GPUDump: Add GPU dump recording and playback

Implements the specification from:

https://github.com/ps1dev/standards/blob/main/GPUDUMP.md

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ add_library(core
   gpu_backend.cpp
   gpu_backend.h
   gpu_commands.cpp
+  gpu_dump.cpp
+  gpu_dump.h
   gpu_hw.cpp
   gpu_hw.h
   gpu_hw_shadergen.cpp

src/core/core.vcxproj

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="gdb_server.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_backend.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_commands.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="gpu_dump.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_hw_shadergen.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_hw_texture_cache.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_shadergen.cpp" />
@@ -124,6 +125,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="game_list.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="gdb_server.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="gpu_backend.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="gpu_dump.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="gpu_hw_shadergen.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="gpu_hw_texture_cache.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="gpu_shadergen.h" />

src/core/core.vcxproj.filters

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_sw_rasterizer.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="gpu_hw_texture_cache.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="memory_scanner.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="gpu_dump.cpp" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="types.h" />
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="gpu_sw_rasterizer.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="gpu_hw_texture_cache.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="memory_scanner.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="gpu_dump.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="gpu_sw_rasterizer.inl" />

src/core/cpu_core.cpp

@@ -2492,6 +2492,11 @@ void CPU::ExecuteInterpreter()
   }
 }
 
+fastjmp_buf* CPU::GetExecutionJmpBuf()
+{
+  return &s_jmp_buf;
+}
+
 void CPU::Execute()
 {
   CheckForExecutionModeChange();

src/core/cpu_core_private.h

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
 
 #pragma once
+
 #include "bus.h"
 #include "cpu_core.h"
 
+struct fastjmp_buf;
+
 namespace CPU {
 
 void SetPC(u32 new_pc);
@@ -28,6 +31,9 @@ ALWAYS_INLINE static void CheckForPendingInterrupt()
 
 void DispatchInterrupt();
 
+// access to execution jump buffer, use with care!
+fastjmp_buf* GetExecutionJmpBuf();
+
 // icache stuff
 ALWAYS_INLINE static bool IsCachedAddress(VirtualMemoryAddress address)
 {

src/core/dma.cpp

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 #include "cdrom.h"
 #include "cpu_core.h"
 #include "gpu.h"
+#include "gpu_dump.h"
 #include "imgui.h"
 #include "interrupt_controller.h"
 #include "mdec.h"
 #include "pad.h"
 #include "spu.h"
 #include "system.h"
+#include "timing_event.h"
 
 #include "util/imgui_manager.h"
 #include "util/state_wrapper.h"
@@ -802,6 +804,28 @@ TickCount DMA::TransferMemoryToDevice(u32 address, u32 increment, u32 word_count
     {
       if (g_gpu->BeginDMAWrite()) [[likely]]
       {
+        if (GPUDump::Recorder* dump = g_gpu->GetGPUDump()) [[unlikely]]
+        {
+          // No wraparound?
+          dump->BeginGP0Packet(word_count);
+          if (((address + (increment * (word_count - 1))) & mask) >= address) [[likely]]
+          {
+            dump->WriteWords(reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&Bus::g_ram[address]), word_count);
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            u32 dump_address = address;
+            for (u32 i = 0; i < word_count; i++)
+            {
+              u32 value;
+              std::memcpy(&value, &Bus::g_ram[dump_address], sizeof(u32));
+              dump->WriteWord(value);
+              dump_address = (dump_address + increment) & mask;
+            }
+          }
+          dump->EndGP0Packet();
+        }
+
         u8* ram_pointer = Bus::g_ram;
         for (u32 i = 0; i < word_count; i++)
         {

src/core/game_database.cpp

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ std::string GameDatabase::GetSerialForPath(const char* path)
 {
   std::string ret;
 
-  if (System::IsLoadableFilename(path) && !System::IsExeFileName(path) && !System::IsