattable provide a formatter<T> specialization:
-  https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt"
-  ...``
-
-* Added the `make_args_checked <https://fmt.dev/7.1.0/api.html#argument-lists>`_
-  function template that allows you to write formatting functions with
-  compile-time format string checks and avoid binary code bloat
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/PEf9qr>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     void vlog(const char* file, int line, fmt::string_view format,
-               fmt::format_args args) {
-       fmt::print("{}: {}: ", file, line);
-       fmt::vprint(format, args);
-     }
-
-     template <typename S, typename... Args>
-     void log(const char* file, int line, const S& format, Args&&... args) {
-       vlog(file, line, format,
-           fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format, args...));
-     }
-
-     #define MY_LOG(format, ...) \
-       log(__FILE__, __LINE__, FMT_STRING(format), __VA_ARGS__)
-
-     MY_LOG("invalid squishiness: {}", 42);
-
-* Replaced ``snprintf`` fallback with a faster internal IEEE 754 ``float`` and
-  ``double`` formatter for arbitrary precision. For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/dPhWvj>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:.500}\n", 4.9406564584124654E-324);
-     }
-
-  prints
-
-  ``4.9406564584124654417656879286822137236505980261432476442558568250067550727020875186529983636163599237979656469544571773092665671035593979639877479601078187812630071319031140452784581716784898210368871863605699873072305000638740915356498438731247339727316961514003171538539807412623856559117102665855668676818703956031062493194527159149245532930545654440112748012970999954193198940908041656332452475714786901472678015935523861155013480352649347201937902681071074917033322268447533357208324319360923829e-324``.
-
-* Made ``format_to_n`` and ``formatted_size`` part of the `core API
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#core-api>`__
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/sPjY1K>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       char buffer[10];
-       auto result = fmt::format_to_n(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "{}", 42);
-     }
-
-* Added ``fmt::format_to_n`` overload with format string compilation
-  (`#1764 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1764>`_,
-  `#1767 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1767>`_,
-  `#1869 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1869>`_). For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/93h86q>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       char buffer[8];
-       fmt::format_to_n(buffer, sizeof(buffer), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@Kurkin (Dmitry Kurkin) <https://github.com/Kurkin>`_,
-  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Added ``fmt::format_to`` overload that take ``text_style``
-  (`#1593 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1593>`_,
-  `#1842 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1842>`_,
-  `#1843 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1843>`_). For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/91153r>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       std::string out;
-       fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
-                      fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-                      "The answer is {}.", 42);
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@Naios (Denis Blank) <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
-
-* Made the ``'#'`` specifier emit trailing zeros in addition to the decimal
-  point (`#1797 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1797>`_). For example
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/bhdcW9>`__):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{:#.2g}", 0.5);
-     }
-
-  prints ``0.50``.
-
-* Changed the default floating point format to not include ``.0`` for
-  consistency with ``std::format`` and ``std::to_chars``
-  (`#1893 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1893>`_,
-  `#1943 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1943>`_). It is possible to get
-  the decimal point and trailing zero with the ``#`` specifier.
-
-* Fixed an issue with floating-point formatting that could result in addition of
-  a non-significant trailing zero in rare cases e.g. ``1.00e-34`` instead of
-  ``1.0e-34`` (`#1873 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1873>`_,
-  `#1917 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1917>`_).
-
-* Made ``fmt::to_string`` fallback on ``ostream`` insertion operator if
-  the ``formatter`` specialization is not provided
-  (`#1815 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1815>`_,
-  `#1829 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1829>`_).
-  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
-
-* Added support for the append mode to the experimental file API and
-  improved ``fcntl.h`` detection.
-  (`#1847 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1847>`_,
-  `#1848 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1848>`_).
-  Thanks `@t-wiser <https://github.com/t-wiser>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of types that have both an implicit conversion operator and
-  an overloaded ``ostream`` insertion operator
-  (`#1766 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1766>`_).
-
-* Fixed a slicing issue in an internal iterator type
-  (`#1822 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1822>`_).
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Fixed an issue in locale-specific integer formatting
-  (`#1927 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1927>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of exotic code unit types
-  (`#1870 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1870>`_,
-  `#1932 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1932>`_).
-
-* Improved ``FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE``
-  (`#1878 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1878>`_).
-  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
-
-* Removed dependency on ``windows.h``
-  (`#1900 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1900>`_).
-  Thanks `@bernd5 (Bernd Baumanns) <https://github.com/bernd5>`_.
-
-* Optimized counting of decimal digits on MSVC
-  (`#1890 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1890>`_).
-  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#1772 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1772>`_,
-  `#1775 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1775>`_,
-  `#1792 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1792>`_,
-  `#1838 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1838>`_,
-  `#1888 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1888>`_,
-  `#1918 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1918>`_,
-  `#1939 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1939>`_).
-  Thanks `@leolchat (Léonard Gérard) <https://github.com/leolchat>`_,
-  `@pepsiman (Malcolm Parsons) <https://github.com/pepsiman>`_,
-  `@Klaim (Joël Lamotte) <https://github.com/Klaim>`_,
-  `@ravijanjam (Ravi J) <https://github.com/ravijanjam>`_,
-  `@francesco-st <https://github.com/francesco-st>`_,
-  `@udnaan (Adnan) <https://github.com/udnaan>`_.
-
-* Added the ``FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS`` CMake option that reduces the
-  binary code size at the cost of some integer formatting performance. This can
-  be useful for extremely memory-constrained embedded systems
-  (`#1778 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1778>`_,
-  `#1781 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1781>`_).
-  Thanks `@kammce (Khalil Estell) <https://github.com/kammce>`_.
-
-* Added the ``FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES`` macro to control usage of inline
-  namespaces (`#1945 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1945>`_).
-  Thanks `@darklukee <https://github.com/darklukee>`_.
-
-* Improved build configuration
-  (`#1760 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1760>`_,
-  `#1770 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1770>`_,
-  `#1779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1779>`_,
-  `#1783 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1783>`_,
-  `#1823 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1823>`_).
-  Thanks `@dvetutnev (Dmitriy Vetutnev) <https://github.com/dvetutnev>`_,
-  `@xvitaly (Vitaly Zaitsev) <https://github.com/xvitaly>`_,
-  `@tambry (Raul Tambre) <https://github.com/tambry>`_,
-  `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_,
-  `@martinwuehrer (Martin Wührer) <https://github.com/martinwuehrer>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#1790 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1790>`_,
-  `#1802 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1802>`_,
-  `#1808 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1808>`_,
-  `#1810 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1810>`_,
-  `#1811 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1811>`_,
-  `#1812 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1812>`_,
-  `#1814 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1814>`_,
-  `#1816 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1816>`_,
-  `#1817 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1817>`_,
-  `#1818 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1818>`_,
-  `#1825 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1825>`_,
-  `#1836 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1836>`_,
-  `#1855 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1855>`_,
-  `#1856 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1856>`_,
-  `#1860 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1860>`_,
-  `#1877 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1877>`_,
-  `#1879 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1879>`_,
-  `#1880 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1880>`_,
-  `#1896 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1896>`_,
-  `#1897 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1897>`_,
-  `#1898 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1898>`_,
-  `#1904 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1904>`_,
-  `#1908 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1908>`_,
-  `#1911 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1911>`_,
-  `#1912 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1912>`_,
-  `#1928 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1928>`_,
-  `#1929 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1929>`_,
-  `#1935 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1935>`_,
-  `#1937 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1937>`_,
-  `#1942 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1942>`_,
-  `#1949 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1949>`_).
-  Thanks `@TheQwertiest <https://github.com/TheQwertiest>`_,
-  `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_,
-  `@martinwuehrer (Martin Wührer) <https://github.com/martinwuehrer>`_,
-  `@n16h7hunt3r <https://github.com/n16h7hunt3r>`_,
-  `@Othereum (Seokjin Lee) <https://github.com/Othereum>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@AlexanderLanin (Alexander Lanin) <https://github.com/AlexanderLanin>`_,
-  `@gcerretani (Giovanni Cerretani) <https://github.com/gcerretani>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@noizefloor (Jan Schwers) <https://github.com/noizefloor>`_,
-  `@akohlmey (Axel Kohlmeyer) <https://github.com/akohlmey>`_,
-  `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_,
-  `@rimathia <https://github.com/rimathia>`_,
-  `@rglarix (Riccardo Ghetta (larix)) <https://github.com/rglarix>`_,
-  `@moiwi <https://github.com/moiwi>`_,
-  `@heckad (Kazantcev Andrey) <https://github.com/heckad>`_,
-  `@MarcDirven <https://github.com/MarcDirven>`_.
-  `@BartSiwek (Bart Siwek) <https://github.com/BartSiwek>`_,
-  `@darklukee <https://github.com/darklukee>`_.
-
-7.0.3 - 2020-08-06
-------------------
-
-* Worked around broken ``numeric_limits`` for 128-bit integers
-  (`#1787 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1787>`_).
-
-* Added error reporting on missing named arguments
-  (`#1796 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1796>`_).
-
-* Stopped using 128-bit integers with clang-cl
-  (`#1800 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1800>`_).
-  Thanks `@Kingcom <https://github.com/Kingcom>`_.
-
-* Fixed issues in locale-specific integer formatting
-  (`#1782 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1782>`_,
-  `#1801 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1801>`_).
-
-7.0.2 - 2020-07-29
-------------------
-
-* Worked around broken ``numeric_limits`` for 128-bit integers
-  (`#1725 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1725>`_).
-
-* Fixed compatibility with CMake 3.4
-  (`#1779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1779>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of digit separators in locale-specific formatting
-  (`#1782 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1782>`_).
-
-7.0.1 - 2020-07-07
-------------------
-
-* Updated the inline version namespace name.
-
-* Worked around a gcc bug in mangling of alias templates
-  (`#1753 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1753>`_).
-
-* Fixed a linkage error on Windows
-  (`#1757 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1757>`_).
-  Thanks `@Kurkin (Dmitry Kurkin) <https://github.com/Kurkin>`_.
-
-* Fixed minor issues with the documentation.
-
-7.0.0 - 2020-07-05
-------------------
-
-* Reduced the library size. For example, on macOS a stripped test binary
-  statically linked with {fmt} `shrank from ~368k to less than 100k
-  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/05/21/reducing-library-size.html>`_.
-
-* Added a simpler and more efficient `format string compilation API
-  <https://fmt.dev/7.0.0/api.html#compile-api>`_:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
-     // runtime format string processing.
-     std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
-
-  The old ``fmt::compile`` API is now deprecated.
-
-* Optimized integer formatting: ``format_to`` with format string compilation
-  and a stack-allocated buffer is now `faster than to_chars on both
-  libc++ and libstdc++
-  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_.
-
-* Optimized handling of small format strings. For example,
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-      fmt::format("Result: {}: ({},{},{},{})", str1, str2, str3, str4, str5)
-
-  is now ~40% faster (`#1685 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1685>`_).
-
-* Applied extern templates to improve compile times when using the core API
-  and ``fmt/format.h`` (`#1452 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1452>`_).
-  For example, on macOS with clang the compile time of a test translation unit
-  dropped from 2.3s to 0.3s with ``-O2`` and from 0.6s to 0.3s with the default
-  settings (``-O0``).
-
-  Before (``-O2``)::
-
-    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2
-    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2  2.22s user 0.08s system 99% cpu 2.311 total
-
-  After (``-O2``)::
-
-    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2
-    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2  0.26s user 0.04s system 98% cpu 0.303 total
-
-  Before (default)::
-
-    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17
-    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17  0.53s user 0.06s system 98% cpu 0.601 total
-
-  After (default)::
-
-    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17
-    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17  0.24s user 0.06s system 98% cpu 0.301 total
-
-  It is still recommended to use ``fmt/core.h`` instead of ``fmt/format.h`` but
-  the compile time difference is now smaller. Thanks
-  `@alex3d <https://github.com/alex3d>`_ for the suggestion.
-
-* Named arguments are now stored on stack (no dynamic memory allocations) and
-  the compiled code is more compact and efficient. For example
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("The answer is {answer}\n", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
-     }
-
-  compiles to just (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/NcfEp_>`__)
-
-  .. code:: asm
-
-      .LC0:
-              .string "answer"
-      .LC1:
-              .string "The answer is {answer}\n"
-      main:
-              sub     rsp, 56
-              mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1
-              mov     esi, 23
-              movabs  rdx, 4611686018427387905
-              lea     rax, [rsp+32]
-              lea     rcx, [rsp+16]
-              mov     QWORD PTR [rsp+8], 1
-              mov     QWORD PTR [rsp], rax
-              mov     DWORD PTR [rsp+16], 42
-              mov     QWORD PTR [rsp+32], OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
-              mov     DWORD PTR [rsp+40], 0
-              call    fmt::v6::vprint(fmt::v6::basic_string_view<char>,
-                                      fmt::v6::format_args)
-              xor     eax, eax
-              add     rsp, 56
-              ret
-
-          .L.str.1:
-                  .asciz  "answer"
-
-* Implemented compile-time checks for dynamic width and precision
-  (`#1614 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1614>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print(FMT_STRING("{0:{1}}"), 42);
-     }
-
-  now gives a compilation error because argument 1 doesn't exist::
-
-    In file included from test.cc:1:
-    include/fmt/format.h:2726:27: error: constexpr variable 'invalid_format' must be
-    initialized by a constant expression
-      FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL bool invalid_format =
-                              ^
-    ...
-    include/fmt/core.h:569:26: note: in call to
-    '&checker(s, {}).context_->on_error(&"argument not found"[0])'
-        if (id >= num_args_) on_error("argument not found");
-                            ^
-
-* Added sentinel support to ``fmt::join``
-  (`#1689 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1689>`_)
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    struct zstring_sentinel {};
-    bool operator==(const char* p, zstring_sentinel) { return *p == '\0'; }
-    bool operator!=(const char* p, zstring_sentinel) { return *p != '\0'; }
-
-    struct zstring {
-      const char* p;
-      const char* begin() const { return p; }
-      zstring_sentinel end() const { return {}; }
-    };
-
-    auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::join(zstring{"hello"}, "_"));
-    // s == "h_e_l_l_o"
-
-  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
-
-* Added support for named arguments, ``clear`` and ``reserve`` to
-  ``dynamic_format_arg_store``
-  (`#1655 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1655>`_,
-  `#1663 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1663>`_,
-  `#1674 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1674>`_,
-  `#1677 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1677>`_).
-  Thanks `@vsolontsov-ll (Vladimir Solontsov)
-  <https://github.com/vsolontsov-ll>`_.
-
-* Added support for the ``'c'`` format specifier to integral types for
-  compatibility with ``std::format``
-  (`#1652 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1652>`_).
-
-* Replaced the ``'n'`` format specifier with ``'L'`` for compatibility with
-  ``std::format`` (`#1624 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1624>`_).
-  The ``'n'`` specifier can be enabled via the ``FMT_DEPRECATED_N_SPECIFIER``
-  macro.
-
-* The ``'='`` format specifier is now disabled by default for compatibility with
-  ``std::format``. It can be enabled via the ``FMT_DEPRECATED_NUMERIC_ALIGN``
-  macro.
-
-* Removed the following deprecated APIs:
-
-  * ``FMT_STRING_ALIAS`` and ``fmt`` macros - replaced by ``FMT_STRING``
-  * ``fmt::basic_string_view::char_type`` - replaced by
-    ``fmt::basic_string_view::value_type``
-  * ``convert_to_int``
-  * ``format_arg_store::types``
-  * ``*parse_context`` - replaced by ``*format_parse_context``
-  * ``FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_OS``
-  * ``FMT_DEPRECATED_PERCENT`` - incompatible with ``std::format``
-  * ``*writer`` - replaced by compiled format API
-
-* Renamed the ``internal`` namespace to ``detail``
-  (`#1538 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1538>`_). The former is still
-  provided as an alias if the ``FMT_USE_INTERNAL`` macro is defined.
-
-* Improved compatibility between ``fmt::printf`` with the standard specs
-  (`#1595 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1595>`_,
-  `#1682 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1682>`_,
-  `#1683 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1683>`_,
-  `#1687 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1687>`_,
-  `#1699 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1699>`_).
-  Thanks `@rimathia <https://github.com/rimathia>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of ``operator<<`` overloads that use ``copyfmt``
-  (`#1666 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1666>`_).
-
-* Added the ``FMT_OS`` CMake option to control inclusion of OS-specific APIs
-  in the fmt target. This can be useful for embedded platforms
-  (`#1654 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1654>`_,
-  `#1656 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1656>`_).
-  Thanks `@kwesolowski (Krzysztof Wesolowski)
-  <https://github.com/kwesolowski>`_.
-
-* Replaced ``FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION`` with the ``FMT_FUZZ``
-  macro to prevent interfering with fuzzing of projects using {fmt}
-  (`#1650 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1650>`_).
-  Thanks `@asraa (Asra Ali) <https://github.com/asraa>`_.
-
-* Fixed compatibility with emscripten
-  (`#1636 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1636>`_,
-  `#1637 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1637>`_).
-  Thanks `@ArthurSonzogni (Arthur Sonzogni)
-  <https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#704 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/704>`_,
-  `#1643 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1643>`_,
-  `#1660 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1660>`_,
-  `#1681 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1681>`_,
-  `#1691 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1691>`_,
-  `#1706 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1706>`_,
-  `#1714 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1714>`_,
-  `#1721 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1721>`_,
-  `#1739 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1739>`_,
-  `#1740 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1740>`_,
-  `#1741 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1741>`_,
-  `#1751 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1751>`_).
-  Thanks `@senior7515 (Alexander Gallego) <https://github.com/senior7515>`_,
-  `@lsr0 (Lindsay Roberts) <https://github.com/lsr0>`_,
-  `@puetzk (Kevin Puetz) <https://github.com/puetzk>`_,
-  `@fpelliccioni (Fernando Pelliccioni) <https://github.com/fpelliccioni>`_,
-  Alexey Kuzmenko, `@jelly (jelle van der Waa) <https://github.com/jelly>`_,
-  `@claremacrae (Clare Macrae) <https://github.com/claremacrae>`_,
-  `@jiapengwen (文佳鹏) <https://github.com/jiapengwen>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@alexey-milovidov <https://github.com/alexey-milovidov>`_.
-
-* Implemented various build configuration fixes and improvements
-  (`#1603 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1603>`_,
-  `#1657 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1657>`_,
-  `#1702 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1702>`_,
-  `#1728 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1728>`_).
-  Thanks `@scramsby (Scott Ramsby) <https://github.com/scramsby>`_,
-  `@jtojnar (Jan Tojnar) <https://github.com/jtojnar>`_,
-  `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_,
-  `@flagarde <https://github.com/flagarde>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#1616 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1616>`_,
-  `#1620 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1620>`_,
-  `#1622 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1622>`_,
-  `#1625 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1625>`_,
-  `#1627 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1627>`_,
-  `#1628 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1628>`_,
-  `#1629 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1629>`_,
-  `#1631 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1631>`_,
-  `#1633 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1633>`_,
-  `#1649 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1649>`_,
-  `#1658 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1658>`_,
-  `#1661 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1661>`_,
-  `#1667 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1667>`_,
-  `#1668 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1668>`_,
-  `#1669 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1669>`_,
-  `#1692 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1692>`_,
-  `#1696 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1696>`_,
-  `#1697 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1697>`_,
-  `#1707 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1707>`_,
-  `#1712 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1712>`_,
-  `#1716 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1716>`_,
-  `#1722 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1722>`_,
-  `#1724 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1724>`_,
-  `#1729 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1729>`_,
-  `#1738 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1738>`_,
-  `#1742 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1742>`_,
-  `#1743 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1743>`_,
-  `#1744 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1744>`_,
-  `#1747 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1747>`_,
-  `#1750 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1750>`_).
-  Thanks `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
-  `@johnor (Johan) <https://github.com/johnor>`_,
-  `@Kurkin (Dmitry Kurkin) <https://github.com/Kurkin>`_,
-  `@invexed (James Beach) <https://github.com/invexed>`_,
-  `@peterbell10 <https://github.com/peterbell10>`_,
-  `@daixtrose (Markus Werle) <https://github.com/daixtrose>`_,
-  `@petrutlucian94 (Lucian Petrut) <https://github.com/petrutlucian94>`_,
-  `@Neargye (Daniil Goncharov) <https://github.com/Neargye>`_,
-  `@ambitslix (Attila M. Szilagyi) <https://github.com/ambitslix>`_,
-  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
-  `@erthink (Leonid Yuriev) <https://github.com/erthink>`_,
-  `@tohammer (Tobias Hammer) <https://github.com/tohammer>`_,
-  `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
-
-6.2.1 - 2020-05-09
-------------------
-
-* Fixed ostream support in ``sprintf``
-  (`#1631 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1631>`_).
-
-* Fixed type detection when using implicit conversion to ``string_view`` and
-  ostream ``operator<<`` inconsistently
-  (`#1662 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1662>`_).
-
-6.2.0 - 2020-04-05
-------------------
-
-* Improved error reporting when trying to format an object of a non-formattable
-  type:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::format("{}", S());
-
-  now gives::
-
-    include/fmt/core.h:1015:5: error: static_assert failed due to requirement
-    'formattable' "Cannot format argument. To make type T formattable provide a
-    formatter<T> specialization:
-    https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#formatting-user-defined-types"
-        static_assert(
-        ^
-    ...
-    note: in instantiation of function template specialization
-    'fmt::v6::format<char [3], S, char>' requested here
-      fmt::format("{}", S());
-           ^
-
-  if ``S`` is not formattable.
-
-* Reduced the library size by ~10%.
-
-* Always print decimal point if ``#`` is specified
-  (`#1476 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1476>`_,
-  `#1498 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1498>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print("{:#.0f}", 42.0);
-
-  now prints ``42.``
-
-* Implemented the ``'L'`` specifier for locale-specific numeric formatting to
-  improve compatibility with ``std::format``. The ``'n'`` specifier is now
-  deprecated and will be removed in the next major release.
-
-* Moved OS-specific APIs such as ``windows_error`` from ``fmt/format.h`` to
-  ``fmt/os.h``. You can define ``FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_OS`` to automatically
-  include ``fmt/os.h`` from ``fmt/format.h`` for compatibility but this will be
-  disabled in the next major release.
-
-* Added precision overflow detection in floating-point formatting.
-
-* Implemented detection of invalid use of ``fmt::arg``.
-
-* Used ``type_identity`` to block unnecessary template argument deduction.
-  Thanks Tim Song.
-
-* Improved UTF-8 handling
-  (`#1109 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1109>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print("┌{0:─^{2}}┐\n"
-                "│{1: ^{2}}│\n"
-                "└{0:─^{2}}┘\n", "", "Привет, мир!", 20);
-
-  now prints::
-
-     ┌────────────────────┐
-     │    Привет, мир!    │
-     └────────────────────┘
-
-  on systems that support Unicode.
-
-* Added experimental dynamic argument storage
-  (`#1170 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1170>`_,
-  `#1584 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1584>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
-     store.push_back("answer");
-     store.push_back(42);
-     fmt::vprint("The {} is {}.\n", store);
-  
-  prints::
-
-     The answer is 42.
-
-  Thanks `@vsolontsov-ll (Vladimir Solontsov)
-  <https://github.com/vsolontsov-ll>`_.
-
-* Made ``fmt::join`` accept ``initializer_list``
-  (`#1591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1591>`_).
-  Thanks `@Rapotkinnik (Nikolay Rapotkin) <https://github.com/Rapotkinnik>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of empty tuples
-  (`#1588 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1588>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of output iterators in ``format_to_n``
-  (`#1506 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1506>`_).
-
-* Fixed formatting of ``std::chrono::duration`` types to wide output
-  (`#1533 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1533>`_).
-  Thanks `@zeffy (pilao) <https://github.com/zeffy>`_.
-
-* Added const ``begin`` and ``end`` overload to buffers
-  (`#1553 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1553>`_).
-  Thanks `@dominicpoeschko <https://github.com/dominicpoeschko>`_.
-
-* Added the ability to disable floating-point formatting via ``FMT_USE_FLOAT``,
-  ``FMT_USE_DOUBLE`` and ``FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE`` macros for extremely
-  memory-constrained embedded system
-  (`#1590 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1590>`_).
-  Thanks `@albaguirre (Alberto Aguirre) <https://github.com/albaguirre>`_.
-
-* Made ``FMT_STRING`` work with ``constexpr`` ``string_view``
-  (`#1589 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1589>`_).
-  Thanks `@scramsby (Scott Ramsby) <https://github.com/scramsby>`_.
-
-* Implemented a minor optimization in the format string parser
-  (`#1560 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1560>`_).
-  Thanks `@IkarusDeveloper <https://github.com/IkarusDeveloper>`_.
-
-* Improved attribute detection
-  (`#1469 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1469>`_,
-  `#1475 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1475>`_,
-  `#1576 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1576>`_).
-  Thanks `@federico-busato (Federico) <https://github.com/federico-busato>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@refnum <https://github.com/refnum>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#1481 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1481>`_,
-  `#1523 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1523>`_).
-  Thanks `@JackBoosY (Jack·Boos·Yu) <https://github.com/JackBoosY>`_,
-  `@imba-tjd (谭九鼎) <https://github.com/imba-tjd>`_.
-
-* Fixed symbol visibility on Linux when compiling with ``-fvisibility=hidden``
-  (`#1535 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1535>`_).
-  Thanks `@milianw (Milian Wolff) <https://github.com/milianw>`_.
-
-* Implemented various build configuration fixes and improvements
-  (`#1264 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1264>`_,
-  `#1460 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1460>`_,
-  `#1534 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1534>`_,
-  `#1536 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1536>`_,
-  `#1545 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1545>`_,
-  `#1546 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1546>`_,
-  `#1566 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1566>`_,
-  `#1582 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1582>`_,
-  `#1597 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1597>`_,
-  `#1598 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1598>`_).
-  Thanks `@ambitslix (Attila M. Szilagyi) <https://github.com/ambitslix>`_,
-  `@jwillikers (Jordan Williams) <https://github.com/jwillikers>`_,
-  `@stac47 (Laurent Stacul) <https://github.com/stac47>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#1433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1433>`_,
-  `#1461 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1461>`_,
-  `#1470 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1470>`_,
-  `#1480 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1480>`_,
-  `#1485 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1485>`_,
-  `#1492 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1492>`_,
-  `#1493 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1493>`_,
-  `#1504 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1504>`_,
-  `#1505 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1505>`_,
-  `#1512 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1512>`_,
-  `#1515 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1515>`_,
-  `#1516 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1516>`_,
-  `#1518 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1518>`_,
-  `#1519 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1519>`_,
-  `#1520 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1520>`_,
-  `#1521 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1521>`_,
-  `#1522 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1522>`_,
-  `#1524 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1524>`_,
-  `#1530 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1530>`_,
-  `#1531 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1531>`_,
-  `#1532 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1532>`_,
-  `#1539 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1539>`_,
-  `#1547 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1547>`_,
-  `#1548 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1548>`_,
-  `#1554 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1554>`_,
-  `#1567 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1567>`_,
-  `#1568 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1568>`_,
-  `#1569 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1569>`_,
-  `#1571 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1571>`_,
-  `#1573 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1573>`_,
-  `#1575 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1575>`_,
-  `#1581 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1581>`_,
-  `#1583 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1583>`_,
-  `#1586 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1586>`_,
-  `#1587 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1587>`_,
-  `#1594 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1594>`_,
-  `#1596 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1596>`_,
-  `#1604 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1604>`_,
-  `#1606 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1606>`_,
-  `#1607 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1607>`_,
-  `#1609 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1609>`_).
-  Thanks `@marti4d (Chris Martin) <https://github.com/marti4d>`_,
-  `@iPherian <https://github.com/iPherian>`_,
-  `@parkertomatoes <https://github.com/parkertomatoes>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  `@torsten48 <https://github.com/torsten48>`_,
-  `@tohammer (Tobias Hammer) <https://github.com/tohammer>`_,
-  `@lefticus (Jason Turner) <https://github.com/lefticus>`_,
-  `@ryusakki (Haise) <https://github.com/ryusakki>`_,
-  `@adnsv (Alex Denisov) <https://github.com/adnsv>`_,
-  `@fghzxm <https://github.com/fghzxm>`_,
-  `@refnum <https://github.com/refnum>`_,
-  `@pramodk (Pramod Kumbhar) <https://github.com/pramodk>`_,
-  `@Spirrwell <https://github.com/Spirrwell>`_,
-  `@scramsby (Scott Ramsby) <https://github.com/scramsby>`_.
-
-6.1.2 - 2019-12-11
-------------------
-
-* Fixed ABI compatibility with ``libfmt.so.6.0.0``
-  (`#1471 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1471>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling types convertible to ``std::string_view``
-  (`#1451 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1451>`_).
-  Thanks `@denizevrenci (Deniz Evrenci) <https://github.com/denizevrenci>`_.
-
-* Made CUDA test an opt-in enabled via the ``FMT_CUDA_TEST`` CMake option.
-
-* Fixed sign conversion warnings
-  (`#1440 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1440>`_).
-  Thanks `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
-
-6.1.1 - 2019-12-04
-------------------
-
-* Fixed shared library build on Windows
-  (`#1443 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1443>`_,
-  `#1445 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1445>`_,
-  `#1446 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1446>`_,
-  `#1450 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1450>`_).
-  Thanks `@egorpugin (Egor Pugin) <https://github.com/egorpugin>`_,
-  `@bbolli (Beat Bolli) <https://github.com/bbolli>`_.
-
-* Added a missing decimal point in exponent notation with trailing zeros.
-
-* Removed deprecated ``format_arg_store::TYPES``.
-
-6.1.0 - 2019-12-01
-------------------
-
-* {fmt} now formats IEEE 754 ``float`` and ``double`` using the shortest decimal
-  representation with correct rounding by default:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <cmath>
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       fmt::print("{}", M_PI);
-     }
-
-  prints ``3.141592653589793``.
-
-* Made the fast binary to decimal floating-point formatter the default,
-  simplified it and improved performance. {fmt} is now 15 times faster than
-  libc++'s ``std::ostringstream``, 11 times faster than ``printf`` and 10%
-  faster than double-conversion on `dtoa-benchmark
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_:
-
-  ==================  =========  =======
-  Function            Time (ns)  Speedup
-  ==================  =========  =======
-  ostringstream        1,346.30    1.00x
-  ostrstream           1,195.74    1.13x
-  sprintf                995.08    1.35x
-  doubleconv              99.10   13.59x
-  fmt                     88.34   15.24x
-  ==================  =========  =======
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             69767160-cdaca400-112f-11ea-9fc5-347c9f83caad.png
-
-* {fmt} no longer converts ``float`` arguments to ``double``. In particular this
-  improves the default (shortest) representation of floats and makes
-  ``fmt::format`` consistent with ``std::format`` specs
-  (`#1336 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1336>`_,
-  `#1353 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1353>`_,
-  `#1360 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1360>`_,
-  `#1361 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1361>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print("{}", 0.1f);
-
-  prints ``0.1`` instead of ``0.10000000149011612``.
-
-  Thanks `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_.
-
-* Made floating-point formatting output consistent with ``printf``/iostreams
-  (`#1376 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1376>`_,
-  `#1417 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1417>`_).
-
-* Added support for 128-bit integers
-  (`#1287 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1287>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print("{}", std::numeric_limits<__int128_t>::max());
-
-  prints ``170141183460469231731687303715884105727``.
-
-  Thanks `@denizevrenci (Deniz Evrenci) <https://github.com/denizevrenci>`_.
-
-* The overload of ``print`` that takes ``text_style`` is now atomic, i.e. the
-  output from different threads doesn't interleave
-  (`#1351 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1351>`_).
-  Thanks `@tankiJong (Tanki Zhang) <https://github.com/tankiJong>`_.
-
-* Made compile time in the header-only mode ~20% faster by reducing the number
-  of template instantiations. ``wchar_t`` overload of ``vprint`` was moved from
-  ``fmt/core.h`` to ``fmt/format.h``.
-
-* Added an overload of ``fmt::join`` that works with tuples
-  (`#1322 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1322>`_,
-  `#1330 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1330>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <tuple>
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       std::tuple<char, int, float> t{'a', 1, 2.0f};
-       fmt::print("{}", t);
-     }
-
-  prints ``('a', 1, 2.0)``.
-
-  Thanks `@jeremyong (Jeremy Ong) <https://github.com/jeremyong>`_.
-
-* Changed formatting of octal zero with prefix from "00" to "0":
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print("{:#o}", 0);
-
-  prints ``0``.
-
-* The locale is now passed to ostream insertion (``<<``) operators
-  (`#1406 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1406>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/locale.h>
-     #include <fmt/ostream.h>
-
-     struct S {
-       double value;
-     };
-
-     std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, S s) {
-       return os << s.value;
-     }
-
-     int main() {
-       auto s = fmt::format(std::locale("fr_FR.UTF-8"), "{}", S{0.42});
-       // s == "0,42"
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@dlaugt (Daniel Laügt) <https://github.com/dlaugt>`_.
-
-* Locale-specific number formatting now uses grouping
-  (`#1393 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1393>`_
-  `#1394 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1394>`_).
-  Thanks `@skrdaniel <https://github.com/skrdaniel>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of types with deleted implicit rvalue conversion to
-  ``const char**`` (`#1421 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1421>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     struct mystring {
-       operator const char*() const&;
-       operator const char*() &;
-       operator const char*() const&& = delete;
-       operator const char*() && = delete;
-     };
-     mystring str;
-     fmt::print("{}", str); // now compiles
-
-* Enums are now mapped to correct underlying types instead of ``int``
-  (`#1286 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1286>`_).
-  Thanks `@agmt (Egor Seredin) <https://github.com/agmt>`_.
-
-* Enum classes are no longer implicitly converted to ``int``
-  (`#1424 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1424>`_).
-
-* Added ``basic_format_parse_context`` for consistency with C++20
-  ``std::format`` and deprecated ``basic_parse_context``.
-
-* Fixed handling of UTF-8 in precision
-  (`#1389 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1389>`_,
-  `#1390 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1390>`_).
-  Thanks `@tajtiattila (Attila Tajti) <https://github.com/tajtiattila>`_.
-
-* {fmt} can now be installed on Linux, macOS and Windows with
-  `Conda <https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/>`__ using its
-  `conda-forge <https://conda-forge.org>`__
-  `package <https://github.com/conda-forge/fmt-feedstock>`__
-  (`#1410 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1410>`_)::
-
-    conda install -c conda-forge fmt
-
-  Thanks `@tdegeus (Tom de Geus) <https://github.com/tdegeus>`_.
-
-* Added a CUDA test (`#1285 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1285>`_,
-  `#1317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1317>`_).
-  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_ and
-  `@risa2000 <https://github.com/risa2000>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation (`#1276 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1276>`_,
-  `#1291 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1291>`_,
-  `#1296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1296>`_,
-  `#1315 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1315>`_,
-  `#1332 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1332>`_,
-  `#1337 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1337>`_,
-  `#1395 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1395>`_
-  `#1418 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1418>`_).
-  Thanks
-  `@waywardmonkeys (Bruce Mitchener) <https://github.com/waywardmonkeys>`_,
-  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_,
-  `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_.
-
-* Various code improvements
-  (`#1358 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1358>`_,
-  `#1407 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1407>`_).
-  Thanks `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_,
-  `@dpacbach (David P. Sicilia) <https://github.com/dpacbach>`_,
-
-* Fixed compile-time format string checks for user-defined types
-  (`#1292 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1292>`_).
-
-* Worked around a false positive in ``unsigned-integer-overflow`` sanitizer
-  (`#1377 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1377>`_).
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#1273 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1273>`_,
-  `#1278 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1278>`_,
-  `#1280 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1280>`_,
-  `#1281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1281>`_,
-  `#1288 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1288>`_,
-  `#1290 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1290>`_,
-  `#1301 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1301>`_,
-  `#1305 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1305>`_,
-  `#1306 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1306>`_,
-  `#1309 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1309>`_,
-  `#1312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1312>`_,
-  `#1313 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1313>`_,
-  `#1316 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1316>`_,
-  `#1319 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1319>`_,
-  `#1320 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1320>`_,
-  `#1326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1326>`_,
-  `#1328 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1328>`_,
-  `#1344 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1344>`_,
-  `#1345 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1345>`_,
-  `#1347 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1347>`_,
-  `#1349 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1349>`_,
-  `#1354 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1354>`_,
-  `#1362 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1362>`_,
-  `#1366 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1366>`_,
-  `#1364 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1364>`_,
-  `#1370 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1370>`_,
-  `#1371 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1371>`_,
-  `#1385 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1385>`_,
-  `#1388 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1388>`_,
-  `#1397 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1397>`_,
-  `#1414 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1414>`_,
-  `#1416 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1416>`_,
-  `#1422 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1422>`_
-  `#1427 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1427>`_,
-  `#1431 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1431>`_,
-  `#1433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1433>`_).
-  Thanks `@hhb <https://github.com/hhb>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
-  `@neheb (Rosen Penev) <https://github.com/neheb>`_,
-  `@vedranmiletic (Vedran Miletić) <https://github.com/vedranmiletic>`_,
-  `@dkavolis (Daumantas Kavolis) <https://github.com/dkavolis>`_,
-  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
-  `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_,
-  `@denizevrenci (Deniz Evrenci) <https://github.com/denizevrenci>`_
-  `@leonklingele <https://github.com/leonklingele>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@kent-tri <https://github.com/kent-tri>`_,
-  `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_,
-  `@marti4d (Chris Martin) <https://github.com/marti4d>`_.
-
-6.0.0 - 2019-08-26
-------------------
-
-* Switched to the `MIT license
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/5a4b24613ba16cc689977c3b5bd8274a3ba1dd1f/LICENSE.rst>`_
-  with an optional exception that allows distributing binary code without
-  attribution.
-
-* Floating-point formatting is now locale-independent by default:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <locale>
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
-       fmt::print("value = {}", 4.2);
-     }
-
-  prints "value = 4.2" regardless of the locale.
-
-  For locale-specific formatting use the ``n`` specifier:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
-     fmt::print("value = {:n}", 4.2);
-
-  prints "value = 4,2".
-
-* Added an experimental Grisu floating-point formatting algorithm
-  implementation (disabled by default). To enable it compile with the
-  ``FMT_USE_GRISU`` macro defined to 1:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #define FMT_USE_GRISU 1
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     auto s = fmt::format("{}", 4.2); // formats 4.2 using Grisu
-
-  With Grisu enabled, {fmt} is 13x faster than ``std::ostringstream`` (libc++)
-  and 10x faster than ``sprintf`` on `dtoa-benchmark
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_ (`full results
-  <https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang10.0.html>`_):
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             54883977-9fe8c000-4e28-11e9-8bde-272d122e7c52.jpg
-
-* Separated formatting and parsing contexts for consistency with
-  `C++20 std::format <http://eel.is/c++draft/format>`_, removing the
-  undocumented ``basic_format_context::parse_context()`` function.
-
-* Added `oss-fuzz <https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz>`_ support
-  (`#1199 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1199>`_).
-  Thanks `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_.
-
-* ``formatter`` specializations now always take precedence over ``operator<<``
-  (`#952 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/952>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <iostream>
-     #include <fmt/ostream.h>
-
-     struct S {};
-
-     std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, S) {
-       return os << 1;
-     }
-
-     template <>
-     struct fmt::formatter<S> : fmt::formatter<int> {
-       auto format(S, format_context& ctx) {
-         return formatter<int>::format(2, ctx);
-       }
-     };
-
-     int main() {
-       std::cout << S() << "\n"; // prints 1 using operator<<
-       fmt::print("{}\n", S());  // prints 2 using formatter
-     }
-
-* Introduced the experimental ``fmt::compile`` function that does format string
-  compilation (`#618 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/618>`_,
-  `#1169 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1169>`_,
-  `#1171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1171>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/compile.h>
-
-     auto f = fmt::compile<int>("{}");
-     std::string s = fmt::format(f, 42); // can be called multiple times to
-                                         // format different values
-     // s == "42"
-
-  It moves the cost of parsing a format string outside of the format function
-  which can be beneficial when identically formatting many objects of the same
-  types. Thanks `@stryku (Mateusz Janek) <https://github.com/stryku>`_.
-
-* Added experimental ``%`` format specifier that formats floating-point values
-  as percentages (`#1060 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1060>`_,
-  `#1069 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1069>`_,
-  `#1071 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1071>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto s = fmt::format("{:.1%}", 0.42); // s == "42.0%"
-
-  Thanks `@gawain-bolton (Gawain Bolton) <https://github.com/gawain-bolton>`_.
-
-* Implemented precision for floating-point durations
-  (`#1004 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1004>`_,
-  `#1012 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1012>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto s = fmt::format("{:.1}", std::chrono::duration<double>(1.234));
-     // s == 1.2s
-
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Implemented ``chrono`` format specifiers ``%Q`` and ``%q`` that give the value
-  and the unit respectively (`#1019 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1019>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto value = fmt::format("{:%Q}", 42s); // value == "42"
-     auto unit  = fmt::format("{:%q}", 42s); // unit == "s"
-
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of dynamic width in chrono formatter:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto s = fmt::format("{0:{1}%H:%M:%S}", std::chrono::seconds(12345), 12);
-     //                        ^ width argument index                     ^ width
-     // s == "03:25:45    "
-
-  Thanks Howard Hinnant.
-
-* Removed deprecated ``fmt/time.h``. Use ``fmt/chrono.h`` instead.
-
-* Added ``fmt::format`` and ``fmt::vformat`` overloads that take ``text_style``
-  (`#993 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/993>`_,
-  `#994 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/994>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-     std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-                                       "The answer is {}.", 42);
-
-  Thanks `@Naios (Denis Blank) <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
-
-* Removed the deprecated color API (``print_colored``). Use the new API, namely
-  ``print`` overloads that take ``text_style`` instead.
-
-* Made ``std::unique_ptr`` and ``std::shared_ptr`` formattable as pointers via
-  ``fmt::ptr`` (`#1121 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1121>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     std::unique_ptr<int> p = ...;
-     fmt::print("{}", fmt::ptr(p)); // prints p as a pointer
-
-  Thanks `@sighingnow (Tao He) <https://github.com/sighingnow>`_.
-
-* Made ``print`` and ``vprint`` report I/O errors
-  (`#1098 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1098>`_,
-  `#1099 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1099>`_).
-  Thanks `@BillyDonahue (Billy Donahue) <https://github.com/BillyDonahue>`_.
-
-* Marked deprecated APIs with the ``[[deprecated]]`` attribute and removed
-  internal uses of deprecated APIs
-  (`#1022 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1022>`_).
-  Thanks `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_.
-
-* Modernized the codebase using more C++11 features and removing workarounds.
-  Most importantly, ``buffer_context`` is now an alias template, so
-  use ``buffer_context<T>`` instead of ``buffer_context<T>::type``.
-  These features require GCC 4.8 or later.
-
-* ``formatter`` specializations now always take precedence over implicit
-  conversions to ``int`` and the undocumented ``convert_to_int`` trait
-  is now deprecated.
-
-* Moved the undocumented ``basic_writer``, ``writer``, and ``wwriter`` types
-  to the ``internal`` namespace.
-
-* Removed deprecated ``basic_format_context::begin()``. Use ``out()`` instead.
-
-* Disallowed passing the result of ``join`` as an lvalue to prevent misuse.
-
-* Refactored the undocumented structs that represent parsed format specifiers
-  to simplify the API and allow multibyte fill.
-
-* Moved SFINAE to template parameters to reduce symbol sizes.
-
-* Switched to ``fputws`` for writing wide strings so that it's no longer
-  required to call ``_setmode`` on Windows
-  (`#1229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1229>`_,
-  `#1243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1243>`_).
-  Thanks `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_.
-
-* Improved literal-based API
-  (`#1254 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1254>`_).
-  Thanks `@sylveon (Charles Milette) <https://github.com/sylveon>`_.
-
-* Added support for exotic platforms without ``uintptr_t`` such as IBM i
-  (AS/400) which has 128-bit pointers and only 64-bit integers
-  (`#1059 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1059>`_).
-
-* Added `Sublime Text syntax highlighting config
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/support/C%2B%2B.sublime-syntax>`_
-  (`#1037 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1037>`_).
-  Thanks `@Kronuz (Germán Méndez Bravo) <https://github.com/Kronuz>`_.
-
-* Added the ``FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING`` macro to enforce the use of
-  compile-time format strings
-  (`#1231 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1231>`_).
-  Thanks `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_.
-
-* Stopped setting ``CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE`` if {fmt} is a subproject
-  (`#1081 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1081>`_).
-
-* Various build improvements
-  (`#1039 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1039>`_,
-  `#1078 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1078>`_,
-  `#1091 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1091>`_,
-  `#1103 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1103>`_,
-  `#1177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1177>`_).
-  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_,
-  `@jasonszang (Jason Shuo Zang) <https://github.com/jasonszang>`_,
-  `@olafhering (Olaf Hering) <https://github.com/olafhering>`_,
-  `@Lecetem <https://github.com/Lectem>`_,
-  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#1049 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1049>`_,
-  `#1051 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1051>`_,
-  `#1083 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1083>`_,
-  `#1113 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1113>`_,
-  `#1114 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1114>`_,
-  `#1146 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1146>`_,
-  `#1180 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1180>`_,
-  `#1250 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1250>`_,
-  `#1252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1252>`_,
-  `#1265 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1265>`_).
-  Thanks `@mikelui (Michael Lui) <https://github.com/mikelui>`_,
-  `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
-  `@BillyDonahue (Billy Donahue) <https://github.com/BillyDonahue>`_,
-  `@jwakely (Jonathan Wakely) <https://github.com/jwakely>`_,
-  `@kaisbe (Kais Ben Salah) <https://github.com/kaisbe>`_,
-  `@sdebionne (Samuel Debionne) <https://github.com/sdebionne>`_.
-
-* Fixed ambiguous formatter specialization in ``fmt/ranges.h``
-  (`#1123 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1123>`_).
-
-* Fixed formatting of a non-empty ``std::filesystem::path`` which is an
-  infinitely deep range of its components
-  (`#1268 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1268>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of general output iterators when formatting characters
-  (`#1056 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1056>`_,
-  `#1058 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1058>`_).
-  Thanks `@abolz (Alexander Bolz) <https://github.com/abolz>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of output iterators in ``formatter`` specialization for
-  ranges (`#1064 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1064>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of exotic character types
-  (`#1188 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1188>`_).
-
-* Made chrono formatting work with exceptions disabled
-  (`#1062 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1062>`_).
-
-* Fixed DLL visibility issues
-  (`#1134 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1134>`_,
-  `#1147 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1147>`_).
-  Thanks `@denchat <https://github.com/denchat>`_.
-
-* Disabled the use of UDL template extension on GCC 9
-  (`#1148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1148>`_).
-
-* Removed misplaced ``format`` compile-time checks from ``printf``
-  (`#1173 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1173>`_).
-
-* Fixed issues in the experimental floating-point formatter
-  (`#1072 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1072>`_,
-  `#1129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1129>`_,
-  `#1153 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1153>`_,
-  `#1155 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1155>`_,
-  `#1210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1210>`_,
-  `#1222 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1222>`_).
-  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
-
-* Fixed bugs discovered by fuzzing or during fuzzing integration
-  (`#1124 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1124>`_,
-  `#1127 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1127>`_,
-  `#1132 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1132>`_,
-  `#1135 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1135>`_,
-  `#1136 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1136>`_,
-  `#1141 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1141>`_,
-  `#1142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1142>`_,
-  `#1178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1178>`_,
-  `#1179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1179>`_,
-  `#1194 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1194>`_).
-  Thanks `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_.
-
-* Fixed building tests on FreeBSD and Hurd
-  (`#1043 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1043>`_).
-  Thanks `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
-
-* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
-  (`#998 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/998>`_,
-  `#1006 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1006>`_,
-  `#1008 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1008>`_,
-  `#1011 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1011>`_,
-  `#1025 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1025>`_,
-  `#1027 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1027>`_,
-  `#1028 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1028>`_,
-  `#1029 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1029>`_,
-  `#1030 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1030>`_,
-  `#1031 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1031>`_,
-  `#1054 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1054>`_,
-  `#1063 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1063>`_,
-  `#1068 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1068>`_,
-  `#1074 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1074>`_,
-  `#1075 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1075>`_,
-  `#1079 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1079>`_,
-  `#1086 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1086>`_,
-  `#1088 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1088>`_,
-  `#1089 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1089>`_,
-  `#1094 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1094>`_,
-  `#1101 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1101>`_,
-  `#1102 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1102>`_,
-  `#1105 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1105>`_,
-  `#1107 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1107>`_,
-  `#1115 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1115>`_,
-  `#1117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1117>`_,
-  `#1118 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1118>`_,
-  `#1120 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1120>`_,
-  `#1123 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1123>`_,
-  `#1139 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1139>`_,
-  `#1140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1140>`_,
-  `#1143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1143>`_,
-  `#1144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1144>`_,
-  `#1150 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1150>`_,
-  `#1151 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1151>`_,
-  `#1152 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1152>`_,
-  `#1154 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1154>`_,
-  `#1156 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1156>`_,
-  `#1159 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1159>`_,
-  `#1175 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1175>`_,
-  `#1181 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1181>`_,
-  `#1186 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1186>`_,
-  `#1187 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1187>`_,
-  `#1191 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1191>`_,
-  `#1197 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1197>`_,
-  `#1200 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1200>`_,
-  `#1203 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1203>`_,
-  `#1205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1205>`_,
-  `#1206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1206>`_,
-  `#1213 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1213>`_,
-  `#1214 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1214>`_,
-  `#1217 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1217>`_,
-  `#1228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1228>`_,
-  `#1230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1230>`_,
-  `#1232 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1232>`_,
-  `#1235 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1235>`_,
-  `#1236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1236>`_,
-  `#1240 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1240>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
-  `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_,
-  `@morinmorin <https://github.com/morinmorin>`_,
-  `@ricco19 (Brian Ricciardelli) <https://github.com/ricco19>`_,
-  `@waywardmonkeys (Bruce Mitchener) <https://github.com/waywardmonkeys>`_,
-  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@remyabel <https://github.com/remyabel>`_,
-  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_,
-  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
-  `@rcane (Ronny Krüger) <https://github.com/rcane>`_,
-  `@mocabe <https://github.com/mocabe>`_,
-  `@denchat <https://github.com/denchat>`_,
-  `@cjdb (Christopher Di Bella) <https://github.com/cjdb>`_,
-  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers) <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_,
-  `@vedranmiletic (Vedran Miletić) <https://github.com/vedranmiletic>`_,
-  `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_,
-  `@DaanDeMeyer (Daan De Meyer) <https://github.com/DaanDeMeyer>`_,
-  `@starkmapper (Mark Stapper) <https://github.com/starkmapper>`_.
-
-5.3.0 - 2018-12-28
-------------------
-
-* Introduced experimental chrono formatting support:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
-       fmt::print("Default format: {} {}\n", 42s, 100ms);
-       fmt::print("strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}\n", 3h + 15min + 30s);
-     }
-
-  prints::
-
-     Default format: 42s 100ms
-     strftime-like format: 03:15:30
-
-* Added experimental support for emphasis (bold, italic, underline,
-  strikethrough), colored output to a file stream, and improved colored
-  formatting API
-  (`#961 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/961>`_,
-  `#967 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/967>`_,
-  `#973 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/973>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
-             "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
-       print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
-             fmt::emphasis::underline, "Hello, {}!\n", "мир");
-       print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
-             "Hello, {}!\n", "世界");
-     }
-
-  prints the following on modern terminals with RGB color support:
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             50405788-b66e7500-076e-11e9-9592-7324d1f951d8.png
-
-  Thanks `@Rakete1111 (Nicolas) <https://github.com/Rakete1111>`_.
-
-* Added support for 4-bit terminal colors
-  (`#968 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/968>`_,
-  `#974 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/974>`_)
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       print(fg(fmt::terminal_color::red), "stop\n");
-     }
-
-  Note that these colors vary by terminal:
-
-  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-             50405925-dbfc7e00-0770-11e9-9b85-333fab0af9ac.png
-
-  Thanks `@Rakete1111 (Nicolas) <https://github.com/Rakete1111>`_.
-
-* Parameterized formatting functions on the type of the format string
-  (`#880 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/880>`_,
-  `#881 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/881>`_,
-  `#883 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/883>`_,
-  `#885 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/885>`_,
-  `#897 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/897>`_,
-  `#920 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/920>`_).
-  Any object of type ``S`` that has an overloaded ``to_string_view(const S&)``
-  returning ``fmt::string_view`` can be used as a format string:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     namespace my_ns {
-     inline string_view to_string_view(const my_string& s) {
-       return {s.data(), s.length()};
-     }
-     }
-
-     std::string message = fmt::format(my_string("The answer is {}."), 42);
-
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Made ``std::string_view`` work as a format string
-  (`#898 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/898>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     auto message = fmt::format(std::string_view("The answer is {}."), 42);
-
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Added wide string support to compile-time format string checks
-  (`#924 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/924>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     print(fmt(L"{:f}"), 42); // compile-time error: invalid type specifier
-
-  Thanks `@XZiar <https://github.com/XZiar>`_.
-
-* Made colored print functions work with wide strings
-  (`#867 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/867>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-     int main() {
-       print(fg(fmt::color::red), L"{}\n", 42);
-     }
-
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Introduced experimental Unicode support
-  (`#628 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/628>`_,
-  `#891 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/891>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     using namespace fmt::literals;
-     auto s = fmt::format("{:*^5}"_u, "🤡"_u); // s == "**🤡**"_u
-
-* Improved locale support:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/locale.h>
-
-     struct numpunct : std::numpunct<char> {
-      protected:
-       char do_thousands_sep() const override { return '~'; }
-     };
-
-     std::locale loc;
-     auto s = fmt::format(std::locale(loc, new numpunct()), "{:n}", 1234567);
-     // s == "1~234~567"
-
-* Constrained formatting functions on proper iterator types
-  (`#921 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/921>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Added ``make_printf_args`` and ``make_wprintf_args`` functions
-  (`#934 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/934>`_).
-  Thanks `@tnovotny <https://github.com/tnovotny>`_.
-
-* Deprecated ``fmt::visit``, ``parse_context``, and ``wparse_context``.
-  Use ``fmt::visit_format_arg``, ``format_parse_context``, and
-  ``wformat_parse_context`` instead.
-
-* Removed undocumented ``basic_fixed_buffer`` which has been superseded by the
-  iterator-based API
-  (`#873 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/873>`_,
-  `#902 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/902>`_).
-  Thanks `@superfunc (hollywood programmer) <https://github.com/superfunc>`_.
-
-* Disallowed repeated leading zeros in an argument ID:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::print("{000}", 42); // error
-
-* Reintroduced support for gcc 4.4.
-
-* Fixed compilation on platforms with exotic ``double``
-  (`#878 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/878>`_).
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#164 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/164>`_,
-  `#877 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/877>`_,
-  `#901 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/901>`_,
-  `#906 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/906>`_,
-  `#979 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/979>`_).
-  Thanks `@kookjr (Mathew Cucuzella) <https://github.com/kookjr>`_,
-  `@DarkDimius (Dmitry Petrashko) <https://github.com/DarkDimius>`_,
-  `@HecticSerenity <https://github.com/HecticSerenity>`_.
-
-* Added pkgconfig support which makes it easier to consume the library from
-  meson and other build systems
-  (`#916 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/916>`_).
-  Thanks `@colemickens (Cole Mickens) <https://github.com/colemickens>`_.
-
-* Various build improvements
-  (`#909 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/909>`_,
-  `#926 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/926>`_,
-  `#937 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/937>`_,
-  `#953 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/953>`_,
-  `#959 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/959>`_).
-  Thanks `@tchaikov (Kefu Chai) <https://github.com/tchaikov>`_,
-  `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_,
-  `@AndreasSchoenle (Andreas Schönle) <https://github.com/AndreasSchoenle>`_,
-  `@hotwatermorning <https://github.com/hotwatermorning>`_,
-  `@Zefz (JohanJansen) <https://github.com/Zefz>`_.
-
-* Improved ``string_view`` construction performance
-  (`#914 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/914>`_).
-  Thanks `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_.
-
-* Fixed non-matching char types
-  (`#895 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/895>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Fixed ``format_to_n`` with ``std::back_insert_iterator``
-  (`#913 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/913>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Fixed locale-dependent formatting
-  (`#905 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/905>`_).
-
-* Fixed various compiler warnings and errors
-  (`#882 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/882>`_,
-  `#886 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/886>`_,
-  `#933 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/933>`_,
-  `#941 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/941>`_,
-  `#931 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/931>`_,
-  `#943 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/943>`_,
-  `#954 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/954>`_,
-  `#956 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/956>`_,
-  `#962 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/962>`_,
-  `#965 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/965>`_,
-  `#977 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/977>`_,
-  `#983 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/983>`_,
-  `#989 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/989>`_).
-  Thanks `@Luthaf (Guillaume Fraux) <https://github.com/Luthaf>`_,
-  `@stevenhoving (Steven Hoving) <https://github.com/stevenhoving>`_,
-  `@christinaa (Kristina Brooks) <https://github.com/christinaa>`_,
-  `@lgritz (Larry Gritz) <https://github.com/lgritz>`_,
-  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  `@0x8000-0000 (Sign Bit) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_,
-  `@liuping1997 <https://github.com/liuping1997>`_.
-
-5.2.1 - 2018-09-21
-------------------
-
-* Fixed ``visit`` lookup issues on gcc 7 & 8
-  (`#870 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/870>`_).
-  Thanks `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_.
-
-* Fixed linkage errors on older gcc.
-
-* Prevented ``fmt/range.h`` from specializing ``fmt::basic_string_view``
-  (`#865 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/865>`_,
-  `#868 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/868>`_).
-  Thanks `@hhggit (dual) <https://github.com/hhggit>`_.
-
-* Improved error message when formatting unknown types
-  (`#872 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/872>`_).
-  Thanks `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
-
-* Disabled templated user-defined literals when compiled under nvcc
-  (`#875 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/875>`_).
-  Thanks `@CandyGumdrop (Candy Gumdrop) <https://github.com/CandyGumdrop>`_,
-
-* Fixed ``format_to`` formatting to ``wmemory_buffer``
-  (`#874 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/874>`_).
-
-5.2.0 - 2018-09-13
-------------------
-
-* Optimized format string parsing and argument processing which resulted in up
-  to 5x speed up on long format strings and significant performance boost on
-  various benchmarks. For example, version 5.2 is 2.22x faster than 5.1 on
-  decimal integer formatting with ``format_to`` (macOS, clang-902.0.39.2):
-
-  ==================  =======  =======
-  Method              Time, s  Speedup
-  ==================  =======  =======
-  fmt::format 5.1      0.58
-  fmt::format 5.2      0.35     1.66x
-  fmt::format_to 5.1   0.51
-  fmt::format_to 5.2   0.23     2.22x
-  sprintf              0.71
-  std::to_string       1.01
-  std::stringstream    1.73
-  ==================  =======  =======
-
-* Changed the ``fmt`` macro from opt-out to opt-in to prevent name collisions.
-  To enable it define the ``FMT_STRING_ALIAS`` macro to 1 before including
-  ``fmt/format.h``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #define FMT_STRING_ALIAS 1
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-     std::string answer = format(fmt("{}"), 42);
-
-* Added compile-time format string checks to ``format_to`` overload that takes
-  ``fmt::memory_buffer`` (`#783 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/783>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::memory_buffer buf;
-     // Compile-time error: invalid type specifier.
-     fmt::format_to(buf, fmt("{:d}"), "foo");
-
-* Moved experimental color support to ``fmt/color.h`` and enabled the
-  new API by default. The old API can be enabled by defining the
-  ``FMT_DEPRECATED_COLORS`` macro.
-
-* Added formatting support for types explicitly convertible to
-  ``fmt::string_view``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     struct foo {
-       explicit operator fmt::string_view() const { return "foo"; }
-     };
-     auto s = format("{}", foo());
-
-  In particular, this makes formatting function work with
-  ``folly::StringPiece``.
-
-* Implemented preliminary support for ``char*_t`` by replacing the ``format``
-  function overloads with a single function template parameterized on the string
-  type.
-
-* Added support for dynamic argument lists
-  (`#814 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/814>`_,
-  `#819 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/819>`_).
-  Thanks `@MikePopoloski (Michael Popoloski)
-  <https://github.com/MikePopoloski>`_.
-
-* Reduced executable size overhead for embedded targets using newlib nano by
-  making locale dependency optional
-  (`#839 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/839>`_).
-  Thanks `@teajay-fr (Thomas Benard) <https://github.com/teajay-fr>`_.
-
-* Keep ``noexcept`` specifier when exceptions are disabled
-  (`#801 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/801>`_,
-  `#810 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/810>`_).
-  Thanks `@qis (Alexej Harm) <https://github.com/qis>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of user-defined types providing ``operator<<`` with
-  ``format_to_n``
-  (`#806 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/806>`_).
-  Thanks `@mkurdej (Marek Kurdej) <https://github.com/mkurdej>`_.
-
-* Fixed dynamic linkage of new symbols
-  (`#808 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/808>`_).
-
-* Fixed global initialization issue
-  (`#807 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/807>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     // This works on compilers with constexpr support.
-     static const std::string answer = fmt::format("{}", 42);
-
-* Fixed various compiler warnings and errors
-  (`#804 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/804>`_,
-  `#809 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/809>`_,
-  `#811 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/811>`_,
-  `#822 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/822>`_,
-  `#827 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/827>`_,
-  `#830 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/830>`_,
-  `#838 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/838>`_,
-  `#843 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/843>`_,
-  `#844 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/844>`_,
-  `#851 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/851>`_,
-  `#852 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/852>`_,
-  `#854 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/854>`_).
-  Thanks `@henryiii (Henry Schreiner) <https://github.com/henryiii>`_,
-  `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_, and
-  `@eliasdaler (Elias Daler) <https://github.com/eliasdaler>`_.
-
-5.1.0 - 2018-07-05
-------------------
-
-* Added experimental support for RGB color output enabled with
-  the ``FMT_EXTENDED_COLORS`` macro:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #define FMT_EXTENDED_COLORS
-     #define FMT_HEADER_ONLY // or compile fmt with FMT_EXTENDED_COLORS defined
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     fmt::print(fmt::color::steel_blue, "Some beautiful text");
-
-  The old API (the ``print_colored`` and ``vprint_colored`` functions and the
-  ``color`` enum) is now deprecated.
-  (`#762 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/762>`_
-  `#767 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/767>`_).
-  thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_.
-
-* Added quotes to strings in ranges and tuples
-  (`#766 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/766>`_).
-  Thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_.
-
-* Made ``format_to`` work with ``basic_memory_buffer``
-  (`#776 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/776>`_).
-
-* Added ``vformat_to_n`` and ``wchar_t`` overload of ``format_to_n``
-  (`#764 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/764>`_,
-  `#769 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/769>`_).
-
-* Made ``is_range`` and ``is_tuple_like`` part of public (experimental) API
-  to allow specialization for user-defined types
-  (`#751 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/751>`_,
-  `#759 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/759>`_).
-  Thanks `@drrlvn (Dror Levin) <https://github.com/drrlvn>`_.
-
-* Added more compilers to continuous integration and increased ``FMT_PEDANTIC``
-  warning levels
-  (`#736 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/736>`_).
-  Thanks `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_.
-
-* Fixed compilation with MSVC 2013.
-
-* Fixed handling of user-defined types in ``format_to``
-  (`#793 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/793>`_).
-
-* Forced linking of inline ``vformat`` functions into the library
-  (`#795 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/795>`_).
-
-* Fixed incorrect call to on_align in ``'{:}='``
-  (`#750 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/750>`_).
-
-* Fixed floating-point formatting to a non-back_insert_iterator with sign &
-  numeric alignment specified
-  (`#756 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/756>`_).
-
-* Fixed formatting to an array with ``format_to_n``
-  (`#778 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/778>`_).
-
-* Fixed formatting of more than 15 named arguments
-  (`#754 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/754>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of compile-time strings when including ``fmt/ostream.h``.
-  (`#768 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/768>`_).
-
-* Fixed various compiler warnings and errors
-  (`#742 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/742>`_,
-  `#748 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/748>`_,
-  `#752 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/752>`_,
-  `#770 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/770>`_,
-  `#775 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/775>`_,
-  `#779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/779>`_,
-  `#780 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/780>`_,
-  `#790 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/790>`_,
-  `#792 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/792>`_,
-  `#800 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/800>`_).
-  Thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_,
-  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
-  `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
-  `@Dark-Passenger (Dhruv Paranjape) <https://github.com/Dark-Passenger>`_, and
-  `@0x8000-0000 (Sign Bit) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
-
-5.0.0 - 2018-05-21
-------------------
-
-* Added a requirement for partial C++11 support, most importantly variadic
-  templates and type traits, and dropped ``FMT_VARIADIC_*`` emulation macros.
-  Variadic templates are available since GCC 4.4, Clang 2.9 and MSVC 18.0 (2013).
-  For older compilers use {fmt} `version 4.x
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases/tag/4.1.0>`_ which continues to be
-  maintained and works with C++98 compilers.
-
-* Renamed symbols to follow standard C++ naming conventions and proposed a subset
-  of the library for standardization in `P0645R2 Text Formatting
-  <https://wg21.link/P0645>`_.
-
-* Implemented ``constexpr`` parsing of format strings and `compile-time format
-  string checks
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#compile-time-format-string-checks>`_. For
-  example
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     std::string s = format(fmt("{:d}"), "foo");
-
-  gives a compile-time error because ``d`` is an invalid specifier for strings
-  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/g/rnCy9Q>`__)::
-
-     ...
-     <source>:4:19: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'fmt::v5::format<S, char [4]>' requested here
-       std::string s = format(fmt("{:d}"), "foo");
-                       ^
-     format.h:1337:13: note: non-constexpr function 'on_error' cannot be used in a constant expression
-         handler.on_error("invalid type specifier");
-
-  Compile-time checks require relaxed ``constexpr`` (C++14 feature) support. If
-  the latter is not available, checks will be performed at runtime.
-
-* Separated format string parsing and formatting in the extension API to enable
-  compile-time format string processing. For example
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     struct Answer {};
-
-     namespace fmt {
-     template <>
-     struct formatter<Answer> {
-       constexpr auto parse(parse_context& ctx) {
-         auto it = ctx.begin();
-         spec = *it;
-         if (spec != 'd' && spec != 's')
-           throw format_error("invalid specifier");
-         return ++it;
-       }
-
-       template <typename FormatContext>
-       auto format(Answer, FormatContext& ctx) {
-         return spec == 's' ?
-           format_to(ctx.begin(), "{}", "fourty-two") :
-           format_to(ctx.begin(), "{}", 42);
-       }
-
-       char spec = 0;
-     };
-     }
-
-     std::string s = format(fmt("{:x}"), Answer());
-
-  gives a compile-time error due to invalid format specifier (`godbolt
-  <https://godbolt.org/g/2jQ1Dv>`__)::
-
-     ...
-     <source>:12:45: error: expression '<throw-expression>' is not a constant expression
-            throw format_error("invalid specifier");
-
-* Added `iterator support
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#output-iterator-support>`_:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <vector>
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     std::vector<char> out;
-     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
-
-* Added the `format_to_n
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#_CPPv2N3fmt11format_to_nE8OutputItNSt6size_tE11string_viewDpRK4Args>`_
-  function that restricts the output to the specified number of characters
-  (`#298 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/298>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     char out[4];
-     fmt::format_to_n(out, sizeof(out), "{}", 12345);
-     // out == "1234" (without terminating '\0')
-
-* Added the `formatted_size
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#_CPPv2N3fmt14formatted_sizeE11string_viewDpRK4Args>`_
-  function for computing the output size:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-     auto size = fmt::formatted_size("{}", 12345); // size == 5
-
-* Improved compile times by reducing dependencies on standard headers and
-  providing a lightweight `core API <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#core-api>`_:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-
-     fmt::print("The answer is {}.", 42);
-
-  See `Compile time and code bloat
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_.
-
-* Added the `make_format_args
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#_CPPv2N3fmt16make_format_argsEDpRK4Args>`_
-  function for capturing formatting arguments:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-  
-     // Prints formatted error message.
-     void vreport_error(const char *format, fmt::format_args args) {
-       fmt::print("Error: ");
-       fmt::vprint(format, args);
-     }
-     template <typename... Args>
-     void report_error(const char *format, const Args & ... args) {
-       vreport_error(format, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-     }
-
-* Added the ``make_printf_args`` function for capturing ``printf`` arguments
-  (`#687 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/687>`_,
-  `#694 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/694>`_).
-  Thanks `@Kronuz (Germán Méndez Bravo) <https://github.com/Kronuz>`_.
-
-* Added prefix ``v`` to non-variadic functions taking ``format_args`` to
-  distinguish them from variadic ones:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     std::string vformat(string_view format_str, format_args args);
-     
-     template <typename... Args>
-     std::string format(string_view format_str, const Args & ... args);
-
-* Added experimental support for formatting ranges, containers and tuple-like
-  types in ``fmt/ranges.h`` (`#735 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/735>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-
-     std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
-     fmt::print("{}", v); // prints {1, 2, 3}
-
-  Thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_.
-
-* Implemented ``wchar_t`` date and time formatting
-  (`#712 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/712>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/time.h>
-
-     std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
-     auto s = fmt::format(L"The date is {:%Y-%m-%d}.", *std::localtime(&t));
-
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Provided more wide string overloads
-  (`#724 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/724>`_).
-  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
-
-* Switched from a custom null-terminated string view class to ``string_view``
-  in the format API and provided ``fmt::string_view`` which implements a subset
-  of ``std::string_view`` API for pre-C++17 systems.
-
-* Added support for ``std::experimental::string_view``
-  (`#607 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/607>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     #include <fmt/core.h>
-     #include <experimental/string_view>
-
-     fmt::print("{}", std::experimental::string_view("foo"));
-
-  Thanks `@virgiliofornazin (Virgilio Alexandre Fornazin)
-  <https://github.com/virgiliofornazin>`__.
-
-* Allowed mixing named and automatic arguments:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-     fmt::format("{} {two}", 1, fmt::arg("two", 2));
-
-* Removed the write API in favor of the `format API
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#format-api>`_ with compile-time handling of
-  format strings.
-
-* Disallowed formatting of multibyte strings into a wide character target
-  (`#606 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/606>`_).
-
-* Improved documentation
-  (`#515 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/515>`_,
-  `#614 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/614>`_,
-  `#617 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/617>`_,
-  `#661 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/661>`_,
-  `#680 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/680>`_).
-  Thanks `@ibell (Ian Bell) <https://github.com/ibell>`_,
-  `@mihaitodor (Mihai Todor) <https://github.com/mihaitodor>`_, and
-  `@johnthagen <https://github.com/johnthagen>`_.
-
-* Implemented more efficient handling of large number of format arguments.
-
-* Introduced an inline namespace for symbol versioning.
-
-* Added debug postfix ``d`` to the ``fmt`` library name
-  (`#636 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/636>`_).
-
-* Removed unnecessary ``fmt/`` prefix in includes
-  (`#397 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/397>`_).
-  Thanks `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_.
-
-* Moved ``fmt/*.h`` to ``include/fmt/*.h`` to prevent irrelevant files and
-  directories appearing on the include search paths when fmt is used as a
-  subproject and moved source files to the ``src`` directory.
-
-* Added qmake project file ``support/fmt.pro``
-  (`#641 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/641>`_).
-  Thanks `@cowo78 (Giuseppe Corbelli) <https://github.com/cowo78>`_.
-
-* Added Gradle build file ``support/build.gradle``
-  (`#649 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/649>`_).
-  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_.
-
-* Removed ``FMT_CPPFORMAT`` CMake option.
-
-* Fixed a name conflict with the macro ``CHAR_WIDTH`` in glibc
-  (`#616 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/616>`_).
-  Thanks `@aroig (Abdó Roig-Maranges) <https://github.com/aroig>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of nested braces in ``fmt::join``
-  (`#638 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/638>`_).
-
-* Added ``SOURCELINK_SUFFIX`` for compatibility with Sphinx 1.5
-  (`#497 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/497>`_).
-  Thanks `@ginggs (Graham Inggs) <https://github.com/ginggs>`_.
-
-* Added a missing ``inline`` in the header-only mode
-  (`#626 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/626>`_).
-  Thanks `@aroig (Abdó Roig-Maranges) <https://github.com/aroig>`_.
-
-* Fixed various compiler warnings
-  (`#640 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/640>`_,
-  `#656 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/656>`_,
-  `#679 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/679>`_,
-  `#681 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/681>`_,
-  `#705 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/705>`__,
-  `#715 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/715>`_,
-  `#717 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/717>`_,
-  `#720 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/720>`_,
-  `#723 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/723>`_,
-  `#726 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/726>`_,
-  `#730 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/730>`_,
-  `#739 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/739>`_).
-  Thanks `@peterbell10 <https://github.com/peterbell10>`_,
-  `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_,
-  `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
-  `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_,
-  `@christianparpart (Christian Parpart) <https://github.com/christianparpart>`_,
-  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
-  and `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Worked around an MSVC bug and fixed several warnings
-  (`#653 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/653>`_).
-  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
-
-* Worked around GCC bug 67371
-  (`#682 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/682>`_).
-
-* Fixed compilation with ``-fno-exceptions``
-  (`#655 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/655>`_).
-  Thanks `@chenxiaolong (Andrew Gunnerson) <https://github.com/chenxiaolong>`_.
-
-* Made ``constexpr remove_prefix`` gcc version check tighter
-  (`#648 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/648>`_).
-
-* Renamed internal type enum constants to prevent collision with poorly written
-  C libraries (`#644 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/644>`_).
-
-* Added detection of ``wostream operator<<``
-  (`#650 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/650>`_).
-
-* Fixed compilation on OpenBSD
-  (`#660 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/660>`_).
-  Thanks `@hubslave <https://github.com/hubslave>`_.
-
-* Fixed compilation on FreeBSD 12
-  (`#732 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/732>`_).
-  Thanks `@dankm <https://github.com/dankm>`_.
-
-* Fixed compilation when there is a mismatch between ``-std`` options between
-  the library and user code
-  (`#664 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/664>`_).
-
-* Fixed compilation with GCC 7 and ``-std=c++11``
-  (`#734 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/734>`_).
-
-* Improved generated binary code on GCC 7 and older
-  (`#668 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/668>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of numeric alignment with no width 
-  (`#675 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/675>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of empty strings in UTF8/16 converters
-  (`#676 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/676>`_).
-  Thanks `@vgalka-sl (Vasili Galka) <https://github.com/vgalka-sl>`_.
-
-* Fixed formatting of an empty ``string_view``
-  (`#689 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/689>`_).
-
-* Fixed detection of ``string_view`` on libc++ 
-  (`#686 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/686>`_).
-
-* Fixed DLL issues (`#696 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/696>`_).
-  Thanks `@sebkoenig <https://github.com/sebkoenig>`_.
-
-* Fixed compile checks for mixing narrow and wide strings
-  (`#690 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/690>`_).
-
-* Disabled unsafe implicit conversion to ``std::string``
-  (`#729 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/729>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of reused format specs (as in ``fmt::join``) for pointers
-  (`#725 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/725>`_).
-  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Fixed installation of ``fmt/ranges.h``
-  (`#738 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/738>`_).
-  Thanks `@sv1990 <https://github.com/sv1990>`_.
-
-4.1.0 - 2017-12-20
-------------------
-
-* Added ``fmt::to_wstring()`` in addition to ``fmt::to_string()``
-  (`#559 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/559>`_).
-  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
-
-* Added support for C++17 ``std::string_view``
-  (`#571 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/571>`_ and
-  `#578 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/578>`_).
-  Thanks `@thelostt (Mário Feroldi) <https://github.com/thelostt>`_ and
-  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Enabled stream exceptions to catch errors
-  (`#581 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/581>`_).
-  Thanks `@crusader-mike <https://github.com/crusader-mike>`_.
-
-* Allowed formatting of class hierarchies with ``fmt::format_arg()``
-  (`#547 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/547>`_).
-  Thanks `@rollbear (Björn Fahller) <https://github.com/rollbear>`_.
-
-* Removed limitations on character types
-  (`#563 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/563>`_).
-  Thanks `@Yelnats321 (Elnar Dakeshov) <https://github.com/Yelnats321>`_.
-
-* Conditionally enabled use of ``std::allocator_traits``
-  (`#583 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/583>`_).
-  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Added support for ``const`` variadic member function emulation with
-  ``FMT_VARIADIC_CONST`` (`#591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/591>`_).
-  Thanks `@ludekvodicka (Ludek Vodicka) <https://github.com/ludekvodicka>`_.
-
-* Various bugfixes: bad overflow check, unsupported implicit type conversion
-  when determining formatting function, test segfaults
-  (`#551 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/551>`_), ill-formed macros
-  (`#542 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/542>`_) and ambiguous overloads
-  (`#580 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/580>`_).
-  Thanks `@xylosper (Byoung-young Lee) <https://github.com/xylosper>`_.
-
-* Prevented warnings on MSVC (`#605 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/605>`_,
-  `#602 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/602>`_, and
-  `#545 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/545>`_),
-  clang (`#582 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/582>`_),
-  GCC (`#573 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/573>`_),
-  various conversion warnings (`#609 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/609>`_,
-  `#567 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/567>`_,
-  `#553 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/553>`_ and
-  `#553 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/553>`_), and added ``override`` and
-  ``[[noreturn]]`` (`#549 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/549>`_ and
-  `#555 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/555>`_).
-  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_,
-  `@virgiliofornazin (Virgilio Alexandre Fornazin)
-  <https://gihtub.com/virgiliofornazin>`_,
-  `@alexanderbock (Alexander Bock) <https://github.com/alexanderbock>`_,
-  `@yumetodo <https://github.com/yumetodo>`_,
-  `@VaderY (Császár Mátyás) <https://github.com/VaderY>`_,
-  `@jpcima (JP Cimalando) <https://github.com/jpcima>`_,
-  `@thelostt (Mário Feroldi) <https://github.com/thelostt>`_, and
-  `@Manu343726 (Manu Sánchez) <https://github.com/Manu343726>`_.
-
-* Improved CMake: Used ``GNUInstallDirs`` to set installation location
-  (`#610 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/610>`_) and fixed warnings
-  (`#536 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/536>`_ and
-  `#556 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/556>`_).
-  Thanks `@mikecrowe (Mike Crowe) <https://github.com/mikecrowe>`_,
-  `@evgen231 <https://github.com/evgen231>`_ and
-  `@henryiii (Henry Schreiner) <https://github.com/henryiii>`_.
-
-4.0.0 - 2017-06-27
-------------------
-
-* Removed old compatibility headers ``cppformat/*.h`` and CMake options
-  (`#527 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/527>`_).
-  Thanks `@maddinat0r (Alex Martin) <https://github.com/maddinat0r>`_.
-
-* Added ``string.h`` containing ``fmt::to_string()`` as alternative to
-  ``std::to_string()`` as well as other string writer functionality
-  (`#326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/326>`_ and
-  `#441 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/441>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #include "fmt/string.h"
-  
-    std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
-
-  Thanks to `@glebov-andrey (Andrey Glebov)
-  <https://github.com/glebov-andrey>`_.
-
-* Moved ``fmt::printf()`` to new ``printf.h`` header and allowed ``%s`` as
-  generic specifier (`#453 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/453>`_),
-  made ``%.f`` more conformant to regular ``printf()``
-  (`#490 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/490>`_), added custom writer
-  support (`#476 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/476>`_) and implemented
-  missing custom argument formatting
-  (`#339 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/339>`_ and
-  `#340 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/340>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #include "fmt/printf.h"
- 
-    // %s format specifier can be used with any argument type.
-    fmt::printf("%s", 42);
-
-  Thanks `@mojoBrendan <https://github.com/mojoBrendan>`_,
-  `@manylegged (Arthur Danskin) <https://github.com/manylegged>`_ and
-  `@spacemoose (Glen Stark) <https://github.com/spacemoose>`_.
-  See also `#360 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/360>`_,
-  `#335 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/335>`_ and
-  `#331 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/331>`_.
-
-* Added ``container.h`` containing a ``BasicContainerWriter``
-  to write to containers like ``std::vector``
-  (`#450 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/450>`_).
-  Thanks `@polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre) <https://github.com/polyvertex>`_.
-
-* Added ``fmt::join()`` function that takes a range and formats
-  its elements separated by a given string
-  (`#466 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/466>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #include "fmt/format.h"
- 
-    std::vector<double> v = {1.2, 3.4, 5.6};
-    // Prints "(+01.20, +03.40, +05.60)".
-    fmt::print("({:+06.2f})", fmt::join(v.begin(), v.end(), ", "));
-
-  Thanks `@olivier80 <https://github.com/olivier80>`_.
-
-* Added support for custom formatting specifications to simplify customization
-  of built-in formatting (`#444 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/444>`_).
-  Thanks `@polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre) <https://github.com/polyvertex>`_.
-  See also `#439 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/439>`_.
-
-* Added ``fmt::format_system_error()`` for error code formatting
-  (`#323 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/323>`_ and
-  `#526 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/526>`_).
-  Thanks `@maddinat0r (Alex Martin) <https://github.com/maddinat0r>`_.
-
-* Added thread-safe ``fmt::localtime()`` and ``fmt::gmtime()``
-  as replacement   for the standard version to ``time.h``
-  (`#396 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/396>`_).
-  Thanks `@codicodi <https://github.com/codicodi>`_.
-
-* Internal improvements to ``NamedArg`` and ``ArgLists``
-  (`#389 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/389>`_ and
-  `#390 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/390>`_).
-  Thanks `@chronoxor <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_.
-
-* Fixed crash due to bug in ``FormatBuf``
-  (`#493 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/493>`_).
-  Thanks `@effzeh <https://github.com/effzeh>`_. See also
-  `#480 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/480>`_ and
-  `#491 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/491>`_.
-
-* Fixed handling of wide strings in ``fmt::StringWriter``.
-
-* Improved compiler error messages
-  (`#357 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/357>`_).
-
-* Fixed various warnings and issues with various compilers
-  (`#494 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/494>`_,
-  `#499 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/499>`_,
-  `#483 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/483>`_,
-  `#485 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/485>`_,
-  `#482 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/482>`_,
-  `#475 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/475>`_,
-  `#473 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/473>`_ and
-  `#414 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/414>`_).
-  Thanks `@chronoxor <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
-  `@zhaohuaxishi <https://github.com/zhaohuaxishi>`_,
-  `@pkestene (Pierre Kestener) <https://github.com/pkestene>`_,
-  `@dschmidt (Dominik Schmidt) <https://github.com/dschmidt>`_ and
-  `@0x414c (Alexey Gorishny) <https://github.com/0x414c>`_ .
-
-* Improved CMake: targets are now namespaced
-  (`#511 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/511>`_ and
-  `#513 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/513>`_), supported header-only
-  ``printf.h`` (`#354 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/354>`_), fixed issue
-  with minimal supported library subset
-  (`#418 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/418>`_,
-  `#419 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/419>`_ and
-  `#420 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/420>`_).
-  Thanks `@bjoernthiel (Bjoern Thiel) <https://github.com/bjoernthiel>`_,
-  `@niosHD (Mario Werner) <https://github.com/niosHD>`_,
-  `@LogicalKnight (Sean LK) <https://github.com/LogicalKnight>`_ and
-  `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
-
-* Improved documentation. Thanks to
-  `@pwm1234 (Phil) <https://github.com/pwm1234>`_ for
-  `#393 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/393>`_.
-
-3.0.2 - 2017-06-14
-------------------
-
-* Added ``FMT_VERSION`` macro
-  (`#411 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/411>`_).
-
-* Used ``FMT_NULL`` instead of literal ``0``
-  (`#409 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/409>`_).
-  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
-
-* Added extern templates for ``format_float``
-  (`#413 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/413>`_).
-
-* Fixed implicit conversion issue
-  (`#507 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/507>`_).
-
-* Fixed signbit detection (`#423 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/423>`_).
-
-* Fixed naming collision (`#425 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/425>`_).
-
-* Fixed missing intrinsic for C++/CLI
-  (`#457 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/457>`_).
-  Thanks `@calumr (Calum Robinson) <https://github.com/calumr>`_
-
-* Fixed Android detection (`#458 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/458>`_).
-  Thanks `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_.
-
-* Use lean ``windows.h`` if not in header-only mode
-  (`#503 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/503>`_).
-  Thanks `@Quentin01 (Quentin Buathier) <https://github.com/Quentin01>`_.
-
-* Fixed issue with CMake exporting C++11 flag
-  (`#445 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/455>`_).
-  Thanks `@EricWF (Eric) <https://github.com/EricWF>`_.
-
-* Fixed issue with nvcc and MSVC compiler bug and MinGW
-  (`#505 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/505>`_).
-
-* Fixed DLL issues (`#469 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/469>`_ and
-  `#502 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/502>`_).
-  Thanks `@richardeakin (Richard Eakin) <https://github.com/richardeakin>`_ and
-  `@AndreasSchoenle (Andreas Schönle) <https://github.com/AndreasSchoenle>`_.
-
-* Fixed test compilation under FreeBSD
-  (`#433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/433>`_).
-
-* Fixed various warnings (`#403 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/403>`_,
-  `#410 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/410>`_ and
-  `#510 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/510>`_).
-  Thanks `@Lecetem <https://github.com/Lectem>`_,
-  `@chenhayat (Chen Hayat) <https://github.com/chenhayat>`_ and
-  `@trozen <https://github.com/trozen>`_.
-
-* Worked around a broken ``__builtin_clz`` in clang with MS codegen
-  (`#519 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/519>`_).
-
-* Removed redundant include
-  (`#479 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/479>`_).
-
-* Fixed documentation issues.
-
-3.0.1 - 2016-11-01
-------------------
-* Fixed handling of thousands separator
-  (`#353 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/353>`_).
-
-* Fixed handling of ``unsigned char`` strings
-  (`#373 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/373>`_).
-
-* Corrected buffer growth when formatting time
-  (`#367 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/367>`_).
-
-* Removed warnings under MSVC and clang
-  (`#318 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/318>`_,
-  `#250 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/250>`_, also merged
-  `#385 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/385>`_ and
-  `#361 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/361>`_).
-  Thanks `@jcelerier (Jean-Michaël Celerier) <https://github.com/jcelerier>`_
-  and `@nmoehrle (Nils Moehrle) <https://github.com/nmoehrle>`_.
-
-* Fixed compilation issues under Android
-  (`#327 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/327>`_,
-  `#345 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/345>`_ and
-  `#381 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/381>`_),
-  FreeBSD (`#358 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/358>`_),
-  Cygwin (`#388 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/388>`_),
-  MinGW (`#355 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/355>`_) as well as other
-  issues (`#350 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/350>`_,
-  `#366 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/355>`_,
-  `#348 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/348>`_,
-  `#402 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/402>`_,
-  `#405 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/405>`_).
-  Thanks to `@dpantele (Dmitry) <https://github.com/dpantele>`_,
-  `@hghwng (Hugh Wang) <https://github.com/hghwng>`_,
-  `@arvedarved (Tilman Keskinöz) <https://github.com/arvedarved>`_,
-  `@LogicalKnight (Sean) <https://github.com/LogicalKnight>`_ and
-  `@JanHellwig (Jan Hellwig) <https://github.com/janhellwig>`_.
-
-* Fixed some documentation issues and extended specification
-  (`#320 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/320>`_,
-  `#333 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/333>`_,
-  `#347 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/347>`_,
-  `#362 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/362>`_).
-  Thanks to `@smellman (Taro Matsuzawa aka. btm)
-  <https://github.com/smellman>`_.
-
-3.0.0 - 2016-05-07
-------------------
-
-* The project has been renamed from C++ Format (cppformat) to fmt for
-  consistency with the used namespace and macro prefix
-  (`#307 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/307>`_).
-  Library headers are now located in the ``fmt`` directory:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #include "fmt/format.h"
-
-  Including ``format.h`` from the ``cppformat`` directory is deprecated
-  but works via a proxy header which will be removed in the next major version.
-  
-  The documentation is now available at https://fmt.dev.
-
-* Added support for `strftime <http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/strftime>`_-like
-  `date and time formatting <https://fmt.dev/3.0.0/api.html#date-and-time-formatting>`_
-  (`#283 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/283>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #include "fmt/time.h"
-
-    std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
-    // Prints "The date is 2016-04-29." (with the current date)
-    fmt::print("The date is {:%Y-%m-%d}.", *std::localtime(&t));
-
-* ``std::ostream`` support including formatting of user-defined types that provide
-  overloaded ``operator<<`` has been moved to ``fmt/ostream.h``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #include "fmt/ostream.h"
-
-    class Date {
-      int year_, month_, day_;
-    public:
-      Date(int year, int month, int day) : year_(year), month_(month), day_(day) {}
-
-      friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Date &d) {
-        return os << d.year_ << '-' << d.month_ << '-' << d.day_;
-      }
-    };
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("The date is {}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
-    // s == "The date is 2012-12-9"
-
-* Added support for `custom argument formatters
-  <https://fmt.dev/3.0.0/api.html#argument-formatters>`_
-  (`#235 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/235>`_).
-
-* Added support for locale-specific integer formatting with the ``n`` specifier
-  (`#305 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/305>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
-    fmt::print("cppformat: {:n}\n", 1234567); // prints 1,234,567
-
-* Sign is now preserved when formatting an integer with an incorrect ``printf``
-  format specifier (`#265 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/265>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::printf("%lld", -42); // prints -42
-
-  Note that it would be an undefined behavior in ``std::printf``.
-
-* Length modifiers such as ``ll`` are now optional in printf formatting
-  functions and the correct type is determined automatically
-  (`#255 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/255>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::printf("%d", std::numeric_limits<long long>::max());
-
-  Note that it would be an undefined behavior in ``std::printf``.
-
-* Added initial support for custom formatters
-  (`#231 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/231>`_).
-
-* Fixed detection of user-defined literal support on Intel C++ compiler
-  (`#311 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/311>`_,
-  `#312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/312>`_).
-  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_ and
-  `@speth (Ray Speth) <https://github.com/speth>`_.
-
-* Reduced compile time
-  (`#243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/243>`_,
-  `#249 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/249>`_,
-  `#317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/317>`_):
-
-  .. image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/4831417/11614060/
-             b9e826d2-9c36-11e5-8666-d4131bf503ef.png
-
-  .. image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/4831417/11614080/
-             6ac903cc-9c37-11e5-8165-26df6efae364.png
-
-  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
-
-* Compile test fixes (`#313 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/313>`_).
-  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
-
-* Documentation fixes (`#239 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/239>`_,
-  `#248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/248>`_,
-  `#252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/252>`_,
-  `#258 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/258>`_,
-  `#260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/260>`_,
-  `#301 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/301>`_,
-  `#309 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/309>`_).
-  Thanks to `@ReadmeCritic <https://github.com/ReadmeCritic>`_
-  `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_ and
-  `@jwilk (Jakub Wilk) <https://github.com/jwilk>`_.
-
-* Fixed compiler and sanitizer warnings
-  (`#244 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/244>`_,
-  `#256 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/256>`_,
-  `#259 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/259>`_,
-  `#263 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/263>`_,
-  `#274 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/274>`_,
-  `#277 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/277>`_,
-  `#286 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/286>`_,
-  `#291 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/291>`_,
-  `#296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/296>`_,
-  `#308 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/308>`_)
-  Thanks to `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
-  `@pweiskircher (Patrik Weiskircher) <https://github.com/pweiskircher>`_,
-  `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
-
-* Improved compatibility with Windows Store apps
-  (`#280 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/280>`_,
-  `#285 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/285>`_)
-  Thanks to `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Added tests of compatibility with older C++ standards
-  (`#273 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/273>`_).
-  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
-
-* Fixed Android build (`#271 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/271>`_).
-  Thanks to `@newnon <https://github.com/newnon>`_.
-
-* Changed ``ArgMap`` to be backed by a vector instead of a map.
-  (`#261 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/261>`_,
-  `#262 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/262>`_).
-  Thanks to `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
-
-* Added ``fprintf`` overload that writes to a ``std::ostream``
-  (`#251 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/251>`_).
-  Thanks to `nickhutchinson (Nicholas Hutchinson) <https://github.com/nickhutchinson>`_.
-
-* Export symbols when building a Windows DLL
-  (`#245 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/245>`_).
-  Thanks to `macdems (Maciek Dems) <https://github.com/macdems>`_.
-
-* Fixed compilation on Cygwin (`#304 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/304>`_).
-
-* Implemented a workaround for a bug in Apple LLVM version 4.2 of clang
-  (`#276 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/276>`_).
-
-* Implemented a workaround for Google Test bug
-  `#705 <https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/705>`_ on gcc 6
-  (`#268 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/268>`_).
-  Thanks to `octoploid <https://github.com/octoploid>`_.
-
-* Removed Biicode support because the latter has been discontinued.
-
-2.1.1 - 2016-04-11
-------------------
-
-* The install location for generated CMake files is now configurable via
-  the ``FMT_CMAKE_DIR`` CMake variable
-  (`#299 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/299>`_).
-  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
-
-* Documentation fixes (`#252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/252>`_).
-
-2.1.0 - 2016-03-21
-------------------
-
-* Project layout and build system improvements
-  (`#267 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/267>`_):
-
-  * The code have been moved to the ``cppformat`` directory.
-    Including ``format.h`` from the top-level directory is deprecated
-    but works via a proxy header which will be removed in the next
-    major version.
-
-  * C++ Format CMake targets now have proper interface definitions.
-
-  * Installed version of the library now supports the header-only
-    configuration.
-
-  * Targets ``doc``, ``install``, and ``test`` are now disabled if C++ Format
-    is included as a CMake subproject. They can be enabled by setting
-    ``FMT_DOC``, ``FMT_INSTALL``, and ``FMT_TEST`` in the parent project.
-
-  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
-
-2.0.1 - 2016-03-13
-------------------
-
-* Improved CMake find and package support
-  (`#264 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/264>`_).
-  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
-
-* Fix compile error with Android NDK and mingw32
-  (`#241 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/241>`_).
-  Thanks to `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_.
-
-* Documentation fixes
-  (`#248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/248>`_,
-  `#260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/260>`_).
-
-2.0.0 - 2015-12-01
-------------------
-
-General
-~~~~~~~
-
-* [Breaking] Named arguments
-  (`#169 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/169>`_,
-  `#173 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/173>`_,
-  `#174 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/174>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
-
-  Thanks to `@jamboree <https://github.com/jamboree>`_.
-
-* [Experimental] User-defined literals for format and named arguments
-  (`#204 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/204>`_,
-  `#206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/206>`_,
-  `#207 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/207>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    using namespace fmt::literals;
-    fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", "answer"_a=42);
-
-  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] Formatting of more than 16 arguments is now supported when using
-  variadic templates
-  (`#141 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/141>`_).
-  Thanks to `@Shauren <https://github.com/Shauren>`_.
-
-* Runtime width specification
-  (`#168 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/168>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::format("{0:{1}}", 42, 5); // gives "   42"
-
-  Thanks to `@jamboree <https://github.com/jamboree>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] Enums are now formatted with an overloaded ``std::ostream`` insertion
-  operator (``operator<<``) if available
-  (`#232 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/232>`_).
-
-* [Breaking] Changed default ``bool`` format to textual, "true" or "false"
-  (`#170 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/170>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-  
-    fmt::print("{}", true); // prints "true"
-
-  To print ``bool`` as a number use numeric format specifier such as ``d``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::print("{:d}", true); // prints "1"
-
-* ``fmt::printf`` and ``fmt::sprintf`` now support formatting of ``bool`` with the
-  ``%s`` specifier giving textual output, "true" or "false"
-  (`#223 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/223>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::printf("%s", true); // prints "true"
-
-  Thanks to `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] ``signed char`` and ``unsigned char`` are now formatted as integers by default
-  (`#217 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/217>`_).
-
-* [Breaking] Pointers to C strings can now be formatted with the ``p`` specifier
-  (`#223 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/223>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::print("{:p}", "test"); // prints pointer value
-
-  Thanks to `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] ``fmt::printf`` and ``fmt::sprintf`` now print null pointers as ``(nil)``
-  and null strings as ``(null)`` for consistency with glibc
-  (`#226 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/226>`_).
-  Thanks to `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] ``fmt::(s)printf`` now supports formatting of objects of user-defined types
-  that provide an overloaded ``std::ostream`` insertion operator (``operator<<``)
-  (`#201 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/201>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::printf("The date is %s", Date(2012, 12, 9));
-
-* [Breaking] The ``Buffer`` template is now part of the public API and can be used
-  to implement custom memory buffers
-  (`#140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/140>`_).
-  Thanks to `@polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre) <https://github.com/polyvertex>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] Improved compatibility between ``BasicStringRef`` and
-  `std::experimental::basic_string_view
-  <http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/experimental/basic_string_view>`_
-  (`#100 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/100>`_,
-  `#159 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/159>`_,
-  `#183 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/183>`_):
-
-  - Comparison operators now compare string content, not pointers
-  - ``BasicStringRef::c_str`` replaced by ``BasicStringRef::data``
-  - ``BasicStringRef`` is no longer assumed to be null-terminated
-
-  References to null-terminated strings are now represented by a new class,
-  ``BasicCStringRef``.
-
-* Dependency on pthreads introduced by Google Test is now optional
-  (`#185 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/185>`_).
-
-* New CMake options ``FMT_DOC``, ``FMT_INSTALL`` and ``FMT_TEST`` to control
-  generation of ``doc``, ``install`` and ``test`` targets respectively, on by default
-  (`#197 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/197>`_,
-  `#198 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/198>`_,
-  `#200 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/200>`_).
-  Thanks to `@maddinat0r (Alex Martin) <https://github.com/maddinat0r>`_.
-
-* ``noexcept`` is now used when compiling with MSVC2015
-  (`#215 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/215>`_).
-  Thanks to `@dmkrepo (Dmitriy) <https://github.com/dmkrepo>`_.
-
-* Added an option to disable use of ``windows.h`` when ``FMT_USE_WINDOWS_H``
-  is defined as 0 before including ``format.h``
-  (`#171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/171>`_).
-  Thanks to `@alfps (Alf P. Steinbach) <https://github.com/alfps>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] ``windows.h`` is now included with ``NOMINMAX`` unless
-  ``FMT_WIN_MINMAX`` is defined. This is done to prevent breaking code using
-  ``std::min`` and ``std::max`` and only affects the header-only configuration
-  (`#152 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/152>`_,
-  `#153 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/153>`_,
-  `#154 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/154>`_).
-  Thanks to `@DevO2012 <https://github.com/DevO2012>`_.
-
-* Improved support for custom character types
-  (`#171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/171>`_).
-  Thanks to `@alfps (Alf P. Steinbach) <https://github.com/alfps>`_.
-
-* Added an option to disable use of IOStreams when ``FMT_USE_IOSTREAMS``
-  is defined as 0 before including ``format.h``
-  (`#205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/205>`_,
-  `#208 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/208>`_).
-  Thanks to `@JodiTheTigger <https://github.com/JodiTheTigger>`_.
-
-* Improved detection of ``isnan``, ``isinf`` and ``signbit``.
-
-Optimization
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-* Made formatting of user-defined types more efficient with a custom stream buffer
-  (`#92 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/92>`_,
-  `#230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/230>`_).
-  Thanks to `@NotImplemented <https://github.com/NotImplemented>`_.
-
-* Further improved performance of ``fmt::Writer`` on integer formatting
-  and fixed a minor regression. Now it is ~7% faster than ``karma::generate``
-  on Karma's benchmark
-  (`#186 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/186>`_).
-
-* [Breaking] Reduced `compiled code size
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_
-  (`#143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/143>`_,
-  `#149 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/149>`_).
-
-Distribution
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-* [Breaking] Headers are now installed in
-  ``${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include/cppformat``
-  (`#178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/178>`_).
-  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] Changed the library name from ``format`` to ``cppformat``
-  for consistency with the project name and to avoid potential conflicts
-  (`#178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/178>`_).
-  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
-
-* C++ Format is now available in `Debian <https://www.debian.org/>`_ GNU/Linux
-  (`stretch <https://packages.debian.org/source/stretch/cppformat>`_,
-  `sid <https://packages.debian.org/source/sid/cppformat>`_) and 
-  derived distributions such as
-  `Ubuntu <https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cppformat>`_ 15.10 and later
-  (`#155 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/155>`_)::
-
-    $ sudo apt-get install libcppformat1-dev
-
-  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
-
-* `Packages for Fedora and RHEL <https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/package/cppformat/>`_
-  are now available. Thanks to Dave Johansen.
-  
-* C++ Format can now be installed via `Homebrew <http://brew.sh/>`_ on OS X
-  (`#157 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/157>`_)::
-
-    $ brew install cppformat
-
-  Thanks to `@ortho <https://github.com/ortho>`_, Anatoliy Bulukin.
-
-Documentation
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-* Migrated from ReadTheDocs to GitHub Pages for better responsiveness
-  and reliability
-  (`#128 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/128>`_).
-  New documentation address is http://cppformat.github.io/.
-
-
-* Added `Building the documentation
-  <https://fmt.dev/2.0.0/usage.html#building-the-documentation>`_
-  section to the documentation.
-
-* Documentation build script is now compatible with Python 3 and newer pip versions.
-  (`#189 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/189>`_,
-  `#209 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/209>`_).
-  Thanks to `@JodiTheTigger <https://github.com/JodiTheTigger>`_ and
-  `@xentec <https://github.com/xentec>`_.
-  
-* Documentation fixes and improvements
-  (`#36 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/36>`_,
-  `#75 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/75>`_,
-  `#125 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/125>`_,
-  `#160 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/160>`_,
-  `#161 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/161>`_,
-  `#162 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/162>`_,
-  `#165 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/165>`_,
-  `#210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/210>`_).
-  Thanks to `@syohex (Syohei YOSHIDA) <https://github.com/syohex>`_ and
-  bug reporters.
-
-* Fixed out-of-tree documentation build
-  (`#177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/177>`_).
-  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
-
-Fixes
-~~~~~
-
-* Fixed ``initializer_list`` detection
-  (`#136 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/136>`_).
-  Thanks to `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_.
-
-* [Breaking] Fixed formatting of enums with numeric format specifiers in
-  ``fmt::(s)printf`` 
-  (`#131 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/131>`_,
-  `#139 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/139>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    enum { ANSWER = 42 };
-    fmt::printf("%d", ANSWER);
-
-  Thanks to `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
-
-* Improved compatibility with old versions of MinGW
-  (`#129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/129>`_,
-  `#130 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/130>`_,
-  `#132 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/132>`_).
-  Thanks to `@cstamford (Christopher Stamford) <https://github.com/cstamford>`_.
-
-* Fixed a compile error on MSVC with disabled exceptions
-  (`#144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/144>`_).
-
-* Added a workaround for broken implementation of variadic templates in MSVC2012
-  (`#148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/148>`_).
-
-* Placed the anonymous namespace within ``fmt`` namespace for the header-only
-  configuration
-  (`#171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/171>`_).
-  Thanks to `@alfps (Alf P. Steinbach) <https://github.com/alfps>`_.
-
-* Fixed issues reported by Coverity Scan
-  (`#187 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/187>`_,
-  `#192 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/192>`_).
-
-* Implemented a workaround for a name lookup bug in MSVC2010
-  (`#188 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/188>`_).
-
-* Fixed compiler warnings
-  (`#95 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/95>`_,
-  `#96 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/96>`_,
-  `#114 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/114>`_,
-  `#135 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/135>`_,
-  `#142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/142>`_,
-  `#145 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/145>`_,
-  `#146 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/146>`_,
-  `#158 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/158>`_,
-  `#163 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/163>`_,
-  `#175 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/175>`_,
-  `#190 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/190>`_,
-  `#191 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/191>`_,
-  `#194 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/194>`_,
-  `#196 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/196>`_,
-  `#216 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/216>`_,
-  `#218 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/218>`_,
-  `#220 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/220>`_,
-  `#229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/229>`_,
-  `#233 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/233>`_,
-  `#234 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/234>`_,
-  `#236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/236>`_,
-  `#281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/281>`_,
-  `#289 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/289>`_).
-  Thanks to `@seanmiddleditch (Sean Middleditch) <https://github.com/seanmiddleditch>`_,
-  `@dixlorenz (Dix Lorenz) <https://github.com/dixlorenz>`_,
-  `@CarterLi (李通洲) <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_,
-  `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_,
-  `@fmatthew5876 (Matthew Fioravante) <https://github.com/fmatthew5876>`_,
-  `@LevskiWeng (Levski Weng) <https://github.com/LevskiWeng>`_,
-  `@rpopescu <https://github.com/rpopescu>`_,
-  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
-  `@cubicool (Jeremy Moles) <https://github.com/cubicool>`_,
-  `@jkflying (Julian Kent) <https://github.com/jkflying>`_,
-  `@LogicalKnight (Sean L) <https://github.com/LogicalKnight>`_,
-  `@inguin (Ingo van Lil) <https://github.com/inguin>`_ and
-  `@Jopie64 (Johan) <https://github.com/Jopie64>`_.
-
-* Fixed portability issues (mostly causing test failures) on ARM, ppc64, ppc64le,
-  s390x and SunOS 5.11 i386
-  (`#138 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/138>`_,
-  `#179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/179>`_,
-  `#180 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/180>`_,
-  `#202 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/202>`_,
-  `#225 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/225>`_,
-  `Red Hat Bugzilla Bug 1260297 <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1260297>`_).
-  Thanks to `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_,
-  `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_ and Dave Johansen.
-
-* Fixed a name conflict with macro ``free`` defined in
-  ``crtdbg.h`` when ``_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC`` is set
-  (`#211 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/211>`_).
-
-* Fixed shared library build on OS X
-  (`#212 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/212>`_).
-  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
-
-* Fixed an overload conflict on MSVC when ``/Zc:wchar_t-`` option is specified
-  (`#214 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/214>`_).
-  Thanks to `@slavanap (Vyacheslav Napadovsky) <https://github.com/slavanap>`_.
-
-* Improved compatibility with MSVC 2008
-  (`#236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/236>`_).
-  Thanks to `@Jopie64 (Johan) <https://github.com/Jopie64>`_.
-
-* Improved compatibility with bcc32
-  (`#227 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/227>`_).
-
-* Fixed ``static_assert`` detection on Clang
-  (`#228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/228>`_).
-  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
-
-1.1.0 - 2015-03-06
-------------------
-
-* Added ``BasicArrayWriter``, a class template that provides operations for
-  formatting and writing data into a fixed-size array
-  (`#105 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/105>`_ and
-  `#122 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/122>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-  
-    char buffer[100];
-    fmt::ArrayWriter w(buffer);
-    w.write("The answer is {}", 42);
-
-* Added `0 A.D. <http://play0ad.com/>`_ and `PenUltima Online (POL)
-  <http://www.polserver.com/>`_ to the list of notable projects using C++ Format.
-
-* C++ Format now uses MSVC intrinsics for better formatting performance
-  (`#115 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/115>`_,
-  `#116 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/116>`_,
-  `#118 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/118>`_ and
-  `#121 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/121>`_).
-  Previously these optimizations where only used on GCC and Clang.
-  Thanks to `@CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_ and
-  `@objectx <https://github.com/objectx>`_.
-
-* CMake install target (`#119 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/119>`_).
-  Thanks to `@TrentHouliston <https://github.com/TrentHouliston>`_.
-
-  You can now install C++ Format with ``make install`` command.
-
-* Improved `Biicode <http://www.biicode.com/>`_ support
-  (`#98 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/98>`_ and
-  `#104 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/104>`_). Thanks to
-  `@MariadeAnton <https://github.com/MariadeAnton>`_ and
-  `@franramirez688 <https://github.com/franramirez688>`_.
-
-* Improved support for building with `Android NDK
-  <https://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html>`_
-  (`#107 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/107>`_).
-  Thanks to `@newnon <https://github.com/newnon>`_.
-  
-  The `android-ndk-example <https://github.com/fmtlib/android-ndk-example>`_
-  repository provides and example of using C++ Format with Android NDK:
-
-  .. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fmtlib/android-ndk-example/
-            master/screenshot.png
-
-* Improved documentation of ``SystemError`` and ``WindowsError``
-  (`#54 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/54>`_).
-
-* Various code improvements
-  (`#110 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/110>`_,
-  `#111 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/111>`_
-  `#112 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/112>`_).
-  Thanks to `@CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_.
-
-* Improved compile-time errors when formatting wide into narrow strings
-  (`#117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/117>`_).
-
-* Fixed ``BasicWriter::write`` without formatting arguments when C++11 support
-  is disabled (`#109 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/109>`_).
-
-* Fixed header-only build on OS X with GCC 4.9
-  (`#124 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/124>`_).
-
-* Fixed packaging issues (`#94 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/94>`_).
-
-* Added `changelog <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/ChangeLog.rst>`_
-  (`#103 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/103>`_).
-
-1.0.0 - 2015-02-05
-------------------
-
-* Add support for a header-only configuration when ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` is
-  defined before including ``format.h``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    #define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
-    #include "format.h"
-
-* Compute string length in the constructor of ``BasicStringRef``
-  instead of the ``size`` method
-  (`#79 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/79>`_).
-  This eliminates size computation for string literals on reasonable optimizing
-  compilers.
-
-* Fix formatting of types with overloaded ``operator <<`` for ``std::wostream``
-  (`#86 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/86>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::format(L"The date is {0}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
-
-* Fix linkage of tests on Arch Linux
-  (`#89 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/89>`_).
-
-* Allow precision specifier for non-float arguments
-  (`#90 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/90>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::print("{:.3}\n", "Carpet"); // prints "Car"
-
-* Fix build on Android NDK
-  (`#93 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/93>`_)
-
-* Improvements to documentation build procedure.
-
-* Remove ``FMT_SHARED`` CMake variable in favor of standard `BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-  <http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/variable/BUILD_SHARED_LIBS.html>`_.
-
-* Fix error handling in ``fmt::fprintf``.
-
-* Fix a number of warnings.
-
-0.12.0 - 2014-10-25
--------------------
-
-* [Breaking] Improved separation between formatting and buffer management.
-  ``Writer`` is now a base class that cannot be instantiated directly.
-  The new ``MemoryWriter`` class implements the default buffer management
-  with small allocations done on stack. So ``fmt::Writer`` should be replaced
-  with ``fmt::MemoryWriter`` in variable declarations.
-
-  Old code:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::Writer w;
-
-  New code: 
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::MemoryWriter w;
-
-  If you pass ``fmt::Writer`` by reference, you can continue to do so:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-      void f(fmt::Writer &w);
-
-  This doesn't affect the formatting API.
-
-* Support for custom memory allocators
-  (`#69 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/69>`_)
-
-* Formatting functions now accept `signed char` and `unsigned char` strings as
-  arguments (`#73 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/73>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    auto s = format("GLSL version: {}", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
-
-* Reduced code bloat. According to the new `benchmark results
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_,
-  cppformat is close to ``printf`` and by the order of magnitude better than
-  Boost Format in terms of compiled code size.
-
-* Improved appearance of the documentation on mobile by using the `Sphinx
-  Bootstrap theme <http://ryan-roemer.github.io/sphinx-bootstrap-theme/>`_:
-
-  .. |old| image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/576385/4792130/
-                   cd256436-5de3-11e4-9a62-c077d0c2b003.png
-
-  .. |new| image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/576385/4792131/
-                   cd29896c-5de3-11e4-8f59-cac952942bf0.png
-  
-  +-------+-------+
-  |  Old  |  New  |
-  +-------+-------+
-  | |old| | |new| |
-  +-------+-------+
-
-0.11.0 - 2014-08-21
--------------------
-
-* Safe printf implementation with a POSIX extension for positional arguments:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
-    fmt::printf("%1$s, %3$d %2$s", weekday, month, day);
-
-* Arguments of ``char`` type can now be formatted as integers
-  (Issue `#55 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/55>`_):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::format("0x{0:02X}", 'a');
-
-* Deprecated parts of the API removed.
-
-* The library is now built and tested on MinGW with Appveyor in addition to
-  existing test platforms Linux/GCC, OS X/Clang, Windows/MSVC.
-
-0.10.0 - 2014-07-01
--------------------
-
-**Improved API**
-
-* All formatting methods are now implemented as variadic functions instead
-  of using ``operator<<`` for feeding arbitrary arguments into a temporary
-  formatter object. This works both with C++11 where variadic templates are
-  used and with older standards where variadic functions are emulated by
-  providing lightweight wrapper functions defined with the ``FMT_VARIADIC``
-  macro. You can use this macro for defining your own portable variadic
-  functions:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    void report_error(const char *format, const fmt::ArgList &args) {
-      fmt::print("Error: {}");
-      fmt::print(format, args);
-    }
-    FMT_VARIADIC(void, report_error, const char *)
-
-    report_error("file not found: {}", path);
-
-  Apart from a more natural syntax, this also improves performance as there
-  is no need to construct temporary formatter objects and control arguments'
-  lifetimes. Because the wrapper functions are very lightweight, this doesn't
-  cause code bloat even in pre-C++11 mode.
-
-* Simplified common case of formatting an ``std::string``. Now it requires a
-  single function call:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = format("The answer is {}.", 42);
-
-  Previously it required 2 function calls:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = str(Format("The answer is {}.") << 42);
-
-  Instead of unsafe ``c_str`` function, ``fmt::Writer`` should be used directly
-  to bypass creation of ``std::string``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::Writer w;
-    w.write("The answer is {}.", 42);
-    w.c_str();  // returns a C string
-
-  This doesn't do dynamic memory allocation for small strings and is less error
-  prone as the lifetime of the string is the same as for ``std::string::c_str``
-  which is well understood (hopefully).
-
-* Improved consistency in naming functions that are a part of the public API.
-  Now all public functions are lowercase following the standard library
-  conventions. Previously it was a combination of lowercase and
-  CapitalizedWords.
-  Issue `#50 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/50>`_.
-
-* Old functions are marked as deprecated and will be removed in the next
-  release.
-
-**Other Changes**
-
-* Experimental support for printf format specifications (work in progress):
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    fmt::printf("The answer is %d.", 42);
-    std::string s = fmt::sprintf("Look, a %s!", "string");
-
-* Support for hexadecimal floating point format specifiers ``a`` and ``A``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    print("{:a}", -42.0); // Prints -0x1.5p+5
-    print("{:A}", -42.0); // Prints -0X1.5P+5
-
-* CMake option ``FMT_SHARED`` that specifies whether to build format as a
-  shared library (off by default).
-
-0.9.0 - 2014-05-13
-------------------
-
-* More efficient implementation of variadic formatting functions.
-
-* ``Writer::Format`` now has a variadic overload:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    Writer out;
-    out.Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic");
-
-* For efficiency and consistency with other overloads, variadic overload of
-  the ``Format`` function now returns ``Writer`` instead of ``std::string``.
-  Use the ``str`` function to convert it to ``std::string``:
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = str(Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic"));
-
-* Replaced formatter actions with output sinks: ``NoAction`` -> ``NullSink``,
-  ``Write`` -> ``FileSink``, ``ColorWriter`` -> ``ANSITerminalSink``.
-  This improves naming consistency and shouldn't affect client code unless
-  these classes are used directly which should be rarely needed.
-
-* Added ``ThrowSystemError`` function that formats a message and throws
-  ``SystemError`` containing the formatted message and system-specific error
-  description. For example, the following code
-
-  .. code:: c++
-
-    FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
-    if (!f)
-      ThrowSystemError(errno, "Failed to open file '{}'") << filename;
-
-  will throw ``SystemError`` exception with description
-  "Failed to open file '<filename>': No such file or directory" if file
-  doesn't exist.
-
-* Support for AppVeyor continuous integration platform.
-
-* ``Format`` now throws ``SystemError`` in case of I/O errors.
-
-* Improve test infrastructure. Print functions are now tested by redirecting
-  the output to a pipe.
-
-0.8.0 - 2014-04-14
-------------------
-
-* Initial release
diff --git a/dep/fmt/LICENSE.rst b/dep/fmt/LICENSE
similarity index 100%
rename from dep/fmt/LICENSE.rst
rename to dep/fmt/LICENSE
diff --git a/dep/fmt/README.md b/dep/fmt/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f9249d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dep/fmt/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/156254208-f5b743a9-88cf-439d-b0c0-923d53e8d551.png" alt="{fmt}" width="25%"/>
+
+[![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/linux/badge.svg)](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Alinux)
+[![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/macos/badge.svg)](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Amacos)
+[![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Awindows)
+[![fmt is continuously fuzzed at oss-fuzz](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/fmt.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?\%0Acolspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20\%0ASummary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1)
+[![Ask questions at StackOverflow with the tag fmt](https://img.shields.io/badge/stackoverflow-fmt-blue.svg)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt)
+[![image](https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/fmtlib/fmt/badge)](https://securityscorecards.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/fmtlib/fmt)
+
+**{fmt}** is an open-source formatting library providing a fast and safe
+alternative to C stdio and C++ iostreams.
+
+If you like this project, please consider donating to one of the funds
+that help victims of the war in Ukraine: <https://www.stopputin.net/>.
+
+[Documentation](https://fmt.dev)
+
+[Cheat Sheets](https://hackingcpp.com/cpp/libs/fmt.html)
+
+Q&A: ask questions on [StackOverflow with the tag
+fmt](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt).
+
+Try {fmt} in [Compiler Explorer](https://godbolt.org/z/8Mx1EW73v).
+
+# Features
+
+- Simple [format API](https://fmt.dev/latest/api/) with positional
+  arguments for localization
+- Implementation of [C++20
+  std::format](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format) and
+  [C++23 std::print](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/print)
+- [Format string syntax](https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax/) similar
+  to Python\'s
+  [format](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format)
+- Fast IEEE 754 floating-point formatter with correct rounding,
+  shortness and round-trip guarantees using the
+  [Dragonbox](https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox) algorithm
+- Portable Unicode support
+- Safe [printf
+  implementation](https://fmt.dev/latest/api/#printf-formatting)
+  including the POSIX extension for positional arguments
+- Extensibility: [support for user-defined
+  types](https://fmt.dev/latest/api/#formatting-user-defined-types)
+- High performance: faster than common standard library
+  implementations of `(s)printf`, iostreams, `to_string` and
+  `to_chars`, see [Speed tests](#speed-tests) and [Converting a
+  hundred million integers to strings per
+  second](http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html)
+- Small code size both in terms of source code with the minimum
+  configuration consisting of just three files, `core.h`, `format.h`
+  and `format-inl.h`, and compiled code; see [Compile time and code
+  bloat](#compile-time-and-code-bloat)
+- Reliability: the library has an extensive set of
+  [tests](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/tree/master/test) and is
+  [continuously fuzzed](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1)
+- Safety: the library is fully type-safe, errors in format strings can
+  be reported at compile time, automatic memory management prevents
+  buffer overflow errors
+- Ease of use: small self-contained code base, no external
+  dependencies, permissive MIT
+  [license](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE)
+- [Portability](https://fmt.dev/latest/#portability) with
+  consistent output across platforms and support for older compilers
+- Clean warning-free codebase even on high warning levels such as
+  `-Wall -Wextra -pedantic`
+- Locale independence by default
+- Optional header-only configuration enabled with the
+  `FMT_HEADER_ONLY` macro
+
+See the [documentation](https://fmt.dev) for more details.
+
+# Examples
+
+**Print to stdout** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/Tevcjh))
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+
+int main() {
+  fmt::print("Hello, world!\n");
+}
+```
+
+**Format a string** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/oK8h33))
+
+``` c++
+std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
+// s == "The answer is 42."
+```
+
+**Format a string using positional arguments**
+([run](https://godbolt.org/z/Yn7Txe))
+
+``` c++
+std::string s = fmt::format("I'd rather be {1} than {0}.", "right", "happy");
+// s == "I'd rather be happy than right."
+```
+
+**Print dates and times** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/c31ExdY3W))
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+int main() {
+  auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  fmt::print("Date and time: {}\n", now);
+  fmt::print("Time: {:%H:%M}\n", now);
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+    Date and time: 2023-12-26 19:10:31.557195597
+    Time: 19:10
+
+**Print a container** ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/MxM1YqjE7))
+
+``` c++
+#include <vector>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+int main() {
+  std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+  fmt::print("{}\n", v);
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+    [1, 2, 3]
+
+**Check a format string at compile time**
+
+``` c++
+std::string s = fmt::format("{:d}", "I am not a number");
+```
+
+This gives a compile-time error in C++20 because `d` is an invalid
+format specifier for a string.
+
+**Write a file from a single thread**
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/os.h>
+
+int main() {
+  auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
+  out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
+}
+```
+
+This can be [5 to 9 times faster than
+fprintf](http://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html).
+
+**Print with colors and text styles**
+
+``` c++
+#include <fmt/color.h>
+
+int main() {
+  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
+             "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
+  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
+             fmt::emphasis::underline, "Olá, {}!\n", "Mundo");
+  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
+             "你好{}！\n", "世界");
+}
+```
+
+Output on a modern terminal with Unicode support:
+
+![image](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/assets/%0A576385/2a93c904-d6fa-4aa6-b453-2618e1c327d7)
+
+# Benchmarks
+
+## Speed tests
+
+| Library           | Method        | Run Time, s |
+|-------------------|---------------|-------------|
+| libc              | printf        |   0.91      |
+| libc++            | std::ostream  |   2.49      |
+| {fmt} 9.1         | fmt::print    |   0.74      |
+| Boost Format 1.80 | boost::format |   6.26      |
+| Folly Format      | folly::format |   1.87      |
+
+{fmt} is the fastest of the benchmarked methods, \~20% faster than
+`printf`.
+
+The above results were generated by building `tinyformat_test.cpp` on
+macOS 12.6.1 with `clang++ -O3 -DNDEBUG -DSPEED_TEST -DHAVE_FORMAT`, and
+taking the best of three runs. In the test, the format string
+`"%0.10f:%04d:%+g:%s:%p:%c:%%\n"` or equivalent is filled 2,000,000
+times with output sent to `/dev/null`; for further details refer to the
+[source](https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/src/tinyformat-test.cc).
+
+{fmt} is up to 20-30x faster than `std::ostringstream` and `sprintf` on
+IEEE754 `float` and `double` formatting
+([dtoa-benchmark](https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark)) and faster
+than [double-conversion](https://github.com/google/double-conversion)
+and [ryu](https://github.com/ulfjack/ryu):
+
+[![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png)](https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang12.0.html)
+
+## Compile time and code bloat
+
+The script [bloat-test.py][test] from [format-benchmark][bench] tests compile
+time and code bloat for nontrivial projects. It generates 100 translation units
+and uses `printf()` or its alternative five times in each to simulate a
+medium-sized project. The resulting executable size and compile time (Apple
+clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.1.0.2.5), macOS Sonoma, best of three) is shown
+in the following tables.
+
+[test]: https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/bloat-test.py
+[bench]: https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark
+
+**Optimized build (-O3)**
+
+| Method        | Compile Time, s | Executable size, KiB | Stripped size, KiB |
+|---------------|-----------------|----------------------|--------------------|
+| printf        |             1.6 |                   54 |                 50 |
+| IOStreams     |            25.9 |                   98 |                 84 |
+| fmt 83652df   |             4.8 |                   54 |                 50 |
+| tinyformat    |            29.1 |                  161 |                136 |
+| Boost Format  |            55.0 |                  530 |                317 |
+
+{fmt} is fast to compile and is comparable to `printf` in terms of per-call
+binary size (within a rounding error on this system).
+
+**Non-optimized build**
+
+| Method        | Compile Time, s | Executable size, KiB | Stripped size, KiB |
+|---------------|-----------------|----------------------|--------------------|
+| printf        |             1.4 |                   54 |                 50 |
+| IOStreams     |            23.4 |                   92 |                 68 |
+| {fmt} 83652df |             4.4 |                   89 |                 85 |
+| tinyformat    |            24.5 |                  204 |                161 |
+| Boost Format  |            36.4 |                  831 |                462 |
+
+`libc`, `lib(std)c++`, and `libfmt` are all linked as shared libraries
+to compare formatting function overhead only. Boost Format is a
+header-only library so it doesn\'t provide any linkage options.
+
+## Running the tests
+
+Please refer to [Building the
+library](https://fmt.dev/latest/get-started/#building-from-source) for
+instructions on how to build the library and run the unit tests.
+
+Benchmarks reside in a separate repository,
+[format-benchmarks](https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark), so to
+run the benchmarks you first need to clone this repository and generate
+Makefiles with CMake:
+
+    $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark.git
+    $ cd format-benchmark
+    $ cmake .
+
+Then you can run the speed test:
+
+    $ make speed-test
+
+or the bloat test:
+
+    $ make bloat-test
+
+# Migrating code
+
+[clang-tidy](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) v18 provides the
+[modernize-use-std-print](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/modernize/use-std-print.html)
+check that is capable of converting occurrences of `printf` and
+`fprintf` to `fmt::print` if configured to do so. (By default it
+converts to `std::print`.)
+
+# Notable projects using this library
+
+- [0 A.D.](https://play0ad.com/): a free, open-source, cross-platform
+  real-time strategy game
+- [AMPL/MP](https://github.com/ampl/mp): an open-source library for
+  mathematical programming
+- [Apple's FoundationDB](https://github.com/apple/foundationdb): an open-source,
+  distributed, transactional key-value store
+- [Aseprite](https://github.com/aseprite/aseprite): animated sprite
+  editor & pixel art tool
+- [AvioBook](https://www.aviobook.aero/en): a comprehensive aircraft
+  operations suite
+- [Blizzard Battle.net](https://battle.net/): an online gaming
+  platform
+- [Celestia](https://celestia.space/): real-time 3D visualization of
+  space
+- [Ceph](https://ceph.com/): a scalable distributed storage system
+- [ccache](https://ccache.dev/): a compiler cache
+- [ClickHouse](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse): an
+  analytical database management system
+- [Contour](https://github.com/contour-terminal/contour/): a modern
+  terminal emulator
+- [CUAUV](https://cuauv.org/): Cornell University\'s autonomous
+  underwater vehicle
+- [Drake](https://drake.mit.edu/): a planning, control, and analysis
+  toolbox for nonlinear dynamical systems (MIT)
+- [Envoy](https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy): C++ L7 proxy and
+  communication bus (Lyft)
+- [FiveM](https://fivem.net/): a modification framework for GTA V
+- [fmtlog](https://github.com/MengRao/fmtlog): a performant
+  fmtlib-style logging library with latency in nanoseconds
+- [Folly](https://github.com/facebook/folly): Facebook open-source
+  library
+- [GemRB](https://gemrb.org/): a portable open-source implementation
+  of Bioware's Infinity Engine
+- [Grand Mountain
+  Adventure](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1247360/Grand_Mountain_Adventure/):
+  a beautiful open-world ski & snowboarding game
+- [HarpyWar/pvpgn](https://github.com/pvpgn/pvpgn-server): Player vs
+  Player Gaming Network with tweaks
+- [KBEngine](https://github.com/kbengine/kbengine): an open-source
+  MMOG server engine
+- [Keypirinha](https://keypirinha.com/): a semantic launcher for
+  Windows
+- [Kodi](https://kodi.tv/) (formerly xbmc): home theater software
+- [Knuth](https://kth.cash/): high-performance Bitcoin full-node
+- [libunicode](https://github.com/contour-terminal/libunicode/): a
+  modern C++17 Unicode library
+- [MariaDB](https://mariadb.org/): relational database management
+  system
+- [Microsoft Verona](https://github.com/microsoft/verona): research
+  programming language for concurrent ownership
+- [MongoDB](https://mongodb.com/): distributed document database
+- [MongoDB Smasher](https://github.com/duckie/mongo_smasher): a small
+  tool to generate randomized datasets
+- [OpenSpace](https://openspaceproject.com/): an open-source
+  astrovisualization framework
+- [PenUltima Online (POL)](https://www.polserver.com/): an MMO server,
+  compatible with most Ultima Online clients
+- [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch): an open-source
+  machine learning library
+- [quasardb](https://www.quasardb.net/): a distributed,
+  high-performance, associative database
+- [Quill](https://github.com/odygrd/quill): asynchronous low-latency
+  logging library
+- [QKW](https://github.com/ravijanjam/qkw): generalizing aliasing to
+  simplify navigation, and execute complex multi-line terminal
+  command sequences
+- [redis-cerberus](https://github.com/HunanTV/redis-cerberus): a Redis
+  cluster proxy
+- [redpanda](https://vectorized.io/redpanda): a 10x faster Kafka®
+  replacement for mission-critical systems written in C++
+- [rpclib](http://rpclib.net/): a modern C++ msgpack-RPC server and
+  client library
+- [Salesforce Analytics
+  Cloud](https://www.salesforce.com/analytics-cloud/overview/):
+  business intelligence software
+- [Scylla](https://www.scylladb.com/): a Cassandra-compatible NoSQL
+  data store that can handle 1 million transactions per second on a
+  single server
+- [Seastar](http://www.seastar-project.org/): an advanced, open-source
+  C++ framework for high-performance server applications on modern
+  hardware
+- [spdlog](https://github.com/gabime/spdlog): super fast C++ logging
+  library
+- [Stellar](https://www.stellar.org/): financial platform
+- [Touch Surgery](https://www.touchsurgery.com/): surgery simulator
+- [TrinityCore](https://github.com/TrinityCore/TrinityCore):
+  open-source MMORPG framework
+- [🐙 userver framework](https://userver.tech/): open-source
+  asynchronous framework with a rich set of abstractions and database
+  drivers
+- [Windows Terminal](https://github.com/microsoft/terminal): the new
+  Windows terminal
+
+[More\...](https://github.com/search?q=fmtlib&type=Code)
+
+If you are aware of other projects using this library, please let me
+know by [email](mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com) or by submitting an
+[issue](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues).
+
+# Motivation
+
+So why yet another formatting library?
+
+There are plenty of methods for doing this task, from standard ones like
+the printf family of function and iostreams to Boost Format and
+FastFormat libraries. The reason for creating a new library is that
+every existing solution that I found either had serious issues or
+didn\'t provide all the features I needed.
+
+## printf
+
+The good thing about `printf` is that it is pretty fast and readily
+available being a part of the C standard library. The main drawback is
+that it doesn\'t support user-defined types. `printf` also has safety
+issues although they are somewhat mitigated with [\_\_attribute\_\_
+((format (printf,
+\...))](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html) in
+GCC. There is a POSIX extension that adds positional arguments required
+for
+[i18n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization)
+to `printf` but it is not a part of C99 and may not be available on some
+platforms.
+
+## iostreams
+
+The main issue with iostreams is best illustrated with an example:
+
+``` c++
+std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
+```
+
+which is a lot of typing compared to printf:
+
+``` c++
+printf("%.2f\n", 1.23456);
+```
+
+Matthew Wilson, the author of FastFormat, called this \"chevron hell\".
+iostreams don\'t support positional arguments by design.
+
+The good part is that iostreams support user-defined types and are safe
+although error handling is awkward.
+
+## Boost Format
+
+This is a very powerful library that supports both `printf`-like format
+strings and positional arguments. Its main drawback is performance.
+According to various benchmarks, it is much slower than other methods
+considered here. Boost Format also has excessive build times and severe
+code bloat issues (see [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)).
+
+## FastFormat
+
+This is an interesting library that is fast, safe and has positional
+arguments. However, it has significant limitations, citing its author:
+
+> Three features that have no hope of being accommodated within the
+> current design are:
+>
+> - Leading zeros (or any other non-space padding)
+> - Octal/hexadecimal encoding
+> - Runtime width/alignment specification
+
+It is also quite big and has a heavy dependency, on STLSoft, which might be
+too restrictive for use in some projects.
+
+## Boost Spirit.Karma
+
+This is not a formatting library but I decided to include it here for
+completeness. As iostreams, it suffers from the problem of mixing
+verbatim text with arguments. The library is pretty fast, but slower on
+integer formatting than `fmt::format_to` with format string compilation
+on Karma\'s own benchmark, see [Converting a hundred million integers to
+strings per
+second](http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html).
+
+# License
+
+{fmt} is distributed under the MIT
+[license](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE).
+
+# Documentation License
+
+The [Format String Syntax](https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax/) section
+in the documentation is based on the one from Python [string module
+documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string).
+For this reason, the documentation is distributed under the Python
+Software Foundation license available in
+[doc/python-license.txt](https://raw.github.com/fmtlib/fmt/master/doc/python-license.txt).
+It only applies if you distribute the documentation of {fmt}.
+
+# Maintainers
+
+The {fmt} library is maintained by Victor Zverovich
+([vitaut](https://github.com/vitaut)) with contributions from many other
+people. See
+[Contributors](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/graphs/contributors) and
+[Releases](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases) for some of the
+names. Let us know if your contribution is not listed or mentioned
+incorrectly and we\'ll make it right.
+
+# Security Policy
+
+To report a security issue, please disclose it at [security
+advisory](https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/security/advisories/new).
+
+This project is maintained by a team of volunteers on a
+reasonable-effort basis. As such, please give us at least *90* days to
+work on a fix before public exposure.
diff --git a/dep/fmt/README.rst b/dep/fmt/README.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 44bb6868c..000000000
--- a/dep/fmt/README.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,545 +0,0 @@
-.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/
-           576385/156254208-f5b743a9-88cf-439d-b0c0-923d53e8d551.png
-   :width: 25%
-   :alt: {fmt}
-
-.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/linux/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Alinux
-
-.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/macos/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Amacos
-
-.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/windows/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Awindows
-
-.. image:: https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/fmt.svg
-   :alt: fmt is continuously fuzzed at oss-fuzz
-   :target: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?\
-            colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20\
-            Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1
-
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/stackoverflow-fmt-blue.svg
-   :alt: Ask questions at StackOverflow with the tag fmt
-   :target: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt
-
-.. image:: https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/fmtlib/fmt/badge
-   :target: https://securityscorecards.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/fmtlib/fmt
-
-**{fmt}** is an open-source formatting library providing a fast and safe
-alternative to C stdio and C++ iostreams.
-
-If you like this project, please consider donating to one of the funds that
-help victims of the war in Ukraine: https://www.stopputin.net/.
-
-`Documentation <https://fmt.dev>`__
-
-`Cheat Sheets <https://hackingcpp.com/cpp/libs/fmt.html>`__
-
-Q&A: ask questions on `StackOverflow with the tag fmt
-<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt>`_.
-
-Try {fmt} in `Compiler Explorer <https://godbolt.org/z/Eq5763>`_.
-
-Features
---------
-
-* Simple `format API <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html>`_ with positional arguments
-  for localization
-* Implementation of `C++20 std::format
-  <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format>`__
-* `Format string syntax <https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html>`_ similar to Python's
-  `format <https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format>`_
-* Fast IEEE 754 floating-point formatter with correct rounding, shortness and
-  round-trip guarantees using the `Dragonbox <https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox>`_
-  algorithm
-* Portable Unicode support
-* Safe `printf implementation
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#printf-formatting>`_ including the POSIX
-  extension for positional arguments
-* Extensibility: `support for user-defined types
-  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#formatting-user-defined-types>`_
-* High performance: faster than common standard library implementations of
-  ``(s)printf``, iostreams, ``to_string`` and ``to_chars``, see `Speed tests`_
-  and `Converting a hundred million integers to strings per second
-  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_
-* Small code size both in terms of source code with the minimum configuration
-  consisting of just three files, ``core.h``, ``format.h`` and ``format-inl.h``,
-  and compiled code; see `Compile time and code bloat`_
-* Reliability: the library has an extensive set of `tests
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/tree/master/test>`_ and is `continuously fuzzed
-  <https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?colspec=ID%20Type%20
-  Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1>`_
-* Safety: the library is fully type-safe, errors in format strings can be
-  reported at compile time, automatic memory management prevents buffer overflow
-  errors
-* Ease of use: small self-contained code base, no external dependencies,
-  permissive MIT `license
-  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
-* `Portability <https://fmt.dev/latest/index.html#portability>`_ with
-  consistent output across platforms and support for older compilers
-* Clean warning-free codebase even on high warning levels such as
-  ``-Wall -Wextra -pedantic``
-* Locale independence by default
-* Optional header-only configuration enabled with the ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` macro
-
-See the `documentation <https://fmt.dev>`_ for more details.
-
-Examples
---------
-
-**Print to stdout** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/Tevcjh>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/core.h>
-    
-    int main() {
-      fmt::print("Hello, world!\n");
-    }
-
-**Format a string** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/oK8h33>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
-    // s == "The answer is 42."
-
-**Format a string using positional arguments** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/Yn7Txe>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("I'd rather be {1} than {0}.", "right", "happy");
-    // s == "I'd rather be happy than right."
-
-**Print chrono durations** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/K8s4Mc>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/chrono.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
-      fmt::print("Default format: {} {}\n", 42s, 100ms);
-      fmt::print("strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}\n", 3h + 15min + 30s);
-    }
-
-Output::
-
-    Default format: 42s 100ms
-    strftime-like format: 03:15:30
-
-**Print a container** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/MxM1YqjE7>`_)
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <vector>
-    #include <fmt/ranges.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
-      fmt::print("{}\n", v);
-    }
-
-Output::
-
-    [1, 2, 3]
-
-**Check a format string at compile time**
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::string s = fmt::format("{:d}", "I am not a number");
-
-This gives a compile-time error in C++20 because ``d`` is an invalid format
-specifier for a string.
-
-**Write a file from a single thread**
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/os.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
-      out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
-    }
-
-This can be `5 to 9 times faster than fprintf
-<http://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html>`_.
-
-**Print with colors and text styles**
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    #include <fmt/color.h>
-
-    int main() {
-      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
-                 "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
-      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
-                 fmt::emphasis::underline, "Hello, {}!\n", "мир");
-      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
-                 "Hello, {}!\n", "世界");
-    }
-
-Output on a modern terminal:
-
-.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/
-           576385/88485597-d312f600-cf2b-11ea-9cbe-61f535a86e28.png
-
-Benchmarks
-----------
-
-Speed tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-================= ============= ===========
-Library           Method        Run Time, s
-================= ============= ===========
-libc              printf          0.91
-libc++            std::ostream    2.49
-{fmt} 9.1         fmt::print      0.74
-Boost Format 1.80 boost::format   6.26
-Folly Format      folly::format   1.87
-================= ============= ===========
-
-{fmt} is the fastest of the benchmarked methods, ~20% faster than ``printf``.
-
-The above results were generated by building ``tinyformat_test.cpp`` on macOS
-12.6.1 with ``clang++ -O3 -DNDEBUG -DSPEED_TEST -DHAVE_FORMAT``, and taking the
-best of three runs. In the test, the format string ``"%0.10f:%04d:%+g:%s:%p:%c:%%\n"``
-or equivalent is filled 2,000,000 times with output sent to ``/dev/null``; for
-further details refer to the `source
-<https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/src/tinyformat-test.cc>`_.
-
-{fmt} is up to 20-30x faster than ``std::ostringstream`` and ``sprintf`` on
-IEEE754 ``float`` and ``double`` formatting (`dtoa-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_)
-and faster than `double-conversion <https://github.com/google/double-conversion>`_ and
-`ryu <https://github.com/ulfjack/ryu>`_:
-
-.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
-           95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png
-   :target: https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang12.0.html
-
-Compile time and code bloat
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The script `bloat-test.py
-<https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/bloat-test.py>`_
-from `format-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark>`_
-tests compile time and code bloat for nontrivial projects.
-It generates 100 translation units and uses ``printf()`` or its alternative
-five times in each to simulate a medium-sized project.  The resulting
-executable size and compile time (Apple LLVM version 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42),
-macOS Sierra, best of three) is shown in the following tables.
-
-**Optimized build (-O3)**
-
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-Method        Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-printf                    2.6                   29                 26
-printf+string            16.4                   29                 26
-iostreams                31.1                   59                 55
-{fmt}                    19.0                   37                 34
-Boost Format             91.9                  226                203
-Folly Format            115.7                  101                 88
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-
-As you can see, {fmt} has 60% less overhead in terms of resulting binary code
-size compared to iostreams and comes pretty close to ``printf``. Boost Format
-and Folly Format have the largest overheads.
-
-``printf+string`` is the same as ``printf`` but with an extra ``<string>``
-include to measure the overhead of the latter.
-
-**Non-optimized build**
-
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-Method        Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-printf                    2.2                   33                 30
-printf+string            16.0                   33                 30
-iostreams                28.3                   56                 52
-{fmt}                    18.2                   59                 50
-Boost Format             54.1                  365                303
-Folly Format             79.9                  445                430
-============= =============== ==================== ==================
-
-``libc``, ``lib(std)c++``, and ``libfmt`` are all linked as shared libraries to
-compare formatting function overhead only. Boost Format is a
-header-only library so it doesn't provide any linkage options.
-
-Running the tests
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Please refer to `Building the library`__ for instructions on how to build
-the library and run the unit tests.
-
-__ https://fmt.dev/latest/usage.html#building-the-library
-
-Benchmarks reside in a separate repository,
-`format-benchmarks <https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark>`_,
-so to run the benchmarks you first need to clone this repository and
-generate Makefiles with CMake::
-
-    $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark.git
-    $ cd format-benchmark
-    $ cmake .
-
-Then you can run the speed test::
-
-    $ make speed-test
-
-or the bloat test::
-
-    $ make bloat-test
-    
-Migrating code
---------------
-
-`clang-tidy <https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/>`_ v17 (not yet
-released) provides the `modernize-use-std-print
-<https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/checks/modernize/use-std-print.html>`_
-check that is capable of converting occurrences of ``printf`` and
-``fprintf`` to ``fmt::print`` if configured to do so. (By default it
-converts to ``std::print``.)
-
-Projects using this library
----------------------------
-
-* `0 A.D. <https://play0ad.com/>`_: a free, open-source, cross-platform
-  real-time strategy game
-
-* `AMPL/MP <https://github.com/ampl/mp>`_:
-  an open-source library for mathematical programming
-
-* `Aseprite <https://github.com/aseprite/aseprite>`_:
-  animated sprite editor & pixel art tool 
-
-* `AvioBook <https://www.aviobook.aero/en>`_: a comprehensive aircraft
-  operations suite
-  
-* `Blizzard Battle.net <https://battle.net/>`_: an online gaming platform
-  
-* `Celestia <https://celestia.space/>`_: real-time 3D visualization of space
-
-* `Ceph <https://ceph.com/>`_: a scalable distributed storage system
-
-* `ccache <https://ccache.dev/>`_: a compiler cache
-
-* `ClickHouse <https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse>`_: an analytical database
-  management system
-  
-* `Contour <https://github.com/contour-terminal/contour/>`_: a modern terminal emulator
-
-* `CUAUV <https://cuauv.org/>`_: Cornell University's autonomous underwater
-  vehicle
-
-* `Drake <https://drake.mit.edu/>`_: a planning, control, and analysis toolbox
-  for nonlinear dynamical systems (MIT)
-
-* `Envoy <https://lyft.github.io/envoy/>`_: C++ L7 proxy and communication bus
-  (Lyft)
-
-* `FiveM <https://fivem.net/>`_: a modification framework for GTA V
-
-* `fmtlog <https://github.com/MengRao/fmtlog>`_: a performant fmtlib-style
-  logging library with latency in nanoseconds
-
-* `Folly <https://github.com/facebook/folly>`_: Facebook open-source library
-
-* `GemRB <https://gemrb.org/>`_: a portable open-source implementation of
-  Bioware’s Infinity Engine
-
-* `Grand Mountain Adventure
-  <https://store.steampowered.com/app/1247360/Grand_Mountain_Adventure/>`_:
-  a beautiful open-world ski & snowboarding game
-
-* `HarpyWar/pvpgn <https://github.com/pvpgn/pvpgn-server>`_:
-  Player vs Player Gaming Network with tweaks
-
-* `KBEngine <https://github.com/kbengine/kbengine>`_: an open-source MMOG server
-  engine
-
-* `Keypirinha <https://keypirinha.com/>`_: a semantic launcher for Windows
-
-* `Kodi <https://kodi.tv/>`_ (formerly xbmc): home theater software
-
-* `Knuth <https://kth.cash/>`_: high-performance Bitcoin full-node
-
-* `libunicode <https://github.com/contour-terminal/libunicode/>`_: a modern C++17 Unicode library
-
-* `MariaDB <https://mariadb.org/>`_: relational database management system
-
-* `Microsoft Verona <https://github.com/microsoft/verona>`_:
-  research programming language for concurrent ownership
-
-* `MongoDB <https://mongodb.com/>`_: distributed document database
-
-* `MongoDB Smasher <https://github.com/duckie/mongo_smasher>`_: a small tool to
-  generate randomized datasets
-
-* `OpenSpace <https://openspaceproject.com/>`_: an open-source
-  astrovisualization framework
-
-* `PenUltima Online (POL) <https://www.polserver.com/>`_:
-  an MMO server, compatible with most Ultima Online clients
-
-* `PyTorch <https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch>`_: an open-source machine
-  learning library
-
-* `quasardb <https://www.quasardb.net/>`_: a distributed, high-performance,
-  associative database
-  
-* `Quill <https://github.com/odygrd/quill>`_: asynchronous low-latency logging library
-
-* `QKW <https://github.com/ravijanjam/qkw>`_: generalizing aliasing to simplify
-  navigation, and executing complex multi-line terminal command sequences
-
-* `redis-cerberus <https://github.com/HunanTV/redis-cerberus>`_: a Redis cluster
-  proxy
-
-* `redpanda <https://vectorized.io/redpanda>`_: a 10x faster Kafka® replacement
-  for mission-critical systems written in C++
-
-* `rpclib <http://rpclib.net/>`_: a modern C++ msgpack-RPC server and client
-  library
-
-* `Salesforce Analytics Cloud
-  <https://www.salesforce.com/analytics-cloud/overview/>`_:
-  business intelligence software
-
-* `Scylla <https://www.scylladb.com/>`_: a Cassandra-compatible NoSQL data store
-  that can handle 1 million transactions per second on a single server
-
-* `Seastar <http://www.seastar-project.org/>`_: an advanced, open-source C++
-  framework for high-performance server applications on modern hardware
-
-* `spdlog <https://github.com/gabime/spdlog>`_: super fast C++ logging library
-
-* `Stellar <https://www.stellar.org/>`_: financial platform
-
-* `Touch Surgery <https://www.touchsurgery.com/>`_: surgery simulator
-
-* `TrinityCore <https://github.com/TrinityCore/TrinityCore>`_: open-source
-  MMORPG framework
-
-* `🐙 userver framework <https://userver.tech/>`_: open-source asynchronous
-  framework with a rich set of abstractions and database drivers
-
-* `Windows Terminal <https://github.com/microsoft/terminal>`_: the new Windows
-  terminal
-
-`More... <https://github.com/search?q=fmtlib&type=Code>`_
-
-If you are aware of other projects using this library, please let me know
-by `email <mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com>`_ or by submitting an
-`issue <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues>`_.
-
-Motivation
-----------
-
-So why yet another formatting library?
-
-There are plenty of methods for doing this task, from standard ones like
-the printf family of function and iostreams to Boost Format and FastFormat
-libraries. The reason for creating a new library is that every existing
-solution that I found either had serious issues or didn't provide
-all the features I needed.
-
-printf
-~~~~~~
-
-The good thing about ``printf`` is that it is pretty fast and readily available
-being a part of the C standard library. The main drawback is that it
-doesn't support user-defined types. ``printf`` also has safety issues although
-they are somewhat mitigated with `__attribute__ ((format (printf, ...))
-<https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html>`_ in GCC.
-There is a POSIX extension that adds positional arguments required for
-`i18n <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization>`_
-to ``printf`` but it is not a part of C99 and may not be available on some
-platforms.
-
-iostreams
-~~~~~~~~~
-
-The main issue with iostreams is best illustrated with an example:
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
-
-which is a lot of typing compared to printf:
-
-.. code:: c++
-
-    printf("%.2f\n", 1.23456);
-
-Matthew Wilson, the author of FastFormat, called this "chevron hell". iostreams
-don't support positional arguments by design.
-
-The good part is that iostreams support user-defined types and are safe although
-error handling is awkward.
-
-Boost Format
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This is a very powerful library that supports both ``printf``-like format
-strings and positional arguments. Its main drawback is performance. According to
-various benchmarks, it is much slower than other methods considered here. Boost
-Format also has excessive build times and severe code bloat issues (see
-`Benchmarks`_).
-
-FastFormat
-~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This is an interesting library that is fast, safe, and has positional arguments.
-However, it has significant limitations, citing its author:
-
-    Three features that have no hope of being accommodated within the
-    current design are:
-
-    * Leading zeros (or any other non-space padding)
-    * Octal/hexadecimal encoding
-    * Runtime width/alignment specification
-
-It is also quite big and has a heavy dependency, STLSoft, which might be too
-restrictive for using it in some projects.
-
-Boost Spirit.Karma
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-This is not a formatting library but I decided to include it here for
-completeness. As iostreams, it suffers from the problem of mixing verbatim text
-with arguments. The library is pretty fast, but slower on integer formatting
-than ``fmt::format_to`` with format string compilation on Karma's own benchmark,
-see `Converting a hundred million integers to strings per second
-<http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_.
-
-License
--------
-
-{fmt} is distributed under the MIT `license
-<https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_.
-
-Documentation License
----------------------
-
-The `Format String Syntax <https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html>`_
-section in the documentation is based on the one from Python `string module
-documentation <https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string>`_.
-For this reason, the documentation is distributed under the Python Software
-Foundation license available in `doc/python-license.txt
-<https://raw.github.com/fmtlib/fmt/master/doc/python-license.txt>`_.
-It only applies if you distribute the documentation of {fmt}.
-
-Maintainers
------------
-
-The {fmt} library is maintained by Victor Zverovich (`vitaut
-<https://github.com/vitaut>`_) with contributions from many other people.
-See `Contributors <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/graphs/contributors>`_ and
-`Releases <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases>`_ for some of the names.
-Let us know if your contribution is not listed or mentioned incorrectly and
-we'll make it right.
diff --git a/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj b/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj
index 21fd13017..4a0156e9b 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj
+++ b/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\args.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\base.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\chrono.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\color.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\compile.h" />
diff --git a/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj.filters b/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj.filters
index 0441d1d20..9ee7481a5 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/dep/fmt/fmt.vcxproj.filters
@@ -18,5 +18,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\args.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\chrono.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\color.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\fmt\base.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/args.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/args.h
index 2d684e7cc..31a60e8fa 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/args.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/args.h
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
 #ifndef FMT_ARGS_H_
 #define FMT_ARGS_H_
 
-#include <functional>  // std::reference_wrapper
-#include <memory>      // std::unique_ptr
-#include <vector>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <functional>  // std::reference_wrapper
+#  include <memory>      // std::unique_ptr
+#  include <vector>
+#endif
 
-#include "core.h"
+#include "format.h"  // std_string_view
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
@@ -22,20 +24,24 @@ template <typename T> struct is_reference_wrapper : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T>
 struct is_reference_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type {};
 
-template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const T& v) { return v; }
-template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const std::reference_wrapper<T>& v) {
+template <typename T> auto unwrap(const T& v) -> const T& { return v; }
+template <typename T>
+auto unwrap(const std::reference_wrapper<T>& v) -> const T& {
   return static_cast<const T&>(v);
 }
 
-class dynamic_arg_list {
-  // Workaround for clang's -Wweak-vtables. Unlike for regular classes, for
-  // templates it doesn't complain about inability to deduce single translation
-  // unit for placing vtable. So storage_node_base is made a fake template.
-  template <typename = void> struct node {
-    virtual ~node() = default;
-    std::unique_ptr<node<>> next;
-  };
+// node is defined outside dynamic_arg_list to workaround a C2504 bug in MSVC
+// 2022 (v17.10.0).
+//
+// Workaround for clang's -Wweak-vtables. Unlike for regular classes, for
+// templates it doesn't complain about inability to deduce single translation
+// unit for placing vtable. So node is made a fake template.
+template <typename = void> struct node {
+  virtual ~node() = default;
+  std::unique_ptr<node<>> next;
+};
 
+class dynamic_arg_list {
   template <typename T> struct typed_node : node<> {
     T value;
 
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ class dynamic_arg_list {
   std::unique_ptr<node<>> head_;
 
  public:
-  template <typename T, typename Arg> const T& push(const Arg& arg) {
+  template <typename T, typename Arg> auto push(const Arg& arg) -> const T& {
     auto new_node = std::unique_ptr<typed_node<T>>(new typed_node<T>(arg));
     auto& value = new_node->value;
     new_node->next = std::move(head_);
@@ -61,14 +67,10 @@ class dynamic_arg_list {
 }  // namespace detail
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  A dynamic version of `fmt::format_arg_store`.
-  It's equipped with a storage to potentially temporary objects which lifetimes
-  could be shorter than the format arguments object.
-
-  It can be implicitly converted into `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing
-  into type-erased formatting functions such as `~fmt::vformat`.
-  \endrst
+ * A dynamic list of formatting arguments with storage.
+ *
+ * It can be implicitly converted into `fmt::basic_format_args` for passing
+ * into type-erased formatting functions such as `fmt::vformat`.
  */
 template <typename Context>
 class dynamic_format_arg_store
@@ -110,14 +112,14 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
 
   friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
 
-  unsigned long long get_types() const {
+  auto get_types() const -> unsigned long long {
     return detail::is_unpacked_bit | data_.size() |
            (named_info_.empty()
                 ? 0ULL
                 : static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit));
   }
 
-  const basic_format_arg<Context>* data() const {
+  auto data() const -> const basic_format_arg<Context>* {
     return named_info_.empty() ? data_.data() : data_.data() + 1;
   }
 
@@ -146,22 +148,20 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
   constexpr dynamic_format_arg_store() = default;
 
   /**
-    \rst
-    Adds an argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
-    function.
-
-    Note that custom types and string types (but not string views) are copied
-    into the store dynamically allocating memory if necessary.
-
-    **Example**::
-
-      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
-      store.push_back(42);
-      store.push_back("abc");
-      store.push_back(1.5f);
-      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {} and {}", store);
-    \endrst
-  */
+   * Adds an argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+   * function.
+   *
+   * Note that custom types and string types (but not string views) are copied
+   * into the store dynamically allocating memory if necessary.
+   *
+   * **Example**:
+   *
+   *     fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+   *     store.push_back(42);
+   *     store.push_back("abc");
+   *     store.push_back(1.5f);
+   *     std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {} and {}", store);
+   */
   template <typename T> void push_back(const T& arg) {
     if (detail::const_check(need_copy<T>::value))
       emplace_arg(dynamic_args_.push<stored_type<T>>(arg));
@@ -170,20 +170,18 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
   }
 
   /**
-    \rst
-    Adds a reference to the argument into the dynamic store for later passing to
-    a formatting function.
-
-    **Example**::
-
-      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
-      char band[] = "Rolling Stones";
-      store.push_back(std::cref(band));
-      band[9] = 'c'; // Changing str affects the output.
-      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{}", store);
-      // result == "Rolling Scones"
-    \endrst
-  */
+   * Adds a reference to the argument into the dynamic store for later passing
+   * to a formatting function.
+   *
+   * **Example**:
+   *
+   *     fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+   *     char band[] = "Rolling Stones";
+   *     store.push_back(std::cref(band));
+   *     band[9] = 'c'; // Changing str affects the output.
+   *     std::string result = fmt::vformat("{}", store);
+   *     // result == "Rolling Scones"
+   */
   template <typename T> void push_back(std::reference_wrapper<T> arg) {
     static_assert(
         need_copy<T>::value,
@@ -192,10 +190,10 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
   }
 
   /**
-    Adds named argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
-    function. ``std::reference_wrapper`` is supported to avoid copying of the
-    argument. The name is always copied into the store.
-  */
+   * Adds named argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a
+   * formatting function. `std::reference_wrapper` is supported to avoid
+   * copying of the argument. The name is always copied into the store.
+   */
   template <typename T>
   void push_back(const detail::named_arg<char_type, T>& arg) {
     const char_type* arg_name =
@@ -208,19 +206,15 @@ class dynamic_format_arg_store
     }
   }
 
-  /** Erase all elements from the store */
+  /// Erase all elements from the store.
   void clear() {
     data_.clear();
     named_info_.clear();
     dynamic_args_ = detail::dynamic_arg_list();
   }
 
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Reserves space to store at least *new_cap* arguments including
-    *new_cap_named* named arguments.
-    \endrst
-  */
+  /// Reserves space to store at least `new_cap` arguments including
+  /// `new_cap_named` named arguments.
   void reserve(size_t new_cap, size_t new_cap_named) {
     FMT_ASSERT(new_cap >= new_cap_named,
                "Set of arguments includes set of named arguments");
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/base.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..627649425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3077 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - the base API for char/UTF-8
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_BASE_H_
+#define FMT_BASE_H_
+
+#if defined(FMT_IMPORT_STD) && !defined(FMT_MODULE)
+#  define FMT_MODULE
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <limits.h>  // CHAR_BIT
+#  include <stdio.h>   // FILE
+#  include <string.h>  // strlen
+
+// <cstddef> is also included transitively from <type_traits>.
+#  include <cstddef>      // std::byte
+#  include <type_traits>  // std::enable_if
+#endif
+
+// The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch.
+#define FMT_VERSION 110002
+
+// Detect compiler versions.
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
+#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION (__clang_major__ * 100 + __clang_minor__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__ICL)
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __ICL
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
+#else
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  define FMT_MSC_VERSION _MSC_VER
+#else
+#  define FMT_MSC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+// Detect standard library versions.
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_RELEASE
+#  define FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE _GLIBCXX_RELEASE
+#else
+#  define FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE 0
+#endif
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#  define FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#else
+#  define FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSVC_LANG
+#  define FMT_CPLUSPLUS _MSVC_LANG
+#else
+#  define FMT_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
+#endif
+
+// Detect __has_*.
+#ifdef __has_feature
+#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) __has_feature(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) 0
+#endif
+#ifdef __has_include
+#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) __has_include(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) 0
+#endif
+#ifdef __has_cpp_attribute
+#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) __has_cpp_attribute(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
+  (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
+
+#define FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
+  (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
+
+// Detect C++14 relaxed constexpr.
+#ifdef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 600 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L
+// GCC only allows throw in constexpr since version 6:
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=67371.
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 1
+#elif FMT_ICC_VERSION
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 0  // https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1628
+#elif FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_relaxed_constexpr) || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1912
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 0
+#endif
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#else
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+// Detect consteval, C++20 constexpr extensions and std::is_constant_evaluated.
+#if !defined(__cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated)
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
+#elif FMT_CPLUSPLUS < 201709L
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
+#elif FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE && FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 10
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
+#elif FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION && FMT_LIBCPP_VERSION < 10000
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
+#elif defined(__apple_build_version__) && __apple_build_version__ < 14000029L
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0  // consteval is broken in Apple clang < 14.
+#elif FMT_MSC_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VERSION < 1929
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0  // consteval is broken in MSVC VS2019 < 16.10.
+#elif defined(__cpp_consteval)
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 1
+#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1002 || FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1101
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL 0
+#endif
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL
+#  define FMT_CONSTEVAL consteval
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20 constexpr
+#else
+#  define FMT_CONSTEVAL
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS)
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+#  define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 0
+#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 903 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201709L
+#  define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 1
+#elif defined(__cpp_nontype_template_args) && \
+    __cpp_nontype_template_args >= 201911L
+#  define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 1
+#elif FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1200 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L
+#  define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_USE_CONCEPTS
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif defined(__cpp_concepts)
+#  define FMT_USE_CONCEPTS 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_CONCEPTS 0
+#endif
+
+// Check if exceptions are disabled.
+#ifdef FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#  define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#elif FMT_MSC_VERSION && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#else
+#  define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#endif
+#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define FMT_TRY try
+#  define FMT_CATCH(x) catch (x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_TRY if (true)
+#  define FMT_CATCH(x) if (false)
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough)
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 700 && \
+    (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 520)
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[gnu::fallthrough]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#endif
+
+// Disable [[noreturn]] on MSVC/NVCC because of bogus unreachable code warnings.
+#if FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) && !FMT_MSC_VERSION && !defined(__NVCC__)
+#  define FMT_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_NODISCARD
+#  if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard)
+#    define FMT_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
+#  else
+#    define FMT_NODISCARD
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_DEPRECATED
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated)
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED /* deprecated */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_INLINE
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline
+#endif
+// A version of FMT_INLINE to prevent code bloat in debug mode.
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#  define FMT_INLINE FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#else
+#  define FMT_INLINE inline
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_VISIBILITY(value) __attribute__((visibility(value)))
+#else
+#  define FMT_VISIBILITY(value)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_GCC_PRAGMA
+// Workaround a _Pragma bug https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59884
+// and an nvhpc warning: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2582.
+#  if FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 504 && !defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+#    define FMT_GCC_PRAGMA(arg) _Pragma(arg)
+#  else
+#    define FMT_GCC_PRAGMA(arg)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// GCC < 5 requires this-> in decltype.
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 500
+#  define FMT_DECLTYPE_THIS this->
+#else
+#  define FMT_DECLTYPE_THIS
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_MSC_VERSION
+#  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...) __pragma(warning(__VA_ARGS__))
+#  define FMT_UNCHECKED_ITERATOR(It) \
+    using _Unchecked_type = It  // Mark iterator as checked.
+#else
+#  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...)
+#  define FMT_UNCHECKED_ITERATOR(It) using unchecked_type = It
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+#  define FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE \
+    namespace fmt {           \
+    inline namespace v11 {
+#  define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
+    }                       \
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_EXPORT
+#  define FMT_EXPORT
+#  define FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
+#  define FMT_END_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY) && defined(_WIN32)
+#  if defined(FMT_LIB_EXPORT)
+#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#  elif defined(FMT_SHARED)
+#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#  endif
+#elif defined(FMT_LIB_EXPORT) || defined(FMT_SHARED)
+#  define FMT_API FMT_VISIBILITY("default")
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_API
+#  define FMT_API
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_UNICODE
+#  define FMT_UNICODE 1
+#endif
+
+// Check if rtti is available.
+#ifndef FMT_USE_RTTI
+// __RTTI is for EDG compilers. _CPPRTTI is for MSVC.
+#  if defined(__GXX_RTTI) || FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_rtti) || defined(_CPPRTTI) || \
+      defined(__INTEL_RTTI__) || defined(__RTTI)
+#    define FMT_USE_RTTI 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_RTTI 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_FWD(...) static_cast<decltype(__VA_ARGS__)&&>(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// Enable minimal optimizations for more compact code in debug mode.
+FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC push_options")
+#if !defined(__OPTIMIZE__) && !defined(__CUDACC__)
+FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC optimize(\"Og\")")
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+// Implementations of enable_if_t and other metafunctions for older systems.
+template <bool B, typename T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+template <bool B, typename T, typename F>
+using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+template <bool B> using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_cvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<remove_reference_t<T>>::type;
+template <typename T> struct type_identity {
+  using type = T;
+};
+template <typename T> using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using make_unsigned_t = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using underlying_t = typename std::underlying_type<T>::type;
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 500
+// A workaround for gcc 4.8 to make void_t work in a SFINAE context.
+template <typename...> struct void_t_impl {
+  using type = void;
+};
+template <typename... T> using void_t = typename void_t_impl<T...>::type;
+#else
+template <typename...> using void_t = void;
+#endif
+
+struct monostate {
+  constexpr monostate() {}
+};
+
+// An enable_if helper to be used in template parameters which results in much
+// shorter symbols: https://godbolt.org/z/sWw4vP. Extra parentheses are needed
+// to workaround a bug in MSVC 2019 (see #1140 and #1186).
+#ifdef FMT_DOC
+#  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...)
+#else
+#  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...) fmt::enable_if_t<(__VA_ARGS__), int> = 0
+#endif
+
+// This is defined in base.h instead of format.h to avoid injecting in std.
+// It is a template to avoid undesirable implicit conversions to std::byte.
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_byte
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, std::byte>::value)>
+inline auto format_as(T b) -> unsigned char {
+  return static_cast<unsigned char>(b);
+}
+#endif
+
+namespace detail {
+// Suppresses "unused variable" warnings with the method described in
+// https://herbsutter.com/2009/10/18/mailbag-shutting-up-compiler-warnings/.
+// (void)var does not work on many Intel compilers.
+template <typename... T> FMT_CONSTEXPR void ignore_unused(const T&...) {}
+
+constexpr auto is_constant_evaluated(bool default_value = false) noexcept
+    -> bool {
+// Workaround for incompatibility between libstdc++ consteval-based
+// std::is_constant_evaluated() implementation and clang-14:
+// https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3247.
+#if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L && FMT_GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 12 && \
+    (FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1400 && FMT_CLANG_VERSION < 1500)
+  ignore_unused(default_value);
+  return __builtin_is_constant_evaluated();
+#elif defined(__cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated)
+  ignore_unused(default_value);
+  return std::is_constant_evaluated();
+#else
+  return default_value;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Suppresses "conditional expression is constant" warnings.
+template <typename T> constexpr auto const_check(T value) -> T { return value; }
+
+FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void assert_fail(const char* file, int line,
+                                      const char* message);
+
+#if defined(FMT_ASSERT)
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif defined(NDEBUG)
+// FMT_ASSERT is not empty to avoid -Wempty-body.
+#  define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message) \
+    fmt::detail::ignore_unused((condition), (message))
+#else
+#  define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message)                                    \
+    ((condition) /* void() fails with -Winvalid-constexpr on clang 4.0.1 */ \
+         ? (void)0                                                          \
+         : fmt::detail::assert_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, (message)))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_USE_INT128
+// Do nothing.
+#elif defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__NVCC__) && \
+    !(FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VERSION)
+#  define FMT_USE_INT128 1
+using int128_opt = __int128_t;  // An optional native 128-bit integer.
+using uint128_opt = __uint128_t;
+template <typename T> inline auto convert_for_visit(T value) -> T {
+  return value;
+}
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_INT128 0
+#endif
+#if !FMT_USE_INT128
+enum class int128_opt {};
+enum class uint128_opt {};
+// Reduce template instantiations.
+template <typename T> auto convert_for_visit(T) -> monostate { return {}; }
+#endif
+
+// Casts a nonnegative integer to unsigned.
+template <typename Int>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto to_unsigned(Int value) -> make_unsigned_t<Int> {
+  FMT_ASSERT(std::is_unsigned<Int>::value || value >= 0, "negative value");
+  return static_cast<make_unsigned_t<Int>>(value);
+}
+
+// A heuristic to detect std::string and std::[experimental::]string_view.
+// It is mainly used to avoid dependency on <[experimental/]string_view>.
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct is_std_string_like : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_std_string_like<T, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().find_first_of(
+                                 typename T::value_type(), 0))>>
+    : std::is_convertible<decltype(std::declval<T>().data()),
+                          const typename T::value_type*> {};
+
+// Returns true iff the literal encoding is UTF-8.
+constexpr auto is_utf8_enabled() -> bool {
+  // Avoid an MSVC sign extension bug: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2297.
+  using uchar = unsigned char;
+  return sizeof("\u00A7") == 3 && uchar("\u00A7"[0]) == 0xC2 &&
+         uchar("\u00A7"[1]) == 0xA7;
+}
+constexpr auto use_utf8() -> bool {
+  return !FMT_MSC_VERSION || is_utf8_enabled();
+}
+
+static_assert(!FMT_UNICODE || use_utf8(),
+              "Unicode support requires compiling with /utf-8");
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto length(const Char* s) -> size_t {
+  size_t len = 0;
+  while (*s++) ++len;
+  return len;
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto compare(const Char* s1, const Char* s2, std::size_t n)
+    -> int {
+  if (!is_constant_evaluated() && sizeof(Char) == 1) return memcmp(s1, s2, n);
+  for (; n != 0; ++s1, ++s2, --n) {
+    if (*s1 < *s2) return -1;
+    if (*s1 > *s2) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+namespace adl {
+using namespace std;
+
+template <typename Container>
+auto invoke_back_inserter()
+    -> decltype(back_inserter(std::declval<Container&>()));
+}  // namespace adl
+
+template <typename It, typename Enable = std::true_type>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename It>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator<
+    It, bool_constant<std::is_same<
+            decltype(adl::invoke_back_inserter<typename It::container_type>()),
+            It>::value>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// Extracts a reference to the container from *insert_iterator.
+template <typename OutputIt>
+inline auto get_container(OutputIt it) -> typename OutputIt::container_type& {
+  struct accessor : OutputIt {
+    accessor(OutputIt base) : OutputIt(base) {}
+    using OutputIt::container;
+  };
+  return *accessor(it).container;
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Checks whether T is a container with contiguous storage.
+template <typename T> struct is_contiguous : std::false_type {};
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of `std::basic_string_view` for pre-C++17. It provides a
+ * subset of the API. `fmt::basic_string_view` is used for format strings even
+ * if `std::basic_string_view` is available to prevent issues when a library is
+ * compiled with a different `-std` option than the client code (which is not
+ * recommended).
+ */
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename Char> class basic_string_view {
+ private:
+  const Char* data_;
+  size_t size_;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = Char;
+  using iterator = const Char*;
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view() noexcept : data_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
+
+  /// Constructs a string reference object from a C string and a size.
+  constexpr basic_string_view(const Char* s, size_t count) noexcept
+      : data_(s), size_(count) {}
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+
+  /// Constructs a string reference object from a C string.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20
+  basic_string_view(const Char* s)
+      : data_(s),
+        size_(detail::const_check(std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
+                                  !detail::is_constant_evaluated(false))
+                  ? strlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s))
+                  : detail::length(s)) {}
+
+  /// Constructs a string reference from a `std::basic_string` or a
+  /// `std::basic_string_view` object.
+  template <typename S,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_std_string_like<S>::value&& std::is_same<
+                          typename S::value_type, Char>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const S& s) noexcept
+      : data_(s.data()), size_(s.size()) {}
+
+  /// Returns a pointer to the string data.
+  constexpr auto data() const noexcept -> const Char* { return data_; }
+
+  /// Returns the string size.
+  constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_t { return size_; }
+
+  constexpr auto begin() const noexcept -> iterator { return data_; }
+  constexpr auto end() const noexcept -> iterator { return data_ + size_; }
+
+  constexpr auto operator[](size_t pos) const noexcept -> const Char& {
+    return data_[pos];
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_t n) noexcept {
+    data_ += n;
+    size_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto starts_with(basic_string_view<Char> sv) const noexcept
+      -> bool {
+    return size_ >= sv.size_ && detail::compare(data_, sv.data_, sv.size_) == 0;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto starts_with(Char c) const noexcept -> bool {
+    return size_ >= 1 && *data_ == c;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto starts_with(const Char* s) const -> bool {
+    return starts_with(basic_string_view<Char>(s));
+  }
+
+  // Lexicographically compare this string reference to other.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto compare(basic_string_view other) const -> int {
+    size_t str_size = size_ < other.size_ ? size_ : other.size_;
+    int result = detail::compare(data_, other.data_, str_size);
+    if (result == 0)
+      result = size_ == other.size_ ? 0 : (size_ < other.size_ ? -1 : 1);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR friend auto operator==(basic_string_view lhs,
+                                       basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator!=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator<(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator<=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator>(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator>=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
+
+/// Specifies if `T` is a character type. Can be specialized by users.
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T> struct is_char : std::false_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char> : std::true_type {};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// Constructs fmt::basic_string_view<Char> from types implicitly convertible
+// to it, deducing Char. Explicitly convertible types such as the ones returned
+// from FMT_STRING are intentionally excluded.
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<Char>::value)>
+constexpr auto to_string_view(const Char* s) -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return s;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_std_string_like<T>::value)>
+constexpr auto to_string_view(const T& s)
+    -> basic_string_view<typename T::value_type> {
+  return s;
+}
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr auto to_string_view(basic_string_view<Char> s)
+    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct has_to_string_view : std::false_type {};
+// detail:: is intentional since to_string_view is not an extension point.
+template <typename T>
+struct has_to_string_view<
+    T, void_t<decltype(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<T>()))>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename Char, Char... C> struct string_literal {
+  static constexpr Char value[sizeof...(C)] = {C...};
+  constexpr operator basic_string_view<Char>() const {
+    return {value, sizeof...(C)};
+  }
+};
+#if FMT_CPLUSPLUS < 201703L
+template <typename Char, Char... C>
+constexpr Char string_literal<Char, C...>::value[sizeof...(C)];
+#endif
+
+enum class type {
+  none_type,
+  // Integer types should go first,
+  int_type,
+  uint_type,
+  long_long_type,
+  ulong_long_type,
+  int128_type,
+  uint128_type,
+  bool_type,
+  char_type,
+  last_integer_type = char_type,
+  // followed by floating-point types.
+  float_type,
+  double_type,
+  long_double_type,
+  last_numeric_type = long_double_type,
+  cstring_type,
+  string_type,
+  pointer_type,
+  custom_type
+};
+
+// Maps core type T to the corresponding type enum constant.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct type_constant : std::integral_constant<type, type::custom_type> {};
+
+#define FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Type, constant) \
+  template <typename Char>                \
+  struct type_constant<Type, Char>        \
+      : std::integral_constant<type, type::constant> {}
+
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int, int_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned, uint_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long long, long_long_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned long long, ulong_long_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int128_opt, int128_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(uint128_opt, uint128_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(bool, bool_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Char, char_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(float, float_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(double, double_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long double, long_double_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const Char*, cstring_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(basic_string_view<Char>, string_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const void*, pointer_type);
+
+constexpr auto is_integral_type(type t) -> bool {
+  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_integer_type;
+}
+constexpr auto is_arithmetic_type(type t) -> bool {
+  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_numeric_type;
+}
+
+constexpr auto set(type rhs) -> int { return 1 << static_cast<int>(rhs); }
+constexpr auto in(type t, int set) -> bool {
+  return ((set >> static_cast<int>(t)) & 1) != 0;
+}
+
+// Bitsets of types.
+enum {
+  sint_set =
+      set(type::int_type) | set(type::long_long_type) | set(type::int128_type),
+  uint_set = set(type::uint_type) | set(type::ulong_long_type) |
+             set(type::uint128_type),
+  bool_set = set(type::bool_type),
+  char_set = set(type::char_type),
+  float_set = set(type::float_type) | set(type::double_type) |
+              set(type::long_double_type),
+  string_set = set(type::string_type),
+  cstring_set = set(type::cstring_type),
+  pointer_set = set(type::pointer_type)
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// Reports a format error at compile time or, via a `format_error` exception,
+/// at runtime.
+// This function is intentionally not constexpr to give a compile-time error.
+FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void report_error(const char* message);
+
+FMT_DEPRECATED FMT_NORETURN inline void throw_format_error(
+    const char* message) {
+  report_error(message);
+}
+
+/// String's character (code unit) type.
+template <typename S,
+          typename V = decltype(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<S>()))>
+using char_t = typename V::value_type;
+
+/**
+ * Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an
+ * argument counter for automatic indexing.
+ * You can use the `format_parse_context` type alias for `char` instead.
+ */
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename Char> class basic_format_parse_context {
+ private:
+  basic_string_view<Char> format_str_;
+  int next_arg_id_;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void do_check_arg_id(int id);
+
+ public:
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using iterator = const Char*;
+
+  explicit constexpr basic_format_parse_context(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, int next_arg_id = 0)
+      : format_str_(format_str), next_arg_id_(next_arg_id) {}
+
+  /// Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being
+  /// parsed.
+  constexpr auto begin() const noexcept -> iterator {
+    return format_str_.begin();
+  }
+
+  /// Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed.
+  constexpr auto end() const noexcept -> iterator { return format_str_.end(); }
+
+  /// Advances the begin iterator to `it`.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator it) {
+    format_str_.remove_prefix(detail::to_unsigned(it - begin()));
+  }
+
+  /// Reports an error if using the manual argument indexing; otherwise returns
+  /// the next argument index and switches to the automatic indexing.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
+    if (next_arg_id_ < 0) {
+      report_error("cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
+      return 0;
+    }
+    int id = next_arg_id_++;
+    do_check_arg_id(id);
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  /// Reports an error if using the automatic argument indexing; otherwise
+  /// switches to the manual indexing.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
+    if (next_arg_id_ > 0) {
+      report_error("cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+      return;
+    }
+    next_arg_id_ = -1;
+    do_check_arg_id(id);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {
+    next_arg_id_ = -1;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id);
+};
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+using format_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<char>;
+
+namespace detail {
+// A parse context with extra data used only in compile-time checks.
+template <typename Char>
+class compile_parse_context : public basic_format_parse_context<Char> {
+ private:
+  int num_args_;
+  const type* types_;
+  using base = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR compile_parse_context(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, int num_args, const type* types,
+      int next_arg_id = 0)
+      : base(format_str, next_arg_id), num_args_(num_args), types_(types) {}
+
+  constexpr auto num_args() const -> int { return num_args_; }
+  constexpr auto arg_type(int id) const -> type { return types_[id]; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
+    int id = base::next_arg_id();
+    if (id >= num_args_) report_error("argument not found");
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
+    base::check_arg_id(id);
+    if (id >= num_args_) report_error("argument not found");
+  }
+  using base::check_arg_id;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id) {
+    detail::ignore_unused(arg_id);
+    if (arg_id < num_args_ && types_ && !is_integral_type(types_[arg_id]))
+      report_error("width/precision is not integer");
+  }
+};
+
+/// A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. It is an
+/// internal class and shouldn't be used directly, only via `memory_buffer`.
+template <typename T> class buffer {
+ private:
+  T* ptr_;
+  size_t size_;
+  size_t capacity_;
+
+  using grow_fun = void (*)(buffer& buf, size_t capacity);
+  grow_fun grow_;
+
+ protected:
+  // Don't initialize ptr_ since it is not accessed to save a few cycles.
+  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 26495)
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 buffer(grow_fun grow, size_t sz) noexcept
+      : size_(sz), capacity_(sz), grow_(grow) {}
+
+  constexpr buffer(grow_fun grow, T* p = nullptr, size_t sz = 0,
+                   size_t cap = 0) noexcept
+      : ptr_(p), size_(sz), capacity_(cap), grow_(grow) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 ~buffer() = default;
+  buffer(buffer&&) = default;
+
+  /// Sets the buffer data and capacity.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void set(T* buf_data, size_t buf_capacity) noexcept {
+    ptr_ = buf_data;
+    capacity_ = buf_capacity;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+
+  buffer(const buffer&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const buffer&) = delete;
+
+  auto begin() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_; }
+  auto end() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
+
+  auto begin() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_; }
+  auto end() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
+
+  /// Returns the size of this buffer.
+  constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_t { return size_; }
+
+  /// Returns the capacity of this buffer.
+  constexpr auto capacity() const noexcept -> size_t { return capacity_; }
+
+  /// Returns a pointer to the buffer data (not null-terminated).
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto data() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto data() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_; }
+
+  /// Clears this buffer.
+  void clear() { size_ = 0; }
+
+  // Tries resizing the buffer to contain `count` elements. If T is a POD type
+  // the new elements may not be initialized.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void try_resize(size_t count) {
+    try_reserve(count);
+    size_ = count <= capacity_ ? count : capacity_;
+  }
+
+  // Tries increasing the buffer capacity to `new_capacity`. It can increase the
+  // capacity by a smaller amount than requested but guarantees there is space
+  // for at least one additional element either by increasing the capacity or by
+  // flushing the buffer if it is full.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void try_reserve(size_t new_capacity) {
+    if (new_capacity > capacity_) grow_(*this, new_capacity);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void push_back(const T& value) {
+    try_reserve(size_ + 1);
+    ptr_[size_++] = value;
+  }
+
+  /// Appends data to the end of the buffer.
+  template <typename U> void append(const U* begin, const U* end) {
+    while (begin != end) {
+      auto count = to_unsigned(end - begin);
+      try_reserve(size_ + count);
+      auto free_cap = capacity_ - size_;
+      if (free_cap < count) count = free_cap;
+      // A loop is faster than memcpy on small sizes.
+      T* out = ptr_ + size_;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) out[i] = begin[i];
+      size_ += count;
+      begin += count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename Idx> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](Idx index) -> T& {
+    return ptr_[index];
+  }
+  template <typename Idx>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](Idx index) const -> const T& {
+    return ptr_[index];
+  }
+};
+
+struct buffer_traits {
+  explicit buffer_traits(size_t) {}
+  auto count() const -> size_t { return 0; }
+  auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t { return size; }
+};
+
+class fixed_buffer_traits {
+ private:
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+  size_t limit_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit fixed_buffer_traits(size_t limit) : limit_(limit) {}
+  auto count() const -> size_t { return count_; }
+  auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t {
+    size_t n = limit_ > count_ ? limit_ - count_ : 0;
+    count_ += size;
+    return size < n ? size : n;
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to an output iterator when flushed.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits = buffer_traits>
+class iterator_buffer : public Traits, public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<T>& buf, size_t) {
+    if (buf.size() == buffer_size) static_cast<iterator_buffer&>(buf).flush();
+  }
+
+  void flush() {
+    auto size = this->size();
+    this->clear();
+    const T* begin = data_;
+    const T* end = begin + this->limit(size);
+    while (begin != end) *out_++ = *begin++;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t n = buffer_size)
+      : Traits(n), buffer<T>(grow, data_, 0, buffer_size), out_(out) {}
+  iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other) noexcept
+      : Traits(other),
+        buffer<T>(grow, data_, 0, buffer_size),
+        out_(other.out_) {}
+  ~iterator_buffer() {
+    // Don't crash if flush fails during unwinding.
+    FMT_TRY { flush(); }
+    FMT_CATCH(...) {}
+  }
+
+  auto out() -> OutputIt {
+    flush();
+    return out_;
+  }
+  auto count() const -> size_t { return Traits::count() + this->size(); }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class iterator_buffer<T*, T, fixed_buffer_traits> : public fixed_buffer_traits,
+                                                    public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  T* out_;
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<T>& buf, size_t) {
+    if (buf.size() == buf.capacity())
+      static_cast<iterator_buffer&>(buf).flush();
+  }
+
+  void flush() {
+    size_t n = this->limit(this->size());
+    if (this->data() == out_) {
+      out_ += n;
+      this->set(data_, buffer_size);
+    }
+    this->clear();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t n = buffer_size)
+      : fixed_buffer_traits(n), buffer<T>(grow, out, 0, n), out_(out) {}
+  iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other) noexcept
+      : fixed_buffer_traits(other),
+        buffer<T>(static_cast<iterator_buffer&&>(other)),
+        out_(other.out_) {
+    if (this->data() != out_) {
+      this->set(data_, buffer_size);
+      this->clear();
+    }
+  }
+  ~iterator_buffer() { flush(); }
+
+  auto out() -> T* {
+    flush();
+    return out_;
+  }
+  auto count() const -> size_t {
+    return fixed_buffer_traits::count() + this->size();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T> class iterator_buffer<T*, T> : public buffer<T> {
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t = 0)
+      : buffer<T>([](buffer<T>&, size_t) {}, out, 0, ~size_t()) {}
+
+  auto out() -> T* { return &*this->end(); }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to a container with the contiguous storage.
+template <typename OutputIt>
+class iterator_buffer<
+    OutputIt,
+    enable_if_t<detail::is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value &&
+                    is_contiguous<typename OutputIt::container_type>::value,
+                typename OutputIt::container_type::value_type>>
+    : public buffer<typename OutputIt::container_type::value_type> {
+ private:
+  using container_type = typename OutputIt::container_type;
+  using value_type = typename container_type::value_type;
+  container_type& container_;
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<value_type>& buf, size_t capacity) {
+    auto& self = static_cast<iterator_buffer&>(buf);
+    self.container_.resize(capacity);
+    self.set(&self.container_[0], capacity);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(container_type& c)
+      : buffer<value_type>(grow, c.size()), container_(c) {}
+  explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t = 0)
+      : iterator_buffer(get_container(out)) {}
+
+  auto out() -> OutputIt { return back_inserter(container_); }
+};
+
+// A buffer that counts the number of code units written discarding the output.
+template <typename T = char> class counting_buffer : public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR void grow(buffer<T>& buf, size_t) {
+    if (buf.size() != buffer_size) return;
+    static_cast<counting_buffer&>(buf).count_ += buf.size();
+    buf.clear();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  counting_buffer() : buffer<T>(grow, data_, 0, buffer_size) {}
+
+  auto count() -> size_t { return count_ + this->size(); }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void basic_format_parse_context<Char>::do_check_arg_id(int id) {
+  // Argument id is only checked at compile-time during parsing because
+  // formatting has its own validation.
+  if (detail::is_constant_evaluated() &&
+      (!FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1200)) {
+    using context = detail::compile_parse_context<Char>;
+    if (id >= static_cast<context*>(this)->num_args())
+      report_error("argument not found");
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void basic_format_parse_context<Char>::check_dynamic_spec(
+    int arg_id) {
+  if (detail::is_constant_evaluated() &&
+      (!FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1200)) {
+    using context = detail::compile_parse_context<Char>;
+    static_cast<context*>(this)->check_dynamic_spec(arg_id);
+  }
+}
+
+FMT_EXPORT template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg;
+FMT_EXPORT template <typename Context> class basic_format_args;
+FMT_EXPORT template <typename Context> class dynamic_format_arg_store;
+
+// A formatter for objects of type T.
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatter {
+  // A deleted default constructor indicates a disabled formatter.
+  formatter() = delete;
+};
+
+// Specifies if T has an enabled formatter specialization. A type can be
+// formattable even if it doesn't have a formatter e.g. via a conversion.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using has_formatter =
+    std::is_constructible<typename Context::template formatter_type<T>>;
+
+// An output iterator that appends to a buffer. It is used instead of
+// back_insert_iterator to reduce symbol sizes and avoid <iterator> dependency.
+template <typename T> class basic_appender {
+ private:
+  detail::buffer<T>* buffer_;
+
+  friend auto get_container(basic_appender app) -> detail::buffer<T>& {
+    return *app.buffer_;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  using iterator_category = int;
+  using value_type = T;
+  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+  using pointer = T*;
+  using reference = T&;
+  using container_type = detail::buffer<T>;
+  FMT_UNCHECKED_ITERATOR(basic_appender);
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_appender(detail::buffer<T>& buf) : buffer_(&buf) {}
+
+  auto operator=(T c) -> basic_appender& {
+    buffer_->push_back(c);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  auto operator*() -> basic_appender& { return *this; }
+  auto operator++() -> basic_appender& { return *this; }
+  auto operator++(int) -> basic_appender { return *this; }
+};
+
+using appender = basic_appender<char>;
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator<basic_appender<T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct locking : std::true_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct locking<T, void_t<typename formatter<remove_cvref_t<T>>::nonlocking>>
+    : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T = int> FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto is_locking() -> bool {
+  return locking<T>::value;
+}
+template <typename T1, typename T2, typename... Tail>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto is_locking() -> bool {
+  return locking<T1>::value || is_locking<T2, Tail...>();
+}
+
+// An optimized version of std::copy with the output value type (T).
+template <typename T, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value)>
+auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+  get_container(out).append(begin, end);
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+  while (begin != end) *out++ = static_cast<T>(*begin++);
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename V, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy(basic_string_view<V> s, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+  return copy<T>(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename T>
+constexpr auto has_const_formatter_impl(T*)
+    -> decltype(typename Context::template formatter_type<T>().format(
+                    std::declval<const T&>(), std::declval<Context&>()),
+                true) {
+  return true;
+}
+template <typename Context>
+constexpr auto has_const_formatter_impl(...) -> bool {
+  return false;
+}
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+constexpr auto has_const_formatter() -> bool {
+  return has_const_formatter_impl<Context>(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
+}
+
+template <typename It, typename Enable = std::true_type>
+struct is_buffer_appender : std::false_type {};
+template <typename It>
+struct is_buffer_appender<
+    It, bool_constant<
+            is_back_insert_iterator<It>::value &&
+            std::is_base_of<buffer<typename It::container_type::value_type>,
+                            typename It::container_type>::value>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// Maps an output iterator to a buffer.
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_buffer_appender<OutputIt>::value)>
+auto get_buffer(OutputIt out) -> iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T> {
+  return iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T>(out);
+}
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_buffer_appender<OutputIt>::value)>
+auto get_buffer(OutputIt out) -> buffer<T>& {
+  return get_container(out);
+}
+
+template <typename Buf, typename OutputIt>
+auto get_iterator(Buf& buf, OutputIt) -> decltype(buf.out()) {
+  return buf.out();
+}
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
+auto get_iterator(buffer<T>&, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+  return out;
+}
+
+struct view {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T> struct named_arg : view {
+  const Char* name;
+  const T& value;
+  named_arg(const Char* n, const T& v) : name(n), value(v) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct named_arg_info {
+  const Char* name;
+  int id;
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct is_named_arg : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T> struct is_statically_named_arg : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct is_named_arg<named_arg<Char, T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <bool B = false> constexpr auto count() -> size_t { return B ? 1 : 0; }
+template <bool B1, bool B2, bool... Tail> constexpr auto count() -> size_t {
+  return (B1 ? 1 : 0) + count<B2, Tail...>();
+}
+
+template <typename... Args> constexpr auto count_named_args() -> size_t {
+  return count<is_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+constexpr auto count_statically_named_args() -> size_t {
+  return count<is_statically_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
+}
+
+struct unformattable {};
+struct unformattable_char : unformattable {};
+struct unformattable_pointer : unformattable {};
+
+template <typename Char> struct string_value {
+  const Char* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct named_arg_value {
+  const named_arg_info<Char>* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename Context> struct custom_value {
+  using parse_context = typename Context::parse_context_type;
+  void* value;
+  void (*format)(void* arg, parse_context& parse_ctx, Context& ctx);
+};
+
+// A formatting argument value.
+template <typename Context> class value {
+ public:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  union {
+    monostate no_value;
+    int int_value;
+    unsigned uint_value;
+    long long long_long_value;
+    unsigned long long ulong_long_value;
+    int128_opt int128_value;
+    uint128_opt uint128_value;
+    bool bool_value;
+    char_type char_value;
+    float float_value;
+    double double_value;
+    long double long_double_value;
+    const void* pointer;
+    string_value<char_type> string;
+    custom_value<Context> custom;
+    named_arg_value<char_type> named_args;
+  };
+
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value() : no_value() {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(int val) : int_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(unsigned val) : uint_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(long long val) : long_long_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(unsigned long long val)
+      : ulong_long_value(val) {}
+  FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(int128_opt val) : int128_value(val) {}
+  FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(uint128_opt val) : uint128_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(float val) : float_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(double val) : double_value(val) {}
+  FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(long double val) : long_double_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(bool val) : bool_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(char_type val) : char_value(val) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(const char_type* val) {
+    string.data = val;
+    if (is_constant_evaluated()) string.size = {};
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(basic_string_view<char_type> val) {
+    string.data = val.data();
+    string.size = val.size();
+  }
+  FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(const void* val) : pointer(val) {}
+  FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(const named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
+      : named_args{args, size} {}
+
+  template <typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR20 FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE value(T& val) {
+    using value_type = remove_const_t<T>;
+    // T may overload operator& e.g. std::vector<bool>::reference in libc++.
+#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<decltype(&val), T*>::value)
+      custom.value = const_cast<value_type*>(&val);
+#endif
+    if (!is_constant_evaluated())
+      custom.value = const_cast<char*>(&reinterpret_cast<const char&>(val));
+    // Get the formatter type through the context to allow different contexts
+    // have different extension points, e.g. `formatter<T>` for `format` and
+    // `printf_formatter<T>` for `printf`.
+    custom.format = format_custom_arg<
+        value_type, typename Context::template formatter_type<value_type>>;
+  }
+  value(unformattable);
+  value(unformattable_char);
+  value(unformattable_pointer);
+
+ private:
+  // Formats an argument of a custom type, such as a user-defined class.
+  template <typename T, typename Formatter>
+  static void format_custom_arg(void* arg,
+                                typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                                Context& ctx) {
+    auto f = Formatter();
+    parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx));
+    using qualified_type =
+        conditional_t<has_const_formatter<T, Context>(), const T, T>;
+    // format must be const for compatibility with std::format and compilation.
+    const auto& cf = f;
+    ctx.advance_to(cf.format(*static_cast<qualified_type*>(arg), ctx));
+  }
+};
+
+// To minimize the number of types we need to deal with, long is translated
+// either to int or to long long depending on its size.
+enum { long_short = sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) };
+using long_type = conditional_t<long_short, int, long long>;
+using ulong_type = conditional_t<long_short, unsigned, unsigned long long>;
+
+template <typename T> struct format_as_result {
+  template <typename U,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<U>::value || std::is_class<U>::value)>
+  static auto map(U*) -> remove_cvref_t<decltype(format_as(std::declval<U>()))>;
+  static auto map(...) -> void;
+
+  using type = decltype(map(static_cast<T*>(nullptr)));
+};
+template <typename T> using format_as_t = typename format_as_result<T>::type;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct has_format_as
+    : bool_constant<!std::is_same<format_as_t<T>, void>::value> {};
+
+#define FMT_MAP_API FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE
+
+// Maps formatting arguments to core types.
+// arg_mapper reports errors by returning unformattable instead of using
+// static_assert because it's used in the is_formattable trait.
+template <typename Context> struct arg_mapper {
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(signed char val) -> int { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(unsigned char val) -> unsigned { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(short val) -> int { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(unsigned short val) -> unsigned { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(int val) -> int { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(unsigned val) -> unsigned { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(long val) -> long_type { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(unsigned long val) -> ulong_type { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(long long val) -> long long { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(unsigned long long val) -> unsigned long long {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(int128_opt val) -> int128_opt { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(uint128_opt val) -> uint128_opt { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(bool val) -> bool { return val; }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, char>::value ||
+                                      std::is_same<T, char_type>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(T val) -> char_type {
+    return val;
+  }
+  template <typename T, enable_if_t<(std::is_same<T, wchar_t>::value ||
+#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+                                     std::is_same<T, char8_t>::value ||
+#endif
+                                     std::is_same<T, char16_t>::value ||
+                                     std::is_same<T, char32_t>::value) &&
+                                        !std::is_same<T, char_type>::value,
+                                    int> = 0>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(T) -> unformattable_char {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(float val) -> float { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(double val) -> double { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(long double val) -> long double { return val; }
+
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(char_type* val) -> const char_type* { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const char_type* val) -> const char_type* { return val; }
+  template <typename T, typename Char = char_t<T>,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, char_type>::value &&
+                          !std::is_pointer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const T& val) -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+    return to_string_view(val);
+  }
+  template <typename T, typename Char = char_t<T>,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char_type>::value &&
+                          !std::is_pointer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const T&) -> unformattable_char {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(void* val) -> const void* { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const void* val) -> const void* { return val; }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(volatile void* val) -> const void* {
+    return const_cast<const void*>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const volatile void* val) -> const void* {
+    return const_cast<const void*>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(std::nullptr_t val) -> const void* { return val; }
+
+  // Use SFINAE instead of a const T* parameter to avoid a conflict with the
+  // array overload.
+  template <
+      typename T,
+      FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+          std::is_pointer<T>::value || std::is_member_pointer<T>::value ||
+          std::is_function<typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type>::value ||
+          (std::is_array<T>::value &&
+           !std::is_convertible<T, const char_type*>::value))>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto map(const T&) -> unformattable_pointer {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, std::size_t N,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<T, wchar_t>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const T (&values)[N]) -> const T (&)[N] {
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  // Only map owning types because mapping views can be unsafe.
+  template <typename T, typename U = format_as_t<T>,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_arithmetic<U>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const T& val) -> decltype(FMT_DECLTYPE_THIS map(U())) {
+    return map(format_as(val));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename U = remove_const_t<T>>
+  struct formattable : bool_constant<has_const_formatter<U, Context>() ||
+                                     (has_formatter<U, Context>::value &&
+                                      !std::is_const<T>::value)> {};
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(formattable<T>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto do_map(T& val) -> T& {
+    return val;
+  }
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!formattable<T>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto do_map(T&) -> unformattable {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // is_fundamental is used to allow formatters for extended FP types.
+  template <typename T, typename U = remove_const_t<T>,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+                (std::is_class<U>::value || std::is_enum<U>::value ||
+                 std::is_union<U>::value || std::is_fundamental<U>::value) &&
+                !has_to_string_view<U>::value && !is_char<U>::value &&
+                !is_named_arg<U>::value && !std::is_integral<U>::value &&
+                !std::is_arithmetic<format_as_t<U>>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(T& val) -> decltype(FMT_DECLTYPE_THIS do_map(val)) {
+    return do_map(val);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
+  FMT_MAP_API auto map(const T& named_arg)
+      -> decltype(FMT_DECLTYPE_THIS map(named_arg.value)) {
+    return map(named_arg.value);
+  }
+
+  auto map(...) -> unformattable { return {}; }
+};
+
+// A type constant after applying arg_mapper<Context>.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using mapped_type_constant =
+    type_constant<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())),
+                  typename Context::char_type>;
+
+enum { packed_arg_bits = 4 };
+// Maximum number of arguments with packed types.
+enum { max_packed_args = 62 / packed_arg_bits };
+enum : unsigned long long { is_unpacked_bit = 1ULL << 63 };
+enum : unsigned long long { has_named_args_bit = 1ULL << 62 };
+
+template <typename It, typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct is_output_iterator : std::false_type {};
+
+template <> struct is_output_iterator<appender, char> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename It, typename T>
+struct is_output_iterator<
+    It, T, void_t<decltype(*std::declval<It&>()++ = std::declval<T>())>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// A type-erased reference to an std::locale to avoid a heavy <locale> include.
+class locale_ref {
+ private:
+  const void* locale_;  // A type-erased pointer to std::locale.
+
+ public:
+  constexpr locale_ref() : locale_(nullptr) {}
+  template <typename Locale> explicit locale_ref(const Locale& loc);
+
+  explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return locale_ != nullptr; }
+
+  template <typename Locale> auto get() const -> Locale;
+};
+
+template <typename> constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
+  return static_cast<unsigned>(mapped_type_constant<Arg, Context>::value) |
+         (encode_types<Context, Args...>() << packed_arg_bits);
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename... T, size_t NUM_ARGS = sizeof...(T)>
+constexpr unsigned long long make_descriptor() {
+  return NUM_ARGS <= max_packed_args ? encode_types<Context, T...>()
+                                     : is_unpacked_bit | NUM_ARGS;
+}
+
+// This type is intentionally undefined, only used for errors.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+#if FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_CLANG_VERSION <= 1500
+// https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3796
+struct type_is_unformattable_for {
+};
+#else
+struct type_is_unformattable_for;
+#endif
+
+template <bool PACKED, typename Context, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(PACKED)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg(T& val) -> value<Context> {
+  using arg_type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(val))>;
+
+  // Use enum instead of constexpr because the latter may generate code.
+  enum {
+    formattable_char = !std::is_same<arg_type, unformattable_char>::value
+  };
+  static_assert(formattable_char, "Mixing character types is disallowed.");
+
+  // Formatting of arbitrary pointers is disallowed. If you want to format a
+  // pointer cast it to `void*` or `const void*`. In particular, this forbids
+  // formatting of `[const] volatile char*` printed as bool by iostreams.
+  enum {
+    formattable_pointer = !std::is_same<arg_type, unformattable_pointer>::value
+  };
+  static_assert(formattable_pointer,
+                "Formatting of non-void pointers is disallowed.");
+
+  enum { formattable = !std::is_same<arg_type, unformattable>::value };
+#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
+  if constexpr (!formattable)
+    type_is_unformattable_for<T, typename Context::char_type> _;
+#endif
+  static_assert(
+      formattable,
+      "Cannot format an argument. To make type T formattable provide a "
+      "formatter<T> specialization: https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt");
+  return {arg_mapper<Context>().map(val)};
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg(T& val) -> basic_format_arg<Context> {
+  auto arg = basic_format_arg<Context>();
+  arg.type_ = mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value;
+  arg.value_ = make_arg<true, Context>(val);
+  return arg;
+}
+
+template <bool PACKED, typename Context, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!PACKED)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto make_arg(T& val) -> basic_format_arg<Context> {
+  return make_arg<Context>(val);
+}
+
+template <typename Context, size_t NUM_ARGS>
+using arg_t = conditional_t<NUM_ARGS <= max_packed_args, value<Context>,
+                            basic_format_arg<Context>>;
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_named_arg<T>::value)>
+void init_named_arg(named_arg_info<Char>*, int& arg_index, int&, const T&) {
+  ++arg_index;
+}
+template <typename Char, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
+void init_named_arg(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int& arg_index,
+                    int& named_arg_index, const T& arg) {
+  named_args[named_arg_index++] = {arg.name, arg_index++};
+}
+
+// An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted to
+// `fmt::basic_format_args` for passing into type-erased formatting functions
+// such as `fmt::vformat`.
+template <typename Context, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS,
+          unsigned long long DESC>
+struct format_arg_store {
+  // args_[0].named_args points to named_args to avoid bloating format_args.
+  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
+  static constexpr size_t ARGS_ARR_SIZE = 1 + (NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1);
+
+  arg_t<Context, NUM_ARGS> args[ARGS_ARR_SIZE];
+  named_arg_info<typename Context::char_type> named_args[NUM_NAMED_ARGS];
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  FMT_MAP_API format_arg_store(T&... values)
+      : args{{named_args, NUM_NAMED_ARGS},
+             make_arg<NUM_ARGS <= max_packed_args, Context>(values)...} {
+    using dummy = int[];
+    int arg_index = 0, named_arg_index = 0;
+    (void)dummy{
+        0,
+        (init_named_arg(named_args, arg_index, named_arg_index, values), 0)...};
+  }
+
+  format_arg_store(format_arg_store&& rhs) {
+    args[0] = {named_args, NUM_NAMED_ARGS};
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < ARGS_ARR_SIZE; ++i) args[i] = rhs.args[i];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_NAMED_ARGS; ++i)
+      named_args[i] = rhs.named_args[i];
+  }
+
+  format_arg_store(const format_arg_store& rhs) = delete;
+  format_arg_store& operator=(const format_arg_store& rhs) = delete;
+  format_arg_store& operator=(format_arg_store&& rhs) = delete;
+};
+
+// A specialization of format_arg_store without named arguments.
+// It is a plain struct to reduce binary size in debug mode.
+template <typename Context, size_t NUM_ARGS, unsigned long long DESC>
+struct format_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, 0, DESC> {
+  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
+  arg_t<Context, NUM_ARGS> args[NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1];
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
+
+// A formatting argument. Context is a template parameter for the compiled API
+// where output can be unbuffered.
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg {
+ private:
+  detail::value<Context> value_;
+  detail::type type_;
+
+  template <typename ContextType, typename T>
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto detail::make_arg(T& value)
+      -> basic_format_arg<ContextType>;
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+  friend class dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>;
+
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  template <typename, size_t, size_t, unsigned long long>
+  friend struct detail::format_arg_store;
+
+  basic_format_arg(const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
+      : value_(args, size) {}
+
+ public:
+  class handle {
+   public:
+    explicit handle(detail::custom_value<Context> custom) : custom_(custom) {}
+
+    void format(typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                Context& ctx) const {
+      custom_.format(custom_.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    detail::custom_value<Context> custom_;
+  };
+
+  constexpr basic_format_arg() : type_(detail::type::none_type) {}
+
+  constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+    return type_ != detail::type::none_type;
+  }
+
+  auto type() const -> detail::type { return type_; }
+
+  auto is_integral() const -> bool { return detail::is_integral_type(type_); }
+  auto is_arithmetic() const -> bool {
+    return detail::is_arithmetic_type(type_);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Visits an argument dispatching to the appropriate visit method based on
+   * the argument type. For example, if the argument type is `double` then
+   * `vis(value)` will be called with the value of type `double`.
+   */
+  template <typename Visitor>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto visit(Visitor&& vis) const -> decltype(vis(0)) {
+    switch (type_) {
+    case detail::type::none_type:
+      break;
+    case detail::type::int_type:
+      return vis(value_.int_value);
+    case detail::type::uint_type:
+      return vis(value_.uint_value);
+    case detail::type::long_long_type:
+      return vis(value_.long_long_value);
+    case detail::type::ulong_long_type:
+      return vis(value_.ulong_long_value);
+    case detail::type::int128_type:
+      return vis(detail::convert_for_visit(value_.int128_value));
+    case detail::type::uint128_type:
+      return vis(detail::convert_for_visit(value_.uint128_value));
+    case detail::type::bool_type:
+      return vis(value_.bool_value);
+    case detail::type::char_type:
+      return vis(value_.char_value);
+    case detail::type::float_type:
+      return vis(value_.float_value);
+    case detail::type::double_type:
+      return vis(value_.double_value);
+    case detail::type::long_double_type:
+      return vis(value_.long_double_value);
+    case detail::type::cstring_type:
+      return vis(value_.string.data);
+    case detail::type::string_type:
+      using sv = basic_string_view<typename Context::char_type>;
+      return vis(sv(value_.string.data, value_.string.size));
+    case detail::type::pointer_type:
+      return vis(value_.pointer);
+    case detail::type::custom_type:
+      return vis(typename basic_format_arg<Context>::handle(value_.custom));
+    }
+    return vis(monostate());
+  }
+
+  auto format_custom(const char_type* parse_begin,
+                     typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                     Context& ctx) -> bool {
+    if (type_ != detail::type::custom_type) return false;
+    parse_ctx.advance_to(parse_begin);
+    value_.custom.format(value_.custom.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Visitor, typename Context>
+FMT_DEPRECATED FMT_CONSTEXPR auto visit_format_arg(
+    Visitor&& vis, const basic_format_arg<Context>& arg) -> decltype(vis(0)) {
+  return arg.visit(static_cast<Visitor&&>(vis));
+}
+
+/**
+ * A view of a collection of formatting arguments. To avoid lifetime issues it
+ * should only be used as a parameter type in type-erased functions such as
+ * `vformat`:
+ *
+ *     void vlog(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);  // OK
+ *     fmt::format_args args = fmt::make_format_args();  // Dangling reference
+ */
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_args {
+ public:
+  using size_type = int;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<Context>;
+
+ private:
+  // A descriptor that contains information about formatting arguments.
+  // If the number of arguments is less or equal to max_packed_args then
+  // argument types are passed in the descriptor. This reduces binary code size
+  // per formatting function call.
+  unsigned long long desc_;
+  union {
+    // If is_packed() returns true then argument values are stored in values_;
+    // otherwise they are stored in args_. This is done to improve cache
+    // locality and reduce compiled code size since storing larger objects
+    // may require more code (at least on x86-64) even if the same amount of
+    // data is actually copied to stack. It saves ~10% on the bloat test.
+    const detail::value<Context>* values_;
+    const format_arg* args_;
+  };
+
+  constexpr auto is_packed() const -> bool {
+    return (desc_ & detail::is_unpacked_bit) == 0;
+  }
+  constexpr auto has_named_args() const -> bool {
+    return (desc_ & detail::has_named_args_bit) != 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto type(int index) const -> detail::type {
+    int shift = index * detail::packed_arg_bits;
+    unsigned int mask = (1 << detail::packed_arg_bits) - 1;
+    return static_cast<detail::type>((desc_ >> shift) & mask);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  constexpr basic_format_args() : desc_(0), args_(nullptr) {}
+
+  /// Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `format_arg_store`.
+  template <size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS, unsigned long long DESC,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(NUM_ARGS <= detail::max_packed_args)>
+  constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE basic_format_args(
+      const detail::format_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC>&
+          store)
+      : desc_(DESC), values_(store.args + (NUM_NAMED_ARGS != 0 ? 1 : 0)) {}
+
+  template <size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS, unsigned long long DESC,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(NUM_ARGS > detail::max_packed_args)>
+  constexpr basic_format_args(
+      const detail::format_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC>&
+          store)
+      : desc_(DESC), args_(store.args + (NUM_NAMED_ARGS != 0 ? 1 : 0)) {}
+
+  /// Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `dynamic_format_arg_store`.
+  constexpr basic_format_args(const dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>& store)
+      : desc_(store.get_types()), args_(store.data()) {}
+
+  /// Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from a dynamic list of arguments.
+  constexpr basic_format_args(const format_arg* args, int count)
+      : desc_(detail::is_unpacked_bit | detail::to_unsigned(count)),
+        args_(args) {}
+
+  /// Returns the argument with the specified id.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get(int id) const -> format_arg {
+    format_arg arg;
+    if (!is_packed()) {
+      if (id < max_size()) arg = args_[id];
+      return arg;
+    }
+    if (static_cast<unsigned>(id) >= detail::max_packed_args) return arg;
+    arg.type_ = type(id);
+    if (arg.type_ == detail::type::none_type) return arg;
+    arg.value_ = values_[id];
+    return arg;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char>
+  auto get(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> format_arg {
+    int id = get_id(name);
+    return id >= 0 ? get(id) : format_arg();
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> int {
+    if (!has_named_args()) return -1;
+    const auto& named_args =
+        (is_packed() ? values_[-1] : args_[-1].value_).named_args;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < named_args.size; ++i) {
+      if (named_args.data[i].name == name) return named_args.data[i].id;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  auto max_size() const -> int {
+    unsigned long long max_packed = detail::max_packed_args;
+    return static_cast<int>(is_packed() ? max_packed
+                                        : desc_ & ~detail::is_unpacked_bit);
+  }
+};
+
+// A formatting context.
+class context {
+ private:
+  appender out_;
+  basic_format_args<context> args_;
+  detail::locale_ref loc_;
+
+ public:
+  /// The character type for the output.
+  using char_type = char;
+
+  using iterator = appender;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<context>;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<char>;
+  template <typename T> using formatter_type = formatter<T, char>;
+
+  /// Constructs a `basic_format_context` object. References to the arguments
+  /// are stored in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR context(iterator out, basic_format_args<context> ctx_args,
+                        detail::locale_ref loc = {})
+      : out_(out), args_(ctx_args), loc_(loc) {}
+  context(context&&) = default;
+  context(const context&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const context&) = delete;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg(int id) const -> format_arg { return args_.get(id); }
+  auto arg(string_view name) -> format_arg { return args_.get(name); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg_id(string_view name) -> int {
+    return args_.get_id(name);
+  }
+  auto args() const -> const basic_format_args<context>& { return args_; }
+
+  // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the output range.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto out() -> iterator { return out_; }
+
+  // Advances the begin iterator to `it`.
+  void advance_to(iterator) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto locale() -> detail::locale_ref { return loc_; }
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class generic_context;
+
+// Longer aliases for C++20 compatibility.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+using basic_format_context =
+    conditional_t<std::is_same<OutputIt, appender>::value, context,
+                  generic_context<OutputIt, Char>>;
+using format_context = context;
+
+template <typename Char>
+using buffered_context = basic_format_context<basic_appender<Char>, Char>;
+
+template <typename T, typename Char = char>
+using is_formattable = bool_constant<!std::is_base_of<
+    detail::unformattable, decltype(detail::arg_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>()
+                                        .map(std::declval<T&>()))>::value>;
+
+#if FMT_USE_CONCEPTS
+template <typename T, typename Char = char>
+concept formattable = is_formattable<remove_reference_t<T>, Char>::value;
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Constructs an object that stores references to arguments and can be
+ * implicitly converted to `format_args`. `Context` can be omitted in which case
+ * it defaults to `format_context`. See `arg` for lifetime considerations.
+ */
+// Take arguments by lvalue references to avoid some lifetime issues, e.g.
+//   auto args = make_format_args(std::string());
+template <typename Context = format_context, typename... T,
+          size_t NUM_ARGS = sizeof...(T),
+          size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS = detail::count_named_args<T...>(),
+          unsigned long long DESC = detail::make_descriptor<Context, T...>(),
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(NUM_NAMED_ARGS == 0)>
+constexpr FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE auto make_format_args(T&... args)
+    -> detail::format_arg_store<Context, NUM_ARGS, 0, DESC> {
+  return {{detail::make_arg<NUM_ARGS <= detail::max_packed_args, Context>(
+      args)...}};
+}
+
+#ifndef FMT_DOC
+template <typename Context = format_context, typename... T,
+          size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS = detail::count_named_args<T...>(),
+          unsigned long long DESC =
+              detail::make_descriptor<Context, T...>() |
+              static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit),
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(NUM_NAMED_ARGS != 0)>
+constexpr auto make_format_args(T&... args)
+    -> detail::format_arg_store<Context, sizeof...(T), NUM_NAMED_ARGS, DESC> {
+  return {args...};
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function.
+ * It should only be used in a call to a formatting function or
+ * `dynamic_format_arg_store::push_back`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
+ */
+template <typename Char, typename T>
+inline auto arg(const Char* name, const T& arg) -> detail::named_arg<Char, T> {
+  static_assert(!detail::is_named_arg<T>(), "nested named arguments");
+  return {name, arg};
+}
+FMT_END_EXPORT
+
+/// An alias for `basic_format_args<format_context>`.
+// A separate type would result in shorter symbols but break ABI compatibility
+// between clang and gcc on ARM (#1919).
+FMT_EXPORT using format_args = basic_format_args<format_context>;
+
+// We cannot use enum classes as bit fields because of a gcc bug, so we put them
+// in namespaces instead (https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61414).
+// Additionally, if an underlying type is specified, older gcc incorrectly warns
+// that the type is too small. Both bugs are fixed in gcc 9.3.
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 903
+#  define FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(type)
+#else
+#  define FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(type) : type
+#endif
+namespace align {
+enum type FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(unsigned char){none, left, right, center,
+                                                  numeric};
+}
+using align_t = align::type;
+namespace sign {
+enum type FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(unsigned char){none, minus, plus, space};
+}
+using sign_t = sign::type;
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Char>
+using unsigned_char = typename conditional_t<std::is_integral<Char>::value,
+                                             std::make_unsigned<Char>,
+                                             type_identity<unsigned>>::type;
+
+// Character (code unit) type is erased to prevent template bloat.
+struct fill_t {
+ private:
+  enum { max_size = 4 };
+  char data_[max_size] = {' '};
+  unsigned char size_ = 1;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename Char>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator=(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
+    auto size = s.size();
+    size_ = static_cast<unsigned char>(size);
+    if (size == 1) {
+      unsigned uchar = static_cast<unsigned_char<Char>>(s[0]);
+      data_[0] = static_cast<char>(uchar);
+      data_[1] = static_cast<char>(uchar >> 8);
+      return;
+    }
+    FMT_ASSERT(size <= max_size, "invalid fill");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) data_[i] = static_cast<char>(s[i]);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator=(char c) {
+    data_[0] = c;
+    size_ = 1;
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto size() const -> size_t { return size_; }
+
+  template <typename Char> constexpr auto get() const -> Char {
+    using uchar = unsigned char;
+    return static_cast<Char>(static_cast<uchar>(data_[0]) |
+                             (static_cast<uchar>(data_[1]) << 8));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+  constexpr auto data() const -> const Char* {
+    return data_;
+  }
+  template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+  constexpr auto data() const -> const Char* {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+enum class presentation_type : unsigned char {
+  // Common specifiers:
+  none = 0,
+  debug = 1,   // '?'
+  string = 2,  // 's' (string, bool)
+
+  // Integral, bool and character specifiers:
+  dec = 3,  // 'd'
+  hex,      // 'x' or 'X'
+  oct,      // 'o'
+  bin,      // 'b' or 'B'
+  chr,      // 'c'
+
+  // String and pointer specifiers:
+  pointer = 3,  // 'p'
+
+  // Floating-point specifiers:
+  exp = 1,  // 'e' or 'E' (1 since there is no FP debug presentation)
+  fixed,    // 'f' or 'F'
+  general,  // 'g' or 'G'
+  hexfloat  // 'a' or 'A'
+};
+
+// Format specifiers for built-in and string types.
+struct format_specs {
+  int width;
+  int precision;
+  presentation_type type;
+  align_t align : 4;
+  sign_t sign : 3;
+  bool upper : 1;  // An uppercase version e.g. 'X' for 'x'.
+  bool alt : 1;    // Alternate form ('#').
+  bool localized : 1;
+  detail::fill_t fill;
+
+  constexpr format_specs()
+      : width(0),
+        precision(-1),
+        type(presentation_type::none),
+        align(align::none),
+        sign(sign::none),
+        upper(false),
+        alt(false),
+        localized(false) {}
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+enum class arg_id_kind { none, index, name };
+
+// An argument reference.
+template <typename Char> struct arg_ref {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref() : kind(arg_id_kind::none), val() {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(int index)
+      : kind(arg_id_kind::index), val(index) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> name)
+      : kind(arg_id_kind::name), val(name) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator=(int idx) -> arg_ref& {
+    kind = arg_id_kind::index;
+    val.index = idx;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  arg_id_kind kind;
+  union value {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(int idx = 0) : index(idx) {}
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(basic_string_view<Char> n) : name(n) {}
+
+    int index;
+    basic_string_view<Char> name;
+  } val;
+};
+
+// Format specifiers with width and precision resolved at formatting rather
+// than parsing time to allow reusing the same parsed specifiers with
+// different sets of arguments (precompilation of format strings).
+template <typename Char = char> struct dynamic_format_specs : format_specs {
+  arg_ref<Char> width_ref;
+  arg_ref<Char> precision_ref;
+};
+
+// Converts a character to ASCII. Returns '\0' on conversion failure.
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Char>::value)>
+constexpr auto to_ascii(Char c) -> char {
+  return c <= 0xff ? static_cast<char>(c) : '\0';
+}
+
+// Returns the number of code units in a code point or 1 on error.
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto code_point_length(const Char* begin) -> int {
+  if (const_check(sizeof(Char) != 1)) return 1;
+  auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*begin);
+  return static_cast<int>((0x3a55000000000000ull >> (2 * (c >> 3))) & 0x3) + 1;
+}
+
+// Return the result via the out param to workaround gcc bug 77539.
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename T, typename Ptr = const T*>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto find(Ptr first, Ptr last, T value, Ptr& out) -> bool {
+  for (out = first; out != last; ++out) {
+    if (*out == value) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline auto find<false, char>(const char* first, const char* last, char value,
+                              const char*& out) -> bool {
+  out =
+      static_cast<const char*>(memchr(first, value, to_unsigned(last - first)));
+  return out != nullptr;
+}
+
+// Parses the range [begin, end) as an unsigned integer. This function assumes
+// that the range is non-empty and the first character is a digit.
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_nonnegative_int(const Char*& begin, const Char* end,
+                                         int error_value) noexcept -> int {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9', "");
+  unsigned value = 0, prev = 0;
+  auto p = begin;
+  do {
+    prev = value;
+    value = value * 10 + unsigned(*p - '0');
+    ++p;
+  } while (p != end && '0' <= *p && *p <= '9');
+  auto num_digits = p - begin;
+  begin = p;
+  int digits10 = static_cast<int>(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT * 3 / 10);
+  if (num_digits <= digits10) return static_cast<int>(value);
+  // Check for overflow.
+  unsigned max = INT_MAX;
+  return num_digits == digits10 + 1 &&
+                 prev * 10ull + unsigned(p[-1] - '0') <= max
+             ? static_cast<int>(value)
+             : error_value;
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto parse_align(char c) -> align_t {
+  switch (c) {
+  case '<':
+    return align::left;
+  case '>':
+    return align::right;
+  case '^':
+    return align::center;
+  }
+  return align::none;
+}
+
+template <typename Char> constexpr auto is_name_start(Char c) -> bool {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || c == '_';
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto do_parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                   Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  Char c = *begin;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+    int index = 0;
+    if (c != '0')
+      index = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, INT_MAX);
+    else
+      ++begin;
+    if (begin == end || (*begin != '}' && *begin != ':'))
+      report_error("invalid format string");
+    else
+      handler.on_index(index);
+    return begin;
+  }
+  if (!is_name_start(c)) {
+    report_error("invalid format string");
+    return begin;
+  }
+  auto it = begin;
+  do {
+    ++it;
+  } while (it != end && (is_name_start(*it) || ('0' <= *it && *it <= '9')));
+  handler.on_name({begin, to_unsigned(it - begin)});
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  Char c = *begin;
+  if (c != '}' && c != ':') return do_parse_arg_id(begin, end, handler);
+  handler.on_auto();
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char> struct dynamic_spec_id_handler {
+  basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx;
+  arg_ref<Char>& ref;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_auto() {
+    int id = ctx.next_arg_id();
+    ref = arg_ref<Char>(id);
+    ctx.check_dynamic_spec(id);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_index(int id) {
+    ref = arg_ref<Char>(id);
+    ctx.check_arg_id(id);
+    ctx.check_dynamic_spec(id);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_name(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    ref = arg_ref<Char>(id);
+    ctx.check_arg_id(id);
+  }
+};
+
+// Parses [integer | "{" [arg_id] "}"].
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_dynamic_spec(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                      int& value, arg_ref<Char>& ref,
+                                      basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+    -> const Char* {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  if ('0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9') {
+    int val = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, -1);
+    if (val != -1)
+      value = val;
+    else
+      report_error("number is too big");
+  } else if (*begin == '{') {
+    ++begin;
+    auto handler = dynamic_spec_id_handler<Char>{ctx, ref};
+    if (begin != end) begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, handler);
+    if (begin != end && *begin == '}') return ++begin;
+    report_error("invalid format string");
+  }
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_precision(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                   int& value, arg_ref<Char>& ref,
+                                   basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+    -> const Char* {
+  ++begin;
+  if (begin == end || *begin == '}') {
+    report_error("invalid precision");
+    return begin;
+  }
+  return parse_dynamic_spec(begin, end, value, ref, ctx);
+}
+
+enum class state { start, align, sign, hash, zero, width, precision, locale };
+
+// Parses standard format specifiers.
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_format_specs(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                      dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                      basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx,
+                                      type arg_type) -> const Char* {
+  auto c = '\0';
+  if (end - begin > 1) {
+    auto next = to_ascii(begin[1]);
+    c = parse_align(next) == align::none ? to_ascii(*begin) : '\0';
+  } else {
+    if (begin == end) return begin;
+    c = to_ascii(*begin);
+  }
+
+  struct {
+    state current_state = state::start;
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(state s, bool valid = true) {
+      if (current_state >= s || !valid)
+        report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      current_state = s;
+    }
+  } enter_state;
+
+  using pres = presentation_type;
+  constexpr auto integral_set = sint_set | uint_set | bool_set | char_set;
+  struct {
+    const Char*& begin;
+    dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs;
+    type arg_type;
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(pres pres_type, int set) -> const Char* {
+      if (!in(arg_type, set)) {
+        if (arg_type == type::none_type) return begin;
+        report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      }
+      specs.type = pres_type;
+      return begin + 1;
+    }
+  } parse_presentation_type{begin, specs, arg_type};
+
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (c) {
+    case '<':
+    case '>':
+    case '^':
+      enter_state(state::align);
+      specs.align = parse_align(c);
+      ++begin;
+      break;
+    case '+':
+    case '-':
+    case ' ':
+      if (arg_type == type::none_type) return begin;
+      enter_state(state::sign, in(arg_type, sint_set | float_set));
+      switch (c) {
+      case '+':
+        specs.sign = sign::plus;
+        break;
+      case '-':
+        specs.sign = sign::minus;
+        break;
+      case ' ':
+        specs.sign = sign::space;
+        break;
+      }
+      ++begin;
+      break;
+    case '#':
+      if (arg_type == type::none_type) return begin;
+      enter_state(state::hash, is_arithmetic_type(arg_type));
+      specs.alt = true;
+      ++begin;
+      break;
+    case '0':
+      enter_state(state::zero);
+      if (!is_arithmetic_type(arg_type)) {
+        if (arg_type == type::none_type) return begin;
+        report_error("format specifier requires numeric argument");
+      }
+      if (specs.align == align::none) {
+        // Ignore 0 if align is specified for compatibility with std::format.
+        specs.align = align::numeric;
+        specs.fill = '0';
+      }
+      ++begin;
+      break;
+    case '1':
+    case '2':
+    case '3':
+    case '4':
+    case '5':
+    case '6':
+    case '7':
+    case '8':
+    case '9':
+    case '{':
+      enter_state(state::width);
+      begin = parse_dynamic_spec(begin, end, specs.width, specs.width_ref, ctx);
+      break;
+    case '.':
+      if (arg_type == type::none_type) return begin;
+      enter_state(state::precision,
+                  in(arg_type, float_set | string_set | cstring_set));
+      begin = parse_precision(begin, end, specs.precision, specs.precision_ref,
+                              ctx);
+      break;
+    case 'L':
+      if (arg_type == type::none_type) return begin;
+      enter_state(state::locale, is_arithmetic_type(arg_type));
+      specs.localized = true;
+      ++begin;
+      break;
+    case 'd':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::dec, integral_set);
+    case 'X':
+      specs.upper = true;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 'x':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::hex, integral_set);
+    case 'o':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::oct, integral_set);
+    case 'B':
+      specs.upper = true;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 'b':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::bin, integral_set);
+    case 'E':
+      specs.upper = true;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 'e':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::exp, float_set);
+    case 'F':
+      specs.upper = true;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 'f':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::fixed, float_set);
+    case 'G':
+      specs.upper = true;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 'g':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::general, float_set);
+    case 'A':
+      specs.upper = true;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 'a':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::hexfloat, float_set);
+    case 'c':
+      if (arg_type == type::bool_type) report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::chr, integral_set);
+    case 's':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::string,
+                                     bool_set | string_set | cstring_set);
+    case 'p':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::pointer, pointer_set | cstring_set);
+    case '?':
+      return parse_presentation_type(pres::debug,
+                                     char_set | string_set | cstring_set);
+    case '}':
+      return begin;
+    default: {
+      if (*begin == '}') return begin;
+      // Parse fill and alignment.
+      auto fill_end = begin + code_point_length(begin);
+      if (end - fill_end <= 0) {
+        report_error("invalid format specifier");
+        return begin;
+      }
+      if (*begin == '{') {
+        report_error("invalid fill character '{'");
+        return begin;
+      }
+      auto align = parse_align(to_ascii(*fill_end));
+      enter_state(state::align, align != align::none);
+      specs.fill =
+          basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(fill_end - begin));
+      specs.align = align;
+      begin = fill_end + 1;
+    }
+    }
+    if (begin == end) return begin;
+    c = to_ascii(*begin);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_replacement_field(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                           Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  struct id_adapter {
+    Handler& handler;
+    int arg_id;
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_auto() { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_index(int id) { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_name(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+      arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id);
+    }
+  };
+
+  ++begin;
+  if (begin == end) return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), end;
+  if (*begin == '}') {
+    handler.on_replacement_field(handler.on_arg_id(), begin);
+  } else if (*begin == '{') {
+    handler.on_text(begin, begin + 1);
+  } else {
+    auto adapter = id_adapter{handler, 0};
+    begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, adapter);
+    Char c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
+    if (c == '}') {
+      handler.on_replacement_field(adapter.arg_id, begin);
+    } else if (c == ':') {
+      begin = handler.on_format_specs(adapter.arg_id, begin + 1, end);
+      if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+        return handler.on_error("unknown format specifier"), end;
+    } else {
+      return handler.on_error("missing '}' in format string"), end;
+    }
+  }
+  return begin + 1;
+}
+
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void parse_format_string(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                                       Handler&& handler) {
+  auto begin = format_str.data();
+  auto end = begin + format_str.size();
+  if (end - begin < 32) {
+    // Use a simple loop instead of memchr for small strings.
+    const Char* p = begin;
+    while (p != end) {
+      auto c = *p++;
+      if (c == '{') {
+        handler.on_text(begin, p - 1);
+        begin = p = parse_replacement_field(p - 1, end, handler);
+      } else if (c == '}') {
+        if (p == end || *p != '}')
+          return handler.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+        handler.on_text(begin, p);
+        begin = ++p;
+      }
+    }
+    handler.on_text(begin, end);
+    return;
+  }
+  struct writer {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(const Char* from, const Char* to) {
+      if (from == to) return;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Char* p = nullptr;
+        if (!find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(from, to, Char('}'), p))
+          return handler_.on_text(from, to);
+        ++p;
+        if (p == to || *p != '}')
+          return handler_.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+        handler_.on_text(from, p);
+        from = p + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    Handler& handler_;
+  } write = {handler};
+  while (begin != end) {
+    // Doing two passes with memchr (one for '{' and another for '}') is up to
+    // 2.5x faster than the naive one-pass implementation on big format strings.
+    const Char* p = begin;
+    if (*begin != '{' && !find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(begin + 1, end, Char('{'), p))
+      return write(begin, end);
+    write(begin, p);
+    begin = parse_replacement_field(p, end, handler);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, bool = is_named_arg<T>::value> struct strip_named_arg {
+  using type = T;
+};
+template <typename T> struct strip_named_arg<T, true> {
+  using type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(T::value)>;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename ParseContext>
+FMT_VISIBILITY("hidden")  // Suppress an ld warning on macOS (#3769).
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_format_specs(ParseContext& ctx)
+    -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+  using char_type = typename ParseContext::char_type;
+  using context = buffered_context<char_type>;
+  using mapped_type = conditional_t<
+      mapped_type_constant<T, context>::value != type::custom_type,
+      decltype(arg_mapper<context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())),
+      typename strip_named_arg<T>::type>;
+#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
+  if constexpr (std::is_default_constructible<
+                    formatter<mapped_type, char_type>>::value) {
+    return formatter<mapped_type, char_type>().parse(ctx);
+  } else {
+    type_is_unformattable_for<T, char_type> _;
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+#else
+  return formatter<mapped_type, char_type>().parse(ctx);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Checks char specs and returns true iff the presentation type is char-like.
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto check_char_specs(const format_specs& specs) -> bool {
+  if (specs.type != presentation_type::none &&
+      specs.type != presentation_type::chr &&
+      specs.type != presentation_type::debug) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (specs.align == align::numeric || specs.sign != sign::none || specs.alt)
+    report_error("invalid format specifier for char");
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
+template <int N, typename T, typename... Args, typename Char>
+constexpr auto get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
+  if constexpr (is_statically_named_arg<T>()) {
+    if (name == T::name) return N;
+  }
+  if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0)
+    return get_arg_index_by_name<N + 1, Args...>(name);
+  (void)name;  // Workaround an MSVC bug about "unused" parameter.
+  return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename... Args, typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
+  if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0)
+    return get_arg_index_by_name<0, Args...>(name);
+#endif
+  (void)name;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename... Args> class format_string_checker {
+ private:
+  using parse_context_type = compile_parse_context<Char>;
+  static constexpr int num_args = sizeof...(Args);
+
+  // Format specifier parsing function.
+  // In the future basic_format_parse_context will replace compile_parse_context
+  // here and will use is_constant_evaluated and downcasting to access the data
+  // needed for compile-time checks: https://godbolt.org/z/GvWzcTjh1.
+  using parse_func = const Char* (*)(parse_context_type&);
+
+  type types_[num_args > 0 ? static_cast<size_t>(num_args) : 1];
+  parse_context_type context_;
+  parse_func parse_funcs_[num_args > 0 ? static_cast<size_t>(num_args) : 1];
+
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR format_string_checker(basic_string_view<Char> fmt)
+      : types_{mapped_type_constant<Args, buffered_context<Char>>::value...},
+        context_(fmt, num_args, types_),
+        parse_funcs_{&parse_format_specs<Args, parse_context_type>...} {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id() -> int { return context_.next_arg_id(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(int id) -> int {
+    return context_.check_arg_id(id), id;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) -> int {
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
+    auto index = get_arg_index_by_name<Args...>(id);
+    if (index < 0) on_error("named argument is not found");
+    return index;
+#else
+    (void)id;
+    on_error("compile-time checks for named arguments require C++20 support");
+    return 0;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int id, const Char* begin) {
+    on_format_specs(id, begin, begin);  // Call parse() on empty specs.
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char*)
+      -> const Char* {
+    context_.advance_to(begin);
+    // id >= 0 check is a workaround for gcc 10 bug (#2065).
+    return id >= 0 && id < num_args ? parse_funcs_[id](context_) : begin;
+  }
+
+  FMT_NORETURN FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    report_error(message);
+  }
+};
+
+// A base class for compile-time strings.
+struct compile_string {};
+
+template <typename S>
+using is_compile_string = std::is_base_of<compile_string, S>;
+
+// Reports a compile-time error if S is not a valid format string.
+template <typename..., typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE void check_format_string(const S&) {
+#ifdef FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING
+  static_assert(is_compile_string<S>::value,
+                "FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING requires all format strings to use "
+                "FMT_STRING.");
+#endif
+}
+template <typename... Args, typename S,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+void check_format_string(S format_str) {
+  using char_t = typename S::char_type;
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto s = basic_string_view<char_t>(format_str);
+  using checker = format_string_checker<char_t, remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool error = (parse_format_string<true>(s, checker(s)), true);
+  ignore_unused(error);
+}
+
+// Report truncation to prevent silent data loss.
+inline void report_truncation(bool truncated) {
+  if (truncated) report_error("output is truncated");
+}
+
+// Use vformat_args and avoid type_identity to keep symbols short and workaround
+// a GCC <= 4.8 bug.
+template <typename Char = char> struct vformat_args {
+  using type = basic_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>;
+};
+template <> struct vformat_args<char> {
+  using type = format_args;
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                typename vformat_args<Char>::type args, locale_ref loc = {});
+
+FMT_API void vprint_mojibake(FILE*, string_view, format_args, bool = false);
+#ifndef _WIN32
+inline void vprint_mojibake(FILE*, string_view, format_args, bool) {}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, type TYPE> struct native_formatter {
+ private:
+  dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+
+ public:
+  using nonlocking = void;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> const Char* {
+    if (ctx.begin() == ctx.end() || *ctx.begin() == '}') return ctx.begin();
+    auto end = parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), specs_, ctx, TYPE);
+    if (const_check(TYPE == type::char_type)) check_char_specs(specs_);
+    return end;
+  }
+
+  template <type U = TYPE,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(U == type::string_type || U == type::cstring_type ||
+                          U == type::char_type)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_debug_format(bool set = true) {
+    specs_.type = set ? presentation_type::debug : presentation_type::none;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out());
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
+
+// A formatter specialization for natively supported types.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<T, Char,
+                 enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
+                             detail::type::custom_type>>
+    : detail::native_formatter<T, Char, detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value> {
+};
+
+template <typename Char = char> struct runtime_format_string {
+  basic_string_view<Char> str;
+};
+
+/// A compile-time format string.
+template <typename Char, typename... Args> class basic_format_string {
+ private:
+  basic_string_view<Char> str_;
+
+ public:
+  template <
+      typename S,
+      FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+          std::is_convertible<const S&, basic_string_view<Char>>::value ||
+          (detail::is_compile_string<S>::value &&
+           std::is_constructible<basic_string_view<Char>, const S&>::value))>
+  FMT_CONSTEVAL FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE basic_format_string(const S& s) : str_(s) {
+    static_assert(
+        detail::count<
+            (std::is_base_of<detail::view, remove_reference_t<Args>>::value &&
+             std::is_reference<Args>::value)...>() == 0,
+        "passing views as lvalues is disallowed");
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEVAL
+    if constexpr (detail::count_named_args<Args...>() ==
+                  detail::count_statically_named_args<Args...>()) {
+      using checker =
+          detail::format_string_checker<Char, remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
+      detail::parse_format_string<true>(str_, checker(s));
+    }
+#else
+    detail::check_format_string<Args...>(s);
+#endif
+  }
+  basic_format_string(runtime_format_string<Char> fmt) : str_(fmt.str) {}
+
+  FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE operator basic_string_view<Char>() const { return str_; }
+  auto get() const -> basic_string_view<Char> { return str_; }
+};
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+// Workaround broken conversion on older gcc.
+template <typename...> using format_string = string_view;
+inline auto runtime(string_view s) -> string_view { return s; }
+#else
+template <typename... Args>
+using format_string = basic_format_string<char, type_identity_t<Args>...>;
+/**
+ * Creates a runtime format string.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     // Check format string at runtime instead of compile-time.
+ *     fmt::print(fmt::runtime("{:d}"), "I am not a number");
+ */
+inline auto runtime(string_view s) -> runtime_format_string<> { return {{s}}; }
+#endif
+
+/// Formats a string and writes the output to `out`.
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<remove_cvref_t<OutputIt>,
+                                                   char>::value)>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt&& out, string_view fmt, format_args args)
+    -> remove_cvref_t<OutputIt> {
+  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<char>(out);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt`, writes the result to
+ * the output iterator `out` and returns the iterator past the end of the output
+ * range. `format_to` does not append a terminating null character.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto out = std::vector<char>();
+ *     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<remove_cvref_t<OutputIt>,
+                                                   char>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt&& out, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> remove_cvref_t<OutputIt> {
+  return vformat_to(FMT_FWD(out), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt> struct format_to_n_result {
+  /// Iterator past the end of the output range.
+  OutputIt out;
+  /// Total (not truncated) output size.
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, string_view fmt, format_args args)
+    -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
+  using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
+  auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, traits>(out, n);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
+  return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt`, writes up to `n`
+ * characters of the result to the output iterator `out` and returns the total
+ * (not truncated) output size and the iterator past the end of the output
+ * range. `format_to_n` does not append a terminating null character.
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, format_string<T...> fmt,
+                            T&&... args) -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Sentinel = OutputIt>
+struct format_to_result {
+  /// Iterator pointing to just after the last successful write in the range.
+  OutputIt out;
+  /// Specifies if the output was truncated.
+  bool truncated;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR operator OutputIt&() & {
+    detail::report_truncation(truncated);
+    return out;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR operator const OutputIt&() const& {
+    detail::report_truncation(truncated);
+    return out;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR operator OutputIt&&() && {
+    detail::report_truncation(truncated);
+    return static_cast<OutputIt&&>(out);
+  }
+};
+
+template <size_t N>
+auto vformat_to(char (&out)[N], string_view fmt, format_args args)
+    -> format_to_result<char*> {
+  auto result = vformat_to_n(out, N, fmt, args);
+  return {result.out, result.size > N};
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE auto format_to(char (&out)[N], format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> format_to_result<char*> {
+  auto result = fmt::format_to_n(out, N, fmt, static_cast<T&&>(args)...);
+  return {result.out, result.size > N};
+}
+
+/// Returns the number of chars in the output of `format(fmt, args...)`.
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(format_string<T...> fmt,
+                                             T&&... args) -> size_t {
+  auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<>();
+  detail::vformat_to<char>(buf, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...), {});
+  return buf.count();
+}
+
+FMT_API void vprint(string_view fmt, format_args args);
+FMT_API void vprint(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
+FMT_API void vprint_buffered(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
+FMT_API void vprintln(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
+
+/**
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
+ * to `stdout`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("The answer is {}.", 42);
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
+  if (!detail::use_utf8()) return detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, fmt, vargs);
+  return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(stdout, fmt, vargs)
+                                    : vprint(fmt, vargs);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the
+ * output to the file `f`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print(stderr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE void print(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
+  if (!detail::use_utf8()) return detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt, vargs);
+  return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(f, fmt, vargs)
+                                    : vprint(f, fmt, vargs);
+}
+
+/// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
+/// to the file `f` followed by a newline.
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE void println(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
+  return detail::use_utf8() ? vprintln(f, fmt, vargs)
+                            : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt, vargs, true);
+}
+
+/// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
+/// to `stdout` followed by a newline.
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE void println(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  return fmt::println(stdout, fmt, static_cast<T&&>(args)...);
+}
+
+FMT_END_EXPORT
+FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC pop_options")
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#  include "format.h"
+#endif
+#endif  // FMT_BASE_H_
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h
index ff3e1445b..c93123fd3 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h
@@ -8,15 +8,17 @@
 #ifndef FMT_CHRONO_H_
 #define FMT_CHRONO_H_
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <cmath>    // std::isfinite
-#include <cstring>  // std::memcpy
-#include <ctime>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <locale>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <type_traits>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <algorithm>
+#  include <chrono>
+#  include <cmath>    // std::isfinite
+#  include <cstring>  // std::memcpy
+#  include <ctime>
+#  include <iterator>
+#  include <locale>
+#  include <ostream>
+#  include <type_traits>
+#endif
 
 #include "format.h"
 
@@ -72,7 +74,8 @@ template <typename To, typename From,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value &&
                         std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed ==
                             std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
+    -> To {
   ec = 0;
   using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
   using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
@@ -93,15 +96,14 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
   return static_cast<To>(from);
 }
 
-/**
- * converts From to To, without loss. If the dynamic value of from
- * can't be converted to To without loss, ec is set.
- */
+/// Converts From to To, without loss. If the dynamic value of from
+/// can't be converted to To without loss, ec is set.
 template <typename To, typename From,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value &&
                         std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed !=
                             std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
+    -> To {
   ec = 0;
   using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
   using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
@@ -133,7 +135,8 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
 
 template <typename To, typename From,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
+    -> To {
   ec = 0;
   return from;
 }  // function
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
 // clang-format on
 template <typename To, typename From,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) -> To {
   ec = 0;
   using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
   static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
@@ -176,20 +179,18 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
 
 template <typename To, typename From,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) -> To {
   ec = 0;
   static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
   return from;
 }
 
-/**
- * safe duration cast between integral durations
- */
+/// Safe duration cast between integral durations
 template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<FromRep>::value),
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<typename To::rep>::value)>
-To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
-                      int& ec) {
+auto safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
+                        int& ec) -> To {
   using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
   ec = 0;
   // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
@@ -234,14 +235,12 @@ To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
   return ec ? To() : To(tocount);
 }
 
-/**
- * safe duration_cast between floating point durations
- */
+/// Safe duration_cast between floating point durations
 template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<FromRep>::value),
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<typename To::rep>::value)>
-To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
-                      int& ec) {
+auto safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
+                        int& ec) -> To {
   using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
   ec = 0;
   if (std::isnan(from.count())) {
@@ -321,12 +320,45 @@ To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
 
 namespace detail {
 template <typename T = void> struct null {};
-inline null<> localtime_r FMT_NOMACRO(...) { return null<>(); }
-inline null<> localtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
-inline null<> gmtime_r(...) { return null<>(); }
-inline null<> gmtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline auto localtime_r FMT_NOMACRO(...) -> null<> { return null<>(); }
+inline auto localtime_s(...) -> null<> { return null<>(); }
+inline auto gmtime_r(...) -> null<> { return null<>(); }
+inline auto gmtime_s(...) -> null<> { return null<>(); }
 
-inline const std::locale& get_classic_locale() {
+// It is defined here and not in ostream.h because the latter has expensive
+// includes.
+template <typename Streambuf> class formatbuf : public Streambuf {
+ private:
+  using char_type = typename Streambuf::char_type;
+  using streamsize = decltype(std::declval<Streambuf>().sputn(nullptr, 0));
+  using int_type = typename Streambuf::int_type;
+  using traits_type = typename Streambuf::traits_type;
+
+  buffer<char_type>& buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit formatbuf(buffer<char_type>& buf) : buffer_(buf) {}
+
+ protected:
+  // The put area is always empty. This makes the implementation simpler and has
+  // the advantage that the streambuf and the buffer are always in sync and
+  // sputc never writes into uninitialized memory. A disadvantage is that each
+  // call to sputc always results in a (virtual) call to overflow. There is no
+  // disadvantage here for sputn since this always results in a call to xsputn.
+
+  auto overflow(int_type ch) -> int_type override {
+    if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(ch, traits_type::eof()))
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<char_type>(ch));
+    return ch;
+  }
+
+  auto xsputn(const char_type* s, streamsize count) -> streamsize override {
+    buffer_.append(s, s + count);
+    return count;
+  }
+};
+
+inline auto get_classic_locale() -> const std::locale& {
   static const auto& locale = std::locale::classic();
   return locale;
 }
@@ -336,8 +368,6 @@ template <typename CodeUnit> struct codecvt_result {
   CodeUnit buf[max_size];
   CodeUnit* end;
 };
-template <typename CodeUnit>
-constexpr const size_t codecvt_result<CodeUnit>::max_size;
 
 template <typename CodeUnit>
 void write_codecvt(codecvt_result<CodeUnit>& out, string_view in_buf,
@@ -361,11 +391,12 @@ void write_codecvt(codecvt_result<CodeUnit>& out, string_view in_buf,
 template <typename OutputIt>
 auto write_encoded_tm_str(OutputIt out, string_view in, const std::locale& loc)
     -> OutputIt {
-  if (detail::is_utf8() && loc != get_classic_locale()) {
+  if (detail::use_utf8() && loc != get_classic_locale()) {
     // char16_t and char32_t codecvts are broken in MSVC (linkage errors) and
     // gcc-4.
-#if FMT_MSC_VERSION != 0 || \
-    (defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI))
+#if FMT_MSC_VERSION != 0 ||  \
+    (defined(__GLIBCXX__) && \
+     (!defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI) || _GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI == 0))
     // The _GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI macro is always defined in libstdc++ from gcc-5
     // and newer.
     using code_unit = wchar_t;
@@ -381,9 +412,9 @@ auto write_encoded_tm_str(OutputIt out, string_view in, const std::locale& loc)
         to_utf8<code_unit, basic_memory_buffer<char, unit_t::max_size * 4>>();
     if (!u.convert({unit.buf, to_unsigned(unit.end - unit.buf)}))
       FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
-    return copy_str<char>(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
+    return copy<char>(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
   }
-  return copy_str<char>(in.data(), in.data() + in.size(), out);
+  return copy<char>(in.data(), in.data() + in.size(), out);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt,
@@ -392,7 +423,7 @@ auto write_tm_str(OutputIt out, string_view sv, const std::locale& loc)
     -> OutputIt {
   codecvt_result<Char> unit;
   write_codecvt(unit, sv, loc);
-  return copy_str<Char>(unit.buf, unit.end, out);
+  return copy<Char>(unit.buf, unit.end, out);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt,
@@ -408,8 +439,7 @@ inline void do_write(buffer<Char>& buf, const std::tm& time,
   auto&& format_buf = formatbuf<std::basic_streambuf<Char>>(buf);
   auto&& os = std::basic_ostream<Char>(&format_buf);
   os.imbue(loc);
-  using iterator = std::ostreambuf_iterator<Char>;
-  const auto& facet = std::use_facet<std::time_put<Char, iterator>>(loc);
+  const auto& facet = std::use_facet<std::time_put<Char>>(loc);
   auto end = facet.put(os, os, Char(' '), &time, format, modifier);
   if (end.failed()) FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
 }
@@ -432,38 +462,83 @@ auto write(OutputIt out, const std::tm& time, const std::locale& loc,
   return write_encoded_tm_str(out, string_view(buf.data(), buf.size()), loc);
 }
 
+template <typename Rep1, typename Rep2>
+struct is_same_arithmetic_type
+    : public std::integral_constant<bool,
+                                    (std::is_integral<Rep1>::value &&
+                                     std::is_integral<Rep2>::value) ||
+                                        (std::is_floating_point<Rep1>::value &&
+                                         std::is_floating_point<Rep2>::value)> {
+};
+
+template <
+    typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
+    FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_same_arithmetic_type<FromRep, typename To::rep>::value)>
+auto fmt_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from) -> To {
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+  // Throwing version of safe_duration_cast is only available for
+  // integer to integer or float to float casts.
+  int ec;
+  To to = safe_duration_cast::safe_duration_cast<To>(from, ec);
+  if (ec) FMT_THROW(format_error("cannot format duration"));
+  return to;
+#else
+  // Standard duration cast, may overflow.
+  return std::chrono::duration_cast<To>(from);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <
+    typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
+    FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_same_arithmetic_type<FromRep, typename To::rep>::value)>
+auto fmt_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from) -> To {
+  // Mixed integer <-> float cast is not supported by safe_duration_cast.
+  return std::chrono::duration_cast<To>(from);
+}
+
+template <typename Duration>
+auto to_time_t(
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> time_point)
+    -> std::time_t {
+  // Cannot use std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t since this would first
+  // require a cast to std::chrono::system_clock::time_point, which could
+  // overflow.
+  return fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<std::time_t>>(
+             time_point.time_since_epoch())
+      .count();
+}
 }  // namespace detail
 
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 /**
-  Converts given time since epoch as ``std::time_t`` value into calendar time,
-  expressed in local time. Unlike ``std::localtime``, this function is
-  thread-safe on most platforms.
+ * Converts given time since epoch as `std::time_t` value into calendar time,
+ * expressed in local time. Unlike `std::localtime`, this function is
+ * thread-safe on most platforms.
  */
-inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time) {
+inline auto localtime(std::time_t time) -> std::tm {
   struct dispatcher {
     std::time_t time_;
     std::tm tm_;
 
     dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
 
-    bool run() {
+    auto run() -> bool {
       using namespace fmt::detail;
       return handle(localtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
     }
 
-    bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
+    auto handle(std::tm* tm) -> bool { return tm != nullptr; }
 
-    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+    auto handle(detail::null<>) -> bool {
       using namespace fmt::detail;
       return fallback(localtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
     }
 
-    bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
+    auto fallback(int res) -> bool { return res == 0; }
 
 #if !FMT_MSC_VERSION
-    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+    auto fallback(detail::null<>) -> bool {
       using namespace fmt::detail;
       std::tm* tm = std::localtime(&time_);
       if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
@@ -480,39 +555,39 @@ inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time) {
 #if FMT_USE_LOCAL_TIME
 template <typename Duration>
 inline auto localtime(std::chrono::local_time<Duration> time) -> std::tm {
-  return localtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(
-      std::chrono::current_zone()->to_sys(time)));
+  return localtime(
+      detail::to_time_t(std::chrono::current_zone()->to_sys(time)));
 }
 #endif
 
 /**
-  Converts given time since epoch as ``std::time_t`` value into calendar time,
-  expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Unlike ``std::gmtime``, this
-  function is thread-safe on most platforms.
+ * Converts given time since epoch as `std::time_t` value into calendar time,
+ * expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Unlike `std::gmtime`, this
+ * function is thread-safe on most platforms.
  */
-inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time) {
+inline auto gmtime(std::time_t time) -> std::tm {
   struct dispatcher {
     std::time_t time_;
     std::tm tm_;
 
     dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
 
-    bool run() {
+    auto run() -> bool {
       using namespace fmt::detail;
       return handle(gmtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
     }
 
-    bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
+    auto handle(std::tm* tm) -> bool { return tm != nullptr; }
 
-    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+    auto handle(detail::null<>) -> bool {
       using namespace fmt::detail;
       return fallback(gmtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
     }
 
-    bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
+    auto fallback(int res) -> bool { return res == 0; }
 
 #if !FMT_MSC_VERSION
-    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+    auto fallback(detail::null<>) -> bool {
       std::tm* tm = std::gmtime(&time_);
       if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
       return tm != nullptr;
@@ -525,9 +600,11 @@ inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time) {
   return gt.tm_;
 }
 
-inline std::tm gmtime(
-    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point) {
-  return gmtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
+template <typename Duration>
+inline auto gmtime(
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> time_point)
+    -> std::tm {
+  return gmtime(detail::to_time_t(time_point));
 }
 
 namespace detail {
@@ -566,7 +643,8 @@ inline void write_digit2_separated(char* buf, unsigned a, unsigned b,
   }
 }
 
-template <typename Period> FMT_CONSTEXPR inline const char* get_units() {
+template <typename Period>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto get_units() -> const char* {
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::atto>::value) return "as";
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::femto>::value) return "fs";
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::pico>::value) return "ps";
@@ -584,8 +662,9 @@ template <typename Period> FMT_CONSTEXPR inline const char* get_units() {
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::tera>::value) return "Ts";
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::peta>::value) return "Ps";
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::exa>::value) return "Es";
-  if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<60>>::value) return "m";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<60>>::value) return "min";
   if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<3600>>::value) return "h";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<86400>>::value) return "d";
   return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -597,12 +676,10 @@ enum class numeric_system {
 
 // Glibc extensions for formatting numeric values.
 enum class pad_type {
-  unspecified,
+  // Pad a numeric result string with zeros (the default).
+  zero,
   // Do not pad a numeric result string.
   none,
-  // Pad a numeric result string with zeros even if the conversion specifier
-  // character uses space-padding by default.
-  zero,
   // Pad a numeric result string with spaces.
   space,
 };
@@ -610,7 +687,7 @@ enum class pad_type {
 template <typename OutputIt>
 auto write_padding(OutputIt out, pad_type pad, int width) -> OutputIt {
   if (pad == pad_type::none) return out;
-  return std::fill_n(out, width, pad == pad_type::space ? ' ' : '0');
+  return detail::fill_n(out, width, pad == pad_type::space ? ' ' : '0');
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt>
@@ -621,14 +698,13 @@ auto write_padding(OutputIt out, pad_type pad) -> OutputIt {
 
 // Parses a put_time-like format string and invokes handler actions.
 template <typename Char, typename Handler>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
-                                              const Char* end,
-                                              Handler&& handler) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                       Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
   if (begin == end || *begin == '}') return begin;
   if (*begin != '%') FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
   auto ptr = begin;
-  pad_type pad = pad_type::unspecified;
   while (ptr != end) {
+    pad_type pad = pad_type::zero;
     auto c = *ptr;
     if (c == '}') break;
     if (c != '%') {
@@ -648,10 +724,6 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
       pad = pad_type::none;
       ++ptr;
       break;
-    case '0':
-      pad = pad_type::zero;
-      ++ptr;
-      break;
     }
     if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
     c = *ptr++;
@@ -711,22 +783,22 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
       break;
     // Day of the year/month:
     case 'U':
-      handler.on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard);
+      handler.on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard, pad);
       break;
     case 'W':
-      handler.on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard);
+      handler.on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard, pad);
       break;
     case 'V':
-      handler.on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard);
+      handler.on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard, pad);
       break;
     case 'j':
       handler.on_day_of_year();
       break;
     case 'd':
-      handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::standard);
+      handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::standard, pad);
       break;
     case 'e':
-      handler.on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system::standard);
+      handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::standard, pad_type::space);
       break;
     // Hour, minute, second:
     case 'H':
@@ -823,19 +895,19 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
         handler.on_dec_month(numeric_system::alternative);
         break;
       case 'U':
-        handler.on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative);
+        handler.on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative, pad);
         break;
       case 'W':
-        handler.on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative);
+        handler.on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative, pad);
         break;
       case 'V':
-        handler.on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative);
+        handler.on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative, pad);
         break;
       case 'd':
-        handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::alternative);
+        handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::alternative, pad);
         break;
       case 'e':
-        handler.on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system::alternative);
+        handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::alternative, pad_type::space);
         break;
       case 'w':
         handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
@@ -888,12 +960,19 @@ template <typename Derived> struct null_chrono_spec_handler {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_month() { unsupported(); }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_month() { unsupported(); }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec_month(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {
+    unsupported();
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {
+    unsupported();
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {
+    unsupported();
+  }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_year() { unsupported(); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month(numeric_system, pad_type) {
+    unsupported();
+  }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
@@ -931,12 +1010,11 @@ struct tm_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<tm_format_checker> {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_month() {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_month() {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec_month(numeric_system) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_year() {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month(numeric_system) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
@@ -954,25 +1032,25 @@ struct tm_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<tm_format_checker> {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_tz_name() {}
 };
 
-inline const char* tm_wday_full_name(int wday) {
+inline auto tm_wday_full_name(int wday) -> const char* {
   static constexpr const char* full_name_list[] = {
       "Sunday",   "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
       "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
   return wday >= 0 && wday <= 6 ? full_name_list[wday] : "?";
 }
-inline const char* tm_wday_short_name(int wday) {
+inline auto tm_wday_short_name(int wday) -> const char* {
   static constexpr const char* short_name_list[] = {"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed",
                                                     "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"};
   return wday >= 0 && wday <= 6 ? short_name_list[wday] : "???";
 }
 
-inline const char* tm_mon_full_name(int mon) {
+inline auto tm_mon_full_name(int mon) -> const char* {
   static constexpr const char* full_name_list[] = {
       "January", "February", "March",     "April",   "May",      "June",
       "July",    "August",   "September", "October", "November", "December"};
   return mon >= 0 && mon <= 11 ? full_name_list[mon] : "?";
 }
-inline const char* tm_mon_short_name(int mon) {
+inline auto tm_mon_short_name(int mon) -> const char* {
   static constexpr const char* short_name_list[] = {
       "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
       "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec",
@@ -1004,21 +1082,22 @@ inline void tzset_once() {
 
 // Converts value to Int and checks that it's in the range [0, upper).
 template <typename T, typename Int, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
-inline Int to_nonnegative_int(T value, Int upper) {
-  FMT_ASSERT(std::is_unsigned<Int>::value ||
-                 (value >= 0 && to_unsigned(value) <= to_unsigned(upper)),
-             "invalid value");
-  (void)upper;
+inline auto to_nonnegative_int(T value, Int upper) -> Int {
+  if (!std::is_unsigned<Int>::value &&
+      (value < 0 || to_unsigned(value) > to_unsigned(upper))) {
+    FMT_THROW(fmt::format_error("chrono value is out of range"));
+  }
   return static_cast<Int>(value);
 }
 template <typename T, typename Int, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
-inline Int to_nonnegative_int(T value, Int upper) {
-  if (value < 0 || value > static_cast<T>(upper))
+inline auto to_nonnegative_int(T value, Int upper) -> Int {
+  auto int_value = static_cast<Int>(value);
+  if (int_value < 0 || value > static_cast<T>(upper))
     FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid value"));
-  return static_cast<Int>(value);
+  return int_value;
 }
 
-constexpr long long pow10(std::uint32_t n) {
+constexpr auto pow10(std::uint32_t n) -> long long {
   return n == 0 ? 1 : 10 * pow10(n - 1);
 }
 
@@ -1052,13 +1131,12 @@ void write_fractional_seconds(OutputIt& out, Duration d, int precision = -1) {
                                 std::chrono::seconds::rep>::type,
       std::ratio<1, detail::pow10(num_fractional_digits)>>;
 
-  const auto fractional =
-      d - std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
+  const auto fractional = d - fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
   const auto subseconds =
       std::chrono::treat_as_floating_point<
           typename subsecond_precision::rep>::value
           ? fractional.count()
-          : std::chrono::duration_cast<subsecond_precision>(fractional).count();
+          : fmt_duration_cast<subsecond_precision>(fractional).count();
   auto n = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<long long>>(subseconds);
   const int num_digits = detail::count_digits(n);
 
@@ -1068,22 +1146,27 @@ void write_fractional_seconds(OutputIt& out, Duration d, int precision = -1) {
     if (std::ratio_less<typename subsecond_precision::period,
                         std::chrono::seconds::period>::value) {
       *out++ = '.';
-      out = std::fill_n(out, leading_zeroes, '0');
+      out = detail::fill_n(out, leading_zeroes, '0');
       out = format_decimal<Char>(out, n, num_digits).end;
     }
-  } else {
+  } else if (precision > 0) {
     *out++ = '.';
     leading_zeroes = (std::min)(leading_zeroes, precision);
-    out = std::fill_n(out, leading_zeroes, '0');
     int remaining = precision - leading_zeroes;
-    if (remaining != 0 && remaining < num_digits) {
-      n /= to_unsigned(detail::pow10(to_unsigned(num_digits - remaining)));
-      out = format_decimal<Char>(out, n, remaining).end;
+    out = detail::fill_n(out, leading_zeroes, '0');
+    if (remaining < num_digits) {
+      int num_truncated_digits = num_digits - remaining;
+      n /= to_unsigned(detail::pow10(to_unsigned(num_truncated_digits)));
+      if (n) {
+        out = format_decimal<Char>(out, n, remaining).end;
+      }
       return;
     }
-    out = format_decimal<Char>(out, n, num_digits).end;
-    remaining -= num_digits;
-    out = std::fill_n(out, remaining, '0');
+    if (n) {
+      out = format_decimal<Char>(out, n, num_digits).end;
+      remaining -= num_digits;
+    }
+    out = detail::fill_n(out, remaining, '0');
   }
 }
 
@@ -1109,11 +1192,11 @@ void write_floating_seconds(memory_buffer& buf, Duration duration,
       num_fractional_digits = 6;
   }
 
-  format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), FMT_STRING("{:.{}f}"),
-            std::fmod(val * static_cast<rep>(Duration::period::num) /
-                          static_cast<rep>(Duration::period::den),
-                      static_cast<rep>(60)),
-            num_fractional_digits);
+  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), FMT_STRING("{:.{}f}"),
+                 std::fmod(val * static_cast<rep>(Duration::period::num) /
+                               static_cast<rep>(Duration::period::den),
+                           static_cast<rep>(60)),
+                 num_fractional_digits);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char,
@@ -1174,8 +1257,7 @@ class tm_writer {
     return static_cast<int>(l);
   }
 
-  // Algorithm:
-  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_week_date#Calculating_the_week_number_from_a_month_and_day_of_the_month_or_ordinal_date
+  // Algorithm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_week_date.
   auto iso_year_weeks(long long curr_year) const noexcept -> int {
     const auto prev_year = curr_year - 1;
     const auto curr_p =
@@ -1235,7 +1317,8 @@ class tm_writer {
     }
     uint32_or_64_or_128_t<long long> n = to_unsigned(year);
     const int num_digits = count_digits(n);
-    if (width > num_digits) out_ = std::fill_n(out_, width - num_digits, '0');
+    if (width > num_digits)
+      out_ = detail::fill_n(out_, width - num_digits, '0');
     out_ = format_decimal<Char>(out_, n, num_digits).end;
   }
   void write_year(long long year) {
@@ -1315,10 +1398,10 @@ class tm_writer {
         subsecs_(subsecs),
         tm_(tm) {}
 
-  OutputIt out() const { return out_; }
+  auto out() const -> OutputIt { return out_; }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
-    out_ = copy_str<Char>(begin, end, out_);
+    out_ = copy<Char>(begin, end, out_);
   }
 
   void on_abbr_weekday() {
@@ -1365,7 +1448,7 @@ class tm_writer {
       *out_++ = ' ';
       on_abbr_month();
       *out_++ = ' ';
-      on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system::standard);
+      on_day_of_month(numeric_system::standard, pad_type::space);
       *out_++ = ' ';
       on_iso_time();
       *out_++ = ' ';
@@ -1391,7 +1474,7 @@ class tm_writer {
     write_digit2_separated(buf, to_unsigned(tm_mon() + 1),
                            to_unsigned(tm_mday()),
                            to_unsigned(split_year_lower(tm_year())), '/');
-    out_ = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
+    out_ = copy<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
   }
   void on_iso_date() {
     auto year = tm_year();
@@ -1407,7 +1490,7 @@ class tm_writer {
     write_digit2_separated(buf + 2, static_cast<unsigned>(year % 100),
                            to_unsigned(tm_mon() + 1), to_unsigned(tm_mday()),
                            '-');
-    out_ = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf) + offset, std::end(buf), out_);
+    out_ = copy<Char>(std::begin(buf) + offset, std::end(buf), out_);
   }
 
   void on_utc_offset(numeric_system ns) { format_utc_offset_impl(tm_, ns); }
@@ -1452,24 +1535,26 @@ class tm_writer {
     format_localized('m', 'O');
   }
 
-  void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system ns) {
+  void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system ns, pad_type pad) {
     if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
-      return write2((tm_yday() + days_per_week - tm_wday()) / days_per_week);
+      return write2((tm_yday() + days_per_week - tm_wday()) / days_per_week,
+                    pad);
     format_localized('U', 'O');
   }
-  void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system ns) {
+  void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system ns, pad_type pad) {
     if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard) {
       auto wday = tm_wday();
       write2((tm_yday() + days_per_week -
               (wday == 0 ? (days_per_week - 1) : (wday - 1))) /
-             days_per_week);
+                 days_per_week,
+             pad);
     } else {
       format_localized('W', 'O');
     }
   }
-  void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system ns) {
+  void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system ns, pad_type pad) {
     if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
-      return write2(tm_iso_week_of_year());
+      return write2(tm_iso_week_of_year(), pad);
     format_localized('V', 'O');
   }
 
@@ -1483,20 +1568,11 @@ class tm_writer {
     write1(yday / 100);
     write2(yday % 100);
   }
-  void on_day_of_month(numeric_system ns) {
-    if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard) return write2(tm_mday());
+  void on_day_of_month(numeric_system ns, pad_type pad) {
+    if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
+      return write2(tm_mday(), pad);
     format_localized('d', 'O');
   }
-  void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system ns) {
-    if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard) {
-      auto mday = to_unsigned(tm_mday()) % 100;
-      const char* d2 = digits2(mday);
-      *out_++ = mday < 10 ? ' ' : d2[0];
-      *out_++ = d2[1];
-    } else {
-      format_localized('e', 'O');
-    }
-  }
 
   void on_24_hour(numeric_system ns, pad_type pad) {
     if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
@@ -1540,7 +1616,7 @@ class tm_writer {
       char buf[8];
       write_digit2_separated(buf, to_unsigned(tm_hour12()),
                              to_unsigned(tm_min()), to_unsigned(tm_sec()), ':');
-      out_ = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
+      out_ = copy<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
       *out_++ = ' ';
       on_am_pm();
     } else {
@@ -1555,7 +1631,7 @@ class tm_writer {
   void on_iso_time() {
     on_24_hour_time();
     *out_++ = ':';
-    on_second(numeric_system::standard, pad_type::unspecified);
+    on_second(numeric_system::standard, pad_type::zero);
   }
 
   void on_am_pm() {
@@ -1579,6 +1655,7 @@ struct chrono_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<chrono_format_checker> {
 
   template <typename Char>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_year() {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
@@ -1597,16 +1674,16 @@ struct chrono_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<chrono_format_checker> {
 
 template <typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value&& has_isfinite<T>::value)>
-inline bool isfinite(T) {
+inline auto isfinite(T) -> bool {
   return true;
 }
 
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
-inline T mod(T x, int y) {
+inline auto mod(T x, int y) -> T {
   return x % static_cast<T>(y);
 }
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
-inline T mod(T x, int y) {
+inline auto mod(T x, int y) -> T {
   return std::fmod(x, static_cast<T>(y));
 }
 
@@ -1621,63 +1698,52 @@ template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged<T, true> {
   using type = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
 };
 
-#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
-// throwing version of safe_duration_cast
-template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod>
-To fmt_safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from) {
-  int ec;
-  To to = safe_duration_cast::safe_duration_cast<To>(from, ec);
-  if (ec) FMT_THROW(format_error("cannot format duration"));
-  return to;
-}
-#endif
-
 template <typename Rep, typename Period,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
-inline std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> get_milliseconds(
-    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d) {
+inline auto get_milliseconds(std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
+    -> std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> {
   // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
   // target type.
 #if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
   using CommonSecondsType =
       typename std::common_type<decltype(d), std::chrono::seconds>::type;
-  const auto d_as_common = fmt_safe_duration_cast<CommonSecondsType>(d);
+  const auto d_as_common = fmt_duration_cast<CommonSecondsType>(d);
   const auto d_as_whole_seconds =
-      fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d_as_common);
+      fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d_as_common);
   // this conversion should be nonproblematic
   const auto diff = d_as_common - d_as_whole_seconds;
   const auto ms =
-      fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>>(diff);
+      fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>>(diff);
   return ms;
 #else
-  auto s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
-  return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d - s);
+  auto s = fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
+  return fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d - s);
 #endif
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
-OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int) {
+auto format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int) -> OutputIt {
   return write<Char>(out, val);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)>
-OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int precision) {
-  auto specs = format_specs<Char>();
+auto format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int precision) -> OutputIt {
+  auto specs = format_specs();
   specs.precision = precision;
-  specs.type = precision >= 0 ? presentation_type::fixed_lower
-                              : presentation_type::general_lower;
+  specs.type =
+      precision >= 0 ? presentation_type::fixed : presentation_type::general;
   return write<Char>(out, val, specs);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, Char) {
+auto copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, Char) -> OutputIt {
   return std::copy(unit.begin(), unit.end(), out);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt>
-OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t) {
+auto copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t) -> OutputIt {
   // This works when wchar_t is UTF-32 because units only contain characters
   // that have the same representation in UTF-16 and UTF-32.
   utf8_to_utf16 u(unit);
@@ -1685,7 +1751,7 @@ OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t) {
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename Period, typename OutputIt>
-OutputIt format_duration_unit(OutputIt out) {
+auto format_duration_unit(OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
   if (const char* unit = get_units<Period>())
     return copy_unit(string_view(unit), out, Char());
   *out++ = '[';
@@ -1708,8 +1774,10 @@ class get_locale {
 
  public:
   get_locale(bool localized, locale_ref loc) : has_locale_(localized) {
+#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
     if (localized)
       ::new (&locale_) std::locale(loc.template get<std::locale>());
+#endif
   }
   ~get_locale() {
     if (has_locale_) locale_.~locale();
@@ -1752,18 +1820,12 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
 
     // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
     // target type.
-#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
     // might need checked conversion (rep!=Rep)
-    auto tmpval = std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val);
-    s = fmt_safe_duration_cast<seconds>(tmpval);
-#else
-    s = std::chrono::duration_cast<seconds>(
-        std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val));
-#endif
+    s = fmt_duration_cast<seconds>(std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val));
   }
 
   // returns true if nan or inf, writes to out.
-  bool handle_nan_inf() {
+  auto handle_nan_inf() -> bool {
     if (isfinite(val)) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -1780,17 +1842,22 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
     return true;
   }
 
-  Rep hour() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 24)); }
+  auto days() const -> Rep { return static_cast<Rep>(s.count() / 86400); }
+  auto hour() const -> Rep {
+    return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 24));
+  }
 
-  Rep hour12() const {
+  auto hour12() const -> Rep {
     Rep hour = static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 12));
     return hour <= 0 ? 12 : hour;
   }
 
-  Rep minute() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 60), 60)); }
-  Rep second() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod(s.count(), 60)); }
+  auto minute() const -> Rep {
+    return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 60), 60));
+  }
+  auto second() const -> Rep { return static_cast<Rep>(mod(s.count(), 60)); }
 
-  std::tm time() const {
+  auto time() const -> std::tm {
     auto time = std::tm();
     time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
     time.tm_min = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
@@ -1805,7 +1872,7 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
     }
   }
 
-  void write(Rep value, int width, pad_type pad = pad_type::unspecified) {
+  void write(Rep value, int width, pad_type pad = pad_type::zero) {
     write_sign();
     if (isnan(value)) return write_nan();
     uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int> n =
@@ -1855,12 +1922,15 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
   void on_iso_week_based_year() {}
   void on_iso_week_based_short_year() {}
   void on_dec_month(numeric_system) {}
-  void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system) {}
-  void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system) {}
-  void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system) {}
-  void on_day_of_year() {}
-  void on_day_of_month(numeric_system) {}
-  void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
+  void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
+  void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
+  void on_day_of_month(numeric_system, pad_type) {}
+
+  void on_day_of_year() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    write(days(), 0);
+  }
 
   void on_24_hour(numeric_system ns, pad_type pad) {
     if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
@@ -1935,7 +2005,7 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
     on_24_hour_time();
     *out++ = ':';
     if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
-    on_second(numeric_system::standard, pad_type::unspecified);
+    on_second(numeric_system::standard, pad_type::zero);
   }
 
   void on_am_pm() {
@@ -1958,53 +2028,215 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
 
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_chrono) && __cpp_lib_chrono >= 201907
 using weekday = std::chrono::weekday;
+using day = std::chrono::day;
+using month = std::chrono::month;
+using year = std::chrono::year;
+using year_month_day = std::chrono::year_month_day;
 #else
 // A fallback version of weekday.
 class weekday {
  private:
-  unsigned char value;
+  unsigned char value_;
 
  public:
   weekday() = default;
-  explicit constexpr weekday(unsigned wd) noexcept
-      : value(static_cast<unsigned char>(wd != 7 ? wd : 0)) {}
-  constexpr unsigned c_encoding() const noexcept { return value; }
+  constexpr explicit weekday(unsigned wd) noexcept
+      : value_(static_cast<unsigned char>(wd != 7 ? wd : 0)) {}
+  constexpr auto c_encoding() const noexcept -> unsigned { return value_; }
 };
 
-class year_month_day {};
+class day {
+ private:
+  unsigned char value_;
+
+ public:
+  day() = default;
+  constexpr explicit day(unsigned d) noexcept
+      : value_(static_cast<unsigned char>(d)) {}
+  constexpr explicit operator unsigned() const noexcept { return value_; }
+};
+
+class month {
+ private:
+  unsigned char value_;
+
+ public:
+  month() = default;
+  constexpr explicit month(unsigned m) noexcept
+      : value_(static_cast<unsigned char>(m)) {}
+  constexpr explicit operator unsigned() const noexcept { return value_; }
+};
+
+class year {
+ private:
+  int value_;
+
+ public:
+  year() = default;
+  constexpr explicit year(int y) noexcept : value_(y) {}
+  constexpr explicit operator int() const noexcept { return value_; }
+};
+
+class year_month_day {
+ private:
+  fmt::year year_;
+  fmt::month month_;
+  fmt::day day_;
+
+ public:
+  year_month_day() = default;
+  constexpr year_month_day(const year& y, const month& m, const day& d) noexcept
+      : year_(y), month_(m), day_(d) {}
+  constexpr auto year() const noexcept -> fmt::year { return year_; }
+  constexpr auto month() const noexcept -> fmt::month { return month_; }
+  constexpr auto day() const noexcept -> fmt::day { return day_; }
+};
 #endif
 
-// A rudimentary weekday formatter.
-template <typename Char> struct formatter<weekday, Char> {
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<weekday, Char> : private formatter<std::tm, Char> {
  private:
-  bool localized = false;
+  bool localized_ = false;
+  bool use_tm_formatter_ = false;
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
       -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
-    if (begin != end && *begin == 'L') {
-      ++begin;
-      localized = true;
+    auto it = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (it != end && *it == 'L') {
+      ++it;
+      localized_ = true;
+      return it;
     }
-    return begin;
+    use_tm_formatter_ = it != end && *it != '}';
+    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : it;
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(weekday wd, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto time = std::tm();
     time.tm_wday = static_cast<int>(wd.c_encoding());
-    detail::get_locale loc(localized, ctx.locale());
+    if (use_tm_formatter_) return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
     auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
     w.on_abbr_weekday();
     return w.out();
   }
 };
 
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<day, Char> : private formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+ private:
+  bool use_tm_formatter_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    use_tm_formatter_ = it != end && *it != '}';
+    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(day d, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_mday = static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned>(d));
+    if (use_tm_formatter_) return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+    detail::get_locale loc(false, ctx.locale());
+    auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
+    w.on_day_of_month(detail::numeric_system::standard, detail::pad_type::zero);
+    return w.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<month, Char> : private formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+ private:
+  bool localized_ = false;
+  bool use_tm_formatter_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (it != end && *it == 'L') {
+      ++it;
+      localized_ = true;
+      return it;
+    }
+    use_tm_formatter_ = it != end && *it != '}';
+    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(month m, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_mon = static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned>(m)) - 1;
+    if (use_tm_formatter_) return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+    detail::get_locale loc(localized_, ctx.locale());
+    auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
+    w.on_abbr_month();
+    return w.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<year, Char> : private formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+ private:
+  bool use_tm_formatter_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    use_tm_formatter_ = it != end && *it != '}';
+    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(year y, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_year = static_cast<int>(y) - 1900;
+    if (use_tm_formatter_) return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+    detail::get_locale loc(false, ctx.locale());
+    auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
+    w.on_year(detail::numeric_system::standard);
+    return w.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<year_month_day, Char> : private formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+ private:
+  bool use_tm_formatter_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    use_tm_formatter_ = it != end && *it != '}';
+    return use_tm_formatter_ ? formatter<std::tm, Char>::parse(ctx) : it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(year_month_day val, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_year = static_cast<int>(val.year()) - 1900;
+    time.tm_mon = static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned>(val.month())) - 1;
+    time.tm_mday = static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned>(val.day()));
+    if (use_tm_formatter_) return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+    detail::get_locale loc(true, ctx.locale());
+    auto w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
+    w.on_iso_date();
+    return w.out();
+  }
+};
+
 template <typename Rep, typename Period, typename Char>
 struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
  private:
-  format_specs<Char> specs_;
+  format_specs specs_;
   detail::arg_ref<Char> width_ref_;
   detail::arg_ref<Char> precision_ref_;
   bool localized_ = false;
@@ -2078,30 +2310,26 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>,
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> val,
               FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    std::tm tm = gmtime(val);
     using period = typename Duration::period;
     if (detail::const_check(
-            period::num != 1 || period::den != 1 ||
-            std::is_floating_point<typename Duration::rep>::value)) {
-      const auto epoch = val.time_since_epoch();
-      auto subsecs = std::chrono::duration_cast<Duration>(
-          epoch - std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(epoch));
-
-      if (subsecs.count() < 0) {
-        auto second =
-            std::chrono::duration_cast<Duration>(std::chrono::seconds(1));
-        if (epoch.count() < ((Duration::min)() + second).count())
-          FMT_THROW(format_error("duration is too small"));
-        subsecs += second;
-        val -= second;
-      }
-
-      return formatter<std::tm, Char>::do_format(
-          gmtime(std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(val)), ctx,
-          &subsecs);
+            period::num == 1 && period::den == 1 &&
+            !std::is_floating_point<typename Duration::rep>::value)) {
+      return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(tm, ctx);
     }
-
-    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(
-        gmtime(std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(val)), ctx);
+    Duration epoch = val.time_since_epoch();
+    Duration subsecs = detail::fmt_duration_cast<Duration>(
+        epoch - detail::fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(epoch));
+    if (subsecs.count() < 0) {
+      auto second =
+          detail::fmt_duration_cast<Duration>(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+      if (tm.tm_sec != 0)
+        --tm.tm_sec;
+      else
+        tm = gmtime(val - second);
+      subsecs += detail::fmt_duration_cast<Duration>(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+    }
+    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::do_format(tm, ctx, &subsecs);
   }
 };
 
@@ -2120,17 +2348,13 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::local_time<Duration>, Char>
     if (period::num != 1 || period::den != 1 ||
         std::is_floating_point<typename Duration::rep>::value) {
       const auto epoch = val.time_since_epoch();
-      const auto subsecs = std::chrono::duration_cast<Duration>(
-          epoch - std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(epoch));
+      const auto subsecs = detail::fmt_duration_cast<Duration>(
+          epoch - detail::fmt_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(epoch));
 
-      return formatter<std::tm, Char>::do_format(
-          localtime(std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(val)),
-          ctx, &subsecs);
+      return formatter<std::tm, Char>::do_format(localtime(val), ctx, &subsecs);
     }
 
-    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(
-        localtime(std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(val)),
-        ctx);
+    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(localtime(val), ctx);
   }
 };
 #endif
@@ -2153,7 +2377,7 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::utc_clock, Duration>,
 
 template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
  private:
-  format_specs<Char> specs_;
+  format_specs specs_;
   detail::arg_ref<Char> width_ref_;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/color.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/color.h
index 8697e1ca0..f0e9dd94e 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/color.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/color.h
@@ -227,19 +227,19 @@ struct color_type {
 };
 }  // namespace detail
 
-/** A text style consisting of foreground and background colors and emphasis. */
+/// A text style consisting of foreground and background colors and emphasis.
 class text_style {
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(emphasis em = emphasis()) noexcept
       : set_foreground_color(), set_background_color(), ems(em) {}
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& operator|=(const text_style& rhs) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator|=(const text_style& rhs) -> text_style& {
     if (!set_foreground_color) {
       set_foreground_color = rhs.set_foreground_color;
       foreground_color = rhs.foreground_color;
     } else if (rhs.set_foreground_color) {
       if (!foreground_color.is_rgb || !rhs.foreground_color.is_rgb)
-        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+        report_error("can't OR a terminal color");
       foreground_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.foreground_color.value.rgb_color;
     }
 
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class text_style {
       background_color = rhs.background_color;
     } else if (rhs.set_background_color) {
       if (!background_color.is_rgb || !rhs.background_color.is_rgb)
-        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+        report_error("can't OR a terminal color");
       background_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.background_color.value.rgb_color;
     }
 
@@ -257,29 +257,29 @@ class text_style {
     return *this;
   }
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator|(text_style lhs,
-                                            const text_style& rhs) {
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator|(text_style lhs, const text_style& rhs)
+      -> text_style {
     return lhs |= rhs;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_foreground() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_foreground() const noexcept -> bool {
     return set_foreground_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_background() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_background() const noexcept -> bool {
     return set_background_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_emphasis() const noexcept -> bool {
     return static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) != 0;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_foreground() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_foreground() const noexcept -> detail::color_type {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_foreground(), "no foreground specified for this style");
     return foreground_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_background() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_background() const noexcept -> detail::color_type {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_background(), "no background specified for this style");
     return background_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR emphasis get_emphasis() const noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_emphasis() const noexcept -> emphasis {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_emphasis(), "no emphasis specified for this style");
     return ems;
   }
@@ -297,9 +297,11 @@ class text_style {
     }
   }
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept;
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept
+      -> text_style;
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept;
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept
+      -> text_style;
 
   detail::color_type foreground_color;
   detail::color_type background_color;
@@ -308,17 +310,20 @@ class text_style {
   emphasis ems;
 };
 
-/** Creates a text style from the foreground (text) color. */
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept {
+/// Creates a text style from the foreground (text) color.
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto fg(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept
+    -> text_style {
   return text_style(true, foreground);
 }
 
-/** Creates a text style from the background color. */
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept {
+/// Creates a text style from the background color.
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto bg(detail::color_type background) noexcept
+    -> text_style {
   return text_style(false, background);
 }
 
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style operator|(emphasis lhs, emphasis rhs) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto operator|(emphasis lhs, emphasis rhs) noexcept
+    -> text_style {
   return text_style(lhs) | rhs;
 }
 
@@ -384,9 +389,9 @@ template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
   }
   FMT_CONSTEXPR operator const Char*() const noexcept { return buffer; }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* begin() const noexcept { return buffer; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS const Char* end() const noexcept {
-    return buffer + std::char_traits<Char>::length(buffer);
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto begin() const noexcept -> const Char* { return buffer; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto end() const noexcept -> const Char* {
+    return buffer + basic_string_view<Char>(buffer).size();
   }
 
  private:
@@ -400,25 +405,27 @@ template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
     out[2] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c % 10);
     out[3] = static_cast<Char>(delimiter);
   }
-  static FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis(emphasis em, emphasis mask) noexcept {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR auto has_emphasis(emphasis em, emphasis mask) noexcept
+      -> bool {
     return static_cast<uint8_t>(em) & static_cast<uint8_t>(mask);
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_foreground_color(
-    detail::color_type foreground) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_foreground_color(detail::color_type foreground) noexcept
+    -> ansi_color_escape<Char> {
   return ansi_color_escape<Char>(foreground, "\x1b[38;2;");
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_background_color(
-    detail::color_type background) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_background_color(detail::color_type background) noexcept
+    -> ansi_color_escape<Char> {
   return ansi_color_escape<Char>(background, "\x1b[48;2;");
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_emphasis(emphasis em) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_emphasis(emphasis em) noexcept
+    -> ansi_color_escape<Char> {
   return ansi_color_escape<Char>(em);
 }
 
@@ -427,15 +434,16 @@ template <typename Char> inline void reset_color(buffer<Char>& buffer) {
   buffer.append(reset_color.begin(), reset_color.end());
 }
 
-template <typename T> struct styled_arg {
+template <typename T> struct styled_arg : detail::view {
   const T& value;
   text_style style;
+  styled_arg(const T& v, text_style s) : value(v), style(s) {}
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
-                basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+void vformat_to(
+    buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffered_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   bool has_style = false;
   if (ts.has_emphasis()) {
     has_style = true;
@@ -458,118 +466,92 @@ void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
 
 }  // namespace detail
 
-inline void vprint(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
+inline void vprint(FILE* f, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
                    format_args args) {
-  // Legacy wide streams are not supported.
   auto buf = memory_buffer();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
-  if (detail::is_utf8()) {
-    detail::print(f, string_view(buf.begin(), buf.size()));
-    return;
-  }
-  buf.push_back('\0');
-  int result = std::fputs(buf.data(), f);
-  if (result < 0)
-    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot write to file")));
+  print(f, FMT_STRING("{}"), string_view(buf.begin(), buf.size()));
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Formats a string and prints it to the specified file stream using ANSI
-  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
+ * Formats a string and prints it to the specified file stream using ANSI
+ * escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+ *                "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
  */
-template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
-void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
-           const Args&... args) {
-  vprint(f, ts, format_str,
-         fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<char_t<S>>>(args...));
+template <typename... T>
+void print(FILE* f, const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt,
+           T&&... args) {
+  vprint(f, ts, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
-  specify text formatting.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
+ * Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
+ * specify text formatting.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+ *                "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
  */
-template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
-void print(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
-  return print(stdout, ts, format_str, args...);
+template <typename... T>
+void print(const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  return print(stdout, ts, fmt, std::forward<T>(args)...);
 }
 
-template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
-inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
-    const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
-  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args);
+inline auto vformat(const text_style& ts, string_view fmt, format_args args)
+    -> std::string {
+  auto buf = memory_buffer();
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
   return fmt::to_string(buf);
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string using ANSI
-  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    #include <fmt/color.h>
-    std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
-                                      "The answer is {}", 42);
-  \endrst
-*/
-template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
-inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
-                                      const Args&... args) {
-  return fmt::vformat(ts, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                      fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+ * Formats arguments and returns the result as a string using ANSI escape
+ * sequences to specify text formatting.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * #include <fmt/color.h>
+ * std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+ *                                   "The answer is {}", 42);
+ * ```
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+inline auto format(const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> std::string {
+  return fmt::vformat(ts, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
 }
 
-/**
-  Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to ``out``.
- */
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value)>
-OutputIt vformat_to(
-    OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
-  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, format_str, args);
+/// Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to `out`.
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
+                format_args args) -> OutputIt {
+  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<char>(out);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Formats arguments with the given text_style, writes the result to the output
-  iterator ``out`` and returns the iterator past the end of the output range.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    std::vector<char> out;
-    fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
-                   fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red), "{}", 42);
-  \endrst
-*/
-template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
-          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value&&
-              detail::is_string<S>::value>
-inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
-                      Args&&... args) ->
-    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
-  return vformat_to(out, ts, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                    fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<char_t<S>>>(args...));
+ * Formats arguments with the given text style, writes the result to the output
+ * iterator `out` and returns the iterator past the end of the output range.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     std::vector<char> out;
+ *     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
+ *                    fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red), "{}", 42);
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts,
+                      format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
+  return vformat_to(out, ts, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename Char>
@@ -609,16 +591,14 @@ struct formatter<detail::styled_arg<T>, Char> : formatter<T, Char> {
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Returns an argument that will be formatted using ANSI escape sequences,
-  to be used in a formatting function.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds",
-               fmt::styled(1.23, fmt::fg(fmt::color::green) |
-                                 fmt::bg(fmt::color::blue)));
-  \endrst
+ * Returns an argument that will be formatted using ANSI escape sequences,
+ * to be used in a formatting function.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds",
+ *                fmt::styled(1.23, fmt::fg(fmt::color::green) |
+ *                                  fmt::bg(fmt::color::blue)));
  */
 template <typename T>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto styled(const T& value, text_style ts)
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h
index a4c7e4956..b2afc2c30 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h
@@ -8,39 +8,41 @@
 #ifndef FMT_COMPILE_H_
 #define FMT_COMPILE_H_
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <iterator>  // std::back_inserter
+#endif
+
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace detail {
-
-template <typename Char, typename InputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline counting_iterator copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
-                                                counting_iterator it) {
-  return it + (end - begin);
-}
 
 // A compile-time string which is compiled into fast formatting code.
-class compiled_string {};
+FMT_EXPORT class compiled_string {};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T, typename InputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto copy(InputIt begin, InputIt end, counting_iterator it)
+    -> counting_iterator {
+  return it + (end - begin);
+}
 
 template <typename S>
 struct is_compiled_string : std::is_base_of<compiled_string, S> {};
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Converts a string literal *s* into a format string that will be parsed at
-  compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
-  ``constexpr if`` compiler support.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
-    // runtime format string processing.
-    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
-  \endrst
+ * Converts a string literal `s` into a format string that will be parsed at
+ * compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
+ * `constexpr if` compiler support.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
+ *     // runtime format string processing.
+ *     std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
  */
 #if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr) && defined(__cpp_return_type_deduction)
-#  define FMT_COMPILE(s) \
-    FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::detail::compiled_string, explicit)
+#  define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::compiled_string, explicit)
 #else
 #  define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING(s)
 #endif
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ struct udl_compiled_string : compiled_string {
 #endif
 
 template <typename T, typename... Tail>
-const T& first(const T& value, const Tail&...) {
+auto first(const T& value, const Tail&...) -> const T& {
   return value;
 }
 
@@ -144,9 +146,9 @@ template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct field {
   template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
   constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
     const T& arg = get_arg_checked<T, N>(args...);
-    if constexpr (std::is_convertible_v<T, basic_string_view<Char>>) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_convertible<T, basic_string_view<Char>>::value) {
       auto s = basic_string_view<Char>(arg);
-      return copy_str<Char>(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
+      return copy<Char>(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
     }
     return write<Char>(out, arg);
   }
@@ -236,13 +238,12 @@ constexpr size_t parse_text(basic_string_view<Char> str, size_t pos) {
 }
 
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
-constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str);
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S fmt);
 
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename T, typename S>
-constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S format_str) {
-  if constexpr (POS !=
-                basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str).size()) {
-    constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(format_str);
+constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S fmt) {
+  if constexpr (POS != basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(fmt).size()) {
+    constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(fmt);
     if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(tail)>,
                                unknown_format>())
       return tail;
@@ -313,14 +314,13 @@ struct field_type<T, enable_if_t<detail::is_named_arg<T>::value>> {
 
 template <typename T, typename Args, size_t END_POS, int ARG_INDEX, int NEXT_ID,
           typename S>
-constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
+constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S fmt) {
   using char_type = typename S::char_type;
-  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(format_str);
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(fmt);
   constexpr char_type c = END_POS != str.size() ? str[END_POS] : char_type();
   if constexpr (c == '}') {
     return parse_tail<Args, END_POS + 1, NEXT_ID>(
-        field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>(),
-        format_str);
+        field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>(), fmt);
   } else if constexpr (c != ':') {
     FMT_THROW(format_error("expected ':'"));
   } else {
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
       return parse_tail<Args, result.end + 1, result.next_arg_id>(
           spec_field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>{
               result.fmt},
-          format_str);
+          fmt);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -341,22 +341,21 @@ constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
 // Compiles a non-empty format string and returns the compiled representation
 // or unknown_format() on unrecognized input.
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
-constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S fmt) {
   using char_type = typename S::char_type;
-  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(format_str);
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(fmt);
   if constexpr (str[POS] == '{') {
     if constexpr (POS + 1 == str.size())
       FMT_THROW(format_error("unmatched '{' in format string"));
     if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '{') {
-      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), fmt);
     } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '}' || str[POS + 1] == ':') {
       static_assert(ID != manual_indexing_id,
                     "cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
       constexpr auto next_id =
           ID != manual_indexing_id ? ID + 1 : manual_indexing_id;
       return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<get_type<ID, Args>, Args,
-                                               POS + 1, ID, next_id>(
-          format_str);
+                                               POS + 1, ID, next_id>(fmt);
     } else {
       constexpr auto arg_id_result =
           parse_arg_id<ID>(str.data() + POS + 1, str.data() + str.size());
@@ -372,7 +371,7 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
         return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<get_type<arg_index, Args>,
                                                  Args, arg_id_end_pos,
                                                  arg_index, manual_indexing_id>(
-            format_str);
+            fmt);
       } else if constexpr (arg_id_result.arg_id.kind == arg_id_kind::name) {
         constexpr auto arg_index =
             get_arg_index_by_name(arg_id_result.arg_id.val.name, Args{});
@@ -381,11 +380,11 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
               ID != manual_indexing_id ? ID + 1 : manual_indexing_id;
           return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<
               decltype(get_type<arg_index, Args>::value), Args, arg_id_end_pos,
-              arg_index, next_id>(format_str);
+              arg_index, next_id>(fmt);
         } else if constexpr (c == '}') {
           return parse_tail<Args, arg_id_end_pos + 1, ID>(
               runtime_named_field<char_type>{arg_id_result.arg_id.val.name},
-              format_str);
+              fmt);
         } else if constexpr (c == ':') {
           return unknown_format();  // no type info for specs parsing
         }
@@ -394,29 +393,26 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
   } else if constexpr (str[POS] == '}') {
     if constexpr (POS + 1 == str.size())
       FMT_THROW(format_error("unmatched '}' in format string"));
-    return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+    return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), fmt);
   } else {
     constexpr auto end = parse_text(str, POS + 1);
     if constexpr (end - POS > 1) {
-      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(make_text(str, POS, end - POS),
-                                       format_str);
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(make_text(str, POS, end - POS), fmt);
     } else {
-      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(code_unit<char_type>{str[POS]},
-                                       format_str);
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(code_unit<char_type>{str[POS]}, fmt);
     }
   }
 }
 
 template <typename... Args, typename S,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-constexpr auto compile(S format_str) {
-  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str);
+constexpr auto compile(S fmt) {
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(fmt);
   if constexpr (str.size() == 0) {
     return detail::make_text(str, 0, 0);
   } else {
     constexpr auto result =
-        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(
-            format_str);
+        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(fmt);
     return result;
   }
 }
@@ -488,34 +484,33 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const S&, Args&&... args) {
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-format_to_n_result<OutputIt> format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n,
-                                         const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S& fmt, Args&&... args)
+    -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
   using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
   auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, traits>(out, n);
-  format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), format_str, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
   return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 size_t formatted_size(const S& format_str,
-                                      const Args&... args) {
-  return fmt::format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), format_str, args...)
-      .count();
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto formatted_size(const S& fmt, const Args&... args)
+    -> size_t {
+  return fmt::format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), fmt, args...).count();
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-void print(std::FILE* f, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+void print(std::FILE* f, const S& fmt, const Args&... args) {
   memory_buffer buffer;
-  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buffer), format_str, args...);
+  fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buffer), fmt, args...);
   detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
-void print(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
-  print(stdout, format_str, args...);
+void print(const S& fmt, const Args&... args) {
+  print(stdout, fmt, args...);
 }
 
 #if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/core.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/core.h
index f9e3b7d6d..8ca735f0c 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/core.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/core.h
@@ -1,2922 +1,5 @@
-// Formatting library for C++ - the core API for char/UTF-8
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
-// All rights reserved.
-//
-// For the license information refer to format.h.
+// This file is only provided for compatibility and may be removed in future
+// versions. Use fmt/base.h if you don't need fmt::format and fmt/format.h
+// otherwise.
 
-#ifndef FMT_CORE_H_
-#define FMT_CORE_H_
-
-#include <cstddef>  // std::byte
-#include <cstdio>   // std::FILE
-#include <cstring>  // std::strlen
-#include <iterator>
-#include <limits>
-#include <memory>  // std::addressof
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-// The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch.
-#define FMT_VERSION 100101
-
-#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
-#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION (__clang_major__ * 100 + __clang_minor__)
-#else
-#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION 0
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && \
-    !defined(__NVCOMPILER)
-#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__)
-#else
-#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION 0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_GCC_PRAGMA
-// Workaround _Pragma bug https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59884.
-#  if FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 504
-#    define FMT_GCC_PRAGMA(arg) _Pragma(arg)
-#  else
-#    define FMT_GCC_PRAGMA(arg)
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __ICL
-#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __ICL
-#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
-#else
-#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  define FMT_MSC_VERSION _MSC_VER
-#  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...) __pragma(warning(__VA_ARGS__))
-#else
-#  define FMT_MSC_VERSION 0
-#  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSVC_LANG
-#  define FMT_CPLUSPLUS _MSVC_LANG
-#else
-#  define FMT_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __has_feature
-#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) __has_feature(x)
-#else
-#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) 0
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__has_include) || FMT_ICC_VERSION >= 1600 || FMT_MSC_VERSION > 1900
-#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) __has_include(x)
-#else
-#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __has_cpp_attribute
-#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) __has_cpp_attribute(x)
-#else
-#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) 0
-#endif
-
-#define FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
-  (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
-
-#define FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
-  (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
-
-// Check if relaxed C++14 constexpr is supported.
-// GCC doesn't allow throw in constexpr until version 6 (bug 67371).
-#ifndef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
-#  if (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_relaxed_constexpr) || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1912 || \
-       (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 600 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L)) &&             \
-      !FMT_ICC_VERSION && (!defined(__NVCC__) || FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L)
-#    define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 1
-#  else
-#    define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR 0
-#  endif
-#endif
-#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR constexpr
-#else
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR
-#endif
-
-#if ((FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L) &&                            \
-     (!defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) || _GLIBCXX_RELEASE > 9)) || \
-    (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201709L && FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1002)
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20 constexpr
-#else
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20
-#endif
-
-// Check if constexpr std::char_traits<>::{compare,length} are supported.
-#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
-#  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && \
-      _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 7  // GCC 7+ libstdc++ has _GLIBCXX_RELEASE.
-#    define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS constexpr
-#  endif
-#elif defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L && \
-    _LIBCPP_VERSION >= 4000
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS constexpr
-#elif FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1914 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS constexpr
-#endif
-#ifndef FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS
-#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS
-#endif
-
-// Check if exceptions are disabled.
-#ifndef FMT_EXCEPTIONS
-#  if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)) || \
-      (FMT_MSC_VERSION && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS)
-#    define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 0
-#  else
-#    define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 1
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-// Disable [[noreturn]] on MSVC/NVCC because of bogus unreachable code warnings.
-#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) && !FMT_MSC_VERSION && \
-    !defined(__NVCC__)
-#  define FMT_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
-#else
-#  define FMT_NORETURN
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_NODISCARD
-#  if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard)
-#    define FMT_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
-#  else
-#    define FMT_NODISCARD
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_INLINE
-#  if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
-#    define FMT_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
-#  else
-#    define FMT_INLINE inline
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  define FMT_UNCHECKED_ITERATOR(It) \
-    using _Unchecked_type = It  // Mark iterator as checked.
-#else
-#  define FMT_UNCHECKED_ITERATOR(It) using unchecked_type = It
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-#  define FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE \
-    namespace fmt {           \
-    inline namespace v10 {
-#  define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
-    }                       \
-    }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_EXPORT
-#  define FMT_EXPORT
-#  define FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
-#  define FMT_END_EXPORT
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY) && defined(_WIN32)
-#  ifdef FMT_LIB_EXPORT
-#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllexport)
-#  elif defined(FMT_SHARED)
-#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllimport)
-#  endif
-#else
-#  if defined(FMT_LIB_EXPORT) || defined(FMT_SHARED)
-#    if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
-#      define FMT_API __attribute__((visibility("default")))
-#    endif
-#  endif
-#endif
-#ifndef FMT_API
-#  define FMT_API
-#endif
-
-// libc++ supports string_view in pre-c++17.
-#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<string_view>) && \
-    (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION))
-#  include <string_view>
-#  define FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW
-#elif FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("experimental/string_view") && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L
-#  include <experimental/string_view>
-#  define FMT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_STRING_VIEW
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_UNICODE
-#  define FMT_UNICODE !FMT_MSC_VERSION
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_CONSTEVAL
-#  if ((FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1000 || FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1101) && \
-       (!defined(__apple_build_version__) ||                     \
-        __apple_build_version__ >= 14000029L) &&                 \
-       FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L) ||                              \
-      (defined(__cpp_consteval) &&                               \
-       (!FMT_MSC_VERSION || _MSC_FULL_VER >= 193030704))
-// consteval is broken in MSVC before VS2022 and Apple clang before 14.
-#    define FMT_CONSTEVAL consteval
-#    define FMT_HAS_CONSTEVAL
-#  else
-#    define FMT_CONSTEVAL
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-#  if defined(__cpp_nontype_template_args) &&                  \
-      ((FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 903 && FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201709L) || \
-       __cpp_nontype_template_args >= 201911L) &&              \
-      !defined(__NVCOMPILER) && !defined(__LCC__)
-#    define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 1
-#  else
-#    define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS 0
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-// Enable minimal optimizations for more compact code in debug mode.
-FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC push_options")
-#if !defined(__OPTIMIZE__) && !defined(__NVCOMPILER) && !defined(__LCC__) && \
-    !defined(__CUDACC__)
-FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC optimize(\"Og\")")
-#endif
-
-FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-
-// Implementations of enable_if_t and other metafunctions for older systems.
-template <bool B, typename T = void>
-using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
-template <bool B, typename T, typename F>
-using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
-template <bool B> using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
-template <typename T>
-using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
-template <typename T>
-using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
-template <typename T>
-using remove_cvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<remove_reference_t<T>>::type;
-template <typename T> struct type_identity { using type = T; };
-template <typename T> using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<T>::type;
-template <typename T>
-using underlying_t = typename std::underlying_type<T>::type;
-
-// Checks whether T is a container with contiguous storage.
-template <typename T> struct is_contiguous : std::false_type {};
-template <typename Char>
-struct is_contiguous<std::basic_string<Char>> : std::true_type {};
-
-struct monostate {
-  constexpr monostate() {}
-};
-
-// An enable_if helper to be used in template parameters which results in much
-// shorter symbols: https://godbolt.org/z/sWw4vP. Extra parentheses are needed
-// to workaround a bug in MSVC 2019 (see #1140 and #1186).
-#ifdef FMT_DOC
-#  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...)
-#else
-#  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...) fmt::enable_if_t<(__VA_ARGS__), int> = 0
-#endif
-
-// This is defined in core.h instead of format.h to avoid injecting in std.
-// It is a template to avoid undesirable implicit conversions to std::byte.
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_byte
-template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, std::byte>::value)>
-inline auto format_as(T b) -> unsigned char {
-  return static_cast<unsigned char>(b);
-}
-#endif
-
-namespace detail {
-// Suppresses "unused variable" warnings with the method described in
-// https://herbsutter.com/2009/10/18/mailbag-shutting-up-compiler-warnings/.
-// (void)var does not work on many Intel compilers.
-template <typename... T> FMT_CONSTEXPR void ignore_unused(const T&...) {}
-
-constexpr FMT_INLINE auto is_constant_evaluated(
-    bool default_value = false) noexcept -> bool {
-// Workaround for incompatibility between libstdc++ consteval-based
-// std::is_constant_evaluated() implementation and clang-14.
-// https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/3247
-#if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && \
-    _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 12 &&                                \
-    (FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 1400 && FMT_CLANG_VERSION < 1500)
-  ignore_unused(default_value);
-  return __builtin_is_constant_evaluated();
-#elif defined(__cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated)
-  ignore_unused(default_value);
-  return std::is_constant_evaluated();
-#else
-  return default_value;
-#endif
-}
-
-// Suppresses "conditional expression is constant" warnings.
-template <typename T> constexpr FMT_INLINE auto const_check(T value) -> T {
-  return value;
-}
-
-FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void assert_fail(const char* file, int line,
-                                      const char* message);
-
-#ifndef FMT_ASSERT
-#  ifdef NDEBUG
-// FMT_ASSERT is not empty to avoid -Wempty-body.
-#    define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message) \
-      fmt::detail::ignore_unused((condition), (message))
-#  else
-#    define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message)                                    \
-      ((condition) /* void() fails with -Winvalid-constexpr on clang 4.0.1 */ \
-           ? (void)0                                                          \
-           : fmt::detail::assert_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, (message)))
-#  endif
-#endif
-
-#if defined(FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW)
-template <typename Char> using std_string_view = std::basic_string_view<Char>;
-#elif defined(FMT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_STRING_VIEW)
-template <typename Char>
-using std_string_view = std::experimental::basic_string_view<Char>;
-#else
-template <typename T> struct std_string_view {};
-#endif
-
-#ifdef FMT_USE_INT128
-// Do nothing.
-#elif defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__NVCC__) && \
-    !(FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VERSION)
-#  define FMT_USE_INT128 1
-using int128_opt = __int128_t;  // An optional native 128-bit integer.
-using uint128_opt = __uint128_t;
-template <typename T> inline auto convert_for_visit(T value) -> T {
-  return value;
-}
-#else
-#  define FMT_USE_INT128 0
-#endif
-#if !FMT_USE_INT128
-enum class int128_opt {};
-enum class uint128_opt {};
-// Reduce template instantiations.
-template <typename T> auto convert_for_visit(T) -> monostate { return {}; }
-#endif
-
-// Casts a nonnegative integer to unsigned.
-template <typename Int>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto to_unsigned(Int value) ->
-    typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type {
-  FMT_ASSERT(std::is_unsigned<Int>::value || value >= 0, "negative value");
-  return static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type>(value);
-}
-
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto is_utf8() -> bool {
-  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 4566) constexpr unsigned char section[] = "\u00A7";
-
-  // Avoid buggy sign extensions in MSVC's constant evaluation mode (#2297).
-  using uchar = unsigned char;
-  return FMT_UNICODE || (sizeof(section) == 3 && uchar(section[0]) == 0xC2 &&
-                         uchar(section[1]) == 0xA7);
-}
-}  // namespace detail
-
-/**
-  An implementation of ``std::basic_string_view`` for pre-C++17. It provides a
-  subset of the API. ``fmt::basic_string_view`` is used for format strings even
-  if ``std::string_view`` is available to prevent issues when a library is
-  compiled with a different ``-std`` option than the client code (which is not
-  recommended).
- */
-FMT_EXPORT
-template <typename Char> class basic_string_view {
- private:
-  const Char* data_;
-  size_t size_;
-
- public:
-  using value_type = Char;
-  using iterator = const Char*;
-
-  constexpr basic_string_view() noexcept : data_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
-
-  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string and a size. */
-  constexpr basic_string_view(const Char* s, size_t count) noexcept
-      : data_(s), size_(count) {}
-
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Constructs a string reference object from a C string computing
-    the size with ``std::char_traits<Char>::length``.
-    \endrst
-   */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS
-  FMT_INLINE
-  basic_string_view(const Char* s)
-      : data_(s),
-        size_(detail::const_check(std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
-                                  !detail::is_constant_evaluated(true))
-                  ? std::strlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s))
-                  : std::char_traits<Char>::length(s)) {}
-
-  /** Constructs a string reference from a ``std::basic_string`` object. */
-  template <typename Traits, typename Alloc>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(
-      const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& s) noexcept
-      : data_(s.data()), size_(s.size()) {}
-
-  template <typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<
-                                      S, detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(S s) noexcept
-      : data_(s.data()), size_(s.size()) {}
-
-  /** Returns a pointer to the string data. */
-  constexpr auto data() const noexcept -> const Char* { return data_; }
-
-  /** Returns the string size. */
-  constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_t { return size_; }
-
-  constexpr auto begin() const noexcept -> iterator { return data_; }
-  constexpr auto end() const noexcept -> iterator { return data_ + size_; }
-
-  constexpr auto operator[](size_t pos) const noexcept -> const Char& {
-    return data_[pos];
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_t n) noexcept {
-    data_ += n;
-    size_ -= n;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS bool starts_with(
-      basic_string_view<Char> sv) const noexcept {
-    return size_ >= sv.size_ &&
-           std::char_traits<Char>::compare(data_, sv.data_, sv.size_) == 0;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS bool starts_with(Char c) const noexcept {
-    return size_ >= 1 && std::char_traits<Char>::eq(*data_, c);
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS bool starts_with(const Char* s) const {
-    return starts_with(basic_string_view<Char>(s));
-  }
-
-  // Lexicographically compare this string reference to other.
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS auto compare(basic_string_view other) const -> int {
-    size_t str_size = size_ < other.size_ ? size_ : other.size_;
-    int result = std::char_traits<Char>::compare(data_, other.data_, str_size);
-    if (result == 0)
-      result = size_ == other.size_ ? 0 : (size_ < other.size_ ? -1 : 1);
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS friend auto operator==(basic_string_view lhs,
-                                                   basic_string_view rhs)
-      -> bool {
-    return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
-  }
-  friend auto operator!=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
-    return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
-  }
-  friend auto operator<(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
-    return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
-  }
-  friend auto operator<=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
-    return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
-  }
-  friend auto operator>(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
-    return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
-  }
-  friend auto operator>=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
-    return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
-  }
-};
-
-FMT_EXPORT
-using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
-
-/** Specifies if ``T`` is a character type. Can be specialized by users. */
-FMT_EXPORT
-template <typename T> struct is_char : std::false_type {};
-template <> struct is_char<char> : std::true_type {};
-
-namespace detail {
-
-// A base class for compile-time strings.
-struct compile_string {};
-
-template <typename S>
-struct is_compile_string : std::is_base_of<compile_string, S> {};
-
-template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<Char>::value)>
-FMT_INLINE auto to_string_view(const Char* s) -> basic_string_view<Char> {
-  return s;
-}
-template <typename Char, typename Traits, typename Alloc>
-inline auto to_string_view(const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& s)
-    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
-  return s;
-}
-template <typename Char>
-constexpr auto to_string_view(basic_string_view<Char> s)
-    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
-  return s;
-}
-template <typename Char,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_empty<std_string_view<Char>>::value)>
-inline auto to_string_view(std_string_view<Char> s) -> basic_string_view<Char> {
-  return s;
-}
-template <typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
-constexpr auto to_string_view(const S& s)
-    -> basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> {
-  return basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(s);
-}
-void to_string_view(...);
-
-// Specifies whether S is a string type convertible to fmt::basic_string_view.
-// It should be a constexpr function but MSVC 2017 fails to compile it in
-// enable_if and MSVC 2015 fails to compile it as an alias template.
-// ADL is intentionally disabled as to_string_view is not an extension point.
-template <typename S>
-struct is_string
-    : std::is_class<decltype(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<S>()))> {};
-
-template <typename S, typename = void> struct char_t_impl {};
-template <typename S> struct char_t_impl<S, enable_if_t<is_string<S>::value>> {
-  using result = decltype(to_string_view(std::declval<S>()));
-  using type = typename result::value_type;
-};
-
-enum class type {
-  none_type,
-  // Integer types should go first,
-  int_type,
-  uint_type,
-  long_long_type,
-  ulong_long_type,
-  int128_type,
-  uint128_type,
-  bool_type,
-  char_type,
-  last_integer_type = char_type,
-  // followed by floating-point types.
-  float_type,
-  double_type,
-  long_double_type,
-  last_numeric_type = long_double_type,
-  cstring_type,
-  string_type,
-  pointer_type,
-  custom_type
-};
-
-// Maps core type T to the corresponding type enum constant.
-template <typename T, typename Char>
-struct type_constant : std::integral_constant<type, type::custom_type> {};
-
-#define FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Type, constant) \
-  template <typename Char>                \
-  struct type_constant<Type, Char>        \
-      : std::integral_constant<type, type::constant> {}
-
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int, int_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned, uint_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long long, long_long_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned long long, ulong_long_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int128_opt, int128_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(uint128_opt, uint128_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(bool, bool_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Char, char_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(float, float_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(double, double_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long double, long_double_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const Char*, cstring_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(basic_string_view<Char>, string_type);
-FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const void*, pointer_type);
-
-constexpr bool is_integral_type(type t) {
-  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_integer_type;
-}
-constexpr bool is_arithmetic_type(type t) {
-  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_numeric_type;
-}
-
-constexpr auto set(type rhs) -> int { return 1 << static_cast<int>(rhs); }
-constexpr auto in(type t, int set) -> bool {
-  return ((set >> static_cast<int>(t)) & 1) != 0;
-}
-
-// Bitsets of types.
-enum {
-  sint_set =
-      set(type::int_type) | set(type::long_long_type) | set(type::int128_type),
-  uint_set = set(type::uint_type) | set(type::ulong_long_type) |
-             set(type::uint128_type),
-  bool_set = set(type::bool_type),
-  char_set = set(type::char_type),
-  float_set = set(type::float_type) | set(type::double_type) |
-              set(type::long_double_type),
-  string_set = set(type::string_type),
-  cstring_set = set(type::cstring_type),
-  pointer_set = set(type::pointer_type)
-};
-
-FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void throw_format_error(const char* message);
-
-struct error_handler {
-  constexpr error_handler() = default;
-
-  // This function is intentionally not constexpr to give a compile-time error.
-  FMT_NORETURN void on_error(const char* message) {
-    throw_format_error(message);
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace detail
-
-/** Throws ``format_error`` with a given message. */
-using detail::throw_format_error;
-
-/** String's character type. */
-template <typename S> using char_t = typename detail::char_t_impl<S>::type;
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an
-  argument counter for automatic indexing.
-  You can use the ``format_parse_context`` type alias for ``char`` instead.
-  \endrst
- */
-FMT_EXPORT
-template <typename Char> class basic_format_parse_context {
- private:
-  basic_string_view<Char> format_str_;
-  int next_arg_id_;
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void do_check_arg_id(int id);
-
- public:
-  using char_type = Char;
-  using iterator = const Char*;
-
-  explicit constexpr basic_format_parse_context(
-      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, int next_arg_id = 0)
-      : format_str_(format_str), next_arg_id_(next_arg_id) {}
-
-  /**
-    Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being
-    parsed.
-   */
-  constexpr auto begin() const noexcept -> iterator {
-    return format_str_.begin();
-  }
-
-  /**
-    Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed.
-   */
-  constexpr auto end() const noexcept -> iterator { return format_str_.end(); }
-
-  /** Advances the begin iterator to ``it``. */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator it) {
-    format_str_.remove_prefix(detail::to_unsigned(it - begin()));
-  }
-
-  /**
-    Reports an error if using the manual argument indexing; otherwise returns
-    the next argument index and switches to the automatic indexing.
-   */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
-    if (next_arg_id_ < 0) {
-      detail::throw_format_error(
-          "cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
-      return 0;
-    }
-    int id = next_arg_id_++;
-    do_check_arg_id(id);
-    return id;
-  }
-
-  /**
-    Reports an error if using the automatic argument indexing; otherwise
-    switches to the manual indexing.
-   */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
-    if (next_arg_id_ > 0) {
-      detail::throw_format_error(
-          "cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
-      return;
-    }
-    next_arg_id_ = -1;
-    do_check_arg_id(id);
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id);
-};
-
-FMT_EXPORT
-using format_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<char>;
-
-namespace detail {
-// A parse context with extra data used only in compile-time checks.
-template <typename Char>
-class compile_parse_context : public basic_format_parse_context<Char> {
- private:
-  int num_args_;
-  const type* types_;
-  using base = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
-
- public:
-  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR compile_parse_context(
-      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, int num_args, const type* types,
-      int next_arg_id = 0)
-      : base(format_str, next_arg_id), num_args_(num_args), types_(types) {}
-
-  constexpr auto num_args() const -> int { return num_args_; }
-  constexpr auto arg_type(int id) const -> type { return types_[id]; }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
-    int id = base::next_arg_id();
-    if (id >= num_args_) throw_format_error("argument not found");
-    return id;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
-    base::check_arg_id(id);
-    if (id >= num_args_) throw_format_error("argument not found");
-  }
-  using base::check_arg_id;
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_dynamic_spec(int arg_id) {
-    detail::ignore_unused(arg_id);
-#if !defined(__LCC__)
-    if (arg_id < num_args_ && types_ && !is_integral_type(types_[arg_id]))
-      throw_format_error("width/precision is not integer");
-#endif
-  }
-};
-
-// Extracts a reference to the container from back_insert_iterator.
-template <typename Container>
-inline auto get_container(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it)
-    -> Container& {
-  using base = std::back_insert_iterator<Container>;
-  struct accessor : base {
-    accessor(base b) : base(b) {}
-    using base::container;
-  };
-  return *accessor(it).container;
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out)
-    -> OutputIt {
-  while (begin != end) *out++ = static_cast<Char>(*begin++);
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename T, typename U,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(
-              std::is_same<remove_const_t<T>, U>::value&& is_char<U>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy_str(T* begin, T* end, U* out) -> U* {
-  if (is_constant_evaluated()) return copy_str<Char, T*, U*>(begin, end, out);
-  auto size = to_unsigned(end - begin);
-  if (size > 0) memcpy(out, begin, size * sizeof(U));
-  return out + size;
-}
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. It is an internal
-  class and shouldn't be used directly, only via `~fmt::basic_memory_buffer`.
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename T> class buffer {
- private:
-  T* ptr_;
-  size_t size_;
-  size_t capacity_;
-
- protected:
-  // Don't initialize ptr_ since it is not accessed to save a few cycles.
-  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 26495)
-  buffer(size_t sz) noexcept : size_(sz), capacity_(sz) {}
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 buffer(T* p = nullptr, size_t sz = 0, size_t cap = 0) noexcept
-      : ptr_(p), size_(sz), capacity_(cap) {}
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 ~buffer() = default;
-  buffer(buffer&&) = default;
-
-  /** Sets the buffer data and capacity. */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void set(T* buf_data, size_t buf_capacity) noexcept {
-    ptr_ = buf_data;
-    capacity_ = buf_capacity;
-  }
-
-  /** Increases the buffer capacity to hold at least *capacity* elements. */
-  virtual FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t capacity) = 0;
-
- public:
-  using value_type = T;
-  using const_reference = const T&;
-
-  buffer(const buffer&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const buffer&) = delete;
-
-  FMT_INLINE auto begin() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_; }
-  FMT_INLINE auto end() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
-
-  FMT_INLINE auto begin() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_; }
-  FMT_INLINE auto end() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
-
-  /** Returns the size of this buffer. */
-  constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_t { return size_; }
-
-  /** Returns the capacity of this buffer. */
-  constexpr auto capacity() const noexcept -> size_t { return capacity_; }
-
-  /** Returns a pointer to the buffer data (not null-terminated). */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto data() noexcept -> T* { return ptr_; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto data() const noexcept -> const T* { return ptr_; }
-
-  /** Clears this buffer. */
-  void clear() { size_ = 0; }
-
-  // Tries resizing the buffer to contain *count* elements. If T is a POD type
-  // the new elements may not be initialized.
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void try_resize(size_t count) {
-    try_reserve(count);
-    size_ = count <= capacity_ ? count : capacity_;
-  }
-
-  // Tries increasing the buffer capacity to *new_capacity*. It can increase the
-  // capacity by a smaller amount than requested but guarantees there is space
-  // for at least one additional element either by increasing the capacity or by
-  // flushing the buffer if it is full.
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void try_reserve(size_t new_capacity) {
-    if (new_capacity > capacity_) grow(new_capacity);
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void push_back(const T& value) {
-    try_reserve(size_ + 1);
-    ptr_[size_++] = value;
-  }
-
-  /** Appends data to the end of the buffer. */
-  template <typename U> void append(const U* begin, const U* end);
-
-  template <typename Idx> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](Idx index) -> T& {
-    return ptr_[index];
-  }
-  template <typename Idx>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](Idx index) const -> const T& {
-    return ptr_[index];
-  }
-};
-
-struct buffer_traits {
-  explicit buffer_traits(size_t) {}
-  auto count() const -> size_t { return 0; }
-  auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t { return size; }
-};
-
-class fixed_buffer_traits {
- private:
-  size_t count_ = 0;
-  size_t limit_;
-
- public:
-  explicit fixed_buffer_traits(size_t limit) : limit_(limit) {}
-  auto count() const -> size_t { return count_; }
-  auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t {
-    size_t n = limit_ > count_ ? limit_ - count_ : 0;
-    count_ += size;
-    return size < n ? size : n;
-  }
-};
-
-// A buffer that writes to an output iterator when flushed.
-template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits = buffer_traits>
-class iterator_buffer final : public Traits, public buffer<T> {
- private:
-  OutputIt out_;
-  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
-  T data_[buffer_size];
-
- protected:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t) override {
-    if (this->size() == buffer_size) flush();
-  }
-
-  void flush() {
-    auto size = this->size();
-    this->clear();
-    out_ = copy_str<T>(data_, data_ + this->limit(size), out_);
-  }
-
- public:
-  explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t n = buffer_size)
-      : Traits(n), buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size), out_(out) {}
-  iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other)
-      : Traits(other), buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size), out_(other.out_) {}
-  ~iterator_buffer() { flush(); }
-
-  auto out() -> OutputIt {
-    flush();
-    return out_;
-  }
-  auto count() const -> size_t { return Traits::count() + this->size(); }
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-class iterator_buffer<T*, T, fixed_buffer_traits> final
-    : public fixed_buffer_traits,
-      public buffer<T> {
- private:
-  T* out_;
-  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
-  T data_[buffer_size];
-
- protected:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t) override {
-    if (this->size() == this->capacity()) flush();
-  }
-
-  void flush() {
-    size_t n = this->limit(this->size());
-    if (this->data() == out_) {
-      out_ += n;
-      this->set(data_, buffer_size);
-    }
-    this->clear();
-  }
-
- public:
-  explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t n = buffer_size)
-      : fixed_buffer_traits(n), buffer<T>(out, 0, n), out_(out) {}
-  iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other)
-      : fixed_buffer_traits(other),
-        buffer<T>(std::move(other)),
-        out_(other.out_) {
-    if (this->data() != out_) {
-      this->set(data_, buffer_size);
-      this->clear();
-    }
-  }
-  ~iterator_buffer() { flush(); }
-
-  auto out() -> T* {
-    flush();
-    return out_;
-  }
-  auto count() const -> size_t {
-    return fixed_buffer_traits::count() + this->size();
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename T> class iterator_buffer<T*, T> final : public buffer<T> {
- protected:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t) override {}
-
- public:
-  explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t = 0) : buffer<T>(out, 0, ~size_t()) {}
-
-  auto out() -> T* { return &*this->end(); }
-};
-
-// A buffer that writes to a container with the contiguous storage.
-template <typename Container>
-class iterator_buffer<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>,
-                      enable_if_t<is_contiguous<Container>::value,
-                                  typename Container::value_type>>
-    final : public buffer<typename Container::value_type> {
- private:
-  Container& container_;
-
- protected:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t capacity) override {
-    container_.resize(capacity);
-    this->set(&container_[0], capacity);
-  }
-
- public:
-  explicit iterator_buffer(Container& c)
-      : buffer<typename Container::value_type>(c.size()), container_(c) {}
-  explicit iterator_buffer(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> out, size_t = 0)
-      : iterator_buffer(get_container(out)) {}
-
-  auto out() -> std::back_insert_iterator<Container> {
-    return std::back_inserter(container_);
-  }
-};
-
-// A buffer that counts the number of code units written discarding the output.
-template <typename T = char> class counting_buffer final : public buffer<T> {
- private:
-  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
-  T data_[buffer_size];
-  size_t count_ = 0;
-
- protected:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t) override {
-    if (this->size() != buffer_size) return;
-    count_ += this->size();
-    this->clear();
-  }
-
- public:
-  counting_buffer() : buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size) {}
-
-  auto count() -> size_t { return count_ + this->size(); }
-};
-}  // namespace detail
-
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR void basic_format_parse_context<Char>::do_check_arg_id(int id) {
-  // Argument id is only checked at compile-time during parsing because
-  // formatting has its own validation.
-  if (detail::is_constant_evaluated() &&
-      (!FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1200)) {
-    using context = detail::compile_parse_context<Char>;
-    if (id >= static_cast<context*>(this)->num_args())
-      detail::throw_format_error("argument not found");
-  }
-}
-
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR void basic_format_parse_context<Char>::check_dynamic_spec(
-    int arg_id) {
-  if (detail::is_constant_evaluated() &&
-      (!FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1200)) {
-    using context = detail::compile_parse_context<Char>;
-    static_cast<context*>(this)->check_dynamic_spec(arg_id);
-  }
-}
-
-FMT_EXPORT template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg;
-FMT_EXPORT template <typename Context> class basic_format_args;
-FMT_EXPORT template <typename Context> class dynamic_format_arg_store;
-
-// A formatter for objects of type T.
-FMT_EXPORT
-template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
-struct formatter {
-  // A deleted default constructor indicates a disabled formatter.
-  formatter() = delete;
-};
-
-// Specifies if T has an enabled formatter specialization. A type can be
-// formattable even if it doesn't have a formatter e.g. via a conversion.
-template <typename T, typename Context>
-using has_formatter =
-    std::is_constructible<typename Context::template formatter_type<T>>;
-
-// An output iterator that appends to a buffer.
-// It is used to reduce symbol sizes for the common case.
-class appender : public std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<char>> {
-  using base = std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<char>>;
-
- public:
-  using std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<char>>::back_insert_iterator;
-  appender(base it) noexcept : base(it) {}
-  FMT_UNCHECKED_ITERATOR(appender);
-
-  auto operator++() noexcept -> appender& { return *this; }
-  auto operator++(int) noexcept -> appender { return *this; }
-};
-
-namespace detail {
-
-template <typename Context, typename T>
-constexpr auto has_const_formatter_impl(T*)
-    -> decltype(typename Context::template formatter_type<T>().format(
-                    std::declval<const T&>(), std::declval<Context&>()),
-                true) {
-  return true;
-}
-template <typename Context>
-constexpr auto has_const_formatter_impl(...) -> bool {
-  return false;
-}
-template <typename T, typename Context>
-constexpr auto has_const_formatter() -> bool {
-  return has_const_formatter_impl<Context>(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-using buffer_appender = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, char>::value, appender,
-                                      std::back_insert_iterator<buffer<T>>>;
-
-// Maps an output iterator to a buffer.
-template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
-auto get_buffer(OutputIt out) -> iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T> {
-  return iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T>(out);
-}
-template <typename T, typename Buf,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<buffer<char>, Buf>::value)>
-auto get_buffer(std::back_insert_iterator<Buf> out) -> buffer<char>& {
-  return get_container(out);
-}
-
-template <typename Buf, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_INLINE auto get_iterator(Buf& buf, OutputIt) -> decltype(buf.out()) {
-  return buf.out();
-}
-template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
-auto get_iterator(buffer<T>&, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  return out;
-}
-
-struct view {};
-
-template <typename Char, typename T> struct named_arg : view {
-  const Char* name;
-  const T& value;
-  named_arg(const Char* n, const T& v) : name(n), value(v) {}
-};
-
-template <typename Char> struct named_arg_info {
-  const Char* name;
-  int id;
-};
-
-template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS>
-struct arg_data {
-  // args_[0].named_args points to named_args_ to avoid bloating format_args.
-  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
-  T args_[1 + (NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1)];
-  named_arg_info<Char> named_args_[NUM_NAMED_ARGS];
-
-  template <typename... U>
-  arg_data(const U&... init) : args_{T(named_args_, NUM_NAMED_ARGS), init...} {}
-  arg_data(const arg_data& other) = delete;
-  auto args() const -> const T* { return args_ + 1; }
-  auto named_args() -> named_arg_info<Char>* { return named_args_; }
-};
-
-template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS>
-struct arg_data<T, Char, NUM_ARGS, 0> {
-  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
-  T args_[NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1];
-
-  template <typename... U>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE arg_data(const U&... init) : args_{init...} {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto args() const -> const T* { return args_; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto named_args() -> std::nullptr_t {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Char>
-inline void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>*, int, int) {}
-
-template <typename T> struct is_named_arg : std::false_type {};
-template <typename T> struct is_statically_named_arg : std::false_type {};
-
-template <typename T, typename Char>
-struct is_named_arg<named_arg<Char, T>> : std::true_type {};
-
-template <typename Char, typename T, typename... Tail,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_named_arg<T>::value)>
-void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int arg_count,
-                     int named_arg_count, const T&, const Tail&... args) {
-  init_named_args(named_args, arg_count + 1, named_arg_count, args...);
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename T, typename... Tail,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
-void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int arg_count,
-                     int named_arg_count, const T& arg, const Tail&... args) {
-  named_args[named_arg_count++] = {arg.name, arg_count};
-  init_named_args(named_args, arg_count + 1, named_arg_count, args...);
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE void init_named_args(std::nullptr_t, int, int,
-                                              const Args&...) {}
-
-template <bool B = false> constexpr auto count() -> size_t { return B ? 1 : 0; }
-template <bool B1, bool B2, bool... Tail> constexpr auto count() -> size_t {
-  return (B1 ? 1 : 0) + count<B2, Tail...>();
-}
-
-template <typename... Args> constexpr auto count_named_args() -> size_t {
-  return count<is_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
-}
-
-template <typename... Args>
-constexpr auto count_statically_named_args() -> size_t {
-  return count<is_statically_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
-}
-
-struct unformattable {};
-struct unformattable_char : unformattable {};
-struct unformattable_pointer : unformattable {};
-
-template <typename Char> struct string_value {
-  const Char* data;
-  size_t size;
-};
-
-template <typename Char> struct named_arg_value {
-  const named_arg_info<Char>* data;
-  size_t size;
-};
-
-template <typename Context> struct custom_value {
-  using parse_context = typename Context::parse_context_type;
-  void* value;
-  void (*format)(void* arg, parse_context& parse_ctx, Context& ctx);
-};
-
-// A formatting argument value.
-template <typename Context> class value {
- public:
-  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
-
-  union {
-    monostate no_value;
-    int int_value;
-    unsigned uint_value;
-    long long long_long_value;
-    unsigned long long ulong_long_value;
-    int128_opt int128_value;
-    uint128_opt uint128_value;
-    bool bool_value;
-    char_type char_value;
-    float float_value;
-    double double_value;
-    long double long_double_value;
-    const void* pointer;
-    string_value<char_type> string;
-    custom_value<Context> custom;
-    named_arg_value<char_type> named_args;
-  };
-
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value() : no_value() {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(int val) : int_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned val) : uint_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(long long val) : long_long_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned long long val) : ulong_long_value(val) {}
-  FMT_INLINE value(int128_opt val) : int128_value(val) {}
-  FMT_INLINE value(uint128_opt val) : uint128_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(float val) : float_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(double val) : double_value(val) {}
-  FMT_INLINE value(long double val) : long_double_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(bool val) : bool_value(val) {}
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(char_type val) : char_value(val) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(const char_type* val) {
-    string.data = val;
-    if (is_constant_evaluated()) string.size = {};
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(basic_string_view<char_type> val) {
-    string.data = val.data();
-    string.size = val.size();
-  }
-  FMT_INLINE value(const void* val) : pointer(val) {}
-  FMT_INLINE value(const named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
-      : named_args{args, size} {}
-
-  template <typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR20 FMT_INLINE value(T& val) {
-    using value_type = remove_const_t<T>;
-    custom.value = const_cast<value_type*>(std::addressof(val));
-    // Get the formatter type through the context to allow different contexts
-    // have different extension points, e.g. `formatter<T>` for `format` and
-    // `printf_formatter<T>` for `printf`.
-    custom.format = format_custom_arg<
-        value_type, typename Context::template formatter_type<value_type>>;
-  }
-  value(unformattable);
-  value(unformattable_char);
-  value(unformattable_pointer);
-
- private:
-  // Formats an argument of a custom type, such as a user-defined class.
-  template <typename T, typename Formatter>
-  static void format_custom_arg(void* arg,
-                                typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
-                                Context& ctx) {
-    auto f = Formatter();
-    parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx));
-    using qualified_type =
-        conditional_t<has_const_formatter<T, Context>(), const T, T>;
-    ctx.advance_to(f.format(*static_cast<qualified_type*>(arg), ctx));
-  }
-};
-
-// To minimize the number of types we need to deal with, long is translated
-// either to int or to long long depending on its size.
-enum { long_short = sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) };
-using long_type = conditional_t<long_short, int, long long>;
-using ulong_type = conditional_t<long_short, unsigned, unsigned long long>;
-
-template <typename T> struct format_as_result {
-  template <typename U,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<U>::value || std::is_class<U>::value)>
-  static auto map(U*) -> decltype(format_as(std::declval<U>()));
-  static auto map(...) -> void;
-
-  using type = decltype(map(static_cast<T*>(nullptr)));
-};
-template <typename T> using format_as_t = typename format_as_result<T>::type;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct has_format_as
-    : bool_constant<!std::is_same<format_as_t<T>, void>::value> {};
-
-// Maps formatting arguments to core types.
-// arg_mapper reports errors by returning unformattable instead of using
-// static_assert because it's used in the is_formattable trait.
-template <typename Context> struct arg_mapper {
-  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(signed char val) -> int { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned char val) -> unsigned {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(short val) -> int { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned short val) -> unsigned {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(int val) -> int { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned val) -> unsigned { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(long val) -> long_type { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned long val) -> ulong_type {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(long long val) -> long long { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned long long val)
-      -> unsigned long long {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(int128_opt val) -> int128_opt {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(uint128_opt val) -> uint128_opt {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(bool val) -> bool { return val; }
-
-  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, char>::value ||
-                                      std::is_same<T, char_type>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(T val) -> char_type {
-    return val;
-  }
-  template <typename T, enable_if_t<(std::is_same<T, wchar_t>::value ||
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
-                                     std::is_same<T, char8_t>::value ||
-#endif
-                                     std::is_same<T, char16_t>::value ||
-                                     std::is_same<T, char32_t>::value) &&
-                                        !std::is_same<T, char_type>::value,
-                                    int> = 0>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(T) -> unformattable_char {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(float val) -> float { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(double val) -> double { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(long double val) -> long double {
-    return val;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(char_type* val) -> const char_type* {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const char_type* val) -> const char_type* {
-    return val;
-  }
-  template <typename T,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_string<T>::value && !std::is_pointer<T>::value &&
-                          std::is_same<char_type, char_t<T>>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val)
-      -> basic_string_view<char_type> {
-    return to_string_view(val);
-  }
-  template <typename T,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_string<T>::value && !std::is_pointer<T>::value &&
-                          !std::is_same<char_type, char_t<T>>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T&) -> unformattable_char {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(void* val) -> const void* { return val; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const void* val) -> const void* {
-    return val;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(std::nullptr_t val) -> const void* {
-    return val;
-  }
-
-  // Use SFINAE instead of a const T* parameter to avoid a conflict with the
-  // array overload.
-  template <
-      typename T,
-      FMT_ENABLE_IF(
-          std::is_pointer<T>::value || std::is_member_pointer<T>::value ||
-          std::is_function<typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type>::value ||
-          (std::is_array<T>::value &&
-           !std::is_convertible<T, const char_type*>::value))>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto map(const T&) -> unformattable_pointer {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  template <typename T, std::size_t N,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<T, wchar_t>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T (&values)[N]) -> const T (&)[N] {
-    return values;
-  }
-
-  // Only map owning types because mapping views can be unsafe.
-  template <typename T, typename U = format_as_t<T>,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_arithmetic<U>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val) -> decltype(this->map(U())) {
-    return map(format_as(val));
-  }
-
-  template <typename T, typename U = remove_const_t<T>>
-  struct formattable : bool_constant<has_const_formatter<U, Context>() ||
-                                     (has_formatter<U, Context>::value &&
-                                      !std::is_const<T>::value)> {};
-
-  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(formattable<T>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto do_map(T& val) -> T& {
-    return val;
-  }
-  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!formattable<T>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto do_map(T&) -> unformattable {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  template <typename T, typename U = remove_const_t<T>,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF((std::is_class<U>::value || std::is_enum<U>::value ||
-                           std::is_union<U>::value) &&
-                          !is_string<U>::value && !is_char<U>::value &&
-                          !is_named_arg<U>::value &&
-                          !std::is_arithmetic<format_as_t<U>>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(T& val) -> decltype(this->do_map(val)) {
-    return do_map(val);
-  }
-
-  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& named_arg)
-      -> decltype(this->map(named_arg.value)) {
-    return map(named_arg.value);
-  }
-
-  auto map(...) -> unformattable { return {}; }
-};
-
-// A type constant after applying arg_mapper<Context>.
-template <typename T, typename Context>
-using mapped_type_constant =
-    type_constant<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())),
-                  typename Context::char_type>;
-
-enum { packed_arg_bits = 4 };
-// Maximum number of arguments with packed types.
-enum { max_packed_args = 62 / packed_arg_bits };
-enum : unsigned long long { is_unpacked_bit = 1ULL << 63 };
-enum : unsigned long long { has_named_args_bit = 1ULL << 62 };
-
-template <typename Char, typename InputIt>
-auto copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, appender out) -> appender {
-  get_container(out).append(begin, end);
-  return out;
-}
-template <typename Char, typename InputIt>
-auto copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
-              std::back_insert_iterator<std::string> out)
-    -> std::back_insert_iterator<std::string> {
-  get_container(out).append(begin, end);
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename R, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto copy_str(R&& rng, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  return detail::copy_str<Char>(rng.begin(), rng.end(), out);
-}
-
-#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 500
-// A workaround for gcc 4.8 to make void_t work in a SFINAE context.
-template <typename...> struct void_t_impl { using type = void; };
-template <typename... T> using void_t = typename void_t_impl<T...>::type;
-#else
-template <typename...> using void_t = void;
-#endif
-
-template <typename It, typename T, typename Enable = void>
-struct is_output_iterator : std::false_type {};
-
-template <typename It, typename T>
-struct is_output_iterator<
-    It, T,
-    void_t<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category,
-           decltype(*std::declval<It>() = std::declval<T>())>>
-    : std::true_type {};
-
-template <typename It> struct is_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
-template <typename Container>
-struct is_back_insert_iterator<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>
-    : std::true_type {};
-
-// A type-erased reference to an std::locale to avoid a heavy <locale> include.
-class locale_ref {
- private:
-  const void* locale_;  // A type-erased pointer to std::locale.
-
- public:
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE locale_ref() : locale_(nullptr) {}
-  template <typename Locale> explicit locale_ref(const Locale& loc);
-
-  explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return locale_ != nullptr; }
-
-  template <typename Locale> auto get() const -> Locale;
-};
-
-template <typename> constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
-  return 0;
-}
-
-template <typename Context, typename Arg, typename... Args>
-constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
-  return static_cast<unsigned>(mapped_type_constant<Arg, Context>::value) |
-         (encode_types<Context, Args...>() << packed_arg_bits);
-}
-
-#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
-// This type is intentionally undefined, only used for errors
-template <typename T, typename Char> struct type_is_unformattable_for;
-#endif
-
-template <bool PACKED, typename Context, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(PACKED)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto make_arg(T& val) -> value<Context> {
-  using arg_type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(val))>;
-
-  constexpr bool formattable_char =
-      !std::is_same<arg_type, unformattable_char>::value;
-  static_assert(formattable_char, "Mixing character types is disallowed.");
-
-  // Formatting of arbitrary pointers is disallowed. If you want to format a
-  // pointer cast it to `void*` or `const void*`. In particular, this forbids
-  // formatting of `[const] volatile char*` printed as bool by iostreams.
-  constexpr bool formattable_pointer =
-      !std::is_same<arg_type, unformattable_pointer>::value;
-  static_assert(formattable_pointer,
-                "Formatting of non-void pointers is disallowed.");
-
-  constexpr bool formattable = !std::is_same<arg_type, unformattable>::value;
-#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
-  if constexpr (!formattable) {
-    type_is_unformattable_for<T, typename Context::char_type> _;
-  }
-#endif
-  static_assert(
-      formattable,
-      "Cannot format an argument. To make type T formattable provide a "
-      "formatter<T> specialization: https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt");
-  return {arg_mapper<Context>().map(val)};
-}
-
-template <typename Context, typename T>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg(T& val) -> basic_format_arg<Context> {
-  auto arg = basic_format_arg<Context>();
-  arg.type_ = mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value;
-  arg.value_ = make_arg<true, Context>(val);
-  return arg;
-}
-
-template <bool PACKED, typename Context, typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!PACKED)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto make_arg(T& val) -> basic_format_arg<Context> {
-  return make_arg<Context>(val);
-}
-}  // namespace detail
-FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
-
-// A formatting argument. It is a trivially copyable/constructible type to
-// allow storage in basic_memory_buffer.
-template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg {
- private:
-  detail::value<Context> value_;
-  detail::type type_;
-
-  template <typename ContextType, typename T>
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto detail::make_arg(T& value)
-      -> basic_format_arg<ContextType>;
-
-  template <typename Visitor, typename Ctx>
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto visit_format_arg(Visitor&& vis,
-                                             const basic_format_arg<Ctx>& arg)
-      -> decltype(vis(0));
-
-  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
-  friend class dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>;
-
-  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
-
-  template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS>
-  friend struct detail::arg_data;
-
-  basic_format_arg(const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
-      : value_(args, size) {}
-
- public:
-  class handle {
-   public:
-    explicit handle(detail::custom_value<Context> custom) : custom_(custom) {}
-
-    void format(typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
-                Context& ctx) const {
-      custom_.format(custom_.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    detail::custom_value<Context> custom_;
-  };
-
-  constexpr basic_format_arg() : type_(detail::type::none_type) {}
-
-  constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
-    return type_ != detail::type::none_type;
-  }
-
-  auto type() const -> detail::type { return type_; }
-
-  auto is_integral() const -> bool { return detail::is_integral_type(type_); }
-  auto is_arithmetic() const -> bool {
-    return detail::is_arithmetic_type(type_);
-  }
-};
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Visits an argument dispatching to the appropriate visit method based on
-  the argument type. For example, if the argument type is ``double`` then
-  ``vis(value)`` will be called with the value of type ``double``.
-  \endrst
- */
-// DEPRECATED!
-template <typename Visitor, typename Context>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto visit_format_arg(
-    Visitor&& vis, const basic_format_arg<Context>& arg) -> decltype(vis(0)) {
-  switch (arg.type_) {
-  case detail::type::none_type:
-    break;
-  case detail::type::int_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.int_value);
-  case detail::type::uint_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.uint_value);
-  case detail::type::long_long_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.long_long_value);
-  case detail::type::ulong_long_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.ulong_long_value);
-  case detail::type::int128_type:
-    return vis(detail::convert_for_visit(arg.value_.int128_value));
-  case detail::type::uint128_type:
-    return vis(detail::convert_for_visit(arg.value_.uint128_value));
-  case detail::type::bool_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.bool_value);
-  case detail::type::char_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.char_value);
-  case detail::type::float_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.float_value);
-  case detail::type::double_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.double_value);
-  case detail::type::long_double_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.long_double_value);
-  case detail::type::cstring_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.string.data);
-  case detail::type::string_type:
-    using sv = basic_string_view<typename Context::char_type>;
-    return vis(sv(arg.value_.string.data, arg.value_.string.size));
-  case detail::type::pointer_type:
-    return vis(arg.value_.pointer);
-  case detail::type::custom_type:
-    return vis(typename basic_format_arg<Context>::handle(arg.value_.custom));
-  }
-  return vis(monostate());
-}
-
-// Formatting context.
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_format_context {
- private:
-  OutputIt out_;
-  basic_format_args<basic_format_context> args_;
-  detail::locale_ref loc_;
-
- public:
-  using iterator = OutputIt;
-  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>;
-  using format_args = basic_format_args<basic_format_context>;
-  using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
-  template <typename T> using formatter_type = formatter<T, Char>;
-
-  /** The character type for the output. */
-  using char_type = Char;
-
-  basic_format_context(basic_format_context&&) = default;
-  basic_format_context(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
-  /**
-    Constructs a ``basic_format_context`` object. References to the arguments
-    are stored in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
-   */
-  constexpr basic_format_context(OutputIt out, format_args ctx_args,
-                                 detail::locale_ref loc = {})
-      : out_(out), args_(ctx_args), loc_(loc) {}
-
-  constexpr auto arg(int id) const -> format_arg { return args_.get(id); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> format_arg {
-    return args_.get(name);
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
-    return args_.get_id(name);
-  }
-  auto args() const -> const format_args& { return args_; }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto error_handler() -> detail::error_handler { return {}; }
-  void on_error(const char* message) { error_handler().on_error(message); }
-
-  // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the output range.
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto out() -> iterator { return out_; }
-
-  // Advances the begin iterator to ``it``.
-  void advance_to(iterator it) {
-    if (!detail::is_back_insert_iterator<iterator>()) out_ = it;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto locale() -> detail::locale_ref { return loc_; }
-};
-
-template <typename Char>
-using buffer_context =
-    basic_format_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>;
-using format_context = buffer_context<char>;
-
-template <typename T, typename Char = char>
-using is_formattable = bool_constant<!std::is_base_of<
-    detail::unformattable, decltype(detail::arg_mapper<buffer_context<Char>>()
-                                        .map(std::declval<T&>()))>::value>;
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted into
-  `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing into type-erased formatting functions
-  such as `~fmt::vformat`.
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename Context, typename... Args>
-class format_arg_store
-#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
-    // Workaround a GCC template argument substitution bug.
-    : public basic_format_args<Context>
-#endif
-{
- private:
-  static const size_t num_args = sizeof...(Args);
-  static constexpr size_t num_named_args = detail::count_named_args<Args...>();
-  static const bool is_packed = num_args <= detail::max_packed_args;
-
-  using value_type = conditional_t<is_packed, detail::value<Context>,
-                                   basic_format_arg<Context>>;
-
-  detail::arg_data<value_type, typename Context::char_type, num_args,
-                   num_named_args>
-      data_;
-
-  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
-
-  static constexpr unsigned long long desc =
-      (is_packed ? detail::encode_types<Context, Args...>()
-                 : detail::is_unpacked_bit | num_args) |
-      (num_named_args != 0
-           ? static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit)
-           : 0);
-
- public:
-  template <typename... T>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE format_arg_store(T&... args)
-      :
-#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
-        basic_format_args<Context>(*this),
-#endif
-        data_{detail::make_arg<is_packed, Context>(args)...} {
-    if (detail::const_check(num_named_args != 0))
-      detail::init_named_args(data_.named_args(), 0, 0, args...);
-  }
-};
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Constructs a `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
-  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::format_args`. `Context`
-  can be omitted in which case it defaults to `~fmt::format_context`.
-  See `~fmt::arg` for lifetime considerations.
-  \endrst
- */
-// Arguments are taken by lvalue references to avoid some lifetime issues.
-template <typename Context = format_context, typename... T>
-constexpr auto make_format_args(T&... args)
-    -> format_arg_store<Context, remove_cvref_t<T>...> {
-  return {args...};
-}
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function.
-  It should only be used in a call to a formatting function or
-  `dynamic_format_arg_store::push_back`.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", fmt::arg("s", 1.23));
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename Char, typename T>
-inline auto arg(const Char* name, const T& arg) -> detail::named_arg<Char, T> {
-  static_assert(!detail::is_named_arg<T>(), "nested named arguments");
-  return {name, arg};
-}
-FMT_END_EXPORT
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  A view of a collection of formatting arguments. To avoid lifetime issues it
-  should only be used as a parameter type in type-erased functions such as
-  ``vformat``::
-
-    void vlog(string_view format_str, format_args args);  // OK
-    format_args args = make_format_args();  // Error: dangling reference
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename Context> class basic_format_args {
- public:
-  using size_type = int;
-  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<Context>;
-
- private:
-  // A descriptor that contains information about formatting arguments.
-  // If the number of arguments is less or equal to max_packed_args then
-  // argument types are passed in the descriptor. This reduces binary code size
-  // per formatting function call.
-  unsigned long long desc_;
-  union {
-    // If is_packed() returns true then argument values are stored in values_;
-    // otherwise they are stored in args_. This is done to improve cache
-    // locality and reduce compiled code size since storing larger objects
-    // may require more code (at least on x86-64) even if the same amount of
-    // data is actually copied to stack. It saves ~10% on the bloat test.
-    const detail::value<Context>* values_;
-    const format_arg* args_;
-  };
-
-  constexpr auto is_packed() const -> bool {
-    return (desc_ & detail::is_unpacked_bit) == 0;
-  }
-  auto has_named_args() const -> bool {
-    return (desc_ & detail::has_named_args_bit) != 0;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto type(int index) const -> detail::type {
-    int shift = index * detail::packed_arg_bits;
-    unsigned int mask = (1 << detail::packed_arg_bits) - 1;
-    return static_cast<detail::type>((desc_ >> shift) & mask);
-  }
-
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(unsigned long long desc,
-                                         const detail::value<Context>* values)
-      : desc_(desc), values_(values) {}
-  constexpr basic_format_args(unsigned long long desc, const format_arg* args)
-      : desc_(desc), args_(args) {}
-
- public:
-  constexpr basic_format_args() : desc_(0), args_(nullptr) {}
-
-  /**
-   \rst
-   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `~fmt::format_arg_store`.
-   \endrst
-   */
-  template <typename... Args>
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(
-      const format_arg_store<Context, Args...>& store)
-      : basic_format_args(format_arg_store<Context, Args...>::desc,
-                          store.data_.args()) {}
-
-  /**
-   \rst
-   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from
-   `~fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store`.
-   \endrst
-   */
-  constexpr FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(
-      const dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>& store)
-      : basic_format_args(store.get_types(), store.data()) {}
-
-  /**
-   \rst
-   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from a dynamic set of arguments.
-   \endrst
-   */
-  constexpr basic_format_args(const format_arg* args, int count)
-      : basic_format_args(detail::is_unpacked_bit | detail::to_unsigned(count),
-                          args) {}
-
-  /** Returns the argument with the specified id. */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get(int id) const -> format_arg {
-    format_arg arg;
-    if (!is_packed()) {
-      if (id < max_size()) arg = args_[id];
-      return arg;
-    }
-    if (id >= detail::max_packed_args) return arg;
-    arg.type_ = type(id);
-    if (arg.type_ == detail::type::none_type) return arg;
-    arg.value_ = values_[id];
-    return arg;
-  }
-
-  template <typename Char>
-  auto get(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> format_arg {
-    int id = get_id(name);
-    return id >= 0 ? get(id) : format_arg();
-  }
-
-  template <typename Char>
-  auto get_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> int {
-    if (!has_named_args()) return -1;
-    const auto& named_args =
-        (is_packed() ? values_[-1] : args_[-1].value_).named_args;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < named_args.size; ++i) {
-      if (named_args.data[i].name == name) return named_args.data[i].id;
-    }
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  auto max_size() const -> int {
-    unsigned long long max_packed = detail::max_packed_args;
-    return static_cast<int>(is_packed() ? max_packed
-                                        : desc_ & ~detail::is_unpacked_bit);
-  }
-};
-
-/** An alias to ``basic_format_args<format_context>``. */
-// A separate type would result in shorter symbols but break ABI compatibility
-// between clang and gcc on ARM (#1919).
-FMT_EXPORT using format_args = basic_format_args<format_context>;
-
-// We cannot use enum classes as bit fields because of a gcc bug, so we put them
-// in namespaces instead (https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61414).
-// Additionally, if an underlying type is specified, older gcc incorrectly warns
-// that the type is too small. Both bugs are fixed in gcc 9.3.
-#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 903
-#  define FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(type)
-#else
-#  define FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(type) : type
-#endif
-namespace align {
-enum type FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(unsigned char){none, left, right, center,
-                                                  numeric};
-}
-using align_t = align::type;
-namespace sign {
-enum type FMT_ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE(unsigned char){none, minus, plus, space};
-}
-using sign_t = sign::type;
-
-namespace detail {
-
-// Workaround an array initialization issue in gcc 4.8.
-template <typename Char> struct fill_t {
- private:
-  enum { max_size = 4 };
-  Char data_[max_size] = {Char(' '), Char(0), Char(0), Char(0)};
-  unsigned char size_ = 1;
-
- public:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator=(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
-    auto size = s.size();
-    FMT_ASSERT(size <= max_size, "invalid fill");
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) data_[i] = s[i];
-    size_ = static_cast<unsigned char>(size);
-  }
-
-  constexpr auto size() const -> size_t { return size_; }
-  constexpr auto data() const -> const Char* { return data_; }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](size_t index) -> Char& { return data_[index]; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](size_t index) const -> const Char& {
-    return data_[index];
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace detail
-
-enum class presentation_type : unsigned char {
-  none,
-  dec,             // 'd'
-  oct,             // 'o'
-  hex_lower,       // 'x'
-  hex_upper,       // 'X'
-  bin_lower,       // 'b'
-  bin_upper,       // 'B'
-  hexfloat_lower,  // 'a'
-  hexfloat_upper,  // 'A'
-  exp_lower,       // 'e'
-  exp_upper,       // 'E'
-  fixed_lower,     // 'f'
-  fixed_upper,     // 'F'
-  general_lower,   // 'g'
-  general_upper,   // 'G'
-  chr,             // 'c'
-  string,          // 's'
-  pointer,         // 'p'
-  debug            // '?'
-};
-
-// Format specifiers for built-in and string types.
-template <typename Char = char> struct format_specs {
-  int width;
-  int precision;
-  presentation_type type;
-  align_t align : 4;
-  sign_t sign : 3;
-  bool alt : 1;  // Alternate form ('#').
-  bool localized : 1;
-  detail::fill_t<Char> fill;
-
-  constexpr format_specs()
-      : width(0),
-        precision(-1),
-        type(presentation_type::none),
-        align(align::none),
-        sign(sign::none),
-        alt(false),
-        localized(false) {}
-};
-
-namespace detail {
-
-enum class arg_id_kind { none, index, name };
-
-// An argument reference.
-template <typename Char> struct arg_ref {
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref() : kind(arg_id_kind::none), val() {}
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(int index)
-      : kind(arg_id_kind::index), val(index) {}
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> name)
-      : kind(arg_id_kind::name), val(name) {}
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator=(int idx) -> arg_ref& {
-    kind = arg_id_kind::index;
-    val.index = idx;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  arg_id_kind kind;
-  union value {
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(int idx = 0) : index(idx) {}
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(basic_string_view<Char> n) : name(n) {}
-
-    int index;
-    basic_string_view<Char> name;
-  } val;
-};
-
-// Format specifiers with width and precision resolved at formatting rather
-// than parsing time to allow reusing the same parsed specifiers with
-// different sets of arguments (precompilation of format strings).
-template <typename Char = char>
-struct dynamic_format_specs : format_specs<Char> {
-  arg_ref<Char> width_ref;
-  arg_ref<Char> precision_ref;
-};
-
-// Converts a character to ASCII. Returns '\0' on conversion failure.
-template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Char>::value)>
-constexpr auto to_ascii(Char c) -> char {
-  return c <= 0xff ? static_cast<char>(c) : '\0';
-}
-template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<Char>::value)>
-constexpr auto to_ascii(Char c) -> char {
-  return c <= 0xff ? static_cast<char>(c) : '\0';
-}
-
-// Returns the number of code units in a code point or 1 on error.
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto code_point_length(const Char* begin) -> int {
-  if (const_check(sizeof(Char) != 1)) return 1;
-  auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*begin);
-  return static_cast<int>((0x3a55000000000000ull >> (2 * (c >> 3))) & 0x3) + 1;
-}
-
-// Return the result via the out param to workaround gcc bug 77539.
-template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename T, typename Ptr = const T*>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto find(Ptr first, Ptr last, T value, Ptr& out) -> bool {
-  for (out = first; out != last; ++out) {
-    if (*out == value) return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-template <>
-inline auto find<false, char>(const char* first, const char* last, char value,
-                              const char*& out) -> bool {
-  out = static_cast<const char*>(
-      std::memchr(first, value, to_unsigned(last - first)));
-  return out != nullptr;
-}
-
-// Parses the range [begin, end) as an unsigned integer. This function assumes
-// that the range is non-empty and the first character is a digit.
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_nonnegative_int(const Char*& begin, const Char* end,
-                                         int error_value) noexcept -> int {
-  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9', "");
-  unsigned value = 0, prev = 0;
-  auto p = begin;
-  do {
-    prev = value;
-    value = value * 10 + unsigned(*p - '0');
-    ++p;
-  } while (p != end && '0' <= *p && *p <= '9');
-  auto num_digits = p - begin;
-  begin = p;
-  if (num_digits <= std::numeric_limits<int>::digits10)
-    return static_cast<int>(value);
-  // Check for overflow.
-  const unsigned max = to_unsigned((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)());
-  return num_digits == std::numeric_limits<int>::digits10 + 1 &&
-                 prev * 10ull + unsigned(p[-1] - '0') <= max
-             ? static_cast<int>(value)
-             : error_value;
-}
-
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto parse_align(char c) -> align_t {
-  switch (c) {
-  case '<':
-    return align::left;
-  case '>':
-    return align::right;
-  case '^':
-    return align::center;
-  }
-  return align::none;
-}
-
-template <typename Char> constexpr auto is_name_start(Char c) -> bool {
-  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || c == '_';
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename Handler>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto do_parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
-                                   Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
-  Char c = *begin;
-  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
-    int index = 0;
-    constexpr int max = (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)();
-    if (c != '0')
-      index = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, max);
-    else
-      ++begin;
-    if (begin == end || (*begin != '}' && *begin != ':'))
-      throw_format_error("invalid format string");
-    else
-      handler.on_index(index);
-    return begin;
-  }
-  if (!is_name_start(c)) {
-    throw_format_error("invalid format string");
-    return begin;
-  }
-  auto it = begin;
-  do {
-    ++it;
-  } while (it != end && (is_name_start(*it) || ('0' <= *it && *it <= '9')));
-  handler.on_name({begin, to_unsigned(it - begin)});
-  return it;
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename Handler>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
-                                           Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
-  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
-  Char c = *begin;
-  if (c != '}' && c != ':') return do_parse_arg_id(begin, end, handler);
-  handler.on_auto();
-  return begin;
-}
-
-template <typename Char> struct dynamic_spec_id_handler {
-  basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx;
-  arg_ref<Char>& ref;
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_auto() {
-    int id = ctx.next_arg_id();
-    ref = arg_ref<Char>(id);
-    ctx.check_dynamic_spec(id);
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_index(int id) {
-    ref = arg_ref<Char>(id);
-    ctx.check_arg_id(id);
-    ctx.check_dynamic_spec(id);
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_name(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
-    ref = arg_ref<Char>(id);
-    ctx.check_arg_id(id);
-  }
-};
-
-// Parses [integer | "{" [arg_id] "}"].
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_dynamic_spec(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
-                                      int& value, arg_ref<Char>& ref,
-                                      basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
-    -> const Char* {
-  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
-  if ('0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9') {
-    int val = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, -1);
-    if (val != -1)
-      value = val;
-    else
-      throw_format_error("number is too big");
-  } else if (*begin == '{') {
-    ++begin;
-    auto handler = dynamic_spec_id_handler<Char>{ctx, ref};
-    if (begin != end) begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, handler);
-    if (begin != end && *begin == '}') return ++begin;
-    throw_format_error("invalid format string");
-  }
-  return begin;
-}
-
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_precision(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
-                                   int& value, arg_ref<Char>& ref,
-                                   basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
-    -> const Char* {
-  ++begin;
-  if (begin == end || *begin == '}') {
-    throw_format_error("invalid precision");
-    return begin;
-  }
-  return parse_dynamic_spec(begin, end, value, ref, ctx);
-}
-
-enum class state { start, align, sign, hash, zero, width, precision, locale };
-
-// Parses standard format specifiers.
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto parse_format_specs(
-    const Char* begin, const Char* end, dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
-    basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx, type arg_type) -> const Char* {
-  auto c = '\0';
-  if (end - begin > 1) {
-    auto next = to_ascii(begin[1]);
-    c = parse_align(next) == align::none ? to_ascii(*begin) : '\0';
-  } else {
-    if (begin == end) return begin;
-    c = to_ascii(*begin);
-  }
-
-  struct {
-    state current_state = state::start;
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(state s, bool valid = true) {
-      if (current_state >= s || !valid)
-        throw_format_error("invalid format specifier");
-      current_state = s;
-    }
-  } enter_state;
-
-  using pres = presentation_type;
-  constexpr auto integral_set = sint_set | uint_set | bool_set | char_set;
-  struct {
-    const Char*& begin;
-    dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs;
-    type arg_type;
-
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(pres type, int set) -> const Char* {
-      if (!in(arg_type, set)) throw_format_error("invalid format specifier");
-      specs.type = type;
-      return begin + 1;
-    }
-  } parse_presentation_type{begin, specs, arg_type};
-
-  for (;;) {
-    switch (c) {
-    case '<':
-    case '>':
-    case '^':
-      enter_state(state::align);
-      specs.align = parse_align(c);
-      ++begin;
-      break;
-    case '+':
-    case '-':
-    case ' ':
-      enter_state(state::sign, in(arg_type, sint_set | float_set));
-      switch (c) {
-      case '+':
-        specs.sign = sign::plus;
-        break;
-      case '-':
-        specs.sign = sign::minus;
-        break;
-      case ' ':
-        specs.sign = sign::space;
-        break;
-      }
-      ++begin;
-      break;
-    case '#':
-      enter_state(state::hash, is_arithmetic_type(arg_type));
-      specs.alt = true;
-      ++begin;
-      break;
-    case '0':
-      enter_state(state::zero);
-      if (!is_arithmetic_type(arg_type))
-        throw_format_error("format specifier requires numeric argument");
-      if (specs.align == align::none) {
-        // Ignore 0 if align is specified for compatibility with std::format.
-        specs.align = align::numeric;
-        specs.fill[0] = Char('0');
-      }
-      ++begin;
-      break;
-    case '1':
-    case '2':
-    case '3':
-    case '4':
-    case '5':
-    case '6':
-    case '7':
-    case '8':
-    case '9':
-    case '{':
-      enter_state(state::width);
-      begin = parse_dynamic_spec(begin, end, specs.width, specs.width_ref, ctx);
-      break;
-    case '.':
-      enter_state(state::precision,
-                  in(arg_type, float_set | string_set | cstring_set));
-      begin = parse_precision(begin, end, specs.precision, specs.precision_ref,
-                              ctx);
-      break;
-    case 'L':
-      enter_state(state::locale, is_arithmetic_type(arg_type));
-      specs.localized = true;
-      ++begin;
-      break;
-    case 'd':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::dec, integral_set);
-    case 'o':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::oct, integral_set);
-    case 'x':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::hex_lower, integral_set);
-    case 'X':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::hex_upper, integral_set);
-    case 'b':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::bin_lower, integral_set);
-    case 'B':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::bin_upper, integral_set);
-    case 'a':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::hexfloat_lower, float_set);
-    case 'A':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::hexfloat_upper, float_set);
-    case 'e':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::exp_lower, float_set);
-    case 'E':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::exp_upper, float_set);
-    case 'f':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::fixed_lower, float_set);
-    case 'F':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::fixed_upper, float_set);
-    case 'g':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::general_lower, float_set);
-    case 'G':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::general_upper, float_set);
-    case 'c':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::chr, integral_set);
-    case 's':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::string,
-                                     bool_set | string_set | cstring_set);
-    case 'p':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::pointer, pointer_set | cstring_set);
-    case '?':
-      return parse_presentation_type(pres::debug,
-                                     char_set | string_set | cstring_set);
-    case '}':
-      return begin;
-    default: {
-      if (*begin == '}') return begin;
-      // Parse fill and alignment.
-      auto fill_end = begin + code_point_length(begin);
-      if (end - fill_end <= 0) {
-        throw_format_error("invalid format specifier");
-        return begin;
-      }
-      if (*begin == '{') {
-        throw_format_error("invalid fill character '{'");
-        return begin;
-      }
-      auto align = parse_align(to_ascii(*fill_end));
-      enter_state(state::align, align != align::none);
-      specs.fill = {begin, to_unsigned(fill_end - begin)};
-      specs.align = align;
-      begin = fill_end + 1;
-    }
-    }
-    if (begin == end) return begin;
-    c = to_ascii(*begin);
-  }
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename Handler>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_replacement_field(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
-                                           Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
-  struct id_adapter {
-    Handler& handler;
-    int arg_id;
-
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_auto() { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(); }
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_index(int id) { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id); }
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_name(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
-      arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id);
-    }
-  };
-
-  ++begin;
-  if (begin == end) return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), end;
-  if (*begin == '}') {
-    handler.on_replacement_field(handler.on_arg_id(), begin);
-  } else if (*begin == '{') {
-    handler.on_text(begin, begin + 1);
-  } else {
-    auto adapter = id_adapter{handler, 0};
-    begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, adapter);
-    Char c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
-    if (c == '}') {
-      handler.on_replacement_field(adapter.arg_id, begin);
-    } else if (c == ':') {
-      begin = handler.on_format_specs(adapter.arg_id, begin + 1, end);
-      if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
-        return handler.on_error("unknown format specifier"), end;
-    } else {
-      return handler.on_error("missing '}' in format string"), end;
-    }
-  }
-  return begin + 1;
-}
-
-template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename Char, typename Handler>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE void parse_format_string(
-    basic_string_view<Char> format_str, Handler&& handler) {
-  auto begin = format_str.data();
-  auto end = begin + format_str.size();
-  if (end - begin < 32) {
-    // Use a simple loop instead of memchr for small strings.
-    const Char* p = begin;
-    while (p != end) {
-      auto c = *p++;
-      if (c == '{') {
-        handler.on_text(begin, p - 1);
-        begin = p = parse_replacement_field(p - 1, end, handler);
-      } else if (c == '}') {
-        if (p == end || *p != '}')
-          return handler.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
-        handler.on_text(begin, p);
-        begin = ++p;
-      }
-    }
-    handler.on_text(begin, end);
-    return;
-  }
-  struct writer {
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(const Char* from, const Char* to) {
-      if (from == to) return;
-      for (;;) {
-        const Char* p = nullptr;
-        if (!find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(from, to, Char('}'), p))
-          return handler_.on_text(from, to);
-        ++p;
-        if (p == to || *p != '}')
-          return handler_.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
-        handler_.on_text(from, p);
-        from = p + 1;
-      }
-    }
-    Handler& handler_;
-  } write = {handler};
-  while (begin != end) {
-    // Doing two passes with memchr (one for '{' and another for '}') is up to
-    // 2.5x faster than the naive one-pass implementation on big format strings.
-    const Char* p = begin;
-    if (*begin != '{' && !find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(begin + 1, end, Char('{'), p))
-      return write(begin, end);
-    write(begin, p);
-    begin = parse_replacement_field(p, end, handler);
-  }
-}
-
-template <typename T, bool = is_named_arg<T>::value> struct strip_named_arg {
-  using type = T;
-};
-template <typename T> struct strip_named_arg<T, true> {
-  using type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(T::value)>;
-};
-
-template <typename T, typename ParseContext>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_format_specs(ParseContext& ctx)
-    -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-  using char_type = typename ParseContext::char_type;
-  using context = buffer_context<char_type>;
-  using mapped_type = conditional_t<
-      mapped_type_constant<T, context>::value != type::custom_type,
-      decltype(arg_mapper<context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())),
-      typename strip_named_arg<T>::type>;
-#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr)
-  if constexpr (std::is_default_constructible_v<
-                    formatter<mapped_type, char_type>>) {
-    return formatter<mapped_type, char_type>().parse(ctx);
-  } else {
-    type_is_unformattable_for<T, char_type> _;
-    return ctx.begin();
-  }
-#else
-  return formatter<mapped_type, char_type>().parse(ctx);
-#endif
-}
-
-// Checks char specs and returns true iff the presentation type is char-like.
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto check_char_specs(const format_specs<Char>& specs) -> bool {
-  if (specs.type != presentation_type::none &&
-      specs.type != presentation_type::chr &&
-      specs.type != presentation_type::debug) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (specs.align == align::numeric || specs.sign != sign::none || specs.alt)
-    throw_format_error("invalid format specifier for char");
-  return true;
-}
-
-#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-template <int N, typename T, typename... Args, typename Char>
-constexpr auto get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
-  if constexpr (is_statically_named_arg<T>()) {
-    if (name == T::name) return N;
-  }
-  if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0)
-    return get_arg_index_by_name<N + 1, Args...>(name);
-  (void)name;  // Workaround an MSVC bug about "unused" parameter.
-  return -1;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <typename... Args, typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
-#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-  if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0)
-    return get_arg_index_by_name<0, Args...>(name);
-#endif
-  (void)name;
-  return -1;
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename... Args> class format_string_checker {
- private:
-  using parse_context_type = compile_parse_context<Char>;
-  static constexpr int num_args = sizeof...(Args);
-
-  // Format specifier parsing function.
-  // In the future basic_format_parse_context will replace compile_parse_context
-  // here and will use is_constant_evaluated and downcasting to access the data
-  // needed for compile-time checks: https://godbolt.org/z/GvWzcTjh1.
-  using parse_func = const Char* (*)(parse_context_type&);
-
-  type types_[num_args > 0 ? static_cast<size_t>(num_args) : 1];
-  parse_context_type context_;
-  parse_func parse_funcs_[num_args > 0 ? static_cast<size_t>(num_args) : 1];
-
- public:
-  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR format_string_checker(basic_string_view<Char> fmt)
-      : types_{mapped_type_constant<Args, buffer_context<Char>>::value...},
-        context_(fmt, num_args, types_),
-        parse_funcs_{&parse_format_specs<Args, parse_context_type>...} {}
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id() -> int { return context_.next_arg_id(); }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(int id) -> int {
-    return context_.check_arg_id(id), id;
-  }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) -> int {
-#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-    auto index = get_arg_index_by_name<Args...>(id);
-    if (index < 0) on_error("named argument is not found");
-    return index;
-#else
-    (void)id;
-    on_error("compile-time checks for named arguments require C++20 support");
-    return 0;
-#endif
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int id, const Char* begin) {
-    on_format_specs(id, begin, begin);  // Call parse() on empty specs.
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char*)
-      -> const Char* {
-    context_.advance_to(begin);
-    // id >= 0 check is a workaround for gcc 10 bug (#2065).
-    return id >= 0 && id < num_args ? parse_funcs_[id](context_) : begin;
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
-    throw_format_error(message);
-  }
-};
-
-// Reports a compile-time error if S is not a valid format string.
-template <typename..., typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_compile_string<S>::value)>
-FMT_INLINE void check_format_string(const S&) {
-#ifdef FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING
-  static_assert(is_compile_string<S>::value,
-                "FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING requires all format strings to use "
-                "FMT_STRING.");
-#endif
-}
-template <typename... Args, typename S,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
-void check_format_string(S format_str) {
-  using char_t = typename S::char_type;
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto s = basic_string_view<char_t>(format_str);
-  using checker = format_string_checker<char_t, remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool error = (parse_format_string<true>(s, checker(s)), true);
-  ignore_unused(error);
-}
-
-template <typename Char = char> struct vformat_args {
-  using type = basic_format_args<
-      basic_format_context<std::back_insert_iterator<buffer<Char>>, Char>>;
-};
-template <> struct vformat_args<char> { using type = format_args; };
-
-// Use vformat_args and avoid type_identity to keep symbols short.
-template <typename Char>
-void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-                typename vformat_args<Char>::type args, locale_ref loc = {});
-
-FMT_API void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args);
-#ifndef _WIN32
-inline void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args) {}
-#endif
-}  // namespace detail
-
-FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
-
-// A formatter specialization for natively supported types.
-template <typename T, typename Char>
-struct formatter<T, Char,
-                 enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
-                             detail::type::custom_type>> {
- private:
-  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
-
- public:
-  template <typename ParseContext>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> const Char* {
-    auto type = detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value;
-    auto end =
-        detail::parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), specs_, ctx, type);
-    if (type == detail::type::char_type) detail::check_char_specs(specs_);
-    return end;
-  }
-
-  template <detail::type U = detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(U == detail::type::string_type ||
-                          U == detail::type::cstring_type ||
-                          U == detail::type::char_type)>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_debug_format(bool set = true) {
-    specs_.type = set ? presentation_type::debug : presentation_type::none;
-  }
-
-  template <typename FormatContext>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) const
-      -> decltype(ctx.out());
-};
-
-template <typename Char = char> struct runtime_format_string {
-  basic_string_view<Char> str;
-};
-
-/** A compile-time format string. */
-template <typename Char, typename... Args> class basic_format_string {
- private:
-  basic_string_view<Char> str_;
-
- public:
-  template <typename S,
-            FMT_ENABLE_IF(
-                std::is_convertible<const S&, basic_string_view<Char>>::value)>
-  FMT_CONSTEVAL FMT_INLINE basic_format_string(const S& s) : str_(s) {
-    static_assert(
-        detail::count<
-            (std::is_base_of<detail::view, remove_reference_t<Args>>::value &&
-             std::is_reference<Args>::value)...>() == 0,
-        "passing views as lvalues is disallowed");
-#ifdef FMT_HAS_CONSTEVAL
-    if constexpr (detail::count_named_args<Args...>() ==
-                  detail::count_statically_named_args<Args...>()) {
-      using checker =
-          detail::format_string_checker<Char, remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
-      detail::parse_format_string<true>(str_, checker(s));
-    }
-#else
-    detail::check_format_string<Args...>(s);
-#endif
-  }
-  basic_format_string(runtime_format_string<Char> fmt) : str_(fmt.str) {}
-
-  FMT_INLINE operator basic_string_view<Char>() const { return str_; }
-  FMT_INLINE auto get() const -> basic_string_view<Char> { return str_; }
-};
-
-#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
-// Workaround broken conversion on older gcc.
-template <typename...> using format_string = string_view;
-inline auto runtime(string_view s) -> string_view { return s; }
-#else
-template <typename... Args>
-using format_string = basic_format_string<char, type_identity_t<Args>...>;
-/**
-  \rst
-  Creates a runtime format string.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    // Check format string at runtime instead of compile-time.
-    fmt::print(fmt::runtime("{:d}"), "I am not a number");
-  \endrst
- */
-inline auto runtime(string_view s) -> runtime_format_string<> { return {{s}}; }
-#endif
-
-FMT_API auto vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) -> std::string;
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and returns the result
-  as a string.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    #include <fmt/core.h>
-    std::string message = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
-  \endrst
-*/
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto format(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-    -> std::string {
-  return vformat(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-}
-
-/** Formats a string and writes the output to ``out``. */
-template <typename OutputIt,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
-auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, string_view fmt, format_args args) -> OutputIt {
-  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<char>(out);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
-  return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
-}
-
-/**
- \rst
- Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt``, writes the result to
- the output iterator ``out`` and returns the iterator past the end of the output
- range. `format_to` does not append a terminating null character.
-
- **Example**::
-
-   auto out = std::vector<char>();
-   fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
- \endrst
- */
-template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
-FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt out, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-    -> OutputIt {
-  return vformat_to(out, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt> struct format_to_n_result {
-  /** Iterator past the end of the output range. */
-  OutputIt out;
-  /** Total (not truncated) output size. */
-  size_t size;
-};
-
-template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
-auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, string_view fmt, format_args args)
-    -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
-  using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
-  auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, traits>(out, n);
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, {});
-  return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
-}
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt``, writes up to ``n``
-  characters of the result to the output iterator ``out`` and returns the total
-  (not truncated) output size and the iterator past the end of the output range.
-  `format_to_n` does not append a terminating null character.
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
-FMT_INLINE auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, format_string<T...> fmt,
-                            T&&... args) -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
-  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-}
-
-/** Returns the number of chars in the output of ``format(fmt, args...)``. */
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(format_string<T...> fmt,
-                                             T&&... args) -> size_t {
-  auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<>();
-  detail::vformat_to<char>(buf, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...), {});
-  return buf.count();
-}
-
-FMT_API void vprint(string_view fmt, format_args args);
-FMT_API void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the output
-  to ``stdout``.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_INLINE void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
-  return detail::is_utf8() ? vprint(fmt, vargs)
-                           : detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, fmt, vargs);
-}
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the
-  output to the file ``f``.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print(stderr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_INLINE void print(std::FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
-  return detail::is_utf8() ? vprint(f, fmt, vargs)
-                           : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt, vargs);
-}
-
-/**
-  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the
-  output to the file ``f`` followed by a newline.
- */
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_INLINE void println(std::FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-  return fmt::print(f, "{}\n", fmt::format(fmt, std::forward<T>(args)...));
-}
-
-/**
-  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the output
-  to ``stdout`` followed by a newline.
- */
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_INLINE void println(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-  return fmt::println(stdout, fmt, std::forward<T>(args)...);
-}
-
-FMT_END_EXPORT
-FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC pop_options")
-FMT_END_NAMESPACE
-
-#ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
-#  include "format.h"
-#endif
-#endif  // FMT_CORE_H_
+#include "format.h"
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h
index dac2d437a..a887483b6 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h
@@ -8,17 +8,19 @@
 #ifndef FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
 #define FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cerrno>  // errno
-#include <climits>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <exception>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <algorithm>
+#  include <cerrno>  // errno
+#  include <climits>
+#  include <cmath>
+#  include <exception>
 
-#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
-#  include <locale>
+#  if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
+#    include <locale>
+#  endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(FMT_USE_WRITE_CONSOLE)
 #  include <io.h>  // _isatty
 #endif
 
@@ -36,10 +38,6 @@ FMT_FUNC void assert_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
   std::terminate();
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC void throw_format_error(const char* message) {
-  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
-}
-
 FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                 string_view message) noexcept {
   // Report error code making sure that the output fits into
@@ -56,10 +54,10 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
     ++error_code_size;
   }
   error_code_size += detail::to_unsigned(detail::count_digits(abs_value));
-  auto it = buffer_appender<char>(out);
+  auto it = appender(out);
   if (message.size() <= inline_buffer_size - error_code_size)
-    format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), message, SEP);
-  format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), ERROR_STR, error_code);
+    fmt::format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), message, SEP);
+  fmt::format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), ERROR_STR, error_code);
   FMT_ASSERT(out.size() <= inline_buffer_size, "");
 }
 
@@ -73,9 +71,8 @@ FMT_FUNC void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
 }
 
 // A wrapper around fwrite that throws on error.
-inline void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t size, size_t count,
-                         FILE* stream) {
-  size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, size, count, stream);
+inline void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t count, FILE* stream) {
+  size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, 1, count, stream);
   if (written < count)
     FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot write to file")));
 }
@@ -86,7 +83,7 @@ locale_ref::locale_ref(const Locale& loc) : locale_(&loc) {
   static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
 }
 
-template <typename Locale> Locale locale_ref::get() const {
+template <typename Locale> auto locale_ref::get() const -> Locale {
   static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
   return locale_ ? *static_cast<const std::locale*>(locale_) : std::locale();
 }
@@ -98,7 +95,8 @@ FMT_FUNC auto thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref loc) -> thousands_sep_result<Char> {
   auto thousands_sep = grouping.empty() ? Char() : facet.thousands_sep();
   return {std::move(grouping), thousands_sep};
 }
-template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_FUNC auto decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) -> Char {
   return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
       .decimal_point();
 }
@@ -113,8 +111,12 @@ template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) {
 #endif
 
 FMT_FUNC auto write_loc(appender out, loc_value value,
-                        const format_specs<>& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool {
-#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+                        const format_specs& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool {
+#ifdef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+  value.visit(loc_writer<>{
+      out, specs, std::string(1, FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR), "\3", "."});
+  return true;
+#else
   auto locale = loc.get<std::locale>();
   // We cannot use the num_put<char> facet because it may produce output in
   // a wrong encoding.
@@ -123,10 +125,13 @@ FMT_FUNC auto write_loc(appender out, loc_value value,
     return std::use_facet<facet>(locale).put(out, value, specs);
   return facet(locale).put(out, value, specs);
 #endif
-  return false;
 }
 }  // namespace detail
 
+FMT_FUNC void report_error(const char* message) {
+  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
+}
+
 template <typename Locale> typename Locale::id format_facet<Locale>::id;
 
 #ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
@@ -138,30 +143,31 @@ template <typename Locale> format_facet<Locale>::format_facet(Locale& loc) {
 
 template <>
 FMT_API FMT_FUNC auto format_facet<std::locale>::do_put(
-    appender out, loc_value val, const format_specs<>& specs) const -> bool {
+    appender out, loc_value val, const format_specs& specs) const -> bool {
   return val.visit(
       detail::loc_writer<>{out, specs, separator_, grouping_, decimal_point_});
 }
 #endif
 
-FMT_FUNC std::system_error vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view fmt,
-                                         format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC auto vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view fmt, format_args args)
+    -> std::system_error {
   auto ec = std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category());
   return std::system_error(ec, vformat(fmt, args));
 }
 
 namespace detail {
 
-template <typename F> inline bool operator==(basic_fp<F> x, basic_fp<F> y) {
+template <typename F>
+inline auto operator==(basic_fp<F> x, basic_fp<F> y) -> bool {
   return x.f == y.f && x.e == y.e;
 }
 
 // Compilers should be able to optimize this into the ror instruction.
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint32_t rotr(uint32_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto rotr(uint32_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept -> uint32_t {
   r &= 31;
   return (n >> r) | (n << (32 - r));
 }
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint64_t rotr(uint64_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto rotr(uint64_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   r &= 63;
   return (n >> r) | (n << (64 - r));
 }
@@ -170,14 +176,14 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint64_t rotr(uint64_t n, uint32_t r) noexcept {
 namespace dragonbox {
 // Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 64-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint64_t umul96_upper64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul96_upper64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   return umul128_upper64(static_cast<uint64_t>(x) << 32, y);
 }
 
 // Computes lower 128 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 128-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint128_fallback umul192_lower128(uint64_t x,
-                                         uint128_fallback y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul192_lower128(uint64_t x, uint128_fallback y) noexcept
+    -> uint128_fallback {
   uint64_t high = x * y.high();
   uint128_fallback high_low = umul128(x, y.low());
   return {high + high_low.high(), high_low.low()};
@@ -185,12 +191,12 @@ inline uint128_fallback umul192_lower128(uint64_t x,
 
 // Computes lower 64 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 64-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint64_t umul96_lower64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul96_lower64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   return x * y;
 }
 
 // Various fast log computations.
-inline int floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(int e) noexcept {
+inline auto floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(int e) noexcept -> int {
   FMT_ASSERT(e <= 2936 && e >= -2985, "too large exponent");
   return (e * 631305 - 261663) >> 21;
 }
@@ -204,7 +210,7 @@ FMT_INLINE_VARIABLE constexpr struct {
 // divisible by pow(10, N).
 // Precondition: n <= pow(10, N + 1).
 template <int N>
-bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(uint32_t& n) noexcept {
+auto check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(uint32_t& n) noexcept -> bool {
   // The numbers below are chosen such that:
   //   1. floor(n/d) = floor(nm / 2^k) where d=10 or d=100,
   //   2. nm mod 2^k < m if and only if n is divisible by d,
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(uint32_t& n) noexcept {
 
 // Computes floor(n / pow(10, N)) for small n and N.
 // Precondition: n <= pow(10, N + 1).
-template <int N> uint32_t small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) noexcept {
+template <int N> auto small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) noexcept -> uint32_t {
   constexpr auto info = div_small_pow10_infos[N - 1];
   FMT_ASSERT(n <= info.divisor * 10, "n is too large");
   constexpr uint32_t magic_number =
@@ -238,12 +244,12 @@ template <int N> uint32_t small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) noexcept {
 }
 
 // Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (float)
-inline uint32_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint32_t n) noexcept {
+inline auto divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint32_t n) noexcept -> uint32_t {
   // 1374389535 = ceil(2^37/100)
   return static_cast<uint32_t>((static_cast<uint64_t>(n) * 1374389535) >> 37);
 }
 // Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (double)
-inline uint64_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint64_t n) noexcept {
+inline auto divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint64_t n) noexcept -> uint64_t {
   // 2361183241434822607 = ceil(2^(64+7)/1000)
   return umul128_upper64(n, 2361183241434822607ull) >> 7;
 }
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
   using carrier_uint = float_info<float>::carrier_uint;
   using cache_entry_type = uint64_t;
 
-  static uint64_t get_cached_power(int k) noexcept {
+  static auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint64_t {
     FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<float>::min_k && k <= float_info<float>::max_k,
                "k is out of range");
     static constexpr const uint64_t pow10_significands[] = {
@@ -297,20 +303,23 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
     bool is_integer;
   };
 
-  static compute_mul_result compute_mul(
-      carrier_uint u, const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
+                          const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_result {
     auto r = umul96_upper64(u, cache);
     return {static_cast<carrier_uint>(r >> 32),
             static_cast<carrier_uint>(r) == 0};
   }
 
-  static uint32_t compute_delta(const cache_entry_type& cache,
-                                int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_delta(const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept
+      -> uint32_t {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache >> (64 - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static compute_mul_parity_result compute_mul_parity(
-      carrier_uint two_f, const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_parity_result {
     FMT_ASSERT(beta >= 1, "");
     FMT_ASSERT(beta < 64, "");
 
@@ -319,22 +328,22 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
             static_cast<uint32_t>(r >> (32 - beta)) == 0};
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
         (cache - (cache >> (num_significand_bits<float>() + 2))) >>
         (64 - num_significand_bits<float>() - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
         (cache + (cache >> (num_significand_bits<float>() + 1))) >>
         (64 - num_significand_bits<float>() - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return (static_cast<carrier_uint>(
                 cache >> (64 - num_significand_bits<float>() - 2 - beta)) +
             1) /
@@ -346,7 +355,7 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
   using carrier_uint = float_info<double>::carrier_uint;
   using cache_entry_type = uint128_fallback;
 
-  static uint128_fallback get_cached_power(int k) noexcept {
+  static auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint128_fallback {
     FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<double>::min_k && k <= float_info<double>::max_k,
                "k is out of range");
 
@@ -985,8 +994,7 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
       {0xe0accfa875af45a7, 0x93eb1b80a33b8606},
       {0x8c6c01c9498d8b88, 0xbc72f130660533c4},
       {0xaf87023b9bf0ee6a, 0xeb8fad7c7f8680b5},
-      { 0xdb68c2ca82ed2a05,
-        0xa67398db9f6820e2 }
+      {0xdb68c2ca82ed2a05, 0xa67398db9f6820e2},
 #else
       {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b},
       {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
@@ -1071,19 +1079,22 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
     bool is_integer;
   };
 
-  static compute_mul_result compute_mul(
-      carrier_uint u, const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
+                          const cache_entry_type& cache) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_result {
     auto r = umul192_upper128(u, cache);
     return {r.high(), r.low() == 0};
   }
 
-  static uint32_t compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache,
-                                int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache, int beta) noexcept
+      -> uint32_t {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache.high() >> (64 - 1 - beta));
   }
 
-  static compute_mul_parity_result compute_mul_parity(
-      carrier_uint two_f, const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta) noexcept
+      -> compute_mul_parity_result {
     FMT_ASSERT(beta >= 1, "");
     FMT_ASSERT(beta < 64, "");
 
@@ -1092,35 +1103,35 @@ template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
             ((r.high() << beta) | (r.low() >> (64 - beta))) == 0};
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return (cache.high() -
             (cache.high() >> (num_significand_bits<double>() + 2))) >>
            (64 - num_significand_bits<double>() - 1 - beta);
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return (cache.high() +
             (cache.high() >> (num_significand_bits<double>() + 1))) >>
            (64 - num_significand_bits<double>() - 1 - beta);
   }
 
-  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
-      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept {
+  static auto compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta) noexcept -> carrier_uint {
     return ((cache.high() >> (64 - num_significand_bits<double>() - 2 - beta)) +
             1) /
            2;
   }
 };
 
-FMT_FUNC uint128_fallback get_cached_power(int k) noexcept {
+FMT_FUNC auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint128_fallback {
   return cache_accessor<double>::get_cached_power(k);
 }
 
 // Various integer checks
 template <typename T>
-bool is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(int exponent) noexcept {
+auto is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(int exponent) noexcept -> bool {
   const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
   const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 3;
   return exponent >= case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
@@ -1132,7 +1143,7 @@ FMT_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint32_t& n, int s = 0) noexcept {
   FMT_ASSERT(n != 0, "");
   // Modular inverse of 5 (mod 2^32): (mod_inv_5 * 5) mod 2^32 = 1.
   constexpr uint32_t mod_inv_5 = 0xcccccccd;
-  constexpr uint32_t mod_inv_25 = 0xc28f5c29; // = mod_inv_5 * mod_inv_5
+  constexpr uint32_t mod_inv_25 = 0xc28f5c29;  // = mod_inv_5 * mod_inv_5
 
   while (true) {
     auto q = rotr(n * mod_inv_25, 2);
@@ -1168,7 +1179,7 @@ FMT_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint64_t& n) noexcept {
 
   // If n is not divisible by 10^8, work with n itself.
   constexpr uint64_t mod_inv_5 = 0xcccccccccccccccd;
-  constexpr uint64_t mod_inv_25 = 0x8f5c28f5c28f5c29; // = mod_inv_5 * mod_inv_5
+  constexpr uint64_t mod_inv_25 = 0x8f5c28f5c28f5c29;  // mod_inv_5 * mod_inv_5
 
   int s = 0;
   while (true) {
@@ -1234,7 +1245,7 @@ FMT_INLINE decimal_fp<T> shorter_interval_case(int exponent) noexcept {
   return ret_value;
 }
 
-template <typename T> decimal_fp<T> to_decimal(T x) noexcept {
+template <typename T> auto to_decimal(T x) noexcept -> decimal_fp<T> {
   // Step 1: integer promotion & Schubfach multiplier calculation.
 
   using carrier_uint = typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
@@ -1373,15 +1384,15 @@ template <> struct formatter<detail::bigint> {
     for (auto i = n.bigits_.size(); i > 0; --i) {
       auto value = n.bigits_[i - 1u];
       if (first) {
-        out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:x}"), value);
+        out = fmt::format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:x}"), value);
         first = false;
         continue;
       }
-      out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:08x}"), value);
+      out = fmt::format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:08x}"), value);
     }
     if (n.exp_ > 0)
-      out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("p{}"),
-                      n.exp_ * detail::bigint::bigit_bits);
+      out = fmt::format_to(out, FMT_STRING("p{}"),
+                           n.exp_ * detail::bigint::bigit_bits);
     return out;
   }
 };
@@ -1405,7 +1416,7 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                   const char* message) noexcept {
   FMT_TRY {
     auto ec = std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category());
-    write(std::back_inserter(out), std::system_error(ec, message).what());
+    detail::write(appender(out), std::system_error(ec, message).what());
     return;
   }
   FMT_CATCH(...) {}
@@ -1417,7 +1428,7 @@ FMT_FUNC void report_system_error(int error_code,
   report_error(format_system_error, error_code, message);
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC std::string vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC auto vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) -> std::string {
   // Don't optimize the "{}" case to keep the binary size small and because it
   // can be better optimized in fmt::format anyway.
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
@@ -1426,42 +1437,297 @@ FMT_FUNC std::string vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
 }
 
 namespace detail {
-#ifndef _WIN32
-FMT_FUNC bool write_console(std::FILE*, string_view) { return false; }
+
+template <typename T> struct span {
+  T* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename F> auto flockfile(F* f) -> decltype(_lock_file(f)) {
+  _lock_file(f);
+}
+template <typename F> auto funlockfile(F* f) -> decltype(_unlock_file(f)) {
+  _unlock_file(f);
+}
+
+#ifndef getc_unlocked
+template <typename F> auto getc_unlocked(F* f) -> decltype(_fgetc_nolock(f)) {
+  return _fgetc_nolock(f);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename F = FILE, typename Enable = void>
+struct has_flockfile : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename F>
+struct has_flockfile<F, void_t<decltype(flockfile(&std::declval<F&>()))>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// A FILE wrapper. F is FILE defined as a template parameter to make system API
+// detection work.
+template <typename F> class file_base {
+ public:
+  F* file_;
+
+ public:
+  file_base(F* file) : file_(file) {}
+  operator F*() const { return file_; }
+
+  // Reads a code unit from the stream.
+  auto get() -> int {
+    int result = getc_unlocked(file_);
+    if (result == EOF && ferror(file_) != 0)
+      FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("getc failed")));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Puts the code unit back into the stream buffer.
+  void unget(char c) {
+    if (ungetc(c, file_) == EOF)
+      FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("ungetc failed")));
+  }
+
+  void flush() { fflush(this->file_); }
+};
+
+// A FILE wrapper for glibc.
+template <typename F> class glibc_file : public file_base<F> {
+ private:
+  enum {
+    line_buffered = 0x200,  // _IO_LINE_BUF
+    unbuffered = 2          // _IO_UNBUFFERED
+  };
+
+ public:
+  using file_base<F>::file_base;
+
+  auto is_buffered() const -> bool {
+    return (this->file_->_flags & unbuffered) == 0;
+  }
+
+  void init_buffer() {
+    if (this->file_->_IO_write_ptr) return;
+    // Force buffer initialization by placing and removing a char in a buffer.
+    putc_unlocked(0, this->file_);
+    --this->file_->_IO_write_ptr;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the file's read buffer.
+  auto get_read_buffer() const -> span<const char> {
+    auto ptr = this->file_->_IO_read_ptr;
+    return {ptr, to_unsigned(this->file_->_IO_read_end - ptr)};
+  }
+
+  // Returns the file's write buffer.
+  auto get_write_buffer() const -> span<char> {
+    auto ptr = this->file_->_IO_write_ptr;
+    return {ptr, to_unsigned(this->file_->_IO_buf_end - ptr)};
+  }
+
+  void advance_write_buffer(size_t size) { this->file_->_IO_write_ptr += size; }
+
+  bool needs_flush() const {
+    if ((this->file_->_flags & line_buffered) == 0) return false;
+    char* end = this->file_->_IO_write_end;
+    return memchr(end, '\n', to_unsigned(this->file_->_IO_write_ptr - end));
+  }
+
+  void flush() { fflush_unlocked(this->file_); }
+};
+
+// A FILE wrapper for Apple's libc.
+template <typename F> class apple_file : public file_base<F> {
+ private:
+  enum {
+    line_buffered = 1,  // __SNBF
+    unbuffered = 2      // __SLBF
+  };
+
+ public:
+  using file_base<F>::file_base;
+
+  auto is_buffered() const -> bool {
+    return (this->file_->_flags & unbuffered) == 0;
+  }
+
+  void init_buffer() {
+    if (this->file_->_p) return;
+    // Force buffer initialization by placing and removing a char in a buffer.
+    putc_unlocked(0, this->file_);
+    --this->file_->_p;
+    ++this->file_->_w;
+  }
+
+  auto get_read_buffer() const -> span<const char> {
+    return {reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->file_->_p),
+            to_unsigned(this->file_->_r)};
+  }
+
+  auto get_write_buffer() const -> span<char> {
+    return {reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->file_->_p),
+            to_unsigned(this->file_->_bf._base + this->file_->_bf._size -
+                        this->file_->_p)};
+  }
+
+  void advance_write_buffer(size_t size) {
+    this->file_->_p += size;
+    this->file_->_w -= size;
+  }
+
+  bool needs_flush() const {
+    if ((this->file_->_flags & line_buffered) == 0) return false;
+    return memchr(this->file_->_p + this->file_->_w, '\n',
+                  to_unsigned(-this->file_->_w));
+  }
+};
+
+// A fallback FILE wrapper.
+template <typename F> class fallback_file : public file_base<F> {
+ private:
+  char next_;  // The next unconsumed character in the buffer.
+  bool has_next_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  using file_base<F>::file_base;
+
+  auto is_buffered() const -> bool { return false; }
+  auto needs_flush() const -> bool { return false; }
+  void init_buffer() {}
+
+  auto get_read_buffer() const -> span<const char> {
+    return {&next_, has_next_ ? 1u : 0u};
+  }
+
+  auto get_write_buffer() const -> span<char> { return {nullptr, 0}; }
+
+  void advance_write_buffer(size_t) {}
+
+  auto get() -> int {
+    has_next_ = false;
+    return file_base<F>::get();
+  }
+
+  void unget(char c) {
+    file_base<F>::unget(c);
+    next_ = c;
+    has_next_ = true;
+  }
+};
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE
+#  define FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE 1
+#endif
+
+template <typename F,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(sizeof(F::_p) != 0 && !FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE)>
+auto get_file(F* f, int) -> apple_file<F> {
+  return f;
+}
+template <typename F,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(sizeof(F::_IO_read_ptr) != 0 && !FMT_USE_FALLBACK_FILE)>
+inline auto get_file(F* f, int) -> glibc_file<F> {
+  return f;
+}
+
+inline auto get_file(FILE* f, ...) -> fallback_file<FILE> { return f; }
+
+using file_ref = decltype(get_file(static_cast<FILE*>(nullptr), 0));
+
+template <typename F = FILE, typename Enable = void>
+class file_print_buffer : public buffer<char> {
+ public:
+  explicit file_print_buffer(F*) : buffer(nullptr, size_t()) {}
+};
+
+template <typename F>
+class file_print_buffer<F, enable_if_t<has_flockfile<F>::value>>
+    : public buffer<char> {
+ private:
+  file_ref file_;
+
+  static void grow(buffer<char>& base, size_t) {
+    auto& self = static_cast<file_print_buffer&>(base);
+    self.file_.advance_write_buffer(self.size());
+    if (self.file_.get_write_buffer().size == 0) self.file_.flush();
+    auto buf = self.file_.get_write_buffer();
+    FMT_ASSERT(buf.size > 0, "");
+    self.set(buf.data, buf.size);
+    self.clear();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit file_print_buffer(F* f) : buffer(grow, size_t()), file_(f) {
+    flockfile(f);
+    file_.init_buffer();
+    auto buf = file_.get_write_buffer();
+    set(buf.data, buf.size);
+  }
+  ~file_print_buffer() {
+    file_.advance_write_buffer(size());
+    bool flush = file_.needs_flush();
+    F* f = file_;    // Make funlockfile depend on the template parameter F
+    funlockfile(f);  // for the system API detection to work.
+    if (flush) fflush(file_);
+  }
+};
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(FMT_USE_WRITE_CONSOLE)
+FMT_FUNC auto write_console(int, string_view) -> bool { return false; }
 #else
 using dword = conditional_t<sizeof(long) == 4, unsigned long, unsigned>;
 extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall WriteConsoleW(  //
     void*, const void*, dword, dword*, void*);
 
-FMT_FUNC bool write_console(std::FILE* f, string_view text) {
-  auto fd = _fileno(f);
-  if (!_isatty(fd)) return false;
+FMT_FUNC bool write_console(int fd, string_view text) {
   auto u16 = utf8_to_utf16(text);
-  auto written = dword();
   return WriteConsoleW(reinterpret_cast<void*>(_get_osfhandle(fd)), u16.c_str(),
-                       static_cast<uint32_t>(u16.size()), &written, nullptr) != 0;
+                       static_cast<dword>(u16.size()), nullptr, nullptr) != 0;
 }
+#endif
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
 // Print assuming legacy (non-Unicode) encoding.
-FMT_FUNC void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args,
+                              bool newline) {
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
-  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt,
-                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
-  fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+  if (newline) buffer.push_back('\n');
+  fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), f);
 }
 #endif
 
 FMT_FUNC void print(std::FILE* f, string_view text) {
-  if (!write_console(f, text)) fwrite_fully(text.data(), 1, text.size(), f);
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(FMT_USE_WRITE_CONSOLE)
+  int fd = _fileno(f);
+  if (_isatty(fd)) {
+    std::fflush(f);
+    if (write_console(fd, text)) return;
+  }
+#endif
+  fwrite_fully(text.data(), text.size(), f);
 }
 }  // namespace detail
 
-FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC void vprint_buffered(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
   detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
   detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
 }
 
+FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+  if (!detail::file_ref(f).is_buffered() || !detail::has_flockfile<>())
+    return vprint_buffered(f, fmt, args);
+  auto&& buffer = detail::file_print_buffer<>(f);
+  return detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void vprintln(std::FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+  auto buffer = memory_buffer();
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+  buffer.push_back('\n');
+  detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
+}
+
 FMT_FUNC void vprint(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
   vprint(stdout, fmt, args);
 }
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format.h
index 87a34b972..67f0ab739 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/format.h
@@ -33,20 +33,39 @@
 #ifndef FMT_FORMAT_H_
 #define FMT_FORMAT_H_
 
-#include <cmath>             // std::signbit
-#include <cstdint>           // uint32_t
-#include <cstring>           // std::memcpy
-#include <initializer_list>  // std::initializer_list
-#include <limits>            // std::numeric_limits
-#include <memory>            // std::uninitialized_copy
-#include <stdexcept>         // std::runtime_error
-#include <system_error>      // std::system_error
-
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_bit_cast
-#  include <bit>  // std::bitcast
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES
+#  define _LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES
+#  define FMT_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES
 #endif
 
-#include "core.h"
+#include "base.h"
+
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <cmath>             // std::signbit
+#  include <cstdint>           // uint32_t
+#  include <cstring>           // std::memcpy
+#  include <initializer_list>  // std::initializer_list
+#  include <limits>            // std::numeric_limits
+#  if defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI)
+// Workaround for pre gcc 5 libstdc++.
+#    include <memory>  // std::allocator_traits
+#  endif
+#  include <stdexcept>     // std::runtime_error
+#  include <string>        // std::string
+#  include <system_error>  // std::system_error
+
+// Checking FMT_CPLUSPLUS for warning suppression in MSVC.
+#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<bit>) && FMT_CPLUSPLUS > 201703L
+#    include <bit>  // std::bit_cast
+#  endif
+
+// libc++ supports string_view in pre-c++17.
+#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<string_view>) && \
+      (FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION))
+#    include <string_view>
+#    define FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW
+#  endif
+#endif  // FMT_MODULE
 
 #if defined __cpp_inline_variables && __cpp_inline_variables >= 201606L
 #  define FMT_INLINE_VARIABLE inline
@@ -54,36 +73,11 @@
 #  define FMT_INLINE_VARIABLE
 #endif
 
-#if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough)
-#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
-#elif defined(__clang__)
-#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
-#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 700 && \
-    (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 520)
-#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[gnu::fallthrough]]
-#else
-#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
-#endif
-
-#ifndef FMT_DEPRECATED
-#  if FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated) || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1900
-#    define FMT_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
-#  else
-#    if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__LCC__)) || defined(__clang__)
-#      define FMT_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
-#    elif FMT_MSC_VERSION
-#      define FMT_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
-#    else
-#      define FMT_DEPRECATED /* deprecated */
-#    endif
-#  endif
-#endif
-
 #ifndef FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 #  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 202002L
 #    if FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(no_unique_address)
 #      define FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS [[no_unique_address]]
-// VS2019 v16.10 and later except clang-cl (https://reviews.llvm.org/D110485)
+// VS2019 v16.10 and later except clang-cl (https://reviews.llvm.org/D110485).
 #    elif (FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1929) && !FMT_CLANG_VERSION
 #      define FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS [[msvc::no_unique_address]]
 #    endif
@@ -93,10 +87,11 @@
 #  define FMT_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 #endif
 
-#if FMT_GCC_VERSION || defined(__clang__)
-#  define FMT_VISIBILITY(value) __attribute__((visibility(value)))
+// Visibility when compiled as a shared library/object.
+#if defined(FMT_LIB_EXPORT) || defined(FMT_SHARED)
+#  define FMT_SO_VISIBILITY(value) FMT_VISIBILITY(value)
 #else
-#  define FMT_VISIBILITY(value)
+#  define FMT_SO_VISIBILITY(value)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __has_builtin
@@ -111,6 +106,13 @@
 #  define FMT_NOINLINE
 #endif
 
+namespace std {
+template <> struct iterator_traits<fmt::appender> {
+  using iterator_category = output_iterator_tag;
+  using value_type = char;
+};
+}  // namespace std
+
 #ifndef FMT_THROW
 #  if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
 #    if FMT_MSC_VERSION || defined(__NVCC__)
@@ -134,14 +136,6 @@ FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
-#  define FMT_TRY try
-#  define FMT_CATCH(x) catch (x)
-#else
-#  define FMT_TRY if (true)
-#  define FMT_CATCH(x) if (false)
-#endif
-
 #ifndef FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
 #  if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(maybe_unused)
 #    define FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED [[maybe_unused]]
@@ -152,7 +146,10 @@ FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 #ifndef FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
 // EDG based compilers (Intel, NVIDIA, Elbrus, etc), GCC and MSVC support UDLs.
-#  if (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_user_literals) || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 407 || \
+//
+// GCC before 4.9 requires a space in `operator"" _a` which is invalid in later
+// compiler versions.
+#  if (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_user_literals) || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 409 || \
        FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1900) &&                                     \
       (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= /* UDL feature */ 480)
 #    define FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS 1
@@ -274,17 +271,9 @@ FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-template <typename...> struct disjunction : std::false_type {};
-template <typename P> struct disjunction<P> : P {};
-template <typename P1, typename... Pn>
-struct disjunction<P1, Pn...>
-    : conditional_t<bool(P1::value), P1, disjunction<Pn...>> {};
-
-template <typename...> struct conjunction : std::true_type {};
-template <typename P> struct conjunction<P> : P {};
-template <typename P1, typename... Pn>
-struct conjunction<P1, Pn...>
-    : conditional_t<bool(P1::value), conjunction<Pn...>, P1> {};
+template <typename Char, typename Traits, typename Allocator>
+struct is_contiguous<std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Allocator>>
+    : std::true_type {};
 
 namespace detail {
 
@@ -295,49 +284,12 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline void abort_fuzzing_if(bool condition) {
 #endif
 }
 
-template <typename CharT, CharT... C> struct string_literal {
-  static constexpr CharT value[sizeof...(C)] = {C...};
-  constexpr operator basic_string_view<CharT>() const {
-    return {value, sizeof...(C)};
-  }
-};
-
-#if FMT_CPLUSPLUS < 201703L
-template <typename CharT, CharT... C>
-constexpr CharT string_literal<CharT, C...>::value[sizeof...(C)];
+#if defined(FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW)
+template <typename Char> using std_string_view = std::basic_string_view<Char>;
+#else
+template <typename T> struct std_string_view {};
 #endif
 
-template <typename Streambuf> class formatbuf : public Streambuf {
- private:
-  using char_type = typename Streambuf::char_type;
-  using streamsize = decltype(std::declval<Streambuf>().sputn(nullptr, 0));
-  using int_type = typename Streambuf::int_type;
-  using traits_type = typename Streambuf::traits_type;
-
-  buffer<char_type>& buffer_;
-
- public:
-  explicit formatbuf(buffer<char_type>& buf) : buffer_(buf) {}
-
- protected:
-  // The put area is always empty. This makes the implementation simpler and has
-  // the advantage that the streambuf and the buffer are always in sync and
-  // sputc never writes into uninitialized memory. A disadvantage is that each
-  // call to sputc always results in a (virtual) call to overflow. There is no
-  // disadvantage here for sputn since this always results in a call to xsputn.
-
-  auto overflow(int_type ch) -> int_type override {
-    if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(ch, traits_type::eof()))
-      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<char_type>(ch));
-    return ch;
-  }
-
-  auto xsputn(const char_type* s, streamsize count) -> streamsize override {
-    buffer_.append(s, s + count);
-    return count;
-  }
-};
-
 // Implementation of std::bit_cast for pre-C++20.
 template <typename To, typename From, FMT_ENABLE_IF(sizeof(To) == sizeof(From))>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto bit_cast(const From& from) -> To {
@@ -373,8 +325,8 @@ class uint128_fallback {
   constexpr uint128_fallback(uint64_t hi, uint64_t lo) : lo_(lo), hi_(hi) {}
   constexpr uint128_fallback(uint64_t value = 0) : lo_(value), hi_(0) {}
 
-  constexpr uint64_t high() const noexcept { return hi_; }
-  constexpr uint64_t low() const noexcept { return lo_; }
+  constexpr auto high() const noexcept -> uint64_t { return hi_; }
+  constexpr auto low() const noexcept -> uint64_t { return lo_; }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   constexpr explicit operator T() const {
@@ -450,7 +402,7 @@ class uint128_fallback {
     hi_ &= n.hi_;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 uint128_fallback& operator+=(uint64_t n) noexcept {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator+=(uint64_t n) noexcept -> uint128_fallback& {
     if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
       lo_ += n;
       hi_ += (lo_ < n ? 1 : 0);
@@ -494,7 +446,8 @@ template <typename T> constexpr auto num_bits() -> int {
 }
 // std::numeric_limits<T>::digits may return 0 for 128-bit ints.
 template <> constexpr auto num_bits<int128_opt>() -> int { return 128; }
-template <> constexpr auto num_bits<uint128_t>() -> int { return 128; }
+template <> constexpr auto num_bits<uint128_opt>() -> int { return 128; }
+template <> constexpr auto num_bits<uint128_fallback>() -> int { return 128; }
 
 // A heterogeneous bit_cast used for converting 96-bit long double to uint128_t
 // and 128-bit pointers to uint128_fallback.
@@ -563,21 +516,22 @@ inline auto get_data(Container& c) -> typename Container::value_type* {
 
 // Attempts to reserve space for n extra characters in the output range.
 // Returns a pointer to the reserved range or a reference to it.
-template <typename Container, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_contiguous<Container>::value)>
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value&&
+                            is_contiguous<typename OutputIt::container>::value)>
 #if FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 307 && !FMT_ICC_VERSION
 __attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined")))
 #endif
 inline auto
-reserve(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it, size_t n) ->
-    typename Container::value_type* {
-  Container& c = get_container(it);
+reserve(OutputIt it, size_t n) -> typename OutputIt::value_type* {
+  auto& c = get_container(it);
   size_t size = c.size();
   c.resize(size + n);
   return get_data(c) + size;
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-inline auto reserve(buffer_appender<T> it, size_t n) -> buffer_appender<T> {
+inline auto reserve(basic_appender<T> it, size_t n) -> basic_appender<T> {
   buffer<T>& buf = get_container(it);
   buf.try_reserve(buf.size() + n);
   return it;
@@ -596,18 +550,21 @@ template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
 constexpr auto to_pointer(OutputIt, size_t) -> T* {
   return nullptr;
 }
-template <typename T> auto to_pointer(buffer_appender<T> it, size_t n) -> T* {
+template <typename T> auto to_pointer(basic_appender<T> it, size_t n) -> T* {
   buffer<T>& buf = get_container(it);
   auto size = buf.size();
+  buf.try_reserve(size + n);
   if (buf.capacity() < size + n) return nullptr;
   buf.try_resize(size + n);
   return buf.data() + size;
 }
 
-template <typename Container, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_contiguous<Container>::value)>
-inline auto base_iterator(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it,
-                          typename Container::value_type*)
-    -> std::back_insert_iterator<Container> {
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_back_insert_iterator<OutputIt>::value&&
+                            is_contiguous<typename OutputIt::container>::value)>
+inline auto base_iterator(OutputIt it,
+                          typename OutputIt::container_type::value_type*)
+    -> OutputIt {
   return it;
 }
 
@@ -633,16 +590,10 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto fill_n(T* out, Size count, char value) -> T* {
   return out + count;
 }
 
-#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
-using char8_type = char8_t;
-#else
-enum char8_type : unsigned char {};
-#endif
-
 template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_NOINLINE auto copy_str_noinline(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
-                                                  OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  return copy_str<OutChar>(begin, end, out);
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_NOINLINE auto copy_noinline(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
+                                              OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+  return copy<OutChar>(begin, end, out);
 }
 
 // A public domain branchless UTF-8 decoder by Christopher Wellons:
@@ -723,7 +674,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR void for_each_codepoint(string_view s, F f) {
   }
   if (auto num_chars_left = s.data() + s.size() - p) {
     char buf[2 * block_size - 1] = {};
-    copy_str<char>(p, p + num_chars_left, buf);
+    copy<char>(p, p + num_chars_left, buf);
     const char* buf_ptr = buf;
     do {
       auto end = decode(buf_ptr, p);
@@ -740,7 +691,7 @@ inline auto compute_width(basic_string_view<Char> s) -> size_t {
 }
 
 // Computes approximate display width of a UTF-8 string.
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline size_t compute_width(string_view s) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto compute_width(string_view s) -> size_t {
   size_t num_code_points = 0;
   // It is not a lambda for compatibility with C++14.
   struct count_code_points {
@@ -774,11 +725,6 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline size_t compute_width(string_view s) {
   return num_code_points;
 }
 
-inline auto compute_width(basic_string_view<char8_type> s) -> size_t {
-  return compute_width(
-      string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s.data()), s.size()));
-}
-
 template <typename Char>
 inline auto code_point_index(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t n) -> size_t {
   size_t size = s.size();
@@ -787,18 +733,17 @@ inline auto code_point_index(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t n) -> size_t {
 
 // Calculates the index of the nth code point in a UTF-8 string.
 inline auto code_point_index(string_view s, size_t n) -> size_t {
-  const char* data = s.data();
-  size_t num_code_points = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0, size = s.size(); i != size; ++i) {
-    if ((data[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80 && ++num_code_points > n) return i;
-  }
-  return s.size();
-}
-
-inline auto code_point_index(basic_string_view<char8_type> s, size_t n)
-    -> size_t {
-  return code_point_index(
-      string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s.data()), s.size()), n);
+  size_t result = s.size();
+  const char* begin = s.begin();
+  for_each_codepoint(s, [begin, &n, &result](uint32_t, string_view sv) {
+    if (n != 0) {
+      --n;
+      return true;
+    }
+    result = to_unsigned(sv.begin() - begin);
+    return false;
+  });
+  return result;
 }
 
 template <typename T> struct is_integral : std::is_integral<T> {};
@@ -826,28 +771,22 @@ using is_integer =
 #  define FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE 1
 #endif
 
-#ifndef FMT_USE_FLOAT128
-#  ifdef __clang__
-// Clang emulates GCC, so it has to appear early.
-#    if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<quadmath.h>)
-#      define FMT_USE_FLOAT128 1
-#    endif
-#  elif defined(__GNUC__)
-// GNU C++:
-#    if defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_FLOAT128) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
-#      define FMT_USE_FLOAT128 1
-#    endif
-#  endif
-#  ifndef FMT_USE_FLOAT128
-#    define FMT_USE_FLOAT128 0
-#  endif
+#if defined(FMT_USE_FLOAT128)
+// Use the provided definition.
+#elif FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<quadmath.h>)
+#  define FMT_USE_FLOAT128 1
+#elif FMT_GCC_VERSION && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_FLOAT128) && \
+    !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+#  define FMT_USE_FLOAT128 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_FLOAT128 0
 #endif
-
 #if FMT_USE_FLOAT128
 using float128 = __float128;
 #else
 using float128 = void;
 #endif
+
 template <typename T> using is_float128 = std::is_same<T, float128>;
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -866,20 +805,6 @@ using is_double_double = bool_constant<std::numeric_limits<T>::digits == 106>;
 #  define FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX 0
 #endif
 
-template <typename T>
-template <typename U>
-void buffer<T>::append(const U* begin, const U* end) {
-  while (begin != end) {
-    auto count = to_unsigned(end - begin);
-    try_reserve(size_ + count);
-    auto free_cap = capacity_ - size_;
-    if (free_cap < count) count = free_cap;
-    std::uninitialized_copy_n(begin, count, ptr_ + size_);
-    size_ += count;
-    begin += count;
-  }
-}
-
 template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct is_locale : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T>
@@ -893,29 +818,21 @@ FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 enum { inline_buffer_size = 500 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  A dynamically growing memory buffer for trivially copyable/constructible types
-  with the first ``SIZE`` elements stored in the object itself.
-
-  You can use the ``memory_buffer`` type alias for ``char`` instead.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-     auto out = fmt::memory_buffer();
-     format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "The answer is {}.", 42);
-
-  This will append the following output to the ``out`` object:
-
-  .. code-block:: none
-
-     The answer is 42.
-
-  The output can be converted to an ``std::string`` with ``to_string(out)``.
-  \endrst
+ * A dynamically growing memory buffer for trivially copyable/constructible
+ * types with the first `SIZE` elements stored in the object itself. Most
+ * commonly used via the `memory_buffer` alias for `char`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto out = fmt::memory_buffer();
+ *     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "The answer is {}.", 42);
+ *
+ * This will append "The answer is 42." to `out`. The buffer content can be
+ * converted to `std::string` with `to_string(out)`.
  */
 template <typename T, size_t SIZE = inline_buffer_size,
           typename Allocator = std::allocator<T>>
-class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
+class basic_memory_buffer : public detail::buffer<T> {
  private:
   T store_[SIZE];
 
@@ -928,28 +845,28 @@ class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
     if (data != store_) alloc_.deallocate(data, this->capacity());
   }
 
- protected:
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(size_t size) override {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void grow(detail::buffer<T>& buf, size_t size) {
     detail::abort_fuzzing_if(size > 5000);
-    const size_t max_size = std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::max_size(alloc_);
-    size_t old_capacity = this->capacity();
+    auto& self = static_cast<basic_memory_buffer&>(buf);
+    const size_t max_size =
+        std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::max_size(self.alloc_);
+    size_t old_capacity = buf.capacity();
     size_t new_capacity = old_capacity + old_capacity / 2;
     if (size > new_capacity)
       new_capacity = size;
     else if (new_capacity > max_size)
       new_capacity = size > max_size ? size : max_size;
-    T* old_data = this->data();
-    T* new_data =
-        std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::allocate(alloc_, new_capacity);
+    T* old_data = buf.data();
+    T* new_data = self.alloc_.allocate(new_capacity);
     // Suppress a bogus -Wstringop-overflow in gcc 13.1 (#3481).
-    detail::assume(this->size() <= new_capacity);
+    detail::assume(buf.size() <= new_capacity);
     // The following code doesn't throw, so the raw pointer above doesn't leak.
-    std::uninitialized_copy_n(old_data, this->size(), new_data);
-    this->set(new_data, new_capacity);
+    memcpy(new_data, old_data, buf.size() * sizeof(T));
+    self.set(new_data, new_capacity);
     // deallocate must not throw according to the standard, but even if it does,
     // the buffer already uses the new storage and will deallocate it in
     // destructor.
-    if (old_data != store_) alloc_.deallocate(old_data, old_capacity);
+    if (old_data != self.store_) self.alloc_.deallocate(old_data, old_capacity);
   }
 
  public:
@@ -958,7 +875,7 @@ class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 explicit basic_memory_buffer(
       const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
-      : alloc_(alloc) {
+      : detail::buffer<T>(grow), alloc_(alloc) {
     this->set(store_, SIZE);
     if (detail::is_constant_evaluated()) detail::fill_n(store_, SIZE, T());
   }
@@ -972,7 +889,7 @@ class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
     size_t size = other.size(), capacity = other.capacity();
     if (data == other.store_) {
       this->set(store_, capacity);
-      detail::copy_str<T>(other.store_, other.store_ + size, store_);
+      detail::copy<T>(other.store_, other.store_ + size, store_);
     } else {
       this->set(data, capacity);
       // Set pointer to the inline array so that delete is not called
@@ -984,21 +901,14 @@ class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
   }
 
  public:
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Constructs a :class:`fmt::basic_memory_buffer` object moving the content
-    of the other object to it.
-    \endrst
-   */
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 basic_memory_buffer(basic_memory_buffer&& other) noexcept {
+  /// Constructs a `basic_memory_buffer` object moving the content of the other
+  /// object to it.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 basic_memory_buffer(basic_memory_buffer&& other) noexcept
+      : detail::buffer<T>(grow) {
     move(other);
   }
 
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Moves the content of the other ``basic_memory_buffer`` object to this one.
-    \endrst
-   */
+  /// Moves the content of the other `basic_memory_buffer` object to this one.
   auto operator=(basic_memory_buffer&& other) noexcept -> basic_memory_buffer& {
     FMT_ASSERT(this != &other, "");
     deallocate();
@@ -1009,16 +919,13 @@ class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
   // Returns a copy of the allocator associated with this buffer.
   auto get_allocator() const -> Allocator { return alloc_; }
 
-  /**
-    Resizes the buffer to contain *count* elements. If T is a POD type new
-    elements may not be initialized.
-   */
+  /// Resizes the buffer to contain `count` elements. If T is a POD type new
+  /// elements may not be initialized.
   FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void resize(size_t count) { this->try_resize(count); }
 
-  /** Increases the buffer capacity to *new_capacity*. */
+  /// Increases the buffer capacity to `new_capacity`.
   void reserve(size_t new_capacity) { this->try_reserve(new_capacity); }
 
-  // Directly append data into the buffer
   using detail::buffer<T>::append;
   template <typename ContiguousRange>
   void append(const ContiguousRange& range) {
@@ -1034,7 +941,7 @@ struct is_contiguous<basic_memory_buffer<T, SIZE, Allocator>> : std::true_type {
 
 FMT_END_EXPORT
 namespace detail {
-FMT_API bool write_console(std::FILE* f, string_view text);
+FMT_API auto write_console(int fd, string_view text) -> bool;
 FMT_API void print(std::FILE*, string_view);
 }  // namespace detail
 
@@ -1045,8 +952,8 @@ FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 #  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wweak-vtables"
 #endif
 
-/** An error reported from a formatting function. */
-class FMT_VISIBILITY("default") format_error : public std::runtime_error {
+/// An error reported from a formatting function.
+class FMT_SO_VISIBILITY("default") format_error : public std::runtime_error {
  public:
   using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
 };
@@ -1055,8 +962,8 @@ namespace detail_exported {
 #if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
 template <typename Char, size_t N> struct fixed_string {
   constexpr fixed_string(const Char (&str)[N]) {
-    detail::copy_str<Char, const Char*, Char*>(static_cast<const Char*>(str),
-                                               str + N, data);
+    detail::copy<Char, const Char*, Char*>(static_cast<const Char*>(str),
+                                           str + N, data);
   }
   Char data[N] = {};
 };
@@ -1071,12 +978,57 @@ constexpr auto compile_string_to_view(const Char (&s)[N])
   return {s, N - (std::char_traits<Char>::to_int_type(s[N - 1]) == 0 ? 1 : 0)};
 }
 template <typename Char>
-constexpr auto compile_string_to_view(detail::std_string_view<Char> s)
+constexpr auto compile_string_to_view(basic_string_view<Char> s)
     -> basic_string_view<Char> {
-  return {s.data(), s.size()};
+  return s;
 }
 }  // namespace detail_exported
 
+// A generic formatting context with custom output iterator and character
+// (code unit) support. Char is the format string code unit type which can be
+// different from OutputIt::value_type.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class generic_context {
+ private:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  basic_format_args<generic_context> args_;
+  detail::locale_ref loc_;
+
+ public:
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
+  template <typename T> using formatter_type = formatter<T, Char>;
+
+  constexpr generic_context(OutputIt out,
+                            basic_format_args<generic_context> ctx_args,
+                            detail::locale_ref loc = {})
+      : out_(out), args_(ctx_args), loc_(loc) {}
+  generic_context(generic_context&&) = default;
+  generic_context(const generic_context&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const generic_context&) = delete;
+
+  constexpr auto arg(int id) const -> basic_format_arg<generic_context> {
+    return args_.get(id);
+  }
+  auto arg(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> basic_format_arg<generic_context> {
+    return args_.get(name);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
+    return args_.get_id(name);
+  }
+  auto args() const -> const basic_format_args<generic_context>& {
+    return args_;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto out() -> iterator { return out_; }
+
+  void advance_to(iterator it) {
+    if (!detail::is_back_insert_iterator<iterator>()) out_ = it;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto locale() -> detail::locale_ref { return loc_; }
+};
+
 class loc_value {
  private:
   basic_format_arg<format_context> value_;
@@ -1089,7 +1041,7 @@ class loc_value {
   loc_value(T) {}
 
   template <typename Visitor> auto visit(Visitor&& vis) -> decltype(vis(0)) {
-    return visit_format_arg(vis, value_);
+    return value_.visit(vis);
   }
 };
 
@@ -1103,7 +1055,7 @@ template <typename Locale> class format_facet : public Locale::facet {
 
  protected:
   virtual auto do_put(appender out, loc_value val,
-                      const format_specs<>& specs) const -> bool;
+                      const format_specs& specs) const -> bool;
 
  public:
   static FMT_API typename Locale::id id;
@@ -1116,12 +1068,14 @@ template <typename Locale> class format_facet : public Locale::facet {
         grouping_(g.begin(), g.end()),
         decimal_point_(decimal_point) {}
 
-  auto put(appender out, loc_value val, const format_specs<>& specs) const
+  auto put(appender out, loc_value val, const format_specs& specs) const
       -> bool {
     return do_put(out, val, specs);
   }
 };
 
+FMT_END_EXPORT
+
 namespace detail {
 
 // Returns true if value is negative, false otherwise.
@@ -1153,13 +1107,13 @@ using uint32_or_64_or_128_t =
 template <typename T>
 using uint64_or_128_t = conditional_t<num_bits<T>() <= 64, uint64_t, uint128_t>;
 
-#define FMT_POWERS_OF_10(factor)                                             \
-  factor * 10, (factor)*100, (factor)*1000, (factor)*10000, (factor)*100000, \
-      (factor)*1000000, (factor)*10000000, (factor)*100000000,               \
-      (factor)*1000000000
+#define FMT_POWERS_OF_10(factor)                                  \
+  factor * 10, (factor) * 100, (factor) * 1000, (factor) * 10000, \
+      (factor) * 100000, (factor) * 1000000, (factor) * 10000000, \
+      (factor) * 100000000, (factor) * 1000000000
 
 // Converts value in the range [0, 100) to a string.
-constexpr const char* digits2(size_t value) {
+constexpr auto digits2(size_t value) -> const char* {
   // GCC generates slightly better code when value is pointer-size.
   return &"0001020304050607080910111213141516171819"
          "2021222324252627282930313233343536373839"
@@ -1169,11 +1123,11 @@ constexpr const char* digits2(size_t value) {
 }
 
 // Sign is a template parameter to workaround a bug in gcc 4.8.
-template <typename Char, typename Sign> constexpr Char sign(Sign s) {
+template <typename Char, typename Sign> constexpr auto sign(Sign s) -> Char {
 #if !FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 604
   static_assert(std::is_same<Sign, sign_t>::value, "");
 #endif
-  return static_cast<Char>("\0-+ "[s]);
+  return static_cast<char>(((' ' << 24) | ('+' << 16) | ('-' << 8)) >> (s * 8));
 }
 
 template <typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto count_digits_fallback(T n) -> int {
@@ -1221,9 +1175,7 @@ inline auto do_count_digits(uint64_t n) -> int {
 // except for n == 0 in which case count_digits returns 1.
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 inline auto count_digits(uint64_t n) -> int {
 #ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL
-  if (!is_constant_evaluated()) {
-    return do_count_digits(n);
-  }
+  if (!is_constant_evaluated()) return do_count_digits(n);
 #endif
   return count_digits_fallback(n);
 }
@@ -1369,7 +1321,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto format_decimal(Iterator out, UInt value, int size)
   // Buffer is large enough to hold all digits (digits10 + 1).
   Char buffer[digits10<UInt>() + 1] = {};
   auto end = format_decimal(buffer, value, size).end;
-  return {out, detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer, end, out)};
+  return {out, detail::copy_noinline<Char>(buffer, end, out)};
 }
 
 template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char, typename UInt>
@@ -1394,9 +1346,9 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto format_uint(It out, UInt value, int num_digits,
     return out;
   }
   // Buffer should be large enough to hold all digits (digits / BASE_BITS + 1).
-  char buffer[num_bits<UInt>() / BASE_BITS + 1];
+  char buffer[num_bits<UInt>() / BASE_BITS + 1] = {};
   format_uint<BASE_BITS>(buffer, value, num_digits, upper);
-  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer, buffer + num_digits, out);
+  return detail::copy_noinline<Char>(buffer, buffer + num_digits, out);
 }
 
 // A converter from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
@@ -1430,22 +1382,23 @@ template <typename WChar, typename Buffer = memory_buffer> class to_utf8 {
                                                       : "invalid utf32"));
   }
   operator string_view() const { return string_view(&buffer_[0], size()); }
-  size_t size() const { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
-  const char* c_str() const { return &buffer_[0]; }
-  std::string str() const { return std::string(&buffer_[0], size()); }
+  auto size() const -> size_t { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
+  auto c_str() const -> const char* { return &buffer_[0]; }
+  auto str() const -> std::string { return std::string(&buffer_[0], size()); }
 
   // Performs conversion returning a bool instead of throwing exception on
   // conversion error. This method may still throw in case of memory allocation
   // error.
-  bool convert(basic_string_view<WChar> s,
-               to_utf8_error_policy policy = to_utf8_error_policy::abort) {
+  auto convert(basic_string_view<WChar> s,
+               to_utf8_error_policy policy = to_utf8_error_policy::abort)
+      -> bool {
     if (!convert(buffer_, s, policy)) return false;
     buffer_.push_back(0);
     return true;
   }
-  static bool convert(
-      Buffer& buf, basic_string_view<WChar> s,
-      to_utf8_error_policy policy = to_utf8_error_policy::abort) {
+  static auto convert(Buffer& buf, basic_string_view<WChar> s,
+                      to_utf8_error_policy policy = to_utf8_error_policy::abort)
+      -> bool {
     for (auto p = s.begin(); p != s.end(); ++p) {
       uint32_t c = static_cast<uint32_t>(*p);
       if (sizeof(WChar) == 2 && c >= 0xd800 && c <= 0xdfff) {
@@ -1481,7 +1434,7 @@ template <typename WChar, typename Buffer = memory_buffer> class to_utf8 {
 };
 
 // Computes 128-bit result of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
-inline uint128_fallback umul128(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul128(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept -> uint128_fallback {
 #if FMT_USE_INT128
   auto p = static_cast<uint128_opt>(x) * static_cast<uint128_opt>(y);
   return {static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64), static_cast<uint64_t>(p)};
@@ -1512,19 +1465,19 @@ inline uint128_fallback umul128(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
 namespace dragonbox {
 // Computes floor(log10(pow(2, e))) for e in [-2620, 2620] using the method from
 // https://fmt.dev/papers/Dragonbox.pdf#page=28, section 6.1.
-inline int floor_log10_pow2(int e) noexcept {
+inline auto floor_log10_pow2(int e) noexcept -> int {
   FMT_ASSERT(e <= 2620 && e >= -2620, "too large exponent");
   static_assert((-1 >> 1) == -1, "right shift is not arithmetic");
   return (e * 315653) >> 20;
 }
 
-inline int floor_log2_pow10(int e) noexcept {
+inline auto floor_log2_pow10(int e) noexcept -> int {
   FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1233 && e >= -1233, "too large exponent");
   return (e * 1741647) >> 19;
 }
 
 // Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
-inline uint64_t umul128_upper64(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul128_upper64(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept -> uint64_t {
 #if FMT_USE_INT128
   auto p = static_cast<uint128_opt>(x) * static_cast<uint128_opt>(y);
   return static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
@@ -1537,14 +1490,14 @@ inline uint64_t umul128_upper64(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) noexcept {
 
 // Computes upper 128 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
 // 128-bit unsigned integer.
-inline uint128_fallback umul192_upper128(uint64_t x,
-                                         uint128_fallback y) noexcept {
+inline auto umul192_upper128(uint64_t x, uint128_fallback y) noexcept
+    -> uint128_fallback {
   uint128_fallback r = umul128(x, y.high());
   r += umul128_upper64(x, y.low());
   return r;
 }
 
-FMT_API uint128_fallback get_cached_power(int k) noexcept;
+FMT_API auto get_cached_power(int k) noexcept -> uint128_fallback;
 
 // Type-specific information that Dragonbox uses.
 template <typename T, typename Enable = void> struct float_info;
@@ -1598,14 +1551,14 @@ template <typename T> FMT_API auto to_decimal(T x) noexcept -> decimal_fp<T>;
 }  // namespace dragonbox
 
 // Returns true iff Float has the implicit bit which is not stored.
-template <typename Float> constexpr bool has_implicit_bit() {
+template <typename Float> constexpr auto has_implicit_bit() -> bool {
   // An 80-bit FP number has a 64-bit significand an no implicit bit.
   return std::numeric_limits<Float>::digits != 64;
 }
 
 // Returns the number of significand bits stored in Float. The implicit bit is
 // not counted since it is not stored.
-template <typename Float> constexpr int num_significand_bits() {
+template <typename Float> constexpr auto num_significand_bits() -> int {
   // std::numeric_limits may not support __float128.
   return is_float128<Float>() ? 112
                               : (std::numeric_limits<Float>::digits -
@@ -1698,7 +1651,7 @@ using fp = basic_fp<unsigned long long>;
 
 // Normalizes the value converted from double and multiplied by (1 << SHIFT).
 template <int SHIFT = 0, typename F>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_fp<F> normalize(basic_fp<F> value) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto normalize(basic_fp<F> value) -> basic_fp<F> {
   // Handle subnormals.
   const auto implicit_bit = F(1) << num_significand_bits<double>();
   const auto shifted_implicit_bit = implicit_bit << SHIFT;
@@ -1715,7 +1668,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_fp<F> normalize(basic_fp<F> value) {
 }
 
 // Computes lhs * rhs / pow(2, 64) rounded to nearest with half-up tie breaking.
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint64_t multiply(uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto multiply(uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) -> uint64_t {
 #if FMT_USE_INT128
   auto product = static_cast<__uint128_t>(lhs) * rhs;
   auto f = static_cast<uint64_t>(product >> 64);
@@ -1732,33 +1685,10 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR inline uint64_t multiply(uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) {
 #endif
 }
 
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline fp operator*(fp x, fp y) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto operator*(fp x, fp y) -> fp {
   return {multiply(x.f, y.f), x.e + y.e + 64};
 }
 
-template <typename T = void> struct basic_data {
-  // For checking rounding thresholds.
-  // The kth entry is chosen to be the smallest integer such that the
-  // upper 32-bits of 10^(k+1) times it is strictly bigger than 5 * 10^k.
-  static constexpr uint32_t fractional_part_rounding_thresholds[8] = {
-      2576980378U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^1)
-      2190433321U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^2)
-      2151778616U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^3)
-      2147913145U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^4)
-      2147526598U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^5)
-      2147487943U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^6)
-      2147484078U,  // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^7)
-      2147483691U   // ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^8)
-  };
-};
-// This is a struct rather than an alias to avoid shadowing warnings in gcc.
-struct data : basic_data<> {};
-
-#if FMT_CPLUSPLUS < 201703L
-template <typename T>
-constexpr uint32_t basic_data<T>::fractional_part_rounding_thresholds[];
-#endif
-
 template <typename T, bool doublish = num_bits<T>() == num_bits<double>()>
 using convert_float_result =
     conditional_t<std::is_same<T, float>::value || doublish, double, T>;
@@ -1768,23 +1698,23 @@ constexpr auto convert_float(T value) -> convert_float_result<T> {
   return static_cast<convert_float_result<T>>(value);
 }
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
-FMT_NOINLINE FMT_CONSTEXPR auto fill(OutputIt it, size_t n,
-                                     const fill_t<Char>& fill) -> OutputIt {
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_NOINLINE FMT_CONSTEXPR auto fill(OutputIt it, size_t n, const fill_t& fill)
+    -> OutputIt {
   auto fill_size = fill.size();
-  if (fill_size == 1) return detail::fill_n(it, n, fill[0]);
-  auto data = fill.data();
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-    it = copy_str<Char>(data, data + fill_size, it);
+  if (fill_size == 1) return detail::fill_n(it, n, fill.template get<Char>());
+  if (const Char* data = fill.template data<Char>()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) it = copy<Char>(data, data + fill_size, it);
+  }
   return it;
 }
 
 // Writes the output of f, padded according to format specifications in specs.
 // size: output size in code units.
 // width: output display width in (terminal) column positions.
-template <align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+template <typename Char, align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt,
           typename F>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write_padded(OutputIt out, const format_specs<Char>& specs,
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write_padded(OutputIt out, const format_specs& specs,
                                 size_t size, size_t width, F&& f) -> OutputIt {
   static_assert(align == align::left || align == align::right, "");
   unsigned spec_width = to_unsigned(specs.width);
@@ -1795,31 +1725,31 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write_padded(OutputIt out, const format_specs<Char>& specs,
   size_t left_padding = padding >> shifts[specs.align];
   size_t right_padding = padding - left_padding;
   auto it = reserve(out, size + padding * specs.fill.size());
-  if (left_padding != 0) it = fill(it, left_padding, specs.fill);
+  if (left_padding != 0) it = fill<Char>(it, left_padding, specs.fill);
   it = f(it);
-  if (right_padding != 0) it = fill(it, right_padding, specs.fill);
+  if (right_padding != 0) it = fill<Char>(it, right_padding, specs.fill);
   return base_iterator(out, it);
 }
 
-template <align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+template <typename Char, align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt,
           typename F>
-constexpr auto write_padded(OutputIt out, const format_specs<Char>& specs,
+constexpr auto write_padded(OutputIt out, const format_specs& specs,
                             size_t size, F&& f) -> OutputIt {
-  return write_padded<align>(out, specs, size, size, f);
+  return write_padded<Char, align>(out, specs, size, size, f);
 }
 
-template <align::type align = align::left, typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+template <typename Char, align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write_bytes(OutputIt out, string_view bytes,
-                               const format_specs<Char>& specs) -> OutputIt {
-  return write_padded<align>(
+                               const format_specs& specs = {}) -> OutputIt {
+  return write_padded<Char, align>(
       out, specs, bytes.size(), [bytes](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
         const char* data = bytes.data();
-        return copy_str<Char>(data, data + bytes.size(), it);
+        return copy<Char>(data, data + bytes.size(), it);
       });
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename UIntPtr>
-auto write_ptr(OutputIt out, UIntPtr value, const format_specs<Char>* specs)
+auto write_ptr(OutputIt out, UIntPtr value, const format_specs* specs)
     -> OutputIt {
   int num_digits = count_digits<4>(value);
   auto size = to_unsigned(num_digits) + size_t(2);
@@ -1828,7 +1758,7 @@ auto write_ptr(OutputIt out, UIntPtr value, const format_specs<Char>* specs)
     *it++ = static_cast<Char>('x');
     return format_uint<4, Char>(it, value, num_digits);
   };
-  return specs ? write_padded<align::right>(out, *specs, size, write)
+  return specs ? write_padded<Char, align::right>(out, *specs, size, write)
                : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
 }
 
@@ -1846,17 +1776,11 @@ template <typename Char> struct find_escape_result {
   uint32_t cp;
 };
 
-template <typename Char>
-using make_unsigned_char =
-    typename conditional_t<std::is_integral<Char>::value,
-                           std::make_unsigned<Char>,
-                           type_identity<uint32_t>>::type;
-
 template <typename Char>
 auto find_escape(const Char* begin, const Char* end)
     -> find_escape_result<Char> {
   for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
-    uint32_t cp = static_cast<make_unsigned_char<Char>>(*begin);
+    uint32_t cp = static_cast<unsigned_char<Char>>(*begin);
     if (const_check(sizeof(Char) == 1) && cp >= 0x80) continue;
     if (needs_escape(cp)) return {begin, begin + 1, cp};
   }
@@ -1865,7 +1789,7 @@ auto find_escape(const Char* begin, const Char* end)
 
 inline auto find_escape(const char* begin, const char* end)
     -> find_escape_result<char> {
-  if (!is_utf8()) return find_escape<char>(begin, end);
+  if (!use_utf8()) return find_escape<char>(begin, end);
   auto result = find_escape_result<char>{end, nullptr, 0};
   for_each_codepoint(string_view(begin, to_unsigned(end - begin)),
                      [&](uint32_t cp, string_view sv) {
@@ -1893,14 +1817,12 @@ inline auto find_escape(const char* begin, const char* end)
   }()
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Constructs a compile-time format string from a string literal *s*.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    // A compile-time error because 'd' is an invalid specifier for strings.
-    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:d}"), "foo");
-  \endrst
+ * Constructs a compile-time format string from a string literal `s`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     // A compile-time error because 'd' is an invalid specifier for strings.
+ *     std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:d}"), "foo");
  */
 #define FMT_STRING(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::detail::compile_string, )
 
@@ -1911,7 +1833,7 @@ auto write_codepoint(OutputIt out, char prefix, uint32_t cp) -> OutputIt {
   Char buf[width];
   fill_n(buf, width, static_cast<Char>('0'));
   format_uint<4>(buf, cp, width);
-  return copy_str<Char>(buf, buf + width, out);
+  return copy<Char>(buf, buf + width, out);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
@@ -1939,15 +1861,11 @@ auto write_escaped_cp(OutputIt out, const find_escape_result<Char>& escape)
     *out++ = static_cast<Char>('\\');
     break;
   default:
-    if (escape.cp < 0x100) {
-      return write_codepoint<2, Char>(out, 'x', escape.cp);
-    }
-    if (escape.cp < 0x10000) {
+    if (escape.cp < 0x100) return write_codepoint<2, Char>(out, 'x', escape.cp);
+    if (escape.cp < 0x10000)
       return write_codepoint<4, Char>(out, 'u', escape.cp);
-    }
-    if (escape.cp < 0x110000) {
+    if (escape.cp < 0x110000)
       return write_codepoint<8, Char>(out, 'U', escape.cp);
-    }
     for (Char escape_char : basic_string_view<Char>(
              escape.begin, to_unsigned(escape.end - escape.begin))) {
       out = write_codepoint<2, Char>(out, 'x',
@@ -1966,7 +1884,7 @@ auto write_escaped_string(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> str)
   auto begin = str.begin(), end = str.end();
   do {
     auto escape = find_escape(begin, end);
-    out = copy_str<Char>(begin, escape.begin, out);
+    out = copy<Char>(begin, escape.begin, out);
     begin = escape.end;
     if (!begin) break;
     out = write_escaped_cp<OutputIt, Char>(out, escape);
@@ -1977,11 +1895,13 @@ auto write_escaped_string(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> str)
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 auto write_escaped_char(OutputIt out, Char v) -> OutputIt {
+  Char v_array[1] = {v};
   *out++ = static_cast<Char>('\'');
   if ((needs_escape(static_cast<uint32_t>(v)) && v != static_cast<Char>('"')) ||
       v == static_cast<Char>('\'')) {
-    out = write_escaped_cp(
-        out, find_escape_result<Char>{&v, &v + 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(v)});
+    out = write_escaped_cp(out,
+                           find_escape_result<Char>{v_array, v_array + 1,
+                                                    static_cast<uint32_t>(v)});
   } else {
     *out++ = v;
   }
@@ -1991,24 +1911,23 @@ auto write_escaped_char(OutputIt out, Char v) -> OutputIt {
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write_char(OutputIt out, Char value,
-                              const format_specs<Char>& specs) -> OutputIt {
+                              const format_specs& specs) -> OutputIt {
   bool is_debug = specs.type == presentation_type::debug;
-  return write_padded(out, specs, 1, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+  return write_padded<Char>(out, specs, 1, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
     if (is_debug) return write_escaped_char(it, value);
     *it++ = value;
     return it;
   });
 }
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, Char value,
-                         const format_specs<Char>& specs, locale_ref loc = {})
-    -> OutputIt {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, Char value, const format_specs& specs,
+                         locale_ref loc = {}) -> OutputIt {
   // char is formatted as unsigned char for consistency across platforms.
   using unsigned_type =
       conditional_t<std::is_same<Char, char>::value, unsigned char, unsigned>;
   return check_char_specs(specs)
-             ? write_char(out, value, specs)
-             : write(out, static_cast<unsigned_type>(value), specs, loc);
+             ? write_char<Char>(out, value, specs)
+             : write<Char>(out, static_cast<unsigned_type>(value), specs, loc);
 }
 
 // Data for write_int that doesn't depend on output iterator type. It is used to
@@ -2018,7 +1937,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct write_int_data {
   size_t padding;
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR write_int_data(int num_digits, unsigned prefix,
-                               const format_specs<Char>& specs)
+                               const format_specs& specs)
       : size((prefix >> 24) + to_unsigned(num_digits)), padding(0) {
     if (specs.align == align::numeric) {
       auto width = to_unsigned(specs.width);
@@ -2037,10 +1956,10 @@ template <typename Char> struct write_int_data {
 //   <left-padding><prefix><numeric-padding><digits><right-padding>
 // where <digits> are written by write_digits(it).
 // prefix contains chars in three lower bytes and the size in the fourth byte.
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename W>
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename W>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write_int(OutputIt out, int num_digits,
                                         unsigned prefix,
-                                        const format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                        const format_specs& specs,
                                         W write_digits) -> OutputIt {
   // Slightly faster check for specs.width == 0 && specs.precision == -1.
   if ((specs.width | (specs.precision + 1)) == 0) {
@@ -2052,7 +1971,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write_int(OutputIt out, int num_digits,
     return base_iterator(out, write_digits(it));
   }
   auto data = write_int_data<Char>(num_digits, prefix, specs);
-  return write_padded<align::right>(
+  return write_padded<Char, align::right>(
       out, specs, data.size, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
         for (unsigned p = prefix & 0xffffff; p != 0; p >>= 8)
           *it++ = static_cast<Char>(p & 0xff);
@@ -2070,10 +1989,10 @@ template <typename Char> class digit_grouping {
     std::string::const_iterator group;
     int pos;
   };
-  next_state initial_state() const { return {grouping_.begin(), 0}; }
+  auto initial_state() const -> next_state { return {grouping_.begin(), 0}; }
 
   // Returns the next digit group separator position.
-  int next(next_state& state) const {
+  auto next(next_state& state) const -> int {
     if (thousands_sep_.empty()) return max_value<int>();
     if (state.group == grouping_.end()) return state.pos += grouping_.back();
     if (*state.group <= 0 || *state.group == max_value<char>())
@@ -2092,9 +2011,9 @@ template <typename Char> class digit_grouping {
   digit_grouping(std::string grouping, std::basic_string<Char> sep)
       : grouping_(std::move(grouping)), thousands_sep_(std::move(sep)) {}
 
-  bool has_separator() const { return !thousands_sep_.empty(); }
+  auto has_separator() const -> bool { return !thousands_sep_.empty(); }
 
-  int count_separators(int num_digits) const {
+  auto count_separators(int num_digits) const -> int {
     int count = 0;
     auto state = initial_state();
     while (num_digits > next(state)) ++count;
@@ -2103,7 +2022,7 @@ template <typename Char> class digit_grouping {
 
   // Applies grouping to digits and write the output to out.
   template <typename Out, typename C>
-  Out apply(Out out, basic_string_view<C> digits) const {
+  auto apply(Out out, basic_string_view<C> digits) const -> Out {
     auto num_digits = static_cast<int>(digits.size());
     auto separators = basic_memory_buffer<int>();
     separators.push_back(0);
@@ -2115,9 +2034,8 @@ template <typename Char> class digit_grouping {
     for (int i = 0, sep_index = static_cast<int>(separators.size() - 1);
          i < num_digits; ++i) {
       if (num_digits - i == separators[sep_index]) {
-        out =
-            copy_str<Char>(thousands_sep_.data(),
-                           thousands_sep_.data() + thousands_sep_.size(), out);
+        out = copy<Char>(thousands_sep_.data(),
+                         thousands_sep_.data() + thousands_sep_.size(), out);
         --sep_index;
       }
       *out++ = static_cast<Char>(digits[to_unsigned(i)]);
@@ -2126,41 +2044,71 @@ template <typename Char> class digit_grouping {
   }
 };
 
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline void prefix_append(unsigned& prefix, unsigned value) {
+  prefix |= prefix != 0 ? value << 8 : value;
+  prefix += (1u + (value > 0xff ? 1 : 0)) << 24;
+}
+
 // Writes a decimal integer with digit grouping.
 template <typename OutputIt, typename UInt, typename Char>
 auto write_int(OutputIt out, UInt value, unsigned prefix,
-               const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-               const digit_grouping<Char>& grouping) -> OutputIt {
+               const format_specs& specs, const digit_grouping<Char>& grouping)
+    -> OutputIt {
   static_assert(std::is_same<uint64_or_128_t<UInt>, UInt>::value, "");
-  int num_digits = count_digits(value);
-  char digits[40];
-  format_decimal(digits, value, num_digits);
-  unsigned size = to_unsigned((prefix != 0 ? 1 : 0) + num_digits +
-                              grouping.count_separators(num_digits));
-  return write_padded<align::right>(
+  int num_digits = 0;
+  auto buffer = memory_buffer();
+  switch (specs.type) {
+  default:
+    FMT_ASSERT(false, "");
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case presentation_type::none:
+  case presentation_type::dec:
+    num_digits = count_digits(value);
+    format_decimal<char>(appender(buffer), value, num_digits);
+    break;
+  case presentation_type::hex:
+    if (specs.alt)
+      prefix_append(prefix, unsigned(specs.upper ? 'X' : 'x') << 8 | '0');
+    num_digits = count_digits<4>(value);
+    format_uint<4, char>(appender(buffer), value, num_digits, specs.upper);
+    break;
+  case presentation_type::oct:
+    num_digits = count_digits<3>(value);
+    // Octal prefix '0' is counted as a digit, so only add it if precision
+    // is not greater than the number of digits.
+    if (specs.alt && specs.precision <= num_digits && value != 0)
+      prefix_append(prefix, '0');
+    format_uint<3, char>(appender(buffer), value, num_digits);
+    break;
+  case presentation_type::bin:
+    if (specs.alt)
+      prefix_append(prefix, unsigned(specs.upper ? 'B' : 'b') << 8 | '0');
+    num_digits = count_digits<1>(value);
+    format_uint<1, char>(appender(buffer), value, num_digits);
+    break;
+  case presentation_type::chr:
+    return write_char<Char>(out, static_cast<Char>(value), specs);
+  }
+
+  unsigned size = (prefix != 0 ? prefix >> 24 : 0) + to_unsigned(num_digits) +
+                  to_unsigned(grouping.count_separators(num_digits));
+  return write_padded<Char, align::right>(
       out, specs, size, size, [&](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
-        if (prefix != 0) {
-          char sign = static_cast<char>(prefix);
-          *it++ = static_cast<Char>(sign);
-        }
-        return grouping.apply(it, string_view(digits, to_unsigned(num_digits)));
+        for (unsigned p = prefix & 0xffffff; p != 0; p >>= 8)
+          *it++ = static_cast<Char>(p & 0xff);
+        return grouping.apply(it, string_view(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
       });
 }
 
 // Writes a localized value.
-FMT_API auto write_loc(appender out, loc_value value,
-                       const format_specs<>& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool;
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
-inline auto write_loc(OutputIt, loc_value, const format_specs<Char>&,
-                      locale_ref) -> bool {
+FMT_API auto write_loc(appender out, loc_value value, const format_specs& specs,
+                       locale_ref loc) -> bool;
+template <typename OutputIt>
+inline auto write_loc(OutputIt, loc_value, const format_specs&, locale_ref)
+    -> bool {
   return false;
 }
 
-FMT_CONSTEXPR inline void prefix_append(unsigned& prefix, unsigned value) {
-  prefix |= prefix != 0 ? value << 8 : value;
-  prefix += (1u + (value > 0xff ? 1 : 0)) << 24;
-}
-
 template <typename UInt> struct write_int_arg {
   UInt abs_value;
   unsigned prefix;
@@ -2183,8 +2131,8 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_write_int_arg(T value, sign_t sign)
 }
 
 template <typename Char = char> struct loc_writer {
-  buffer_appender<Char> out;
-  const format_specs<Char>& specs;
+  basic_appender<Char> out;
+  const format_specs& specs;
   std::basic_string<Char> sep;
   std::string grouping;
   std::basic_string<Char> decimal_point;
@@ -2205,87 +2153,86 @@ template <typename Char = char> struct loc_writer {
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write_int(OutputIt out, write_int_arg<T> arg,
-                                        const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-                                        locale_ref) -> OutputIt {
+                                        const format_specs& specs, locale_ref)
+    -> OutputIt {
   static_assert(std::is_same<T, uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>::value, "");
   auto abs_value = arg.abs_value;
   auto prefix = arg.prefix;
   switch (specs.type) {
+  default:
+    FMT_ASSERT(false, "");
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
   case presentation_type::none:
   case presentation_type::dec: {
-    auto num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
-    return write_int(
+    int num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
+    return write_int<Char>(
         out, num_digits, prefix, specs, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
           return format_decimal<Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits).end;
         });
   }
-  case presentation_type::hex_lower:
-  case presentation_type::hex_upper: {
-    bool upper = specs.type == presentation_type::hex_upper;
+  case presentation_type::hex: {
     if (specs.alt)
-      prefix_append(prefix, unsigned(upper ? 'X' : 'x') << 8 | '0');
+      prefix_append(prefix, unsigned(specs.upper ? 'X' : 'x') << 8 | '0');
     int num_digits = count_digits<4>(abs_value);
-    return write_int(
+    return write_int<Char>(
         out, num_digits, prefix, specs, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
-          return format_uint<4, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits, upper);
+          return format_uint<4, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits, specs.upper);
         });
   }
-  case presentation_type::bin_lower:
-  case presentation_type::bin_upper: {
-    bool upper = specs.type == presentation_type::bin_upper;
-    if (specs.alt)
-      prefix_append(prefix, unsigned(upper ? 'B' : 'b') << 8 | '0');
-    int num_digits = count_digits<1>(abs_value);
-    return write_int(out, num_digits, prefix, specs,
-                     [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
-                       return format_uint<1, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
-                     });
-  }
   case presentation_type::oct: {
     int num_digits = count_digits<3>(abs_value);
     // Octal prefix '0' is counted as a digit, so only add it if precision
     // is not greater than the number of digits.
     if (specs.alt && specs.precision <= num_digits && abs_value != 0)
       prefix_append(prefix, '0');
-    return write_int(out, num_digits, prefix, specs,
-                     [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
-                       return format_uint<3, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
-                     });
+    return write_int<Char>(
+        out, num_digits, prefix, specs, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+          return format_uint<3, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
+        });
+  }
+  case presentation_type::bin: {
+    if (specs.alt)
+      prefix_append(prefix, unsigned(specs.upper ? 'B' : 'b') << 8 | '0');
+    int num_digits = count_digits<1>(abs_value);
+    return write_int<Char>(
+        out, num_digits, prefix, specs, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+          return format_uint<1, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
+        });
   }
   case presentation_type::chr:
-    return write_char(out, static_cast<Char>(abs_value), specs);
-  default:
-    throw_format_error("invalid format specifier");
+    return write_char<Char>(out, static_cast<Char>(abs_value), specs);
   }
-  return out;
 }
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_NOINLINE auto write_int_noinline(
-    OutputIt out, write_int_arg<T> arg, const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-    locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
-  return write_int(out, arg, specs, loc);
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_NOINLINE auto write_int_noinline(OutputIt out,
+                                                   write_int_arg<T> arg,
+                                                   const format_specs& specs,
+                                                   locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
+  return write_int<Char>(out, arg, specs, loc);
 }
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+template <typename Char, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value &&
                         !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
-                        std::is_same<OutputIt, buffer_appender<Char>>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write(OutputIt out, T value,
-                                    const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-                                    locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
+                        !std::is_same<T, Char>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write(basic_appender<Char> out, T value,
+                                    const format_specs& specs, locale_ref loc)
+    -> basic_appender<Char> {
   if (specs.localized && write_loc(out, value, specs, loc)) return out;
-  return write_int_noinline(out, make_write_int_arg(value, specs.sign), specs,
-                            loc);
+  return write_int_noinline<Char>(out, make_write_int_arg(value, specs.sign),
+                                  specs, loc);
 }
 // An inlined version of write used in format string compilation.
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value &&
                         !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
-                        !std::is_same<OutputIt, buffer_appender<Char>>::value)>
+                        !std::is_same<T, Char>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<OutputIt, basic_appender<Char>>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write(OutputIt out, T value,
-                                    const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-                                    locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
+                                    const format_specs& specs, locale_ref loc)
+    -> OutputIt {
   if (specs.localized && write_loc(out, value, specs, loc)) return out;
-  return write_int(out, make_write_int_arg(value, specs.sign), specs, loc);
+  return write_int<Char>(out, make_write_int_arg(value, specs.sign), specs,
+                         loc);
 }
 
 // An output iterator that counts the number of objects written to it and
@@ -2307,62 +2254,64 @@ class counting_iterator {
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR counting_iterator() : count_(0) {}
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t count() const { return count_; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto count() const -> size_t { return count_; }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR counting_iterator& operator++() {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator++() -> counting_iterator& {
     ++count_;
     return *this;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR counting_iterator operator++(int) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator++(int) -> counting_iterator {
     auto it = *this;
     ++*this;
     return it;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR friend counting_iterator operator+(counting_iterator it,
-                                                   difference_type n) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR friend auto operator+(counting_iterator it, difference_type n)
+      -> counting_iterator {
     it.count_ += static_cast<size_t>(n);
     return it;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR value_type operator*() const { return {}; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator*() const -> value_type { return {}; }
 };
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> s,
-                         const format_specs<Char>& specs) -> OutputIt {
+                         const format_specs& specs) -> OutputIt {
   auto data = s.data();
   auto size = s.size();
   if (specs.precision >= 0 && to_unsigned(specs.precision) < size)
     size = code_point_index(s, to_unsigned(specs.precision));
   bool is_debug = specs.type == presentation_type::debug;
   size_t width = 0;
+
+  if (is_debug) size = write_escaped_string(counting_iterator{}, s).count();
+
   if (specs.width != 0) {
     if (is_debug)
-      width = write_escaped_string(counting_iterator{}, s).count();
+      width = size;
     else
       width = compute_width(basic_string_view<Char>(data, size));
   }
-  return write_padded(out, specs, size, width,
-                      [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
-                        if (is_debug) return write_escaped_string(it, s);
-                        return copy_str<Char>(data, data + size, it);
-                      });
+  return write_padded<Char>(out, specs, size, width,
+                            [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+                              if (is_debug) return write_escaped_string(it, s);
+                              return copy<Char>(data, data + size, it);
+                            });
 }
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out,
                          basic_string_view<type_identity_t<Char>> s,
-                         const format_specs<Char>& specs, locale_ref)
-    -> OutputIt {
-  return write(out, s, specs);
+                         const format_specs& specs, locale_ref) -> OutputIt {
+  return write<Char>(out, s, specs);
 }
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, const Char* s,
-                         const format_specs<Char>& specs, locale_ref)
-    -> OutputIt {
-  return specs.type != presentation_type::pointer
-             ? write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(s), specs, {})
-             : write_ptr<Char>(out, bit_cast<uintptr_t>(s), &specs);
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, const Char* s, const format_specs& specs,
+                         locale_ref) -> OutputIt {
+  if (specs.type == presentation_type::pointer)
+    return write_ptr<Char>(out, bit_cast<uintptr_t>(s), &specs);
+  if (!s) report_error("string pointer is null");
+  return write<Char>(out, basic_string_view<Char>(s), specs, {});
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
@@ -2376,21 +2325,19 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, T value) -> OutputIt {
   if (negative) abs_value = ~abs_value + 1;
   int num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
   auto size = (negative ? 1 : 0) + static_cast<size_t>(num_digits);
-  auto it = reserve(out, size);
-  if (auto ptr = to_pointer<Char>(it, size)) {
+  if (auto ptr = to_pointer<Char>(out, size)) {
     if (negative) *ptr++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
     format_decimal<Char>(ptr, abs_value, num_digits);
     return out;
   }
-  if (negative) *it++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
-  it = format_decimal<Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits).end;
-  return base_iterator(out, it);
+  if (negative) *out++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+  return format_decimal<Char>(out, abs_value, num_digits).end;
 }
 
 // DEPRECATED!
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_align(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
-                               format_specs<Char>& specs) -> const Char* {
+                               format_specs& specs) -> const Char* {
   FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
   auto align = align::none;
   auto p = begin + code_point_length(begin);
@@ -2412,10 +2359,10 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_align(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
         auto c = *begin;
         if (c == '}') return begin;
         if (c == '{') {
-          throw_format_error("invalid fill character '{'");
+          report_error("invalid fill character '{'");
           return begin;
         }
-        specs.fill = {begin, to_unsigned(p - begin)};
+        specs.fill = basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(p - begin));
         begin = p + 1;
       } else {
         ++begin;
@@ -2434,59 +2381,40 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_align(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
 enum class float_format : unsigned char {
   general,  // General: exponent notation or fixed point based on magnitude.
   exp,      // Exponent notation with the default precision of 6, e.g. 1.2e-3.
-  fixed,    // Fixed point with the default precision of 6, e.g. 0.0012.
-  hex
+  fixed     // Fixed point with the default precision of 6, e.g. 0.0012.
 };
 
 struct float_specs {
   int precision;
   float_format format : 8;
   sign_t sign : 8;
-  bool upper : 1;
   bool locale : 1;
   bool binary32 : 1;
   bool showpoint : 1;
 };
 
-template <typename ErrorHandler = error_handler, typename Char>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_float_type_spec(const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-                                         ErrorHandler&& eh = {})
+// DEPRECATED!
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline auto parse_float_type_spec(const format_specs& specs)
     -> float_specs {
   auto result = float_specs();
   result.showpoint = specs.alt;
   result.locale = specs.localized;
   switch (specs.type) {
+  default:
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
   case presentation_type::none:
     result.format = float_format::general;
     break;
-  case presentation_type::general_upper:
-    result.upper = true;
-    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-  case presentation_type::general_lower:
-    result.format = float_format::general;
-    break;
-  case presentation_type::exp_upper:
-    result.upper = true;
-    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-  case presentation_type::exp_lower:
+  case presentation_type::exp:
     result.format = float_format::exp;
     result.showpoint |= specs.precision != 0;
     break;
-  case presentation_type::fixed_upper:
-    result.upper = true;
-    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-  case presentation_type::fixed_lower:
+  case presentation_type::fixed:
     result.format = float_format::fixed;
     result.showpoint |= specs.precision != 0;
     break;
-  case presentation_type::hexfloat_upper:
-    result.upper = true;
-    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
-  case presentation_type::hexfloat_lower:
-    result.format = float_format::hex;
-    break;
-  default:
-    eh.on_error("invalid format specifier");
+  case presentation_type::general:
+    result.format = float_format::general;
     break;
   }
   return result;
@@ -2494,21 +2422,21 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_float_type_spec(const format_specs<Char>& specs,
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write_nonfinite(OutputIt out, bool isnan,
-                                     format_specs<Char> specs,
-                                     const float_specs& fspecs) -> OutputIt {
+                                     format_specs specs, sign_t sign)
+    -> OutputIt {
   auto str =
-      isnan ? (fspecs.upper ? "NAN" : "nan") : (fspecs.upper ? "INF" : "inf");
+      isnan ? (specs.upper ? "NAN" : "nan") : (specs.upper ? "INF" : "inf");
   constexpr size_t str_size = 3;
-  auto sign = fspecs.sign;
   auto size = str_size + (sign ? 1 : 0);
   // Replace '0'-padding with space for non-finite values.
   const bool is_zero_fill =
-      specs.fill.size() == 1 && *specs.fill.data() == static_cast<Char>('0');
-  if (is_zero_fill) specs.fill[0] = static_cast<Char>(' ');
-  return write_padded(out, specs, size, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
-    if (sign) *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
-    return copy_str<Char>(str, str + str_size, it);
-  });
+      specs.fill.size() == 1 && specs.fill.template get<Char>() == '0';
+  if (is_zero_fill) specs.fill = ' ';
+  return write_padded<Char>(out, specs, size,
+                            [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+                              if (sign) *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
+                              return copy<Char>(str, str + str_size, it);
+                            });
 }
 
 // A decimal floating-point number significand * pow(10, exp).
@@ -2529,7 +2457,7 @@ inline auto get_significand_size(const dragonbox::decimal_fp<T>& f) -> int {
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 constexpr auto write_significand(OutputIt out, const char* significand,
                                  int significand_size) -> OutputIt {
-  return copy_str<Char>(significand, significand + significand_size, out);
+  return copy<Char>(significand, significand + significand_size, out);
 }
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename UInt>
 inline auto write_significand(OutputIt out, UInt significand,
@@ -2582,19 +2510,19 @@ inline auto write_significand(OutputIt out, UInt significand,
   Char buffer[digits10<UInt>() + 2];
   auto end = write_significand(buffer, significand, significand_size,
                                integral_size, decimal_point);
-  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer, end, out);
+  return detail::copy_noinline<Char>(buffer, end, out);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write_significand(OutputIt out, const char* significand,
                                      int significand_size, int integral_size,
                                      Char decimal_point) -> OutputIt {
-  out = detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(significand,
-                                        significand + integral_size, out);
+  out = detail::copy_noinline<Char>(significand, significand + integral_size,
+                                    out);
   if (!decimal_point) return out;
   *out++ = decimal_point;
-  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(significand + integral_size,
-                                         significand + significand_size, out);
+  return detail::copy_noinline<Char>(significand + integral_size,
+                                     significand + significand_size, out);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename T, typename Grouping>
@@ -2607,18 +2535,18 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write_significand(OutputIt out, T significand,
                              decimal_point);
   }
   auto buffer = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
-  write_significand(buffer_appender<Char>(buffer), significand,
-                    significand_size, integral_size, decimal_point);
+  write_significand(basic_appender<Char>(buffer), significand, significand_size,
+                    integral_size, decimal_point);
   grouping.apply(
       out, basic_string_view<Char>(buffer.data(), to_unsigned(integral_size)));
-  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer.data() + integral_size,
-                                         buffer.end(), out);
+  return detail::copy_noinline<Char>(buffer.data() + integral_size,
+                                     buffer.end(), out);
 }
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename DecimalFP, typename Char,
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename DecimalFP,
           typename Grouping = digit_grouping<Char>>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto do_write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
-                                    const format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                    const format_specs& specs,
                                     float_specs fspecs, locale_ref loc)
     -> OutputIt {
   auto significand = f.significand;
@@ -2655,7 +2583,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto do_write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
     if (abs_output_exp >= 100) exp_digits = abs_output_exp >= 1000 ? 4 : 3;
 
     size += to_unsigned((decimal_point ? 1 : 0) + 2 + exp_digits);
-    char exp_char = fspecs.upper ? 'E' : 'e';
+    char exp_char = specs.upper ? 'E' : 'e';
     auto write = [=](iterator it) {
       if (sign) *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
       // Insert a decimal point after the first digit and add an exponent.
@@ -2665,8 +2593,9 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto do_write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
       *it++ = static_cast<Char>(exp_char);
       return write_exponent<Char>(output_exp, it);
     };
-    return specs.width > 0 ? write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, write)
-                           : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
+    return specs.width > 0
+               ? write_padded<Char, align::right>(out, specs, size, write)
+               : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
   }
 
   int exp = f.exponent + significand_size;
@@ -2682,7 +2611,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto do_write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
     }
     auto grouping = Grouping(loc, fspecs.locale);
     size += to_unsigned(grouping.count_separators(exp));
-    return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+    return write_padded<Char, align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
       if (sign) *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
       it = write_significand<Char>(it, significand, significand_size,
                                    f.exponent, grouping);
@@ -2696,7 +2625,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto do_write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
     size += 1 + to_unsigned(num_zeros > 0 ? num_zeros : 0);
     auto grouping = Grouping(loc, fspecs.locale);
     size += to_unsigned(grouping.count_separators(exp));
-    return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+    return write_padded<Char, align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
       if (sign) *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
       it = write_significand(it, significand, significand_size, exp,
                              decimal_point, grouping);
@@ -2711,7 +2640,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto do_write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
   }
   bool pointy = num_zeros != 0 || significand_size != 0 || fspecs.showpoint;
   size += 1 + (pointy ? 1 : 0) + to_unsigned(num_zeros);
-  return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+  return write_padded<Char, align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
     if (sign) *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
     *it++ = zero;
     if (!pointy) return it;
@@ -2725,32 +2654,31 @@ template <typename Char> class fallback_digit_grouping {
  public:
   constexpr fallback_digit_grouping(locale_ref, bool) {}
 
-  constexpr bool has_separator() const { return false; }
+  constexpr auto has_separator() const -> bool { return false; }
 
-  constexpr int count_separators(int) const { return 0; }
+  constexpr auto count_separators(int) const -> int { return 0; }
 
   template <typename Out, typename C>
-  constexpr Out apply(Out out, basic_string_view<C>) const {
+  constexpr auto apply(Out out, basic_string_view<C>) const -> Out {
     return out;
   }
 };
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename DecimalFP, typename Char>
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename DecimalFP>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& f,
-                                 const format_specs<Char>& specs,
-                                 float_specs fspecs, locale_ref loc)
-    -> OutputIt {
+                                 const format_specs& specs, float_specs fspecs,
+                                 locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
   if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
-    return do_write_float<OutputIt, DecimalFP, Char,
+    return do_write_float<Char, OutputIt, DecimalFP,
                           fallback_digit_grouping<Char>>(out, f, specs, fspecs,
                                                          loc);
   } else {
-    return do_write_float(out, f, specs, fspecs, loc);
+    return do_write_float<Char>(out, f, specs, fspecs, loc);
   }
 }
 
-template <typename T> constexpr bool isnan(T value) {
-  return !(value >= value);  // std::isnan doesn't support __float128.
+template <typename T> constexpr auto isnan(T value) -> bool {
+  return value != value;  // std::isnan doesn't support __float128.
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
@@ -2762,14 +2690,14 @@ struct has_isfinite<T, enable_if_t<sizeof(std::isfinite(T())) != 0>>
 
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value&&
                                         has_isfinite<T>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 bool isfinite(T value) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto isfinite(T value) -> bool {
   constexpr T inf = T(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
   if (is_constant_evaluated())
     return !detail::isnan(value) && value < inf && value > -inf;
   return std::isfinite(value);
 }
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!has_isfinite<T>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR bool isfinite(T value) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto isfinite(T value) -> bool {
   T inf = T(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
   // std::isfinite doesn't support __float128.
   return !detail::isnan(value) && value < inf && value > -inf;
@@ -2806,10 +2734,10 @@ class bigint {
   basic_memory_buffer<bigit, bigits_capacity> bigits_;
   int exp_;
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 bigit operator[](int index) const {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator[](int index) const -> bigit {
     return bigits_[to_unsigned(index)];
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 bigit& operator[](int index) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator[](int index) -> bigit& {
     return bigits_[to_unsigned(index)];
   }
 
@@ -2896,7 +2824,7 @@ class bigint {
     auto size = other.bigits_.size();
     bigits_.resize(size);
     auto data = other.bigits_.data();
-    copy_str<bigit>(data, data + size, bigits_.data());
+    copy<bigit>(data, data + size, bigits_.data());
     exp_ = other.exp_;
   }
 
@@ -2905,11 +2833,11 @@ class bigint {
     assign(uint64_or_128_t<Int>(n));
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 int num_bigits() const {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto num_bigits() const -> int {
     return static_cast<int>(bigits_.size()) + exp_;
   }
 
-  FMT_NOINLINE FMT_CONSTEXPR20 bigint& operator<<=(int shift) {
+  FMT_NOINLINE FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator<<=(int shift) -> bigint& {
     FMT_ASSERT(shift >= 0, "");
     exp_ += shift / bigit_bits;
     shift %= bigit_bits;
@@ -2924,13 +2852,15 @@ class bigint {
     return *this;
   }
 
-  template <typename Int> FMT_CONSTEXPR20 bigint& operator*=(Int value) {
+  template <typename Int>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto operator*=(Int value) -> bigint& {
     FMT_ASSERT(value > 0, "");
     multiply(uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>(value));
     return *this;
   }
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR20 int compare(const bigint& lhs, const bigint& rhs) {
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto compare(const bigint& lhs, const bigint& rhs)
+      -> int {
     int num_lhs_bigits = lhs.num_bigits(), num_rhs_bigits = rhs.num_bigits();
     if (num_lhs_bigits != num_rhs_bigits)
       return num_lhs_bigits > num_rhs_bigits ? 1 : -1;
@@ -2947,8 +2877,9 @@ class bigint {
   }
 
   // Returns compare(lhs1 + lhs2, rhs).
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR20 int add_compare(const bigint& lhs1, const bigint& lhs2,
-                                         const bigint& rhs) {
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto add_compare(const bigint& lhs1,
+                                          const bigint& lhs2, const bigint& rhs)
+      -> int {
     auto minimum = [](int a, int b) { return a < b ? a : b; };
     auto maximum = [](int a, int b) { return a > b ? a : b; };
     int max_lhs_bigits = maximum(lhs1.num_bigits(), lhs2.num_bigits());
@@ -3029,13 +2960,13 @@ class bigint {
     bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_bigits + exp_difference));
     for (int i = num_bigits - 1, j = i + exp_difference; i >= 0; --i, --j)
       bigits_[j] = bigits_[i];
-    std::uninitialized_fill_n(bigits_.data(), exp_difference, 0);
+    memset(bigits_.data(), 0, to_unsigned(exp_difference) * sizeof(bigit));
     exp_ -= exp_difference;
   }
 
   // Divides this bignum by divisor, assigning the remainder to this and
   // returning the quotient.
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 int divmod_assign(const bigint& divisor) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto divmod_assign(const bigint& divisor) -> int {
     FMT_ASSERT(this != &divisor, "");
     if (compare(*this, divisor) < 0) return 0;
     FMT_ASSERT(divisor.bigits_[divisor.bigits_.size() - 1u] != 0, "");
@@ -3154,8 +3085,11 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 inline void format_dragon(basic_fp<uint128_t> value,
   // Generate the given number of digits.
   exp10 -= num_digits - 1;
   if (num_digits <= 0) {
-    denominator *= 10;
-    auto digit = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator) > 0 ? '1' : '0';
+    auto digit = '0';
+    if (num_digits == 0) {
+      denominator *= 10;
+      digit = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator) > 0 ? '1' : '0';
+    }
     buf.push_back(digit);
     return;
   }
@@ -3178,8 +3112,10 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 inline void format_dragon(basic_fp<uint128_t> value,
       }
       if (buf[0] == overflow) {
         buf[0] = '1';
-        if ((flags & dragon::fixed) != 0) buf.push_back('0');
-        else ++exp10;
+        if ((flags & dragon::fixed) != 0)
+          buf.push_back('0');
+        else
+          ++exp10;
       }
       return;
     }
@@ -3190,8 +3126,8 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 inline void format_dragon(basic_fp<uint128_t> value,
 
 // Formats a floating-point number using the hexfloat format.
 template <typename Float, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_double_double<Float>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, int precision,
-                                     float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf) {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, format_specs specs,
+                                     buffer<char>& buf) {
   // float is passed as double to reduce the number of instantiations and to
   // simplify implementation.
   static_assert(!std::is_same<Float, float>::value, "");
@@ -3219,8 +3155,8 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, int precision,
   if (leading_xdigit > 1) f.e -= (32 - countl_zero(leading_xdigit) - 1);
 
   int print_xdigits = num_xdigits - 1;
-  if (precision >= 0 && print_xdigits > precision) {
-    const int shift = ((print_xdigits - precision - 1) * 4);
+  if (specs.precision >= 0 && print_xdigits > specs.precision) {
+    const int shift = ((print_xdigits - specs.precision - 1) * 4);
     const auto mask = carrier_uint(0xF) << shift;
     const auto v = static_cast<uint32_t>((f.f & mask) >> shift);
 
@@ -3239,7 +3175,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, int precision,
       }
     }
 
-    print_xdigits = precision;
+    print_xdigits = specs.precision;
   }
 
   char xdigits[num_bits<carrier_uint>() / 4];
@@ -3252,10 +3188,10 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, int precision,
   buf.push_back('0');
   buf.push_back(specs.upper ? 'X' : 'x');
   buf.push_back(xdigits[0]);
-  if (specs.showpoint || print_xdigits > 0 || print_xdigits < precision)
+  if (specs.alt || print_xdigits > 0 || print_xdigits < specs.precision)
     buf.push_back('.');
   buf.append(xdigits + 1, xdigits + 1 + print_xdigits);
-  for (; print_xdigits < precision; ++print_xdigits) buf.push_back('0');
+  for (; print_xdigits < specs.precision; ++print_xdigits) buf.push_back('0');
 
   buf.push_back(specs.upper ? 'P' : 'p');
 
@@ -3271,9 +3207,20 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, int precision,
 }
 
 template <typename Float, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_double_double<Float>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, int precision,
-                                     float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf) {
-  format_hexfloat(static_cast<double>(value), precision, specs, buf);
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 void format_hexfloat(Float value, format_specs specs,
+                                     buffer<char>& buf) {
+  format_hexfloat(static_cast<double>(value), specs, buf);
+}
+
+constexpr auto fractional_part_rounding_thresholds(int index) -> uint32_t {
+  // For checking rounding thresholds.
+  // The kth entry is chosen to be the smallest integer such that the
+  // upper 32-bits of 10^(k+1) times it is strictly bigger than 5 * 10^k.
+  // It is equal to ceil(2^31 + 2^32/10^(k + 1)).
+  // These are stored in a string literal because we cannot have static arrays
+  // in constexpr functions and non-static ones are poorly optimized.
+  return U"\x9999999a\x828f5c29\x80418938\x80068db9\x8000a7c6\x800010c7"
+         U"\x800001ae\x8000002b"[index];
 }
 
 template <typename Float>
@@ -3314,11 +3261,11 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto format_float(Float value, int precision, float_specs specs,
     // Use Dragonbox for the shortest format.
     if (specs.binary32) {
       auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<float>(value));
-      write<char>(buffer_appender<char>(buf), dec.significand);
+      write<char>(appender(buf), dec.significand);
       return dec.exponent;
     }
     auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<double>(value));
-    write<char>(buffer_appender<char>(buf), dec.significand);
+    write<char>(appender(buf), dec.significand);
     return dec.exponent;
   } else {
     // Extract significand bits and exponent bits.
@@ -3480,12 +3427,12 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto format_float(Float value, int precision, float_specs specs,
           //    fractional part is strictly larger than 1/2.
           if (precision < 9) {
             uint32_t fractional_part = static_cast<uint32_t>(prod);
-            should_round_up = fractional_part >=
-                                  data::fractional_part_rounding_thresholds
-                                      [8 - number_of_digits_to_print] ||
-                              ((fractional_part >> 31) &
-                               ((digits & 1) | (second_third_subsegments != 0) |
-                                has_more_segments)) != 0;
+            should_round_up =
+                fractional_part >= fractional_part_rounding_thresholds(
+                                       8 - number_of_digits_to_print) ||
+                ((fractional_part >> 31) &
+                 ((digits & 1) | (second_third_subsegments != 0) |
+                  has_more_segments)) != 0;
           }
           // Rounding at the subsegment boundary.
           // In this case, the fractional part is at least 1/2 if and only if
@@ -3520,12 +3467,12 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto format_float(Float value, int precision, float_specs specs,
             // of 19 digits, so in this case the third segment should be
             // consisting of a genuine digit from the input.
             uint32_t fractional_part = static_cast<uint32_t>(prod);
-            should_round_up = fractional_part >=
-                                  data::fractional_part_rounding_thresholds
-                                      [8 - number_of_digits_to_print] ||
-                              ((fractional_part >> 31) &
-                               ((digits & 1) | (third_subsegment != 0) |
-                                has_more_segments)) != 0;
+            should_round_up =
+                fractional_part >= fractional_part_rounding_thresholds(
+                                       8 - number_of_digits_to_print) ||
+                ((fractional_part >> 31) &
+                 ((digits & 1) | (third_subsegment != 0) |
+                  has_more_segments)) != 0;
           }
           // Rounding at the subsegment boundary.
           else {
@@ -3585,97 +3532,101 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto format_float(Float value, int precision, float_specs specs,
   }
   return exp;
 }
+
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write_float(OutputIt out, T value,
-                                 format_specs<Char> specs, locale_ref loc)
-    -> OutputIt {
-  float_specs fspecs = parse_float_type_spec(specs);
-  fspecs.sign = specs.sign;
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write_float(OutputIt out, T value, format_specs specs,
+                                 locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
+  sign_t sign = specs.sign;
   if (detail::signbit(value)) {  // value < 0 is false for NaN so use signbit.
-    fspecs.sign = sign::minus;
+    sign = sign::minus;
     value = -value;
-  } else if (fspecs.sign == sign::minus) {
-    fspecs.sign = sign::none;
+  } else if (sign == sign::minus) {
+    sign = sign::none;
   }
 
   if (!detail::isfinite(value))
-    return write_nonfinite(out, detail::isnan(value), specs, fspecs);
+    return write_nonfinite<Char>(out, detail::isnan(value), specs, sign);
 
-  if (specs.align == align::numeric && fspecs.sign) {
+  if (specs.align == align::numeric && sign) {
     auto it = reserve(out, 1);
-    *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(fspecs.sign);
+    *it++ = detail::sign<Char>(sign);
     out = base_iterator(out, it);
-    fspecs.sign = sign::none;
+    sign = sign::none;
     if (specs.width != 0) --specs.width;
   }
 
   memory_buffer buffer;
-  if (fspecs.format == float_format::hex) {
-    if (fspecs.sign) buffer.push_back(detail::sign<char>(fspecs.sign));
-    format_hexfloat(convert_float(value), specs.precision, fspecs, buffer);
-    return write_bytes<align::right>(out, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()},
-                                     specs);
+  if (specs.type == presentation_type::hexfloat) {
+    if (sign) buffer.push_back(detail::sign<char>(sign));
+    format_hexfloat(convert_float(value), specs, buffer);
+    return write_bytes<Char, align::right>(out, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()},
+                                           specs);
   }
+
   int precision = specs.precision >= 0 || specs.type == presentation_type::none
                       ? specs.precision
                       : 6;
-  if (fspecs.format == float_format::exp) {
+  if (specs.type == presentation_type::exp) {
     if (precision == max_value<int>())
-      throw_format_error("number is too big");
+      report_error("number is too big");
     else
       ++precision;
-  } else if (fspecs.format != float_format::fixed && precision == 0) {
+  } else if (specs.type != presentation_type::fixed && precision == 0) {
     precision = 1;
   }
+  float_specs fspecs = parse_float_type_spec(specs);
+  fspecs.sign = sign;
   if (const_check(std::is_same<T, float>())) fspecs.binary32 = true;
   int exp = format_float(convert_float(value), precision, fspecs, buffer);
   fspecs.precision = precision;
   auto f = big_decimal_fp{buffer.data(), static_cast<int>(buffer.size()), exp};
-  return write_float(out, f, specs, fspecs, loc);
+  return write_float<Char>(out, f, specs, fspecs, loc);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_floating_point<T>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write(OutputIt out, T value, format_specs<Char> specs,
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write(OutputIt out, T value, format_specs specs,
                            locale_ref loc = {}) -> OutputIt {
   if (const_check(!is_supported_floating_point(value))) return out;
   return specs.localized && write_loc(out, value, specs, loc)
              ? out
-             : write_float(out, value, specs, loc);
+             : write_float<Char>(out, value, specs, loc);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_fast_float<T>::value)>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write(OutputIt out, T value) -> OutputIt {
-  if (is_constant_evaluated()) return write(out, value, format_specs<Char>());
+  if (is_constant_evaluated()) return write<Char>(out, value, format_specs());
   if (const_check(!is_supported_floating_point(value))) return out;
 
-  auto fspecs = float_specs();
+  auto sign = sign_t::none;
   if (detail::signbit(value)) {
-    fspecs.sign = sign::minus;
+    sign = sign::minus;
     value = -value;
   }
 
-  constexpr auto specs = format_specs<Char>();
+  constexpr auto specs = format_specs();
   using floaty = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, long double>::value, double, T>;
   using floaty_uint = typename dragonbox::float_info<floaty>::carrier_uint;
   floaty_uint mask = exponent_mask<floaty>();
   if ((bit_cast<floaty_uint>(value) & mask) == mask)
-    return write_nonfinite(out, std::isnan(value), specs, fspecs);
+    return write_nonfinite<Char>(out, std::isnan(value), specs, sign);
 
+  auto fspecs = float_specs();
+  fspecs.sign = sign;
   auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<floaty>(value));
-  return write_float(out, dec, specs, fspecs, {});
+  return write_float<Char>(out, dec, specs, fspecs, {});
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_floating_point<T>::value &&
                         !is_fast_float<T>::value)>
 inline auto write(OutputIt out, T value) -> OutputIt {
-  return write(out, value, format_specs<Char>());
+  return write<Char>(out, value, format_specs());
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-auto write(OutputIt out, monostate, format_specs<Char> = {}, locale_ref = {})
+auto write(OutputIt out, monostate, format_specs = {}, locale_ref = {})
     -> OutputIt {
   FMT_ASSERT(false, "");
   return out;
@@ -3684,13 +3635,11 @@ auto write(OutputIt out, monostate, format_specs<Char> = {}, locale_ref = {})
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> value)
     -> OutputIt {
-  auto it = reserve(out, value.size());
-  it = copy_str_noinline<Char>(value.begin(), value.end(), it);
-  return base_iterator(out, it);
+  return copy_noinline<Char>(value.begin(), value.end(), out);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_string<T>::value)>
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(has_to_string_view<T>::value)>
 constexpr auto write(OutputIt out, const T& value) -> OutputIt {
   return write<Char>(out, to_string_view(value));
 }
@@ -3709,13 +3658,12 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, T value) -> OutputIt {
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, bool>::value)>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, T value,
-                         const format_specs<Char>& specs = {}, locale_ref = {})
-    -> OutputIt {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, T value, const format_specs& specs = {},
+                         locale_ref = {}) -> OutputIt {
   return specs.type != presentation_type::none &&
                  specs.type != presentation_type::string
-             ? write(out, value ? 1 : 0, specs, {})
-             : write_bytes(out, value ? "true" : "false", specs);
+             ? write<Char>(out, value ? 1 : 0, specs, {})
+             : write_bytes<Char>(out, value ? "true" : "false", specs);
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
@@ -3726,16 +3674,15 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, Char value) -> OutputIt {
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS auto write(OutputIt out, const Char* value)
-    -> OutputIt {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto write(OutputIt out, const Char* value) -> OutputIt {
   if (value) return write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(value));
-  throw_format_error("string pointer is null");
+  report_error("string pointer is null");
   return out;
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, void>::value)>
-auto write(OutputIt out, const T* value, const format_specs<Char>& specs = {},
+auto write(OutputIt out, const T* value, const format_specs& specs = {},
            locale_ref = {}) -> OutputIt {
   return write_ptr<Char>(out, bit_cast<uintptr_t>(value), &specs);
 }
@@ -3744,7 +3691,7 @@ auto write(OutputIt out, const T* value, const format_specs<Char>& specs = {},
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           typename Context = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, const T& value) -> enable_if_t<
-    std::is_class<T>::value && !is_string<T>::value &&
+    std::is_class<T>::value && !has_to_string_view<T>::value &&
         !is_floating_point<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, Char>::value &&
         !std::is_same<T, remove_cvref_t<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(
                              value))>>::value,
@@ -3755,17 +3702,22 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, const T& value) -> enable_if_t<
 template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
           typename Context = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, const T& value)
-    -> enable_if_t<mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value == type::custom_type,
+    -> enable_if_t<mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value ==
+                           type::custom_type &&
+                       !std::is_fundamental<T>::value,
                    OutputIt> {
+  auto formatter = typename Context::template formatter_type<T>();
+  auto parse_ctx = typename Context::parse_context_type({});
+  formatter.parse(parse_ctx);
   auto ctx = Context(out, {}, {});
-  return typename Context::template formatter_type<T>().format(value, ctx);
+  return formatter.format(value, ctx);
 }
 
 // An argument visitor that formats the argument and writes it via the output
 // iterator. It's a class and not a generic lambda for compatibility with C++11.
 template <typename Char> struct default_arg_formatter {
-  using iterator = buffer_appender<Char>;
-  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+  using iterator = basic_appender<Char>;
+  using context = buffered_context<Char>;
 
   iterator out;
   basic_format_args<context> args;
@@ -3783,16 +3735,16 @@ template <typename Char> struct default_arg_formatter {
 };
 
 template <typename Char> struct arg_formatter {
-  using iterator = buffer_appender<Char>;
-  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+  using iterator = basic_appender<Char>;
+  using context = buffered_context<Char>;
 
   iterator out;
-  const format_specs<Char>& specs;
+  const format_specs& specs;
   locale_ref locale;
 
   template <typename T>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto operator()(T value) -> iterator {
-    return detail::write(out, value, specs, locale);
+    return detail::write<Char>(out, value, specs, locale);
   }
   auto operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context>::handle) -> iterator {
     // User-defined types are handled separately because they require access
@@ -3801,73 +3753,49 @@ template <typename Char> struct arg_formatter {
   }
 };
 
-template <typename Char> struct custom_formatter {
-  basic_format_parse_context<Char>& parse_ctx;
-  buffer_context<Char>& ctx;
-
-  void operator()(
-      typename basic_format_arg<buffer_context<Char>>::handle h) const {
-    h.format(parse_ctx, ctx);
-  }
-  template <typename T> void operator()(T) const {}
-};
-
-template <typename ErrorHandler> class width_checker {
- public:
-  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR width_checker(ErrorHandler& eh) : handler_(eh) {}
-
+struct width_checker {
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integer<T>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(T value) -> unsigned long long {
-    if (is_negative(value)) handler_.on_error("negative width");
+    if (is_negative(value)) report_error("negative width");
     return static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_integer<T>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(T) -> unsigned long long {
-    handler_.on_error("width is not integer");
+    report_error("width is not integer");
     return 0;
   }
-
- private:
-  ErrorHandler& handler_;
 };
 
-template <typename ErrorHandler> class precision_checker {
- public:
-  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR precision_checker(ErrorHandler& eh) : handler_(eh) {}
-
+struct precision_checker {
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integer<T>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(T value) -> unsigned long long {
-    if (is_negative(value)) handler_.on_error("negative precision");
+    if (is_negative(value)) report_error("negative precision");
     return static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_integer<T>::value)>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(T) -> unsigned long long {
-    handler_.on_error("precision is not integer");
+    report_error("precision is not integer");
     return 0;
   }
-
- private:
-  ErrorHandler& handler_;
 };
 
-template <template <typename> class Handler, typename FormatArg,
-          typename ErrorHandler>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_dynamic_spec(FormatArg arg, ErrorHandler eh) -> int {
-  unsigned long long value = visit_format_arg(Handler<ErrorHandler>(eh), arg);
-  if (value > to_unsigned(max_value<int>())) eh.on_error("number is too big");
+template <typename Handler, typename FormatArg>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_dynamic_spec(FormatArg arg) -> int {
+  unsigned long long value = arg.visit(Handler());
+  if (value > to_unsigned(max_value<int>())) report_error("number is too big");
   return static_cast<int>(value);
 }
 
 template <typename Context, typename ID>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_arg(Context& ctx, ID id) -> decltype(ctx.arg(id)) {
   auto arg = ctx.arg(id);
-  if (!arg) ctx.on_error("argument not found");
+  if (!arg) report_error("argument not found");
   return arg;
 }
 
-template <template <typename> class Handler, typename Context>
+template <typename Handler, typename Context>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void handle_dynamic_spec(int& value,
                                        arg_ref<typename Context::char_type> ref,
                                        Context& ctx) {
@@ -3875,12 +3803,10 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR void handle_dynamic_spec(int& value,
   case arg_id_kind::none:
     break;
   case arg_id_kind::index:
-    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(get_arg(ctx, ref.val.index),
-                                              ctx.error_handler());
+    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(get_arg(ctx, ref.val.index));
     break;
   case arg_id_kind::name:
-    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(get_arg(ctx, ref.val.name),
-                                              ctx.error_handler());
+    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(get_arg(ctx, ref.val.name));
     break;
   }
 }
@@ -3925,7 +3851,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct udl_arg {
 
 template <typename Locale, typename Char>
 auto vformat(const Locale& loc, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-             basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+             typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
@@ -3937,29 +3863,29 @@ using format_func = void (*)(detail::buffer<char>&, int, const char*);
 FMT_API void format_error_code(buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                string_view message) noexcept;
 
+using fmt::report_error;
 FMT_API void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
                           const char* message) noexcept;
 }  // namespace detail
 
+FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 FMT_API auto vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
                            format_args args) -> std::system_error;
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Constructs :class:`std::system_error` with a message formatted with
-  ``fmt::format(fmt, args...)``.
-  *error_code* is a system error code as given by ``errno``.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    // This throws std::system_error with the description
-    //   cannot open file 'madeup': No such file or directory
-    // or similar (system message may vary).
-    const char* filename = "madeup";
-    std::FILE* file = std::fopen(filename, "r");
-    if (!file)
-      throw fmt::system_error(errno, "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
-  \endrst
+ * Constructs `std::system_error` with a message formatted with
+ * `fmt::format(fmt, args...)`.
+ * `error_code` is a system error code as given by `errno`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     // This throws std::system_error with the description
+ *     //   cannot open file 'madeup': No such file or directory
+ *     // or similar (system message may vary).
+ *     const char* filename = "madeup";
+ *     std::FILE* file = std::fopen(filename, "r");
+ *     if (!file)
+ *       throw fmt::system_error(errno, "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
  */
 template <typename... T>
 auto system_error(int error_code, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
@@ -3968,20 +3894,17 @@ auto system_error(int error_code, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Formats an error message for an error returned by an operating system or a
-  language runtime, for example a file opening error, and writes it to *out*.
-  The format is the same as the one used by ``std::system_error(ec, message)``
-  where ``ec`` is ``std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category()})``.
-  It is implementation-defined but normally looks like:
-
-  .. parsed-literal::
-     *<message>*: *<system-message>*
-
-  where *<message>* is the passed message and *<system-message>* is the system
-  message corresponding to the error code.
-  *error_code* is a system error code as given by ``errno``.
-  \endrst
+ * Formats an error message for an error returned by an operating system or a
+ * language runtime, for example a file opening error, and writes it to `out`.
+ * The format is the same as the one used by `std::system_error(ec, message)`
+ * where `ec` is `std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category())`.
+ * It is implementation-defined but normally looks like:
+ *
+ *     <message>: <system-message>
+ *
+ * where `<message>` is the passed message and `<system-message>` is the system
+ * message corresponding to the error code.
+ * `error_code` is a system error code as given by `errno`.
  */
 FMT_API void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                  const char* message) noexcept;
@@ -3990,7 +3913,7 @@ FMT_API void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
 // Can be used to report errors from destructors.
 FMT_API void report_system_error(int error_code, const char* message) noexcept;
 
-/** Fast integer formatter. */
+/// A fast integer formatter.
 class format_int {
  private:
   // Buffer should be large enough to hold all digits (digits10 + 1),
@@ -3999,12 +3922,14 @@ class format_int {
   mutable char buffer_[buffer_size];
   char* str_;
 
-  template <typename UInt> auto format_unsigned(UInt value) -> char* {
+  template <typename UInt>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto format_unsigned(UInt value) -> char* {
     auto n = static_cast<detail::uint32_or_64_or_128_t<UInt>>(value);
     return detail::format_decimal(buffer_, n, buffer_size - 1).begin;
   }
 
-  template <typename Int> auto format_signed(Int value) -> char* {
+  template <typename Int>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto format_signed(Int value) -> char* {
     auto abs_value = static_cast<detail::uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>>(value);
     bool negative = value < 0;
     if (negative) abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
@@ -4014,57 +3939,56 @@ class format_int {
   }
 
  public:
-  explicit format_int(int value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
-  explicit format_int(long value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
-  explicit format_int(long long value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
-  explicit format_int(unsigned value) : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
-  explicit format_int(unsigned long value) : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
-  explicit format_int(unsigned long long value)
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_int(int value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_int(long value)
+      : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_int(long long value)
+      : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_int(unsigned value)
+      : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_int(unsigned long value)
+      : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_int(unsigned long long value)
       : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
 
-  /** Returns the number of characters written to the output buffer. */
-  auto size() const -> size_t {
+  /// Returns the number of characters written to the output buffer.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto size() const -> size_t {
     return detail::to_unsigned(buffer_ - str_ + buffer_size - 1);
   }
 
-  /**
-    Returns a pointer to the output buffer content. No terminating null
-    character is appended.
-   */
-  auto data() const -> const char* { return str_; }
+  /// Returns a pointer to the output buffer content. No terminating null
+  /// character is appended.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto data() const -> const char* { return str_; }
 
-  /**
-    Returns a pointer to the output buffer content with terminating null
-    character appended.
-   */
-  auto c_str() const -> const char* {
+  /// Returns a pointer to the output buffer content with terminating null
+  /// character appended.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR20 auto c_str() const -> const char* {
     buffer_[buffer_size - 1] = '\0';
     return str_;
   }
 
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Returns the content of the output buffer as an ``std::string``.
-    \endrst
-   */
+  /// Returns the content of the output buffer as an `std::string`.
   auto str() const -> std::string { return std::string(str_, size()); }
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<T, Char, enable_if_t<detail::has_format_as<T>::value>>
-    : private formatter<detail::format_as_t<T>, Char> {
-  using base = formatter<detail::format_as_t<T>, Char>;
-  using base::parse;
-
+    : formatter<detail::format_as_t<T>, Char> {
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const T& value, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    return base::format(format_as(value), ctx);
+    auto&& val = format_as(value);  // Make an lvalue reference for format.
+    return formatter<detail::format_as_t<T>, Char>::format(val, ctx);
   }
 };
 
-#define FMT_FORMAT_AS(Type, Base) \
-  template <typename Char>        \
-  struct formatter<Type, Char> : formatter<Base, Char> {}
+#define FMT_FORMAT_AS(Type, Base)                                              \
+  template <typename Char>                                                     \
+  struct formatter<Type, Char> : formatter<Base, Char> {                       \
+    template <typename FormatContext>                                          \
+    auto format(Type value, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) { \
+      return formatter<Base, Char>::format(value, ctx);                        \
+    }                                                                          \
+  }
 
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(signed char, int);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned char, unsigned);
@@ -4073,44 +3997,36 @@ FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned short, unsigned);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(long, detail::long_type);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned long, detail::ulong_type);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(Char*, const Char*);
-FMT_FORMAT_AS(std::basic_string<Char>, basic_string_view<Char>);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(std::nullptr_t, const void*);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(detail::std_string_view<Char>, basic_string_view<Char>);
 FMT_FORMAT_AS(void*, const void*);
 
+template <typename Char, typename Traits, typename Allocator>
+class formatter<std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Allocator>, Char>
+    : public formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {};
+
 template <typename Char, size_t N>
 struct formatter<Char[N], Char> : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {};
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Converts ``p`` to ``const void*`` for pointer formatting.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::ptr(p));
-  \endrst
+ * Converts `p` to `const void*` for pointer formatting.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::ptr(p));
  */
 template <typename T> auto ptr(T p) -> const void* {
   static_assert(std::is_pointer<T>::value, "");
   return detail::bit_cast<const void*>(p);
 }
-template <typename T, typename Deleter>
-auto ptr(const std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter>& p) -> const void* {
-  return p.get();
-}
-template <typename T> auto ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) -> const void* {
-  return p.get();
-}
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Converts ``e`` to the underlying type.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    enum class color { red, green, blue };
-    auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::underlying(color::red));
-  \endrst
+ * Converts `e` to the underlying type.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     enum class color { red, green, blue };
+ *     auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::underlying(color::red));
  */
 template <typename Enum>
 constexpr auto underlying(Enum e) noexcept -> underlying_t<Enum> {
@@ -4145,12 +4061,13 @@ template <> struct formatter<bytes> {
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(bytes b, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
-                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+  auto format(bytes b, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto specs = specs_;
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width,
+                                                       specs.width_ref, ctx);
     detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
-        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
-    return detail::write_bytes(ctx.out(), b.data_, specs_);
+        specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
+    return detail::write_bytes<char>(ctx.out(), b.data_, specs);
   }
 };
 
@@ -4160,15 +4077,13 @@ template <typename T> struct group_digits_view {
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Returns a view that formats an integer value using ',' as a locale-independent
-  thousands separator.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print("{}", fmt::group_digits(12345));
-    // Output: "12,345"
-  \endrst
+ * Returns a view that formats an integer value using ',' as a
+ * locale-independent thousands separator.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::group_digits(12345));
+ *     // Output: "12,345"
  */
 template <typename T> auto group_digits(T value) -> group_digits_view<T> {
   return {value};
@@ -4186,106 +4101,84 @@ template <typename T> struct formatter<group_digits_view<T>> : formatter<T> {
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(group_digits_view<T> t, FormatContext& ctx)
+  auto format(group_digits_view<T> t, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
-                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+    auto specs = specs_;
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width,
+                                                       specs.width_ref, ctx);
     detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
-        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
+        specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
+    auto arg = detail::make_write_int_arg(t.value, specs.sign);
     return detail::write_int(
-        ctx.out(), static_cast<detail::uint64_or_128_t<T>>(t.value), 0, specs_,
-        detail::digit_grouping<char>("\3", ","));
+        ctx.out(), static_cast<detail::uint64_or_128_t<T>>(arg.abs_value),
+        arg.prefix, specs, detail::digit_grouping<char>("\3", ","));
   }
 };
 
-// DEPRECATED! join_view will be moved to ranges.h.
-template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char = char>
-struct join_view : detail::view {
-  It begin;
-  Sentinel end;
-  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
-
-  join_view(It b, Sentinel e, basic_string_view<Char> s)
-      : begin(b), end(e), sep(s) {}
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct nested_view {
+  const formatter<T, Char>* fmt;
+  const T* value;
 };
 
-template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
-struct formatter<join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>, Char> {
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<nested_view<T, Char>, Char> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(nested_view<T, Char> view, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return view.fmt->format(*view.value, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char = char> struct nested_formatter {
  private:
-  using value_type =
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_ranges
-      std::iter_value_t<It>;
-#else
-      typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
-#endif
-  formatter<remove_cvref_t<value_type>, Char> value_formatter_;
+  int width_;
+  detail::fill_t fill_;
+  align_t align_ : 4;
+  formatter<T, Char> formatter_;
 
  public:
-  template <typename ParseContext>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> const Char* {
-    return value_formatter_.parse(ctx);
+  constexpr nested_formatter() : width_(0), align_(align_t::none) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto specs = detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char>();
+    auto it = parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), specs, ctx,
+                                 detail::type::none_type);
+    width_ = specs.width;
+    fill_ = specs.fill;
+    align_ = specs.align;
+    ctx.advance_to(it);
+    return formatter_.parse(ctx);
   }
 
-  template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(const join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>& value,
-              FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    auto it = value.begin;
-    auto out = ctx.out();
-    if (it != value.end) {
-      out = value_formatter_.format(*it, ctx);
-      ++it;
-      while (it != value.end) {
-        out = detail::copy_str<Char>(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
-        ctx.advance_to(out);
-        out = value_formatter_.format(*it, ctx);
-        ++it;
-      }
-    }
-    return out;
+  template <typename FormatContext, typename F>
+  auto write_padded(FormatContext& ctx, F write) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    if (width_ == 0) return write(ctx.out());
+    auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
+    write(basic_appender<Char>(buf));
+    auto specs = format_specs();
+    specs.width = width_;
+    specs.fill = fill_;
+    specs.align = align_;
+    return detail::write<Char>(
+        ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs);
+  }
+
+  auto nested(const T& value) const -> nested_view<T, Char> {
+    return nested_view<T, Char>{&formatter_, &value};
   }
 };
 
 /**
-  Returns a view that formats the iterator range `[begin, end)` with elements
-  separated by `sep`.
- */
-template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
-auto join(It begin, Sentinel end, string_view sep) -> join_view<It, Sentinel> {
-  return {begin, end, sep};
-}
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Returns a view that formats `range` with elements separated by `sep`.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
-    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
-    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
-
-  ``fmt::join`` applies passed format specifiers to the range elements::
-
-    fmt::print("{:02}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
-    // Output: "01, 02, 03"
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename Range>
-auto join(Range&& range, string_view sep)
-    -> join_view<detail::iterator_t<Range>, detail::sentinel_t<Range>> {
-  return join(std::begin(range), std::end(range), sep);
-}
-
-/**
-  \rst
-  Converts *value* to ``std::string`` using the default format for type *T*.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    #include <fmt/format.h>
-
-    std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
-  \endrst
+ * Converts `value` to `std::string` using the default format for type `T`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
  */
 template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value &&
                                     !detail::has_format_as<T>::value)>
@@ -4326,20 +4219,20 @@ namespace detail {
 template <typename Char>
 void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
                 typename vformat_args<Char>::type args, locale_ref loc) {
-  auto out = buffer_appender<Char>(buf);
+  auto out = basic_appender<Char>(buf);
   if (fmt.size() == 2 && equal2(fmt.data(), "{}")) {
     auto arg = args.get(0);
-    if (!arg) error_handler().on_error("argument not found");
-    visit_format_arg(default_arg_formatter<Char>{out, args, loc}, arg);
+    if (!arg) report_error("argument not found");
+    arg.visit(default_arg_formatter<Char>{out, args, loc});
     return;
   }
 
-  struct format_handler : error_handler {
+  struct format_handler {
     basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_context;
-    buffer_context<Char> context;
+    buffered_context<Char> context;
 
-    format_handler(buffer_appender<Char> p_out, basic_string_view<Char> str,
-                   basic_format_args<buffer_context<Char>> p_args,
+    format_handler(basic_appender<Char> p_out, basic_string_view<Char> str,
+                   basic_format_args<buffered_context<Char>> p_args,
                    locale_ref p_loc)
         : parse_context(str), context(p_out, p_args, p_loc) {}
 
@@ -4352,30 +4245,28 @@ void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
       return parse_context.next_arg_id();
     }
     FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(int id) -> int {
-      return parse_context.check_arg_id(id), id;
+      parse_context.check_arg_id(id);
+      return id;
     }
     FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) -> int {
+      parse_context.check_arg_id(id);
       int arg_id = context.arg_id(id);
-      if (arg_id < 0) on_error("argument not found");
+      if (arg_id < 0) report_error("argument not found");
       return arg_id;
     }
 
     FMT_INLINE void on_replacement_field(int id, const Char*) {
       auto arg = get_arg(context, id);
-      context.advance_to(visit_format_arg(
-          default_arg_formatter<Char>{context.out(), context.args(),
-                                      context.locale()},
-          arg));
+      context.advance_to(arg.visit(default_arg_formatter<Char>{
+          context.out(), context.args(), context.locale()}));
     }
 
     auto on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char* end)
         -> const Char* {
       auto arg = get_arg(context, id);
-      if (arg.type() == type::custom_type) {
-        parse_context.advance_to(begin);
-        visit_format_arg(custom_formatter<Char>{parse_context, context}, arg);
+      // Not using a visitor for custom types gives better codegen.
+      if (arg.format_custom(begin, parse_context, context))
         return parse_context.begin();
-      }
       auto specs = detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char>();
       begin = parse_format_specs(begin, end, specs, parse_context, arg.type());
       detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(
@@ -4383,11 +4274,13 @@ void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
       detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
           specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, context);
       if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
-        on_error("missing '}' in format string");
-      auto f = arg_formatter<Char>{context.out(), specs, context.locale()};
-      context.advance_to(visit_format_arg(f, arg));
+        report_error("missing '}' in format string");
+      context.advance_to(arg.visit(
+          arg_formatter<Char>{context.out(), specs, context.locale()}));
       return begin;
     }
+
+    FMT_NORETURN void on_error(const char* message) { report_error(message); }
   };
   detail::parse_format_string<false>(fmt, format_handler(out, fmt, args, loc));
 }
@@ -4406,19 +4299,41 @@ extern template FMT_API auto decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) -> char;
 extern template FMT_API auto decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) -> wchar_t;
 #endif  // FMT_HEADER_ONLY
 
+FMT_END_EXPORT
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, type TYPE>
+template <typename FormatContext>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto native_formatter<T, Char, TYPE>::format(
+    const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+  if (specs_.width_ref.kind == arg_id_kind::none &&
+      specs_.precision_ref.kind == arg_id_kind::none) {
+    return write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs_, ctx.locale());
+  }
+  auto specs = specs_;
+  handle_dynamic_spec<width_checker>(specs.width, specs.width_ref, ctx);
+  handle_dynamic_spec<precision_checker>(specs.precision, specs.precision_ref,
+                                         ctx);
+  return write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs, ctx.locale());
+}
+
 }  // namespace detail
 
+FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<detail::float128, Char>
+    : detail::native_formatter<detail::float128, Char,
+                               detail::type::float_type> {};
+
 #if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
 inline namespace literals {
 /**
-  \rst
-  User-defined literal equivalent of :func:`fmt::arg`.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    using namespace fmt::literals;
-    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", "s"_a=1.23);
-  \endrst
+ * User-defined literal equivalent of `fmt::arg`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     using namespace fmt::literals;
+ *     fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", "answer"_a=42);
  */
 #  if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
 template <detail_exported::fixed_string Str> constexpr auto operator""_a() {
@@ -4426,13 +4341,30 @@ template <detail_exported::fixed_string Str> constexpr auto operator""_a() {
   return detail::udl_arg<char_t, sizeof(Str.data) / sizeof(char_t), Str>();
 }
 #  else
-constexpr auto operator"" _a(const char* s, size_t) -> detail::udl_arg<char> {
+constexpr auto operator""_a(const char* s, size_t) -> detail::udl_arg<char> {
   return {s};
 }
 #  endif
 }  // namespace literals
 #endif  // FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
 
+FMT_API auto vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) -> std::string;
+
+/**
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and returns the result
+ * as a string.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     #include <fmt/format.h>
+ *     std::string message = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto format(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> std::string {
+  return vformat(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
 template <typename Locale, FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
 inline auto vformat(const Locale& loc, string_view fmt, format_args args)
     -> std::string {
@@ -4478,26 +4410,6 @@ FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(const Locale& loc,
 
 FMT_END_EXPORT
 
-template <typename T, typename Char>
-template <typename FormatContext>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto
-formatter<T, Char,
-          enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
-                      detail::type::custom_type>>::format(const T& val,
-                                                          FormatContext& ctx)
-    const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-  if (specs_.width_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none ||
-      specs_.precision_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none) {
-    auto specs = specs_;
-    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width,
-                                                       specs.width_ref, ctx);
-    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
-        specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
-    return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs, ctx.locale());
-  }
-  return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs_, ctx.locale());
-}
-
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 #ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
@@ -4507,4 +4419,9 @@ FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 #  define FMT_FUNC
 #endif
 
+// Restore _LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES.
+#ifdef FMT_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES
+#  undef _LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES
+#endif
+
 #endif  // FMT_FORMAT_H_
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/os.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/os.h
index 2126424d3..5c85ea08f 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/os.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/os.h
@@ -8,17 +8,19 @@
 #ifndef FMT_OS_H_
 #define FMT_OS_H_
 
-#include <cerrno>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <system_error>  // std::system_error
-
-#if defined __APPLE__ || defined(__FreeBSD__)
-#  include <xlocale.h>  // for LC_NUMERIC_MASK on OS X
-#endif
-
 #include "format.h"
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <cerrno>
+#  include <cstddef>
+#  include <cstdio>
+#  include <system_error>  // std::system_error
+
+#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<xlocale.h>)
+#    include <xlocale.h>  // LC_NUMERIC_MASK on macOS
+#  endif
+#endif  // FMT_MODULE
+
 #ifndef FMT_USE_FCNTL
 // UWP doesn't provide _pipe.
 #  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("winapifamily.h")
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@
 
 // Calls to system functions are wrapped in FMT_SYSTEM for testability.
 #ifdef FMT_SYSTEM
+#  define FMT_HAS_SYSTEM
 #  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) FMT_SYSTEM(call)
 #else
 #  define FMT_SYSTEM(call) ::call
@@ -74,47 +77,34 @@ FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  A reference to a null-terminated string. It can be constructed from a C
-  string or ``std::string``.
-
-  You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
-
-  +---------------+-----------------------------+
-  | Type          | Definition                  |
-  +===============+=============================+
-  | cstring_view  | basic_cstring_view<char>    |
-  +---------------+-----------------------------+
-  | wcstring_view | basic_cstring_view<wchar_t> |
-  +---------------+-----------------------------+
-
-  This class is most useful as a parameter type to allow passing
-  different types of strings to a function, for example::
-
-    template <typename... Args>
-    std::string format(cstring_view format_str, const Args & ... args);
-
-    format("{}", 42);
-    format(std::string("{}"), 42);
-  \endrst
+ * A reference to a null-terminated string. It can be constructed from a C
+ * string or `std::string`.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
+ *
+ * +---------------+-----------------------------+
+ * | Type          | Definition                  |
+ * +===============+=============================+
+ * | cstring_view  | basic_cstring_view<char>    |
+ * +---------------+-----------------------------+
+ * | wcstring_view | basic_cstring_view<wchar_t> |
+ * +---------------+-----------------------------+
+ *
+ * This class is most useful as a parameter type for functions that wrap C APIs.
  */
 template <typename Char> class basic_cstring_view {
  private:
   const Char* data_;
 
  public:
-  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string. */
+  /// Constructs a string reference object from a C string.
   basic_cstring_view(const Char* s) : data_(s) {}
 
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Constructs a string reference from an ``std::string`` object.
-    \endrst
-   */
+  /// Constructs a string reference from an `std::string` object.
   basic_cstring_view(const std::basic_string<Char>& s) : data_(s.c_str()) {}
 
-  /** Returns the pointer to a C string. */
-  const Char* c_str() const { return data_; }
+  /// Returns the pointer to a C string.
+  auto c_str() const -> const Char* { return data_; }
 };
 
 using cstring_view = basic_cstring_view<char>;
@@ -132,33 +122,30 @@ FMT_API std::system_error vwindows_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
                                          format_args args);
 
 /**
- \rst
- Constructs a :class:`std::system_error` object with the description
- of the form
-
- .. parsed-literal::
-   *<message>*: *<system-message>*
-
- where *<message>* is the formatted message and *<system-message>* is the
- system message corresponding to the error code.
- *error_code* is a Windows error code as given by ``GetLastError``.
- If *error_code* is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
- will look like "error -1".
-
- **Example**::
-
-   // This throws a system_error with the description
-   //   cannot open file 'madeup': The system cannot find the file specified.
-   // or similar (system message may vary).
-   const char *filename = "madeup";
-   LPOFSTRUCT of = LPOFSTRUCT();
-   HFILE file = OpenFile(filename, &of, OF_READ);
-   if (file == HFILE_ERROR) {
-     throw fmt::windows_error(GetLastError(),
-                              "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
-   }
- \endrst
-*/
+ * Constructs a `std::system_error` object with the description of the form
+ *
+ *     <message>: <system-message>
+ *
+ * where `<message>` is the formatted message and `<system-message>` is the
+ * system message corresponding to the error code.
+ * `error_code` is a Windows error code as given by `GetLastError`.
+ * If `error_code` is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
+ * will look like "error -1".
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     // This throws a system_error with the description
+ *     //   cannot open file 'madeup': The system cannot find the file
+ * specified.
+ *     // or similar (system message may vary).
+ *     const char *filename = "madeup";
+ *     LPOFSTRUCT of = LPOFSTRUCT();
+ *     HFILE file = OpenFile(filename, &of, OF_READ);
+ *     if (file == HFILE_ERROR) {
+ *       throw fmt::windows_error(GetLastError(),
+ *                                "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
+ *     }
+ */
 template <typename... Args>
 std::system_error windows_error(int error_code, string_view message,
                                 const Args&... args) {
@@ -169,7 +156,7 @@ std::system_error windows_error(int error_code, string_view message,
 // Can be used to report errors from destructors.
 FMT_API void report_windows_error(int error_code, const char* message) noexcept;
 #else
-inline const std::error_category& system_category() noexcept {
+inline auto system_category() noexcept -> const std::error_category& {
   return std::system_category();
 }
 #endif  // _WIN32
@@ -206,7 +193,7 @@ class buffered_file {
     other.file_ = nullptr;
   }
 
-  buffered_file& operator=(buffered_file&& other) {
+  auto operator=(buffered_file&& other) -> buffered_file& {
     close();
     file_ = other.file_;
     other.file_ = nullptr;
@@ -220,21 +207,20 @@ class buffered_file {
   FMT_API void close();
 
   // Returns the pointer to a FILE object representing this file.
-  FILE* get() const noexcept { return file_; }
+  auto get() const noexcept -> FILE* { return file_; }
 
-  FMT_API int descriptor() const;
+  FMT_API auto descriptor() const -> int;
 
-  void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
-    fmt::vprint(file_, format_str, args);
-  }
-
-  template <typename... Args>
-  inline void print(string_view format_str, const Args&... args) {
-    vprint(format_str, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  template <typename... T>
+  inline void print(string_view fmt, const T&... args) {
+    const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
+    detail::is_locking<T...>() ? fmt::vprint_buffered(file_, fmt, vargs)
+                               : fmt::vprint(file_, fmt, vargs);
   }
 };
 
 #if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+
 // A file. Closed file is represented by a file object with descriptor -1.
 // Methods that are not declared with noexcept may throw
 // fmt::system_error in case of failure. Note that some errors such as
@@ -248,6 +234,8 @@ class FMT_API file {
   // Constructs a file object with a given descriptor.
   explicit file(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
 
+  friend struct pipe;
+
  public:
   // Possible values for the oflag argument to the constructor.
   enum {
@@ -272,7 +260,7 @@ class FMT_API file {
   file(file&& other) noexcept : fd_(other.fd_) { other.fd_ = -1; }
 
   // Move assignment is not noexcept because close may throw.
-  file& operator=(file&& other) {
+  auto operator=(file&& other) -> file& {
     close();
     fd_ = other.fd_;
     other.fd_ = -1;
@@ -283,24 +271,24 @@ class FMT_API file {
   ~file() noexcept;
 
   // Returns the file descriptor.
-  int descriptor() const noexcept { return fd_; }
+  auto descriptor() const noexcept -> int { return fd_; }
 
   // Closes the file.
   void close();
 
   // Returns the file size. The size has signed type for consistency with
   // stat::st_size.
-  long long size() const;
+  auto size() const -> long long;
 
   // Attempts to read count bytes from the file into the specified buffer.
-  size_t read(void* buffer, size_t count);
+  auto read(void* buffer, size_t count) -> size_t;
 
   // Attempts to write count bytes from the specified buffer to the file.
-  size_t write(const void* buffer, size_t count);
+  auto write(const void* buffer, size_t count) -> size_t;
 
   // Duplicates a file descriptor with the dup function and returns
   // the duplicate as a file object.
-  static file dup(int fd);
+  static auto dup(int fd) -> file;
 
   // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
   // necessary.
@@ -310,13 +298,9 @@ class FMT_API file {
   // necessary.
   void dup2(int fd, std::error_code& ec) noexcept;
 
-  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
-  // and writing respectively.
-  static void pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end);
-
   // Creates a buffered_file object associated with this file and detaches
   // this file object from the file.
-  buffered_file fdopen(const char* mode);
+  auto fdopen(const char* mode) -> buffered_file;
 
 #  if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
   // Opens a file and constructs a file object representing this file by
@@ -325,15 +309,24 @@ class FMT_API file {
 #  endif
 };
 
+struct FMT_API pipe {
+  file read_end;
+  file write_end;
+
+  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
+  // and writing respectively.
+  pipe();
+};
+
 // Returns the memory page size.
-long getpagesize();
+auto getpagesize() -> long;
 
 namespace detail {
 
 struct buffer_size {
   buffer_size() = default;
   size_t value = 0;
-  buffer_size operator=(size_t val) const {
+  auto operator=(size_t val) const -> buffer_size {
     auto bs = buffer_size();
     bs.value = val;
     return bs;
@@ -366,13 +359,14 @@ struct ostream_params {
 };
 
 class file_buffer final : public buffer<char> {
+ private:
   file file_;
 
-  FMT_API void grow(size_t) override;
+  FMT_API static void grow(buffer<char>& buf, size_t);
 
  public:
   FMT_API file_buffer(cstring_view path, const ostream_params& params);
-  FMT_API file_buffer(file_buffer&& other);
+  FMT_API file_buffer(file_buffer&& other) noexcept;
   FMT_API ~file_buffer();
 
   void flush() {
@@ -389,11 +383,10 @@ class file_buffer final : public buffer<char> {
 
 }  // namespace detail
 
-// Added {} below to work around default constructor error known to
-// occur in Xcode versions 7.2.1 and 8.2.1.
-constexpr detail::buffer_size buffer_size{};
+constexpr auto buffer_size = detail::buffer_size();
 
-/** A fast output stream which is not thread-safe. */
+/// A fast output stream for writing from a single thread. Writing from
+/// multiple threads without external synchronization may result in a data race.
 class FMT_API ostream {
  private:
   FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 4251)
@@ -410,37 +403,32 @@ class FMT_API ostream {
   void flush() { buffer_.flush(); }
 
   template <typename... T>
-  friend ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params);
+  friend auto output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) -> ostream;
 
   void close() { buffer_.close(); }
 
-  /**
-    Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the
-    output to the file.
-   */
+  /// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the
+  /// output to the file.
   template <typename... T> void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-    vformat_to(detail::buffer_appender<char>(buffer_), fmt,
-               fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+    vformat_to(appender(buffer_), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in *params*:
-
-  * ``<integer>``: Flags passed to `open
-    <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html>`_
-    (``file::WRONLY | file::CREATE | file::TRUNC`` by default)
-  * ``buffer_size=<integer>``: Output buffer size
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
-    out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
-  \endrst
+ * Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in `params`:
+ *
+ * - `<integer>`: Flags passed to [open](
+ *   https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html)
+ *   (`file::WRONLY | file::CREATE | file::TRUNC` by default)
+ * - `buffer_size=<integer>`: Output buffer size
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
+ *     out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
  */
 template <typename... T>
-inline ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) {
+inline auto output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) -> ostream {
   return {path, detail::ostream_params(params...)};
 }
 #endif  // FMT_USE_FCNTL
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h
index a112fe7ba..98faef659 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h
@@ -8,19 +8,21 @@
 #ifndef FMT_OSTREAM_H_
 #define FMT_OSTREAM_H_
 
-#include <fstream>  // std::filebuf
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GLIBCXX__)
-#  include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
-#  include <ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h>
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-#  include <__std_stream>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <fstream>  // std::filebuf
 #endif
 
-#include "format.h"
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+#    include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
+#    include <ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h>
+#  endif
+#  include <io.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "chrono.h"  // formatbuf
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-
 namespace detail {
 
 // Generate a unique explicit instantion in every translation unit using a tag
@@ -37,36 +39,40 @@ class file_access {
 template class file_access<file_access_tag, std::filebuf,
                            &std::filebuf::_Myfile>;
 auto get_file(std::filebuf&) -> FILE*;
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-template class file_access<file_access_tag, std::__stdoutbuf<char>,
-                           &std::__stdoutbuf<char>::__file_>;
-auto get_file(std::__stdoutbuf<char>&) -> FILE*;
 #endif
 
-inline bool write_ostream_unicode(std::ostream& os, fmt::string_view data) {
-#if FMT_MSC_VERSION
+inline auto write_ostream_unicode(std::ostream& os, fmt::string_view data)
+    -> bool {
+  FILE* f = nullptr;
+#if FMT_MSC_VERSION && FMT_USE_RTTI
   if (auto* buf = dynamic_cast<std::filebuf*>(os.rdbuf()))
-    if (FILE* f = get_file(*buf)) return write_console(f, data);
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GLIBCXX__)
-  auto* rdbuf = os.rdbuf();
-  FILE* c_file;
-  if (auto* sfbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_sync_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
-    c_file = sfbuf->file();
-  else if (auto* fbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
-    c_file = fbuf->file();
+    f = get_file(*buf);
+  else
+    return false;
+#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(__GLIBCXX__) && FMT_USE_RTTI
+  auto* rdbuf = os.rdbuf();
+  if (auto* sfbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_sync_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
+    f = sfbuf->file();
+  else if (auto* fbuf = dynamic_cast<__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf<char>*>(rdbuf))
+    f = fbuf->file();
   else
     return false;
-  if (c_file) return write_console(c_file, data);
-#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-  if (auto* buf = dynamic_cast<std::__stdoutbuf<char>*>(os.rdbuf()))
-    if (FILE* f = get_file(*buf)) return write_console(f, data);
 #else
-  ignore_unused(os, data);
+  ignore_unused(os, data, f);
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (f) {
+    int fd = _fileno(f);
+    if (_isatty(fd)) {
+      os.flush();
+      return write_console(fd, data);
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   return false;
 }
-inline bool write_ostream_unicode(std::wostream&,
-                                  fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t>) {
+inline auto write_ostream_unicode(std::wostream&,
+                                  fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t>) -> bool {
   return false;
 }
 
@@ -87,18 +93,19 @@ void write_buffer(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename T>
-void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value,
-                  locale_ref loc = locale_ref()) {
+void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value) {
   auto&& format_buf = formatbuf<std::basic_streambuf<Char>>(buf);
   auto&& output = std::basic_ostream<Char>(&format_buf);
 #if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
-  if (loc) output.imbue(loc.get<std::locale>());
+  output.imbue(std::locale::classic());  // The default is always unlocalized.
 #endif
   output << value;
   output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
 }
 
-template <typename T> struct streamed_view { const T& value; };
+template <typename T> struct streamed_view {
+  const T& value;
+};
 
 }  // namespace detail
 
@@ -107,11 +114,10 @@ template <typename Char>
 struct basic_ostream_formatter : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
   void set_debug_format() = delete;
 
-  template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
-  auto format(const T& value, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx) const
-      -> OutputIt {
+  template <typename T, typename Context>
+  auto format(const T& value, Context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto buffer = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
-    detail::format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    detail::format_value(buffer, value);
     return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(
         {buffer.data(), buffer.size()}, ctx);
   }
@@ -122,25 +128,23 @@ using ostream_formatter = basic_ostream_formatter<char>;
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<detail::streamed_view<T>, Char>
     : basic_ostream_formatter<Char> {
-  template <typename OutputIt>
-  auto format(detail::streamed_view<T> view,
-              basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx) const -> OutputIt {
+  template <typename Context>
+  auto format(detail::streamed_view<T> view, Context& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     return basic_ostream_formatter<Char>::format(view.value, ctx);
   }
 };
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Returns a view that formats `value` via an ostream ``operator<<``.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n",
-               fmt::streamed(std::this_thread::get_id()));
-  \endrst
+ * Returns a view that formats `value` via an ostream `operator<<`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("Current thread id: {}\n",
+ *                fmt::streamed(std::this_thread::get_id()));
  */
 template <typename T>
-auto streamed(const T& value) -> detail::streamed_view<T> {
+constexpr auto streamed(const T& value) -> detail::streamed_view<T> {
   return {value};
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +162,7 @@ inline void vprint_directly(std::ostream& os, string_view format_str,
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename Char>
 void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os,
             basic_string_view<type_identity_t<Char>> format_str,
-            basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+            typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args) {
   auto buffer = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
   if (detail::write_ostream_unicode(os, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()})) return;
@@ -166,18 +170,16 @@ void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os,
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print(cerr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
-  \endrst
+ * Prints formatted data to the stream `os`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print(cerr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
  */
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename... T>
 void print(std::ostream& os, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
-  if (detail::is_utf8())
+  if (detail::use_utf8())
     vprint(os, fmt, vargs);
   else
     detail::vprint_directly(os, fmt, vargs);
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ template <typename... Args>
 void print(std::wostream& os,
            basic_format_string<wchar_t, type_identity_t<Args>...> fmt,
            Args&&... args) {
-  vprint(os, fmt, fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<wchar_t>>(args...));
+  vprint(os, fmt, fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<wchar_t>>(args...));
 }
 
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename... T>
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h
index adef6adf8..072cc6b30 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h
@@ -8,48 +8,48 @@
 #ifndef FMT_PRINTF_H_
 #define FMT_PRINTF_H_
 
-#include <algorithm>  // std::max
-#include <limits>     // std::numeric_limits
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <algorithm>  // std::max
+#  include <limits>     // std::numeric_limits
+#endif
 
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
-template <typename T> struct printf_formatter { printf_formatter() = delete; };
+template <typename T> struct printf_formatter {
+  printf_formatter() = delete;
+};
 
 template <typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
  private:
-  detail::buffer_appender<Char> out_;
+  basic_appender<Char> out_;
   basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args_;
 
+  static_assert(std::is_same<Char, char>::value ||
+                    std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value,
+                "Unsupported code unit type.");
+
  public:
   using char_type = Char;
   using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
   template <typename T> using formatter_type = printf_formatter<T>;
 
-  /**
-    \rst
-    Constructs a ``printf_context`` object. References to the arguments are
-    stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
-    \endrst
-   */
-  basic_printf_context(detail::buffer_appender<Char> out,
+  /// Constructs a `printf_context` object. References to the arguments are
+  /// stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
+  basic_printf_context(basic_appender<Char> out,
                        basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args)
       : out_(out), args_(args) {}
 
-  auto out() -> detail::buffer_appender<Char> { return out_; }
-  void advance_to(detail::buffer_appender<Char>) {}
+  auto out() -> basic_appender<Char> { return out_; }
+  void advance_to(basic_appender<Char>) {}
 
   auto locale() -> detail::locale_ref { return {}; }
 
   auto arg(int id) const -> basic_format_arg<basic_printf_context> {
     return args_.get(id);
   }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
-    detail::error_handler().on_error(message);
-  }
 };
 
 namespace detail {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace detail {
 // signed and unsigned integers.
 template <bool IsSigned> struct int_checker {
   template <typename T> static auto fits_in_int(T value) -> bool {
-    unsigned max = max_value<int>();
+    unsigned max = to_unsigned(max_value<int>());
     return value <= max;
   }
   static auto fits_in_int(bool) -> bool { return true; }
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ struct printf_precision_handler {
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T value) -> int {
     if (!int_checker<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>::fits_in_int(value))
-      throw_format_error("number is too big");
+      report_error("number is too big");
     return (std::max)(static_cast<int>(value), 0);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T) -> int {
-    throw_format_error("precision is not integer");
+    report_error("precision is not integer");
     return 0;
   }
 };
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ struct is_zero_int {
 
 template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_bool : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
 
-template <> struct make_unsigned_or_bool<bool> { using type = bool; };
+template <> struct make_unsigned_or_bool<bool> {
+  using type = bool;
+};
 
 template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
  private:
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
 // unsigned).
 template <typename T, typename Context, typename Char>
 void convert_arg(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg, Char type) {
-  visit_format_arg(arg_converter<T, Context>(arg, type), arg);
+  arg.visit(arg_converter<T, Context>(arg, type));
 }
 
 // Converts an integer argument to char for printf.
@@ -187,12 +189,12 @@ template <typename Char> struct get_cstring {
 
 // Checks if an argument is a valid printf width specifier and sets
 // left alignment if it is negative.
-template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
+class printf_width_handler {
  private:
-  format_specs<Char>& specs_;
+  format_specs& specs_;
 
  public:
-  explicit printf_width_handler(format_specs<Char>& specs) : specs_(specs) {}
+  explicit printf_width_handler(format_specs& specs) : specs_(specs) {}
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T value) -> unsigned {
@@ -201,14 +203,14 @@ template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
       specs_.align = align::left;
       width = 0 - width;
     }
-    unsigned int_max = max_value<int>();
-    if (width > int_max) throw_format_error("number is too big");
+    unsigned int_max = to_unsigned(max_value<int>());
+    if (width > int_max) report_error("number is too big");
     return static_cast<unsigned>(width);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   auto operator()(T) -> unsigned {
-    throw_format_error("width is not integer");
+    report_error("width is not integer");
     return 0;
   }
 };
@@ -216,12 +218,12 @@ template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
 // Workaround for a bug with the XL compiler when initializing
 // printf_arg_formatter's base class.
 template <typename Char>
-auto make_arg_formatter(buffer_appender<Char> iter, format_specs<Char>& s)
+auto make_arg_formatter(basic_appender<Char> iter, format_specs& s)
     -> arg_formatter<Char> {
   return {iter, s, locale_ref()};
 }
 
-// The ``printf`` argument formatter.
+// The `printf` argument formatter.
 template <typename Char>
 class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
  private:
@@ -233,11 +235,11 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
   void write_null_pointer(bool is_string = false) {
     auto s = this->specs;
     s.type = presentation_type::none;
-    write_bytes(this->out, is_string ? "(null)" : "(nil)", s);
+    write_bytes<Char>(this->out, is_string ? "(null)" : "(nil)", s);
   }
 
  public:
-  printf_arg_formatter(buffer_appender<Char> iter, format_specs<Char>& s,
+  printf_arg_formatter(basic_appender<Char> iter, format_specs& s,
                        context_type& ctx)
       : base(make_arg_formatter(iter, s)), context_(ctx) {}
 
@@ -251,19 +253,18 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
       base::operator()(value);
       return;
     }
-    format_specs<Char> fmt_specs = this->specs;
-    if (fmt_specs.type != presentation_type::none &&
-        fmt_specs.type != presentation_type::chr) {
+    format_specs s = this->specs;
+    if (s.type != presentation_type::none && s.type != presentation_type::chr) {
       return (*this)(static_cast<int>(value));
     }
-    fmt_specs.sign = sign::none;
-    fmt_specs.alt = false;
-    fmt_specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
+    s.sign = sign::none;
+    s.alt = false;
+    s.fill = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
     // align::numeric needs to be overwritten here since the '0' flag is
     // ignored for non-numeric types
-    if (fmt_specs.align == align::none || fmt_specs.align == align::numeric)
-      fmt_specs.align = align::right;
-    write<Char>(this->out, static_cast<Char>(value), fmt_specs);
+    if (s.align == align::none || s.align == align::numeric)
+      s.align = align::right;
+    write<Char>(this->out, static_cast<Char>(value), s);
   }
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
@@ -271,7 +272,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
     base::operator()(value);
   }
 
-  /** Formats a null-terminated C string. */
   void operator()(const char* value) {
     if (value)
       base::operator()(value);
@@ -279,7 +279,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
       write_null_pointer(this->specs.type != presentation_type::pointer);
   }
 
-  /** Formats a null-terminated wide C string. */
   void operator()(const wchar_t* value) {
     if (value)
       base::operator()(value);
@@ -289,7 +288,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
 
   void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> value) { base::operator()(value); }
 
-  /** Formats a pointer. */
   void operator()(const void* value) {
     if (value)
       base::operator()(value);
@@ -297,7 +295,6 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
       write_null_pointer();
   }
 
-  /** Formats an argument of a custom (user-defined) type. */
   void operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context_type>::handle handle) {
     auto parse_ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>({});
     handle.format(parse_ctx, context_);
@@ -305,7 +302,7 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
 };
 
 template <typename Char>
-void parse_flags(format_specs<Char>& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
+void parse_flags(format_specs& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
   for (; it != end; ++it) {
     switch (*it) {
     case '-':
@@ -315,7 +312,7 @@ void parse_flags(format_specs<Char>& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
       specs.sign = sign::plus;
       break;
     case '0':
-      specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      specs.fill = '0';
       break;
     case ' ':
       if (specs.sign != sign::plus) specs.sign = sign::space;
@@ -330,7 +327,7 @@ void parse_flags(format_specs<Char>& specs, const Char*& it, const Char* end) {
 }
 
 template <typename Char, typename GetArg>
-auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs<Char>& specs,
+auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs& specs,
                   GetArg get_arg) -> int {
   int arg_index = -1;
   Char c = *it;
@@ -342,11 +339,11 @@ auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs<Char>& specs,
       ++it;
       arg_index = value != -1 ? value : max_value<int>();
     } else {
-      if (c == '0') specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      if (c == '0') specs.fill = '0';
       if (value != 0) {
         // Nonzero value means that we parsed width and don't need to
         // parse it or flags again, so return now.
-        if (value == -1) throw_format_error("number is too big");
+        if (value == -1) report_error("number is too big");
         specs.width = value;
         return arg_index;
       }
@@ -357,17 +354,17 @@ auto parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs<Char>& specs,
   if (it != end) {
     if (*it >= '0' && *it <= '9') {
       specs.width = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, -1);
-      if (specs.width == -1) throw_format_error("number is too big");
+      if (specs.width == -1) report_error("number is too big");
     } else if (*it == '*') {
       ++it;
-      specs.width = static_cast<int>(visit_format_arg(
-          detail::printf_width_handler<Char>(specs), get_arg(-1)));
+      specs.width = static_cast<int>(
+          get_arg(-1).visit(detail::printf_width_handler(specs)));
     }
   }
   return arg_index;
 }
 
-inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t)
+inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t, bool& upper)
     -> presentation_type {
   using pt = presentation_type;
   constexpr auto integral_set = sint_set | uint_set | bool_set | char_set;
@@ -376,26 +373,31 @@ inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t)
     return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::dec : pt::none;
   case 'o':
     return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::oct : pt::none;
-  case 'x':
-    return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::hex_lower : pt::none;
   case 'X':
-    return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::hex_upper : pt::none;
-  case 'a':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::hexfloat_lower : pt::none;
-  case 'A':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::hexfloat_upper : pt::none;
-  case 'e':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::exp_lower : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'x':
+    return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::hex : pt::none;
   case 'E':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::exp_upper : pt::none;
-  case 'f':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::fixed_lower : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'e':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::exp : pt::none;
   case 'F':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::fixed_upper : pt::none;
-  case 'g':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::general_lower : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'f':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::fixed : pt::none;
   case 'G':
-    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::general_upper : pt::none;
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'g':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::general : pt::none;
+  case 'A':
+    upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'a':
+    return in(t, float_set) ? pt::hexfloat : pt::none;
   case 'c':
     return in(t, integral_set) ? pt::chr : pt::none;
   case 's':
@@ -410,7 +412,7 @@ inline auto parse_printf_presentation_type(char c, type t)
 template <typename Char, typename Context>
 void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
              basic_format_args<Context> args) {
-  using iterator = buffer_appender<Char>;
+  using iterator = basic_appender<Char>;
   auto out = iterator(buf);
   auto context = basic_printf_context<Char>(out, args);
   auto parse_ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>(format);
@@ -441,12 +443,12 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
     }
     write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(start, to_unsigned(it - 1 - start)));
 
-    auto specs = format_specs<Char>();
+    auto specs = format_specs();
     specs.align = align::right;
 
     // Parse argument index, flags and width.
     int arg_index = parse_header(it, end, specs, get_arg);
-    if (arg_index == 0) throw_format_error("argument not found");
+    if (arg_index == 0) report_error("argument not found");
 
     // Parse precision.
     if (it != end && *it == '.') {
@@ -456,8 +458,8 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
         specs.precision = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, 0);
       } else if (c == '*') {
         ++it;
-        specs.precision = static_cast<int>(
-            visit_format_arg(printf_precision_handler(), get_arg(-1)));
+        specs.precision =
+            static_cast<int>(get_arg(-1).visit(printf_precision_handler()));
       } else {
         specs.precision = 0;
       }
@@ -468,23 +470,23 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
     // specified, the '0' flag is ignored
     if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.is_integral()) {
       // Ignore '0' for non-numeric types or if '-' present.
-      specs.fill[0] = ' ';
+      specs.fill = ' ';
     }
     if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.type() == type::cstring_type) {
-      auto str = visit_format_arg(get_cstring<Char>(), arg);
+      auto str = arg.visit(get_cstring<Char>());
       auto str_end = str + specs.precision;
       auto nul = std::find(str, str_end, Char());
       auto sv = basic_string_view<Char>(
           str, to_unsigned(nul != str_end ? nul - str : specs.precision));
       arg = make_arg<basic_printf_context<Char>>(sv);
     }
-    if (specs.alt && visit_format_arg(is_zero_int(), arg)) specs.alt = false;
-    if (specs.fill[0] == '0') {
+    if (specs.alt && arg.visit(is_zero_int())) specs.alt = false;
+    if (specs.fill.template get<Char>() == '0') {
       if (arg.is_arithmetic() && specs.align != align::left)
         specs.align = align::numeric;
       else
-        specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
-                              // flag is also present.
+        specs.fill = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
+                           // flag is also present.
     }
 
     // Parse length and convert the argument to the required type.
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
     }
 
     // Parse type.
-    if (it == end) throw_format_error("invalid format string");
+    if (it == end) report_error("invalid format string");
     char type = static_cast<char>(*it++);
     if (arg.is_integral()) {
       // Normalize type.
@@ -538,18 +540,20 @@ void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
         type = 'd';
         break;
       case 'c':
-        visit_format_arg(char_converter<basic_printf_context<Char>>(arg), arg);
+        arg.visit(char_converter<basic_printf_context<Char>>(arg));
         break;
       }
     }
-    specs.type = parse_printf_presentation_type(type, arg.type());
+    bool upper = false;
+    specs.type = parse_printf_presentation_type(type, arg.type(), upper);
     if (specs.type == presentation_type::none)
-      throw_format_error("invalid format specifier");
+      report_error("invalid format specifier");
+    specs.upper = upper;
 
     start = it;
 
     // Format argument.
-    visit_format_arg(printf_arg_formatter<Char>(out, specs, context), arg);
+    arg.visit(printf_arg_formatter<Char>(out, specs, context));
   }
   write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(start, to_unsigned(it - start)));
 }
@@ -561,29 +565,21 @@ using wprintf_context = basic_printf_context<wchar_t>;
 using printf_args = basic_format_args<printf_context>;
 using wprintf_args = basic_format_args<wprintf_context>;
 
-/**
-  \rst
-  Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
-  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::printf_args`.
-  \endrst
- */
-template <typename... T>
-inline auto make_printf_args(const T&... args)
-    -> format_arg_store<printf_context, T...> {
-  return {args...};
+/// Constructs an `format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+/// arguments and can be implicitly converted to `printf_args`.
+template <typename Char = char, typename... T>
+inline auto make_printf_args(T&... args)
+    -> decltype(fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...)) {
+  return fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...);
 }
 
-// DEPRECATED!
-template <typename... T>
-inline auto make_wprintf_args(const T&... args)
-    -> format_arg_store<wprintf_context, T...> {
-  return {args...};
-}
+template <typename Char> struct vprintf_args {
+  using type = basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>;
+};
 
 template <typename Char>
-inline auto vsprintf(
-    basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+inline auto vsprintf(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                     typename vprintf_args<Char>::type args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vprintf(buf, fmt, args);
@@ -591,26 +587,22 @@ inline auto vsprintf(
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
-  \endrst
-*/
-template <typename S, typename... T,
-          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and returns the result
+ * as as string.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 inline auto sprintf(const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   return vsprintf(detail::to_string_view(fmt),
                   fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-inline auto vfprintf(
-    std::FILE* f, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
-    -> int {
+inline auto vfprintf(std::FILE* f, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                     typename vprintf_args<Char>::type args) -> int {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vprintf(buf, fmt, args);
   size_t size = buf.size();
@@ -620,36 +612,33 @@ inline auto vfprintf(
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Prints formatted data to the file *f*.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::fprintf(stderr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
-  \endrst
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
+ * to `f`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::fprintf(stderr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
  */
 template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 inline auto fprintf(std::FILE* f, const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
   return vfprintf(f, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                  fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context<Char>>(args...));
+                  make_printf_args<Char>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_DEPRECATED inline auto vprintf(
-    basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
-    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+FMT_DEPRECATED inline auto vprintf(basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                                   typename vprintf_args<Char>::type args)
     -> int {
   return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
 }
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Prints formatted data to ``stdout``.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
-  \endrst
+ * Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
+ * to `stdout`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *   fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
  */
 template <typename... T>
 inline auto printf(string_view fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
@@ -658,7 +647,7 @@ inline auto printf(string_view fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_DEPRECATED inline auto printf(basic_string_view<wchar_t> fmt,
                                   const T&... args) -> int {
-  return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, make_wprintf_args(args...));
+  return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, make_printf_args<wchar_t>(args...));
 }
 
 FMT_END_EXPORT
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h
index 65beba5bf..0d3dfbd8d 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h
@@ -1,78 +1,38 @@
-// Formatting library for C++ - experimental range support
+// Formatting library for C++ - range and tuple support
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich and {fmt} contributors
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // For the license information refer to format.h.
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2018 - present, Remotion (Igor Schulz)
-// All Rights Reserved
-// {fmt} support for ranges, containers and types tuple interface.
 
 #ifndef FMT_RANGES_H_
 #define FMT_RANGES_H_
 
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <type_traits>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <initializer_list>
+#  include <iterator>
+#  include <string>
+#  include <tuple>
+#  include <type_traits>
+#  include <utility>
+#endif
 
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
+FMT_EXPORT
+enum class range_format { disabled, map, set, sequence, string, debug_string };
+
 namespace detail {
 
-template <typename Range, typename OutputIt>
-auto copy(const Range& range, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  for (auto it = range.begin(), end = range.end(); it != end; ++it)
-    *out++ = *it;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt>
-auto copy(const char* str, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  while (*str) *out++ = *str++;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt> auto copy(char ch, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  *out++ = ch;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt> auto copy(wchar_t ch, OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
-  *out++ = ch;
-  return out;
-}
-
-// Returns true if T has a std::string-like interface, like std::string_view.
-template <typename T> class is_std_string_like {
-  template <typename U>
-  static auto check(U* p)
-      -> decltype((void)p->find('a'), p->length(), (void)p->data(), int());
-  template <typename> static void check(...);
-
- public:
-  static constexpr const bool value =
-      is_string<T>::value ||
-      std::is_convertible<T, std_string_view<char>>::value ||
-      !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
-};
-
-template <typename Char>
-struct is_std_string_like<fmt::basic_string_view<Char>> : std::true_type {};
-
 template <typename T> class is_map {
   template <typename U> static auto check(U*) -> typename U::mapped_type;
   template <typename> static void check(...);
 
  public:
-#ifdef FMT_FORMAT_MAP_AS_LIST  // DEPRECATED!
-  static constexpr const bool value = false;
-#else
   static constexpr const bool value =
       !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
-#endif
 };
 
 template <typename T> class is_set {
@@ -80,12 +40,8 @@ template <typename T> class is_set {
   template <typename> static void check(...);
 
  public:
-#ifdef FMT_FORMAT_SET_AS_LIST  // DEPRECATED!
-  static constexpr const bool value = false;
-#else
   static constexpr const bool value =
       !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value && !is_map<T>::value;
-#endif
 };
 
 template <typename... Ts> struct conditional_helper {};
@@ -114,17 +70,17 @@ template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
 struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
-struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().begin()),
+struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T, void_t<decltype(*std::declval<T>().begin()),
                                            decltype(std::declval<T>().end())>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
-// Member function overload
+// Member function overloads.
 template <typename T>
 auto range_begin(T&& rng) FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(static_cast<T&&>(rng).begin());
 template <typename T>
 auto range_end(T&& rng) FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(static_cast<T&&>(rng).end());
 
-// ADL overload. Only participates in overload resolution if member functions
+// ADL overloads. Only participate in overload resolution if member functions
 // are not found.
 template <typename T>
 auto range_begin(T&& rng)
@@ -145,16 +101,16 @@ struct has_mutable_begin_end : std::false_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct has_const_begin_end<
-    T,
-    void_t<
-        decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>())),
-        decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>()))>>
+    T, void_t<decltype(*detail::range_begin(
+                  std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>())),
+              decltype(detail::range_end(
+                  std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>()))>>
     : std::true_type {};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct has_mutable_begin_end<
-    T, void_t<decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<T>())),
-              decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<T>())),
+    T, void_t<decltype(*detail::range_begin(std::declval<T&>())),
+              decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<T&>())),
               // the extra int here is because older versions of MSVC don't
               // SFINAE properly unless there are distinct types
               int>> : std::true_type {};
@@ -187,7 +143,7 @@ template <size_t N> using make_index_sequence = std::make_index_sequence<N>;
 template <typename T, T... N> struct integer_sequence {
   using value_type = T;
 
-  static FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t size() { return sizeof...(N); }
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR auto size() -> size_t { return sizeof...(N); }
 };
 
 template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, N...>;
@@ -210,16 +166,17 @@ class is_tuple_formattable_ {
   static constexpr const bool value = false;
 };
 template <typename T, typename C> class is_tuple_formattable_<T, C, true> {
-  template <std::size_t... Is>
-  static std::true_type check2(index_sequence<Is...>,
-                               integer_sequence<bool, (Is == Is)...>);
-  static std::false_type check2(...);
-  template <std::size_t... Is>
-  static decltype(check2(
+  template <size_t... Is>
+  static auto all_true(index_sequence<Is...>,
+                       integer_sequence<bool, (Is >= 0)...>) -> std::true_type;
+  static auto all_true(...) -> std::false_type;
+
+  template <size_t... Is>
+  static auto check(index_sequence<Is...>) -> decltype(all_true(
       index_sequence<Is...>{},
-      integer_sequence<
-          bool, (is_formattable<typename std::tuple_element<Is, T>::type,
-                                C>::value)...>{})) check(index_sequence<Is...>);
+      integer_sequence<bool,
+                       (is_formattable<typename std::tuple_element<Is, T>::type,
+                                       C>::value)...>{}));
 
  public:
   static constexpr const bool value =
@@ -296,6 +253,18 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto maybe_set_debug_format(Formatter& f, bool set)
 template <typename Formatter>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR void maybe_set_debug_format(Formatter&, ...) {}
 
+template <typename T>
+struct range_format_kind_
+    : std::integral_constant<range_format,
+                             std::is_same<uncvref_type<T>, T>::value
+                                 ? range_format::disabled
+                             : is_map<T>::value ? range_format::map
+                             : is_set<T>::value ? range_format::set
+                                                : range_format::sequence> {};
+
+template <range_format K>
+using range_format_constant = std::integral_constant<range_format, K>;
+
 // These are not generic lambdas for compatibility with C++11.
 template <typename ParseContext> struct parse_empty_specs {
   template <typename Formatter> FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Formatter& f) {
@@ -309,8 +278,7 @@ template <typename FormatContext> struct format_tuple_element {
 
   template <typename T>
   void operator()(const formatter<T, char_type>& f, const T& v) {
-    if (i > 0)
-      ctx.advance_to(detail::copy_str<char_type>(separator, ctx.out()));
+    if (i > 0) ctx.advance_to(detail::copy<char_type>(separator, ctx.out()));
     ctx.advance_to(f.format(v, ctx));
     ++i;
   }
@@ -362,8 +330,7 @@ struct formatter<Tuple, Char,
   template <typename ParseContext>
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
     auto it = ctx.begin();
-    if (it != ctx.end() && *it != '}')
-      FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format specifier"));
+    if (it != ctx.end() && *it != '}') report_error("invalid format specifier");
     detail::for_each(formatters_, detail::parse_empty_specs<ParseContext>{ctx});
     return it;
   }
@@ -371,19 +338,17 @@ struct formatter<Tuple, Char,
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const Tuple& value, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    ctx.advance_to(detail::copy_str<Char>(opening_bracket_, ctx.out()));
+    ctx.advance_to(detail::copy<Char>(opening_bracket_, ctx.out()));
     detail::for_each2(
         formatters_, value,
         detail::format_tuple_element<FormatContext>{0, ctx, separator_});
-    return detail::copy_str<Char>(closing_bracket_, ctx.out());
+    return detail::copy<Char>(closing_bracket_, ctx.out());
   }
 };
 
 template <typename T, typename Char> struct is_range {
   static constexpr const bool value =
-      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::is_std_string_like<T>::value &&
-      !std::is_convertible<T, std::basic_string<Char>>::value &&
-      !std::is_convertible<T, detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value;
+      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::has_to_string_view<T>::value;
 };
 
 namespace detail {
@@ -405,8 +370,8 @@ template <typename Context> struct range_mapper {
 
 template <typename Char, typename Element>
 using range_formatter_type =
-    formatter<remove_cvref_t<decltype(range_mapper<buffer_context<Char>>{}.map(
-                  std::declval<Element>()))>,
+    formatter<remove_cvref_t<decltype(range_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>{}
+                                          .map(std::declval<Element>()))>,
               Char>;
 
 template <typename R>
@@ -421,6 +386,12 @@ struct is_formattable_delayed
 #endif
 }  // namespace detail
 
+template <typename...> struct conjunction : std::true_type {};
+template <typename P> struct conjunction<P> : P {};
+template <typename P1, typename... Pn>
+struct conjunction<P1, Pn...>
+    : conditional_t<bool(P1::value), conjunction<Pn...>, P1> {};
+
 template <typename T, typename Char, typename Enable = void>
 struct range_formatter;
 
@@ -436,6 +407,24 @@ struct range_formatter<
       detail::string_literal<Char, '['>{};
   basic_string_view<Char> closing_bracket_ =
       detail::string_literal<Char, ']'>{};
+  bool is_debug = false;
+
+  template <typename Output, typename It, typename Sentinel, typename U = T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<U, Char>::value)>
+  auto write_debug_string(Output& out, It it, Sentinel end) const -> Output {
+    auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
+    for (; it != end; ++it) buf.push_back(*it);
+    auto specs = format_specs();
+    specs.type = presentation_type::debug;
+    return detail::write<Char>(
+        out, basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Output, typename It, typename Sentinel, typename U = T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<U, Char>::value)>
+  auto write_debug_string(Output& out, It, Sentinel) const -> Output {
+    return out;
+  }
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR range_formatter() {}
@@ -458,17 +447,37 @@ struct range_formatter<
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
     auto it = ctx.begin();
     auto end = ctx.end();
+    detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, true);
+    if (it == end) return underlying_.parse(ctx);
 
-    if (it != end && *it == 'n') {
+    switch (detail::to_ascii(*it)) {
+    case 'n':
       set_brackets({}, {});
       ++it;
+      break;
+    case '?':
+      is_debug = true;
+      set_brackets({}, {});
+      ++it;
+      if (it == end || *it != 's') report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 's':
+      if (!std::is_same<T, Char>::value)
+        report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      if (!is_debug) {
+        set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '"'>{},
+                     detail::string_literal<Char, '"'>{});
+        set_separator({});
+        detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, false);
+      }
+      ++it;
+      return it;
     }
 
     if (it != end && *it != '}') {
-      if (*it != ':') FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format specifier"));
+      if (*it != ':') report_error("invalid format specifier");
+      detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, false);
       ++it;
-    } else {
-      detail::maybe_set_debug_format(underlying_, true);
     }
 
     ctx.advance_to(it);
@@ -477,79 +486,27 @@ struct range_formatter<
 
   template <typename R, typename FormatContext>
   auto format(R&& range, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    detail::range_mapper<buffer_context<Char>> mapper;
+    auto mapper = detail::range_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>();
     auto out = ctx.out();
-    out = detail::copy_str<Char>(opening_bracket_, out);
-    int i = 0;
     auto it = detail::range_begin(range);
     auto end = detail::range_end(range);
+    if (is_debug) return write_debug_string(out, std::move(it), end);
+
+    out = detail::copy<Char>(opening_bracket_, out);
+    int i = 0;
     for (; it != end; ++it) {
-      if (i > 0) out = detail::copy_str<Char>(separator_, out);
+      if (i > 0) out = detail::copy<Char>(separator_, out);
       ctx.advance_to(out);
-      out = underlying_.format(mapper.map(*it), ctx);
+      auto&& item = *it;  // Need an lvalue
+      out = underlying_.format(mapper.map(item), ctx);
       ++i;
     }
-    out = detail::copy_str<Char>(closing_bracket_, out);
+    out = detail::copy<Char>(closing_bracket_, out);
     return out;
   }
 };
 
-enum class range_format { disabled, map, set, sequence, string, debug_string };
-
-namespace detail {
-template <typename T>
-struct range_format_kind_
-    : std::integral_constant<range_format,
-                             std::is_same<uncvref_type<T>, T>::value
-                                 ? range_format::disabled
-                             : is_map<T>::value ? range_format::map
-                             : is_set<T>::value ? range_format::set
-                                                : range_format::sequence> {};
-
-template <range_format K, typename R, typename Char, typename Enable = void>
-struct range_default_formatter;
-
-template <range_format K>
-using range_format_constant = std::integral_constant<range_format, K>;
-
-template <range_format K, typename R, typename Char>
-struct range_default_formatter<
-    K, R, Char,
-    enable_if_t<(K == range_format::sequence || K == range_format::map ||
-                 K == range_format::set)>> {
-  using range_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
-  range_formatter<detail::uncvref_type<range_type>, Char> underlying_;
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR range_default_formatter() { init(range_format_constant<K>()); }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void init(range_format_constant<range_format::set>) {
-    underlying_.set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{},
-                             detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{});
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void init(range_format_constant<range_format::map>) {
-    underlying_.set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{},
-                             detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{});
-    underlying_.underlying().set_brackets({}, {});
-    underlying_.underlying().set_separator(
-        detail::string_literal<Char, ':', ' '>{});
-  }
-
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void init(range_format_constant<range_format::sequence>) {}
-
-  template <typename ParseContext>
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
-    return underlying_.parse(ctx);
-  }
-
-  template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(range_type& range, FormatContext& ctx) const
-      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    return underlying_.format(range, ctx);
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace detail
-
+FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename T, typename Char, typename Enable = void>
 struct range_format_kind
     : conditional_t<
@@ -559,18 +516,221 @@ struct range_format_kind
 template <typename R, typename Char>
 struct formatter<
     R, Char,
-    enable_if_t<conjunction<bool_constant<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value !=
-                                          range_format::disabled>
+    enable_if_t<conjunction<
+        bool_constant<
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::disabled &&
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::map &&
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::string &&
+            range_format_kind<R, Char>::value != range_format::debug_string>
 // Workaround a bug in MSVC 2015 and earlier.
 #if !FMT_MSC_VERSION || FMT_MSC_VERSION >= 1910
-                            ,
-                            detail::is_formattable_delayed<R, Char>
+        ,
+        detail::is_formattable_delayed<R, Char>
 #endif
-                            >::value>>
-    : detail::range_default_formatter<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value, R,
-                                      Char> {
+        >::value>> {
+ private:
+  using range_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
+  range_formatter<detail::uncvref_type<range_type>, Char> range_formatter_;
+
+ public:
+  using nonlocking = void;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR formatter() {
+    if (detail::const_check(range_format_kind<R, Char>::value !=
+                            range_format::set))
+      return;
+    range_formatter_.set_brackets(detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{},
+                                  detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{});
+  }
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return range_formatter_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(range_type& range, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return range_formatter_.format(range, ctx);
+  }
 };
 
+// A map formatter.
+template <typename R, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    R, Char,
+    enable_if_t<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value == range_format::map>> {
+ private:
+  using map_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
+  using element_type = detail::uncvref_type<map_type>;
+
+  decltype(detail::tuple::get_formatters<element_type, Char>(
+      detail::tuple_index_sequence<element_type>())) formatters_;
+  bool no_delimiters_ = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR formatter() {}
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin();
+    auto end = ctx.end();
+    if (it != end) {
+      if (detail::to_ascii(*it) == 'n') {
+        no_delimiters_ = true;
+        ++it;
+      }
+      if (it != end && *it != '}') {
+        if (*it != ':') report_error("invalid format specifier");
+        ++it;
+      }
+      ctx.advance_to(it);
+    }
+    detail::for_each(formatters_, detail::parse_empty_specs<ParseContext>{ctx});
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(map_type& map, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    basic_string_view<Char> open = detail::string_literal<Char, '{'>{};
+    if (!no_delimiters_) out = detail::copy<Char>(open, out);
+    int i = 0;
+    auto mapper = detail::range_mapper<buffered_context<Char>>();
+    basic_string_view<Char> sep = detail::string_literal<Char, ',', ' '>{};
+    for (auto&& value : map) {
+      if (i > 0) out = detail::copy<Char>(sep, out);
+      ctx.advance_to(out);
+      detail::for_each2(formatters_, mapper.map(value),
+                        detail::format_tuple_element<FormatContext>{
+                            0, ctx, detail::string_literal<Char, ':', ' '>{}});
+      ++i;
+    }
+    basic_string_view<Char> close = detail::string_literal<Char, '}'>{};
+    if (!no_delimiters_) out = detail::copy<Char>(close, out);
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+// A (debug_)string formatter.
+template <typename R, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    R, Char,
+    enable_if_t<range_format_kind<R, Char>::value == range_format::string ||
+                range_format_kind<R, Char>::value ==
+                    range_format::debug_string>> {
+ private:
+  using range_type = detail::maybe_const_range<R>;
+  using string_type =
+      conditional_t<std::is_constructible<
+                        detail::std_string_view<Char>,
+                        decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<R>())),
+                        decltype(detail::range_end(std::declval<R>()))>::value,
+                    detail::std_string_view<Char>, std::basic_string<Char>>;
+
+  formatter<string_type, Char> underlying_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return underlying_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(range_type& range, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    if (detail::const_check(range_format_kind<R, Char>::value ==
+                            range_format::debug_string))
+      *out++ = '"';
+    out = underlying_.format(
+        string_type{detail::range_begin(range), detail::range_end(range)}, ctx);
+    if (detail::const_check(range_format_kind<R, Char>::value ==
+                            range_format::debug_string))
+      *out++ = '"';
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char = char>
+struct join_view : detail::view {
+  It begin;
+  Sentinel end;
+  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
+
+  join_view(It b, Sentinel e, basic_string_view<Char> s)
+      : begin(std::move(b)), end(e), sep(s) {}
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
+struct formatter<join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>, Char> {
+ private:
+  using value_type =
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_ranges
+      std::iter_value_t<It>;
+#else
+      typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
+#endif
+  formatter<remove_cvref_t<value_type>, Char> value_formatter_;
+
+  using view_ref = conditional_t<std::is_copy_constructible<It>::value,
+                                 const join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>&,
+                                 join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>&&>;
+
+ public:
+  using nonlocking = void;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> const Char* {
+    return value_formatter_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(view_ref& value, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto it = std::forward<view_ref>(value).begin;
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    if (it == value.end) return out;
+    out = value_formatter_.format(*it, ctx);
+    ++it;
+    while (it != value.end) {
+      out = detail::copy<Char>(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+      ctx.advance_to(out);
+      out = value_formatter_.format(*it, ctx);
+      ++it;
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+/// Returns a view that formats the iterator range `[begin, end)` with elements
+/// separated by `sep`.
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
+auto join(It begin, Sentinel end, string_view sep) -> join_view<It, Sentinel> {
+  return {std::move(begin), end, sep};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a view that formats `range` with elements separated by `sep`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto v = std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3};
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+ *     // Output: 1, 2, 3
+ *
+ * `fmt::join` applies passed format specifiers to the range elements:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("{:02}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+ *     // Output: 01, 02, 03
+ */
+template <typename Range>
+auto join(Range&& r, string_view sep)
+    -> join_view<decltype(detail::range_begin(r)),
+                 decltype(detail::range_end(r))> {
+  return {detail::range_begin(r), detail::range_end(r), sep};
+}
+
 template <typename Char, typename... T> struct tuple_join_view : detail::view {
   const std::tuple<T...>& tuple;
   basic_string_view<Char> sep;
@@ -620,7 +780,7 @@ struct formatter<tuple_join_view<Char, T...>, Char> {
     if (N > 1) {
       auto end1 = do_parse(ctx, std::integral_constant<size_t, N - 1>());
       if (end != end1)
-        FMT_THROW(format_error("incompatible format specs for tuple elements"));
+        report_error("incompatible format specs for tuple elements");
     }
 #endif
     return end;
@@ -639,12 +799,10 @@ struct formatter<tuple_join_view<Char, T...>, Char> {
       typename FormatContext::iterator {
     auto out = std::get<sizeof...(T) - N>(formatters_)
                    .format(std::get<sizeof...(T) - N>(value.tuple), ctx);
-    if (N > 1) {
-      out = std::copy(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
-      ctx.advance_to(out);
-      return do_format(value, ctx, std::integral_constant<size_t, N - 1>());
-    }
-    return out;
+    if (N <= 1) return out;
+    out = detail::copy<Char>(value.sep, out);
+    ctx.advance_to(out);
+    return do_format(value, ctx, std::integral_constant<size_t, N - 1>());
   }
 };
 
@@ -689,15 +847,13 @@ struct formatter<
 FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 /**
-  \rst
-  Returns an object that formats `tuple` with elements separated by `sep`.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    std::tuple<int, char> t = {1, 'a'};
-    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(t, ", "));
-    // Output: "1, a"
-  \endrst
+ * Returns an object that formats `std::tuple` with elements separated by `sep`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     auto t = std::tuple<int, char>{1, 'a'};
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(t, ", "));
+ *     // Output: 1, a
  */
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, string_view sep)
@@ -705,23 +861,14 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, string_view sep)
   return {tuple, sep};
 }
 
-template <typename... T>
-FMT_CONSTEXPR auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple,
-                        basic_string_view<wchar_t> sep)
-    -> tuple_join_view<wchar_t, T...> {
-  return {tuple, sep};
-}
-
 /**
-  \rst
-  Returns an object that formats `initializer_list` with elements separated by
-  `sep`.
-
-  **Example**::
-
-    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join({1, 2, 3}, ", "));
-    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
-  \endrst
+ * Returns an object that formats `std::initializer_list` with elements
+ * separated by `sep`.
+ *
+ * **Example**:
+ *
+ *     fmt::print("{}", fmt::join({1, 2, 3}, ", "));
+ *     // Output: "1, 2, 3"
  */
 template <typename T>
 auto join(std::initializer_list<T> list, string_view sep)
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/std.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/std.h
index b4e055c28..fb43940bc 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/std.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/std.h
@@ -8,35 +8,47 @@
 #ifndef FMT_STD_H_
 #define FMT_STD_H_
 
-#include <atomic>
-#include <bitset>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <exception>
-#include <memory>
-#include <thread>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
 #include "format.h"
 #include "ostream.h"
 
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <atomic>
+#  include <bitset>
+#  include <complex>
+#  include <cstdlib>
+#  include <exception>
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <thread>
+#  include <type_traits>
+#  include <typeinfo>
+#  include <utility>
+#  include <vector>
+
+// Check FMT_CPLUSPLUS to suppress a bogus warning in MSVC.
+#  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L
+#    if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<filesystem>)
+#      include <filesystem>
+#    endif
+#    if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<variant>)
+#      include <variant>
+#    endif
+#    if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<optional>)
+#      include <optional>
+#    endif
+#  endif
+// Use > instead of >= in the version check because <source_location> may be
+// available after C++17 but before C++20 is marked as implemented.
+#  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS > 201703L && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<source_location>)
+#    include <source_location>
+#  endif
+#  if FMT_CPLUSPLUS > 202002L && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<expected>)
+#    include <expected>
+#  endif
+#endif  // FMT_MODULE
+
 #if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<version>)
 #  include <version>
 #endif
-// Checking FMT_CPLUSPLUS for warning suppression in MSVC.
-#if FMT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L
-#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<filesystem>)
-#    include <filesystem>
-#  endif
-#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<variant>)
-#    include <variant>
-#  endif
-#  if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<optional>)
-#    include <optional>
-#  endif
-#endif
 
 // GCC 4 does not support FMT_HAS_INCLUDE.
 #if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<cxxabi.h>) || defined(__GLIBCXX__)
@@ -48,54 +60,53 @@
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-// Check if typeid is available.
-#ifndef FMT_USE_TYPEID
-// __RTTI is for EDG compilers. In MSVC typeid is available without RTTI.
-#  if defined(__GXX_RTTI) || FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_rtti) || FMT_MSC_VERSION || \
-      defined(__INTEL_RTTI__) || defined(__RTTI)
-#    define FMT_USE_TYPEID 1
+// For older Xcode versions, __cpp_lib_xxx flags are inaccurately defined.
+#ifndef FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM
+#  ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM __cpp_lib_filesystem
 #  else
-#    define FMT_USE_TYPEID 0
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM 0
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem
+#ifndef FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
+#  ifdef __cpp_lib_variant
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT __cpp_lib_variant
+#  else
+#    define FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace detail {
 
-template <typename Char> auto get_path_string(const std::filesystem::path& p) {
-  return p.string<Char>();
+template <typename Char, typename PathChar>
+auto get_path_string(const std::filesystem::path& p,
+                     const std::basic_string<PathChar>& native) {
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Char, char> && std::is_same_v<PathChar, wchar_t>)
+    return to_utf8<wchar_t>(native, to_utf8_error_policy::replace);
+  else
+    return p.string<Char>();
 }
 
-template <typename Char>
+template <typename Char, typename PathChar>
 void write_escaped_path(basic_memory_buffer<Char>& quoted,
-                        const std::filesystem::path& p) {
-  write_escaped_string<Char>(std::back_inserter(quoted), p.string<Char>());
-}
-
-#  ifdef _WIN32
-template <>
-inline auto get_path_string<char>(const std::filesystem::path& p) {
-  return to_utf8<wchar_t>(p.native(), to_utf8_error_policy::replace);
-}
-
-template <>
-inline void write_escaped_path<char>(memory_buffer& quoted,
-                                     const std::filesystem::path& p) {
-  auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>();
-  write_escaped_string<wchar_t>(std::back_inserter(buf), p.native());
-  bool valid = to_utf8<wchar_t>::convert(quoted, {buf.data(), buf.size()});
-  FMT_ASSERT(valid, "invalid utf16");
-}
-#  endif  // _WIN32
-
-template <>
-inline void write_escaped_path<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
-    basic_memory_buffer<std::filesystem::path::value_type>& quoted,
-    const std::filesystem::path& p) {
-  write_escaped_string<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
-      std::back_inserter(quoted), p.native());
+                        const std::filesystem::path& p,
+                        const std::basic_string<PathChar>& native) {
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Char, char> &&
+                std::is_same_v<PathChar, wchar_t>) {
+    auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>();
+    write_escaped_string<wchar_t>(std::back_inserter(buf), native);
+    bool valid = to_utf8<wchar_t>::convert(quoted, {buf.data(), buf.size()});
+    FMT_ASSERT(valid, "invalid utf16");
+  } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Char, PathChar>) {
+    write_escaped_string<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
+        std::back_inserter(quoted), native);
+  } else {
+    write_escaped_string<Char>(std::back_inserter(quoted), p.string<Char>());
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace detail
@@ -103,9 +114,10 @@ inline void write_escaped_path<std::filesystem::path::value_type>(
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::filesystem::path, Char> {
  private:
-  format_specs<Char> specs_;
+  format_specs specs_;
   detail::arg_ref<Char> width_ref_;
   bool debug_ = false;
+  char path_type_ = 0;
 
  public:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void set_debug_format(bool set = true) { debug_ = set; }
@@ -122,29 +134,76 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::filesystem::path, Char> {
       debug_ = true;
       ++it;
     }
+    if (it != end && (*it == 'g')) path_type_ = detail::to_ascii(*it++);
     return it;
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const std::filesystem::path& p, FormatContext& ctx) const {
     auto specs = specs_;
+    auto path_string =
+        !path_type_ ? p.native()
+                    : p.generic_string<std::filesystem::path::value_type>();
+
     detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width, width_ref_,
                                                        ctx);
     if (!debug_) {
-      auto s = detail::get_path_string<Char>(p);
+      auto s = detail::get_path_string<Char>(p, path_string);
       return detail::write(ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(s), specs);
     }
     auto quoted = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
-    detail::write_escaped_path(quoted, p);
+    detail::write_escaped_path(quoted, p, path_string);
     return detail::write(ctx.out(),
                          basic_string_view<Char>(quoted.data(), quoted.size()),
                          specs);
   }
 };
+
+class path : public std::filesystem::path {
+ public:
+  auto display_string() const -> std::string {
+    const std::filesystem::path& base = *this;
+    return fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{}"), base);
+  }
+  auto system_string() const -> std::string { return string(); }
+
+  auto generic_display_string() const -> std::string {
+    const std::filesystem::path& base = *this;
+    return fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:g}"), base);
+  }
+  auto generic_system_string() const -> std::string { return generic_string(); }
+};
+
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif
+#endif  // FMT_CPP_LIB_FILESYSTEM
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <std::size_t N, typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::bitset<N>, Char> : nested_formatter<string_view> {
+ private:
+  // Functor because C++11 doesn't support generic lambdas.
+  struct writer {
+    const std::bitset<N>& bs;
+
+    template <typename OutputIt>
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator()(OutputIt out) -> OutputIt {
+      for (auto pos = N; pos > 0; --pos) {
+        out = detail::write<Char>(out, bs[pos - 1] ? Char('1') : Char('0'));
+      }
+
+      return out;
+    }
+  };
+
+ public:
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::bitset<N>& bs, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return write_padded(ctx, writer{bs});
+  }
+};
+
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename Char>
 struct formatter<std::thread::id, Char> : basic_ostream_formatter<Char> {};
@@ -180,7 +239,7 @@ struct formatter<std::optional<T>, Char,
   }
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
-  auto format(std::optional<T> const& opt, FormatContext& ctx) const
+  auto format(const std::optional<T>& opt, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     if (!opt) return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), none);
 
@@ -194,7 +253,82 @@ struct formatter<std::optional<T>, Char,
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 #endif  // __cpp_lib_optional
 
-#ifdef __cpp_lib_variant
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_expected) || FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
+auto write_escaped_alternative(OutputIt out, const T& v) -> OutputIt {
+  if constexpr (has_to_string_view<T>::value)
+    return write_escaped_string<Char>(out, detail::to_string_view(v));
+  if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Char>) return write_escaped_char(out, v);
+  return write<Char>(out, v);
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_expected
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T, typename E, typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::expected<T, E>, Char,
+                 std::enable_if_t<is_formattable<T, Char>::value &&
+                                  is_formattable<E, Char>::value>> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::expected<T, E>& value, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+
+    if (value.has_value()) {
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, "expected(");
+      out = detail::write_escaped_alternative<Char>(out, *value);
+    } else {
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, "unexpected(");
+      out = detail::write_escaped_alternative<Char>(out, value.error());
+    }
+    *out++ = ')';
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif  // __cpp_lib_expected
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_source_location
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <> struct formatter<std::source_location> {
+  template <typename ParseContext> FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::source_location& loc, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    out = detail::write(out, loc.file_name());
+    out = detail::write(out, ':');
+    out = detail::write<char>(out, loc.line());
+    out = detail::write(out, ':');
+    out = detail::write<char>(out, loc.column());
+    out = detail::write(out, ": ");
+    out = detail::write(out, loc.function_name());
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 namespace detail {
 
@@ -218,16 +352,6 @@ template <typename T, typename C> class is_variant_formattable_ {
       decltype(check(variant_index_sequence<T>{}))::value;
 };
 
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
-auto write_variant_alternative(OutputIt out, const T& v) -> OutputIt {
-  if constexpr (is_string<T>::value)
-    return write_escaped_string<Char>(out, detail::to_string_view(v));
-  else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Char>)
-    return write_escaped_char(out, v);
-  else
-    return write<Char>(out, v);
-}
-
 }  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename T> struct is_variant_like {
@@ -273,7 +397,7 @@ struct formatter<
     FMT_TRY {
       std::visit(
           [&](const auto& v) {
-            out = detail::write_variant_alternative<Char>(out, v);
+            out = detail::write_escaped_alternative<Char>(out, v);
           },
           value);
     }
@@ -285,7 +409,7 @@ struct formatter<
   }
 };
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif  // __cpp_lib_variant
+#endif  // FMT_CPP_LIB_VARIANT
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 FMT_EXPORT
@@ -299,17 +423,106 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::error_code, Char> {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const std::error_code& ec, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto out = ctx.out();
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, ec.category().name(), format_specs<Char>());
+    out = detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, ec.category().name(), format_specs());
     out = detail::write<Char>(out, Char(':'));
     out = detail::write<Char>(out, ec.value());
     return out;
   }
 };
 
+#if FMT_USE_RTTI
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+auto write_demangled_name(OutputIt out, const std::type_info& ti) -> OutputIt {
+#  ifdef FMT_HAS_ABI_CXA_DEMANGLE
+  int status = 0;
+  std::size_t size = 0;
+  std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void*)> demangled_name_ptr(
+      abi::__cxa_demangle(ti.name(), nullptr, &size, &status), &std::free);
+
+  string_view demangled_name_view;
+  if (demangled_name_ptr) {
+    demangled_name_view = demangled_name_ptr.get();
+
+    // Normalization of stdlib inline namespace names.
+    // libc++ inline namespaces.
+    //  std::__1::*       -> std::*
+    //  std::__1::__fs::* -> std::*
+    // libstdc++ inline namespaces.
+    //  std::__cxx11::*             -> std::*
+    //  std::filesystem::__cxx11::* -> std::filesystem::*
+    if (demangled_name_view.starts_with("std::")) {
+      char* begin = demangled_name_ptr.get();
+      char* to = begin + 5;  // std::
+      for (char *from = to, *end = begin + demangled_name_view.size();
+           from < end;) {
+        // This is safe, because demangled_name is NUL-terminated.
+        if (from[0] == '_' && from[1] == '_') {
+          char* next = from + 1;
+          while (next < end && *next != ':') next++;
+          if (next[0] == ':' && next[1] == ':') {
+            from = next + 2;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        *to++ = *from++;
+      }
+      demangled_name_view = {begin, detail::to_unsigned(to - begin)};
+    }
+  } else {
+    demangled_name_view = string_view(ti.name());
+  }
+  return detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, demangled_name_view);
+#  elif FMT_MSC_VERSION
+  const string_view demangled_name(ti.name());
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < demangled_name.size(); ++i) {
+    auto sub = demangled_name;
+    sub.remove_prefix(i);
+    if (sub.starts_with("enum ")) {
+      i += 4;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (sub.starts_with("class ") || sub.starts_with("union ")) {
+      i += 5;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (sub.starts_with("struct ")) {
+      i += 6;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (*sub.begin() != ' ') *out++ = *sub.begin();
+  }
+  return out;
+#  else
+  return detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, string_view(ti.name()));
+#  endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::type_info, Char  // DEPRECATED! Mixing code unit types.
+                 > {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename Context>
+  auto format(const std::type_info& ti, Context& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return detail::write_demangled_name<Char>(ctx.out(), ti);
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<
-    T, Char,
+    T, Char,  // DEPRECATED! Mixing code unit types.
     typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value>::type> {
  private:
   bool with_typename_ = false;
@@ -322,74 +535,23 @@ struct formatter<
     if (it == end || *it == '}') return it;
     if (*it == 't') {
       ++it;
-      with_typename_ = FMT_USE_TYPEID != 0;
+      with_typename_ = FMT_USE_RTTI != 0;
     }
     return it;
   }
 
-  template <typename OutputIt>
-  auto format(const std::exception& ex,
-              basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx) const -> OutputIt {
-    format_specs<Char> spec;
+  template <typename Context>
+  auto format(const std::exception& ex, Context& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto out = ctx.out();
-    if (!with_typename_)
-      return detail::write_bytes(out, string_view(ex.what()), spec);
-
-#if FMT_USE_TYPEID
-    const std::type_info& ti = typeid(ex);
-#  ifdef FMT_HAS_ABI_CXA_DEMANGLE
-    int status = 0;
-    std::size_t size = 0;
-    std::unique_ptr<char, decltype(&std::free)> demangled_name_ptr(
-        abi::__cxa_demangle(ti.name(), nullptr, &size, &status), &std::free);
-
-    string_view demangled_name_view;
-    if (demangled_name_ptr) {
-      demangled_name_view = demangled_name_ptr.get();
-
-      // Normalization of stdlib inline namespace names.
-      // libc++ inline namespaces.
-      //  std::__1::*       -> std::*
-      //  std::__1::__fs::* -> std::*
-      // libstdc++ inline namespaces.
-      //  std::__cxx11::*             -> std::*
-      //  std::filesystem::__cxx11::* -> std::filesystem::*
-      if (demangled_name_view.starts_with("std::")) {
-        char* begin = demangled_name_ptr.get();
-        char* to = begin + 5;  // std::
-        for (char *from = to, *end = begin + demangled_name_view.size();
-             from < end;) {
-          // This is safe, because demangled_name is NUL-terminated.
-          if (from[0] == '_' && from[1] == '_') {
-            char* next = from + 1;
-            while (next < end && *next != ':') next++;
-            if (next[0] == ':' && next[1] == ':') {
-              from = next + 2;
-              continue;
-            }
-          }
-          *to++ = *from++;
-        }
-        demangled_name_view = {begin, detail::to_unsigned(to - begin)};
-      }
-    } else {
-      demangled_name_view = string_view(ti.name());
+#if FMT_USE_RTTI
+    if (with_typename_) {
+      out = detail::write_demangled_name<Char>(out, typeid(ex));
+      *out++ = ':';
+      *out++ = ' ';
     }
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, demangled_name_view, spec);
-#  elif FMT_MSC_VERSION
-    string_view demangled_name_view(ti.name());
-    if (demangled_name_view.starts_with("class "))
-      demangled_name_view.remove_prefix(6);
-    else if (demangled_name_view.starts_with("struct "))
-      demangled_name_view.remove_prefix(7);
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, demangled_name_view, spec);
-#  else
-    out = detail::write_bytes(out, string_view(ti.name()), spec);
-#  endif
-    *out++ = ':';
-    *out++ = ' ';
-    return detail::write_bytes(out, string_view(ex.what()), spec);
 #endif
+    return detail::write_bytes<Char>(out, string_view(ex.what()));
   }
 };
 
@@ -436,6 +598,14 @@ struct formatter<BitRef, Char,
   }
 };
 
+template <typename T, typename Deleter>
+auto ptr(const std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter>& p) -> const void* {
+  return p.get();
+}
+template <typename T> auto ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) -> const void* {
+  return p.get();
+}
+
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct formatter<std::atomic<T>, Char,
@@ -451,15 +621,79 @@ struct formatter<std::atomic<T>, Char,
 #ifdef __cpp_lib_atomic_flag_test
 FMT_EXPORT
 template <typename Char>
-struct formatter<std::atomic_flag, Char>
-    : formatter<bool, Char> {
+struct formatter<std::atomic_flag, Char> : formatter<bool, Char> {
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const std::atomic_flag& v, FormatContext& ctx) const
       -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     return formatter<bool, Char>::format(v.test(), ctx);
   }
 };
-#endif // __cpp_lib_atomic_flag_test
+#endif  // __cpp_lib_atomic_flag_test
+
+FMT_EXPORT
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct formatter<std::complex<T>, Char> {
+ private:
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+
+  template <typename FormatContext, typename OutputIt>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto do_format(const std::complex<T>& c,
+                               detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                               FormatContext& ctx, OutputIt out) const
+      -> OutputIt {
+    if (c.real() != 0) {
+      *out++ = Char('(');
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, c.real(), specs, ctx.locale());
+      specs.sign = sign::plus;
+      out = detail::write<Char>(out, c.imag(), specs, ctx.locale());
+      if (!detail::isfinite(c.imag())) *out++ = Char(' ');
+      *out++ = Char('i');
+      *out++ = Char(')');
+      return out;
+    }
+    out = detail::write<Char>(out, c.imag(), specs, ctx.locale());
+    if (!detail::isfinite(c.imag())) *out++ = Char(' ');
+    *out++ = Char('i');
+    return out;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    if (ctx.begin() == ctx.end() || *ctx.begin() == '}') return ctx.begin();
+    return parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), specs_, ctx,
+                              detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::complex<T>& c, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto specs = specs_;
+    if (specs.width_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none ||
+        specs.precision_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none) {
+      detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width,
+                                                         specs.width_ref, ctx);
+      detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+          specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
+    }
+
+    if (specs.width == 0) return do_format(c, specs, ctx, ctx.out());
+    auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
+
+    auto outer_specs = format_specs();
+    outer_specs.width = specs.width;
+    outer_specs.fill = specs.fill;
+    outer_specs.align = specs.align;
+
+    specs.width = 0;
+    specs.fill = {};
+    specs.align = align::none;
+
+    do_format(c, specs, ctx, basic_appender<Char>(buf));
+    return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(),
+                               basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()),
+                               outer_specs);
+  }
+};
 
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 #endif  // FMT_STD_H_
diff --git a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h
index 625ec3692..b1f39ed22 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h
+++ b/dep/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@
 #ifndef FMT_XCHAR_H_
 #define FMT_XCHAR_H_
 
-#include <cwchar>
-
+#include "color.h"
 #include "format.h"
+#include "ranges.h"
 
-#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
-#  include <locale>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <cwchar>
+#  if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
+#    include <locale>
+#  endif
 #endif
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
@@ -22,9 +25,24 @@ namespace detail {
 template <typename T>
 using is_exotic_char = bool_constant<!std::is_same<T, char>::value>;
 
-inline auto write_loc(std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<wchar_t>> out,
-                      loc_value value, const format_specs<wchar_t>& specs,
-                      locale_ref loc) -> bool {
+template <typename S, typename = void> struct format_string_char {};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct format_string_char<
+    S, void_t<decltype(sizeof(detail::to_string_view(std::declval<S>())))>> {
+  using type = char_t<S>;
+};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct format_string_char<S, enable_if_t<is_compile_string<S>::value>> {
+  using type = typename S::char_type;
+};
+
+template <typename S>
+using format_string_char_t = typename format_string_char<S>::type;
+
+inline auto write_loc(basic_appender<wchar_t> out, loc_value value,
+                      const format_specs& specs, locale_ref loc) -> bool {
 #ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
   auto& numpunct =
       std::use_facet<std::numpunct<wchar_t>>(loc.get<std::locale>());
@@ -41,7 +59,7 @@ FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT
 
 using wstring_view = basic_string_view<wchar_t>;
 using wformat_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<wchar_t>;
-using wformat_context = buffer_context<wchar_t>;
+using wformat_context = buffered_context<wchar_t>;
 using wformat_args = basic_format_args<wformat_context>;
 using wmemory_buffer = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>;
 
@@ -58,19 +76,24 @@ inline auto runtime(wstring_view s) -> runtime_format_string<wchar_t> {
 #endif
 
 template <> struct is_char<wchar_t> : std::true_type {};
-template <> struct is_char<detail::char8_type> : std::true_type {};
 template <> struct is_char<char16_t> : std::true_type {};
 template <> struct is_char<char32_t> : std::true_type {};
 
+#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+template <>
+struct is_char<char8_t> : bool_constant<detail::is_utf8_enabled()> {};
+#endif
+
 template <typename... T>
-constexpr format_arg_store<wformat_context, T...> make_wformat_args(
-    const T&... args) {
-  return {args...};
+constexpr auto make_wformat_args(T&... args)
+    -> decltype(fmt::make_format_args<wformat_context>(args...)) {
+  return fmt::make_format_args<wformat_context>(args...);
 }
 
 inline namespace literals {
 #if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS && !FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_ARGS
-constexpr detail::udl_arg<wchar_t> operator"" _a(const wchar_t* s, size_t) {
+constexpr auto operator""_a(const wchar_t* s, size_t)
+    -> detail::udl_arg<wchar_t> {
   return {s};
 }
 #endif
@@ -95,9 +118,15 @@ auto join(std::initializer_list<T> list, wstring_view sep)
   return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
 }
 
+template <typename... T>
+auto join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, basic_string_view<wchar_t> sep)
+    -> tuple_join_view<wchar_t, T...> {
+  return {tuple, sep};
+}
+
 template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
 auto vformat(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-             basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+             typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   auto buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
@@ -109,87 +138,98 @@ auto format(wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> std::wstring {
   return vformat(fmt::wstring_view(fmt), fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
 }
 
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T>
+auto format_to(OutputIt out, wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> OutputIt {
+  return vformat_to(out, fmt::wstring_view(fmt),
+                    fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
 // Pass char_t as a default template parameter instead of using
 // std::basic_string<char_t<S>> to reduce the symbol size.
-template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
                         !std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value)>
 auto format(const S& format_str, T&&... args) -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   return vformat(detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                 fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                 fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename Locale, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename Locale, typename S,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
-inline auto vformat(
-    const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+inline auto vformat(const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+                    typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
   return detail::vformat(loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args);
 }
 
-template <typename Locale, typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename Locale, typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 inline auto format(const Locale& loc, const S& format_str, T&&... args)
     -> std::basic_string<Char> {
-  return detail::vformat(loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                         fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+  return detail::vformat(
+      loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
+      fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const S& format_str,
-                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
-    -> OutputIt {
+                typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args) -> OutputIt {
   auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
   detail::vformat_to(buf, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args);
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... T,
-          typename Char = char_t<S>,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
-                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value)>
 inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const S& fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
   return vformat_to(out, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                    fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                    fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename Locale, typename S, typename OutputIt, typename... Args,
-          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
                                 detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
-inline auto vformat_to(
-    OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) -> OutputIt {
+inline auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+                       typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
+    -> OutputIt {
   auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
   vformat_to(buf, detail::to_string_view(format_str), args,
              detail::locale_ref(loc));
   return detail::get_iterator(buf, out);
 }
 
-template <
-    typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename S, typename... T,
-    typename Char = char_t<S>,
-    bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
-        detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&& detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value>
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value &&
+                        detail::is_locale<Locale>::value &&
+                        detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value>
 inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
                       T&&... args) ->
     typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
   return vformat_to(out, loc, detail::to_string_view(format_str),
-                    fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                    fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename... Args,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
-inline auto vformat_to_n(
-    OutputIt out, size_t n, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
-    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+inline auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n,
+                         basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                         typename detail::vformat_args<Char>::type args)
     -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
   using traits = detail::fixed_buffer_traits;
   auto buf = detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, Char, traits>(out, n);
@@ -198,21 +238,22 @@ inline auto vformat_to_n(
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... T,
-          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
                             detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 inline auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S& fmt, T&&... args)
     -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
-  return vformat_to_n(out, n, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                      fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt::basic_string_view<Char>(fmt),
+                      fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+template <typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = detail::format_string_char_t<S>,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
 inline auto formatted_size(const S& fmt, T&&... args) -> size_t {
   auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<Char>();
   detail::vformat_to(buf, detail::to_string_view(fmt),
-                     fmt::make_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>(args...));
+                     fmt::make_format_args<buffered_context<Char>>(args...));
   return buf.count();
 }
 
@@ -246,9 +287,32 @@ template <typename... T> void println(wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   return print(L"{}\n", fmt::format(fmt, std::forward<T>(args)...));
 }
 
-/**
-  Converts *value* to ``std::wstring`` using the default format for type *T*.
- */
+inline auto vformat(const text_style& ts, wstring_view fmt, wformat_args args)
+    -> std::wstring {
+  auto buf = wmemory_buffer();
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, fmt, args);
+  return fmt::to_string(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+inline auto format(const text_style& ts, wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> std::wstring {
+  return fmt::vformat(ts, fmt, fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts,
+                          wformat_string<T...> fmt, const T&... args) {
+  vprint(f, ts, fmt, fmt::make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void print(const text_style& ts, wformat_string<T...> fmt,
+                          const T&... args) {
+  return print(stdout, ts, fmt, args...);
+}
+
+/// Converts `value` to `std::wstring` using the default format for type `T`.
 template <typename T> inline auto to_wstring(const T& value) -> std::wstring {
   return format(FMT_STRING(L"{}"), value);
 }
diff --git a/dep/fmt/src/fmt.cc b/dep/fmt/src/fmt.cc
index a02167c65..fb514ad76 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/src/fmt.cc
+++ b/dep/fmt/src/fmt.cc
@@ -2,37 +2,48 @@ module;
 
 // Put all implementation-provided headers into the global module fragment
 // to prevent attachment to this module.
-#include <algorithm>
+#ifndef FMT_IMPORT_STD
+#  include <algorithm>
+#  include <bitset>
+#  include <chrono>
+#  include <cmath>
+#  include <complex>
+#  include <cstddef>
+#  include <cstdint>
+#  include <cstdio>
+#  include <cstdlib>
+#  include <cstring>
+#  include <ctime>
+#  include <exception>
+#  include <expected>
+#  include <filesystem>
+#  include <fstream>
+#  include <functional>
+#  include <iterator>
+#  include <limits>
+#  include <locale>
+#  include <memory>
+#  include <optional>
+#  include <ostream>
+#  include <source_location>
+#  include <stdexcept>
+#  include <string>
+#  include <string_view>
+#  include <system_error>
+#  include <thread>
+#  include <type_traits>
+#  include <typeinfo>
+#  include <utility>
+#  include <variant>
+#  include <vector>
+#else
+#  include <limits.h>
+#  include <stdint.h>
+#  include <stdio.h>
+#  include <time.h>
+#endif
 #include <cerrno>
-#include <chrono>
 #include <climits>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <ctime>
-#include <exception>
-#include <filesystem>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <functional>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <limits>
-#include <locale>
-#include <memory>
-#include <optional>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <string_view>
-#include <system_error>
-#include <thread>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <utility>
-#include <variant>
-#include <vector>
 #include <version>
 
 #if __has_include(<cxxabi.h>)
@@ -63,8 +74,6 @@ module;
 #  if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
 #    include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
 #    include <ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h>
-#  elif defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
-#    include <__std_stream>
 #  endif
 #  define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #  include <windows.h>
@@ -72,6 +81,10 @@ module;
 
 export module fmt;
 
+#ifdef FMT_IMPORT_STD
+import std;
+#endif
+
 #define FMT_EXPORT export
 #define FMT_BEGIN_EXPORT export {
 #define FMT_END_EXPORT }
@@ -85,6 +98,10 @@ export module fmt;
 extern "C++" {
 #endif
 
+#ifndef FMT_OS
+#  define FMT_OS 1
+#endif
+
 // All library-provided declarations and definitions must be in the module
 // purview to be exported.
 #include "fmt/args.h"
@@ -92,8 +109,12 @@ extern "C++" {
 #include "fmt/color.h"
 #include "fmt/compile.h"
 #include "fmt/format.h"
-#include "fmt/os.h"
+#if FMT_OS
+#  include "fmt/os.h"
+#endif
+#include "fmt/ostream.h"
 #include "fmt/printf.h"
+#include "fmt/ranges.h"
 #include "fmt/std.h"
 #include "fmt/xchar.h"
 
@@ -103,8 +124,12 @@ extern "C++" {
 
 // gcc doesn't yet implement private module fragments
 #if !FMT_GCC_VERSION
-module : private;
+module :private;
 #endif
 
-#include "format.cc"
-#include "os.cc"
+#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("format.cc")
+#  include "format.cc"
+#endif
+#if FMT_OS && FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("os.cc")
+#  include "os.cc"
+#endif
diff --git a/dep/fmt/src/os.cc b/dep/fmt/src/os.cc
index bca410e94..273664997 100644
--- a/dep/fmt/src/os.cc
+++ b/dep/fmt/src/os.cc
@@ -12,47 +12,51 @@
 
 #include "fmt/os.h"
 
-#include <climits>
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE
+#  include <climits>
 
-#if FMT_USE_FCNTL
-#  include <sys/stat.h>
-#  include <sys/types.h>
+#  if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+#    include <sys/stat.h>
+#    include <sys/types.h>
 
-#  ifdef _WRS_KERNEL   // VxWorks7 kernel
-#    include <ioLib.h> // getpagesize
+#    ifdef _WRS_KERNEL    // VxWorks7 kernel
+#      include <ioLib.h>  // getpagesize
+#    endif
+
+#    ifndef _WIN32
+#      include <unistd.h>
+#    else
+#      ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#        define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#      endif
+#      include <io.h>
+#    endif  // _WIN32
+#  endif    // FMT_USE_FCNTL
+
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+#    include <windows.h>
 #  endif
-
-#  ifndef _WIN32
-#    include <unistd.h>
-#  else
-#    ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#      define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#    endif
-#    include <io.h>
-
-#    ifndef S_IRUSR
-#      define S_IRUSR _S_IREAD
-#    endif
-#    ifndef S_IWUSR
-#      define S_IWUSR _S_IWRITE
-#    endif
-#    ifndef S_IRGRP
-#      define S_IRGRP 0
-#    endif
-#    ifndef S_IWGRP
-#      define S_IWGRP 0
-#    endif
-#    ifndef S_IROTH
-#      define S_IROTH 0
-#    endif
-#    ifndef S_IWOTH
-#      define S_IWOTH 0
-#    endif
-#  endif  // _WIN32
-#endif    // FMT_USE_FCNTL
+#endif
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#  include <windows.h>
+#  ifndef S_IRUSR
+#    define S_IRUSR _S_IREAD
+#  endif
+#  ifndef S_IWUSR
+#    define S_IWUSR _S_IWRITE
+#  endif
+#  ifndef S_IRGRP
+#    define S_IRGRP 0
+#  endif
+#  ifndef S_IWGRP
+#    define S_IWGRP 0
+#  endif
+#  ifndef S_IROTH
+#    define S_IROTH 0
+#  endif
+#  ifndef S_IWOTH
+#    define S_IWOTH 0
+#  endif
 #endif
 
 namespace {
@@ -182,10 +186,16 @@ void buffered_file::close() {
 }
 
 int buffered_file::descriptor() const {
-#ifdef fileno  // fileno is a macro on OpenBSD so we cannot use FMT_POSIX_CALL.
-  int fd = fileno(file_);
-#else
+#ifdef FMT_HAS_SYSTEM
+  // fileno is a macro on OpenBSD.
+#  ifdef fileno
+#    undef fileno
+#  endif
   int fd = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fileno(file_));
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  int fd = _fileno(file_);
+#else
+  int fd = fileno(file_);
 #endif
   if (fd == -1)
     FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot get file descriptor")));
@@ -196,6 +206,7 @@ int buffered_file::descriptor() const {
 #  ifdef _WIN32
 using mode_t = int;
 #  endif
+
 constexpr mode_t default_open_mode =
     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH;
 
@@ -297,29 +308,6 @@ void file::dup2(int fd, std::error_code& ec) noexcept {
   if (result == -1) ec = std::error_code(errno, std::generic_category());
 }
 
-void file::pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end) {
-  // Close the descriptors first to make sure that assignments don't throw
-  // and there are no leaks.
-  read_end.close();
-  write_end.close();
-  int fds[2] = {};
-#  ifdef _WIN32
-  // Make the default pipe capacity same as on Linux 2.6.11+.
-  enum { DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 65536 };
-  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds, DEFAULT_CAPACITY, _O_BINARY));
-#  else
-  // Don't retry as the pipe function doesn't return EINTR.
-  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/pipe.html
-  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds));
-#  endif
-  if (result != 0)
-    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot create pipe")));
-  // The following assignments don't throw because read_fd and write_fd
-  // are closed.
-  read_end = file(fds[0]);
-  write_end = file(fds[1]);
-}
-
 buffered_file file::fdopen(const char* mode) {
 // Don't retry as fdopen doesn't return EINTR.
 #  if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_POSIX_)
@@ -348,6 +336,24 @@ file file::open_windows_file(wcstring_view path, int oflag) {
 }
 #  endif
 
+pipe::pipe() {
+  int fds[2] = {};
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  // Make the default pipe capacity same as on Linux 2.6.11+.
+  enum { DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 65536 };
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds, DEFAULT_CAPACITY, _O_BINARY));
+#  else
+  // Don't retry as the pipe function doesn't return EINTR.
+  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/pipe.html
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds));
+#  endif
+  if (result != 0)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, FMT_STRING("cannot create pipe")));
+  // The following assignments don't throw.
+  read_end = file(fds[0]);
+  write_end = file(fds[1]);
+}
+
 #  if !defined(__MSDOS__)
 long getpagesize() {
 #    ifdef _WIN32
@@ -370,18 +376,17 @@ long getpagesize() {
 
 namespace detail {
 
-void file_buffer::grow(size_t) {
-  if (this->size() == this->capacity()) flush();
+void file_buffer::grow(buffer<char>& buf, size_t) {
+  if (buf.size() == buf.capacity()) static_cast<file_buffer&>(buf).flush();
 }
 
-file_buffer::file_buffer(cstring_view path,
-                         const detail::ostream_params& params)
-    : file_(path, params.oflag) {
+file_buffer::file_buffer(cstring_view path, const ostream_params& params)
+    : buffer<char>(grow), file_(path, params.oflag) {
   set(new char[params.buffer_size], params.buffer_size);
 }
 
-file_buffer::file_buffer(file_buffer&& other)
-    : detail::buffer<char>(other.data(), other.size(), other.capacity()),
+file_buffer::file_buffer(file_buffer&& other) noexcept
+    : buffer<char>(grow, other.data(), other.size(), other.capacity()),
       file_(std::move(other.file_)) {
   other.clear();
   other.set(nullptr, 0);
diff --git a/src/common/error.cpp b/src/common/error.cpp
index a85161762..4c730086d 100644
--- a/src/common/error.cpp
+++ b/src/common/error.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: PolyForm-Strict-1.0.0
 
 #include "error.h"
+#include "small_string.h"
 #include "string_util.h"
 
 #include <cstdlib>
@@ -255,6 +256,26 @@ void Error::AddSuffix(std::string_view suffix)
   m_description.append(suffix);
 }
 
+void Error::SetStringFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args)
+{
+  m_type = Type::User;
+  m_description = fmt::vformat(fmt, std::move(args));
+}
+
+void Error::AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args)
+{
+  SmallString str;
+  str.vformat(fmt, std::move(args));
+  AddPrefix(str.view());
+}
+
+void Error::AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args)
+{
+  SmallString str;
+  str.vformat(fmt, std::move(args));
+  AddSuffix(str.view());
+}
+
 void Error::AddPrefix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix)
 {
   if (errptr)
diff --git a/src/common/error.h b/src/common/error.h
index 080cb0407..b15d87431 100644
--- a/src/common/error.h
+++ b/src/common/error.h
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "small_string.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -84,54 +83,52 @@ public:
   static void SetHResult(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix, long err);
 #endif
 
+  template<typename... T>
+  void SetStringFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+  {
+    SetStringFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+
+  void AddPrefix(std::string_view prefix);
+
+  template<typename... T>
+  void AddPrefixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+  {
+    AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+
+  void AddSuffix(std::string_view suffix);
+
+  template<typename... T>
+  void AddSuffixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+  {
+    AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+
   /// Sets a formatted message.
   template<typename... T>
   static void SetStringFmt(Error* errptr, fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
   {
     if (errptr)
-      Error::SetString(errptr, fmt::vformat(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...)));
+      errptr->SetStringFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
 
-  void AddPrefix(std::string_view prefix);
-  void AddSuffix(std::string_view suffix);
   static void AddPrefix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix);
-  static void AddSuffix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix);
-
-  template<typename... T>
-  void AddPrefixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-  {
-    TinyString str;
-    fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-    AddPrefix(str.view());
-  }
-
-  template<typename... T>
-  void AddSuffixFmt(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
-  {
-    TinyString str;
-    fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-    AddSuffix(str.view());
-  }
 
   template<typename... T>
   static void AddPrefixFmt(Error* errptr, fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
   {
     if (errptr)
-    {
-      TinyString str;
-      fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-      errptr->AddPrefix(str.view());
-    }
+      errptr->AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
+
+  static void AddSuffix(Error* errptr, std::string_view prefix);
+
   template<typename... T>
   static void AddSuffixFmt(Error* errptr, fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
   {
     if (errptr)
-    {
-      TinyString str;
-      fmt::vformat_to(std::back_inserter(str), fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
-      errptr->AddSuffix(str.view());
-    }
+      errptr->AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
   }
 
   Error& operator=(const Error& e);
@@ -140,6 +137,10 @@ public:
   bool operator!=(const Error& e) const;
 
 private:
+  void SetStringFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);
+  void AddPrefixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);
+  void AddSuffixFmtArgs(fmt::string_view fmt, fmt::format_args args);
+
   Type m_type = Type::None;
   std::string m_description;
 };
diff --git a/src/common/file_system.cpp b/src/common/file_system.cpp
index 5f1f67788..8f762016f 100644
--- a/src/common/file_system.cpp
+++ b/src/common/file_system.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "string_util.h"
 #include "timer.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
diff --git a/src/common/log.h b/src/common/log.h
index 737a7eb79..1f73234c8 100644
--- a/src/common/log.h
+++ b/src/common/log.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstdarg>
diff --git a/src/common/progress_callback.h b/src/common/progress_callback.h
index b9b19c94d..5204fd8a2 100644
--- a/src/common/progress_callback.h
+++ b/src/common/progress_callback.h
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 #include "small_string.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 class ProgressCallback
diff --git a/src/common/small_string.h b/src/common/small_string.h
index ad2660008..3656129bf 100644
--- a/src/common/small_string.h
+++ b/src/common/small_string.h
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 
 #include "types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <limits>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ public:
   ALWAYS_INLINE const char& front() const { return m_buffer[0]; }
   ALWAYS_INLINE char& back() { return m_buffer[m_length - 1]; }
   ALWAYS_INLINE const char& back() const { return m_buffer[m_length - 1]; }
-  ALWAYS_INLINE void push_back(value_type&& val) { append(val); }
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void push_back(value_type val) { append(val); }
   ALWAYS_INLINE void pop_back() { erase(-1); }
 
   // returns a string view for this string
@@ -422,13 +423,13 @@ ALWAYS_INLINE void SmallStringBase::format(fmt::format_string<T...> fmt, T&&...
   struct fmt::formatter<type>                                                                                          \
   {                                                                                                                    \
     template<typename ParseContext>                                                                                    \
-    constexpr auto parse(ParseContext& ctx)                                                                            \
+    constexpr auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) const                                                                      \
     {                                                                                                                  \
       return ctx.begin();                                                                                              \
     }                                                                                                                  \
                                                                                                                        \
     template<typename FormatContext>                                                                                   \
-    auto format(const type& str, FormatContext& ctx)                                                                   \
+    auto format(const type& str, FormatContext& ctx) const                                                             \
     {                                                                                                                  \
       return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{}", str.view());                                                              \
     }                                                                                                                  \
diff --git a/src/core/analog_controller.cpp b/src/core/analog_controller.cpp
index d448a1ac7..7529fc072 100644
--- a/src/core/analog_controller.cpp
+++ b/src/core/analog_controller.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 
diff --git a/src/core/analog_joystick.cpp b/src/core/analog_joystick.cpp
index 712f78dff..4f1c3f52c 100644
--- a/src/core/analog_joystick.cpp
+++ b/src/core/analog_joystick.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 Log_SetChannel(AnalogJoystick);
 
diff --git a/src/core/cdrom.cpp b/src/core/cdrom.cpp
index 63fcd98e6..9bbd69431 100644
--- a/src/core/cdrom.cpp
+++ b/src/core/cdrom.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "common/heap_array.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 #include "imgui.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
diff --git a/src/core/cpu_core.cpp b/src/core/cpu_core.cpp
index d029e65b3..8c87eab54 100644
--- a/src/core/cpu_core.cpp
+++ b/src/core/cpu_core.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include "common/file_system.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <cstdio>
 
 Log_SetChannel(CPU::Core);
diff --git a/src/core/game_database.cpp b/src/core/game_database.cpp
index 103d6c89e..9ca78c2b0 100644
--- a/src/core/game_database.cpp
+++ b/src/core/game_database.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsEmoji.h"
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 Log_SetChannel(GameDatabase);
 
diff --git a/src/core/game_list.cpp b/src/core/game_list.cpp
index eabccd2ca..936dff564 100644
--- a/src/core/game_list.cpp
+++ b/src/core/game_list.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "common/timer.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <ctime>
diff --git a/src/core/host.cpp b/src/core/host.cpp
index 244002f49..c7260bbd3 100644
--- a/src/core/host.cpp
+++ b/src/core/host.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
-#include "imgui.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <limits>
diff --git a/src/core/hotkeys.cpp b/src/core/hotkeys.cpp
index 4c0c3cd78..69cd1b1e8 100644
--- a/src/core/hotkeys.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hotkeys.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsEmoji.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 
diff --git a/src/core/memory_card.cpp b/src/core/memory_card.cpp
index 9699e6b73..9e9d86040 100644
--- a/src/core/memory_card.cpp
+++ b/src/core/memory_card.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 Log_SetChannel(MemoryCard);
 
diff --git a/src/core/negcon_rumble.cpp b/src/core/negcon_rumble.cpp
index 4b172e49d..00f3f3842 100644
--- a/src/core/negcon_rumble.cpp
+++ b/src/core/negcon_rumble.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2022 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com> and contributors.
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com> and contributors.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: PolyForm-Strict-1.0.0
 
 #include "negcon_rumble.h"
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 
diff --git a/src/core/pad.cpp b/src/core/pad.cpp
index d6d370e02..2a0f086ea 100644
--- a/src/core/pad.cpp
+++ b/src/core/pad.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "common/log.h"
 
 #include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <memory>
diff --git a/src/core/settings.cpp b/src/core/settings.cpp
index 1ca4048ac..bf5fc209c 100644
--- a/src/core/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/core/settings.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cctype>
diff --git a/src/core/spu.cpp b/src/core/spu.cpp
index 78cc9dd9e..37922cdfc 100644
--- a/src/core/spu.cpp
+++ b/src/core/spu.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/path.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <memory>
 
 Log_SetChannel(SPU);
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/autoupdaterdialog.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/autoupdaterdialog.cpp
index 82521fcad..a90aa5e5f 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/autoupdaterdialog.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/autoupdaterdialog.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
 #include <QtCore/QFile>
 #include <QtCore/QJsonArray>
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/controllerbindingwidgets.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/controllerbindingwidgets.cpp
index 5f0c4783b..402c4df6b 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/controllerbindingwidgets.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/controllerbindingwidgets.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtWidgets/QCheckBox>
 #include <QtWidgets/QDoubleSpinBox>
 #include <QtWidgets/QInputDialog>
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/controllerglobalsettingswidget.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/controllerglobalsettingswidget.cpp
index 7d3a7c473..ca485422c 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/controllerglobalsettingswidget.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/controllerglobalsettingswidget.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "qtutils.h"
 #include "settingwidgetbinder.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include "util/sdl_input_source.h"
 
 ControllerGlobalSettingsWidget::ControllerGlobalSettingsWidget(QWidget* parent, ControllerSettingsWindow* dialog)
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ ControllerLEDSettingsDialog::~ControllerLEDSettingsDialog() = default;
 
 void ControllerLEDSettingsDialog::linkButton(ColorPickerButton* button, u32 player_id)
 {
-  std::string key(fmt::format("Player{}LED", player_id));
+  std::string key = fmt::format("Player{}LED", player_id);
   const u32 current_value =
     SDLInputSource::ParseRGBForPlayerId(m_dialog->getStringValue("SDLExtra", key.c_str(), ""), player_id);
   button->setColor(current_value);
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/inputbindingdialog.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/inputbindingdialog.cpp
index cb7089ddd..65489da8b 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/inputbindingdialog.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/inputbindingdialog.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 #include "common/bitutils.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QTimer>
 #include <QtGui/QKeyEvent>
 #include <QtGui/QMouseEvent>
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/memorycardsettingswidget.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/memorycardsettingswidget.cpp
index b374e221a..c0fd89330 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/memorycardsettingswidget.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/memorycardsettingswidget.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #include "common/small_string.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QUrl>
 #include <QtWidgets/QFileDialog>
 #include <QtWidgets/QLabel>
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/memoryscannerwindow.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/memoryscannerwindow.cpp
index 295020d11..2d478c346 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/memoryscannerwindow.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/memoryscannerwindow.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtCore/QFileInfo>
 #include <QtGui/QColor>
 #include <QtWidgets/QFileDialog>
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/qthost.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/qthost.cpp
index f9dab3267..401501732 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/qthost.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/qthost.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "setupwizarddialog.h"
 
 #include "core/achievements.h"
+#include "core/bus.h"
 #include "core/cheats.h"
 #include "core/controller.h"
 #include "core/fullscreen_ui.h"
@@ -45,8 +46,7 @@
 
 #include "scmversion/scmversion.h"
 
-#include "core/bus.h"
-#include "imgui.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
 #include <QtCore/QDateTime>
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ void EmuThread::startDumpingAudio()
     return;
   }
 
-  //System::StartDumpingAudio();
+  // System::StartDumpingAudio();
 }
 
 void EmuThread::stopDumpingAudio()
@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ void EmuThread::stopDumpingAudio()
     return;
   }
 
-  //System::StopDumpingAudio();
+  // System::StopDumpingAudio();
 }
 
 void EmuThread::singleStepCPU()
diff --git a/src/duckstation-qt/setupwizarddialog.cpp b/src/duckstation-qt/setupwizarddialog.cpp
index 5cb8a85b4..2acbc9fcb 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-qt/setupwizarddialog.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-qt/setupwizarddialog.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 
 #include "common/file_system.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <QtWidgets/QMessageBox>
 
 SetupWizardDialog::SetupWizardDialog()
diff --git a/src/duckstation-regtest/regtest_host.cpp b/src/duckstation-regtest/regtest_host.cpp
index c2901b55a..2cab428c8 100644
--- a/src/duckstation-regtest/regtest_host.cpp
+++ b/src/duckstation-regtest/regtest_host.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "common/timer.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <csignal>
 #include <cstdio>
 
diff --git a/src/util/cd_image.cpp b/src/util/cd_image.cpp
index 029f3434c..363a75685 100644
--- a/src/util/cd_image.cpp
+++ b/src/util/cd_image.cpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<CDImage> CDImage::Open(const char* filename, bool allow_patches,
     {
       image = CDImage::OverlayPPFPatch(ppf_filename.c_str(), std::move(image));
       if (!image)
-        Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("Failed to apply ppf patch from '{}'.", ppf_filename));
+        Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Failed to apply ppf patch from '{}'.", ppf_filename);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/util/cd_image_device.cpp b/src/util/cd_image_device.cpp
index 56a19f13c..8710cfdf6 100644
--- a/src/util/cd_image_device.cpp
+++ b/src/util/cd_image_device.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include "common/small_string.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ bool CDImageDeviceWin32::Open(const char* filename, Error* error)
   if (m_tracks.empty())
   {
     ERROR_LOG("File '{}' contains no tracks", filename);
-    Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("File '{}' contains no tracks", filename));
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "File '{}' contains no tracks", filename);
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/util/cd_image_hasher.cpp b/src/util/cd_image_hasher.cpp
index e9b650931..8fbf687e0 100644
--- a/src/util/cd_image_hasher.cpp
+++ b/src/util/cd_image_hasher.cpp
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
 
 #include "cd_image_hasher.h"
 #include "cd_image.h"
-
-#include "util/host.h"
+#include "host.h"
 
 #include "common/md5_digest.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 namespace CDImageHasher {
 
 static bool ReadIndex(CDImage* image, u8 track, u8 index, MD5Digest* digest, ProgressCallback* progress_callback);
diff --git a/src/util/cd_image_pbp.cpp b/src/util/cd_image_pbp.cpp
index be4740e9b..edf9010dc 100644
--- a/src/util/cd_image_pbp.cpp
+++ b/src/util/cd_image_pbp.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "common/path.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 #include "zlib.h"
 
 #include <array>
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ bool CDImagePBP::OpenDisc(u32 index, Error* error)
   if (index >= m_disc_offsets.size())
   {
     ERROR_LOG("File does not contain disc {}", index + 1);
-    Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("File does not contain disc {}", index + 1));
+    Error::SetStringFmt(error, "File does not contain disc {}", index + 1);
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/util/cue_parser.cpp b/src/util/cue_parser.cpp
index ed3000a67..7c2f6d395 100644
--- a/src/util/cue_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/util/cue_parser.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void CueParser::File::SetError(u32 line_number, Error* error, const char* format
   va_end(ap);
 
   ERROR_LOG("Cue parse error at line {}: {}", line_number, str.c_str());
-  Error::SetString(error, fmt::format("Cue parse error at line {}: {}", line_number, str));
+  Error::SetStringFmt(error, "Cue parse error at line {}: {}", line_number, str);
 }
 
 std::string_view CueParser::File::GetToken(const char*& line)
diff --git a/src/util/input_source.cpp b/src/util/input_source.cpp
index 44e151f64..e1179c7ea 100644
--- a/src/util/input_source.cpp
+++ b/src/util/input_source.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: PolyForm-Strict-1.0.0
 
 #include "input_source.h"
+
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
 InputSource::InputSource() = default;
 
 InputSource::~InputSource() = default;
diff --git a/src/util/pch.h b/src/util/pch.h
index 90af4e7ca..0b1136559 100644
--- a/src/util/pch.h
+++ b/src/util/pch.h
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "common/types.h"
 
-#include "fmt/core.h"
-#include "fmt/format.h"
+#include "fmt/base.h"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
diff --git a/src/util/sdl_input_source.cpp b/src/util/sdl_input_source.cpp
index a27d8b958..ad83b0559 100644
--- a/src/util/sdl_input_source.cpp
+++ b/src/util/sdl_input_source.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 
diff --git a/src/util/win32_raw_input_source.cpp b/src/util/win32_raw_input_source.cpp
index 8b93fd2ad..6e7a56966 100644
--- a/src/util/win32_raw_input_source.cpp
+++ b/src/util/win32_raw_input_source.cpp
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: PolyForm-Strict-1.0.0
 
 #include "win32_raw_input_source.h"
+#include "input_manager.h"
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
-#include "core/host.h"
-#include "core/system.h"
-#include "input_manager.h"
+
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <hidsdi.h>
diff --git a/src/util/xinput_source.cpp b/src/util/xinput_source.cpp
index aa86639c9..627d2b733 100644
--- a/src/util/xinput_source.cpp
+++ b/src/util/xinput_source.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "IconsPromptFont.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
 
 #include <cmath>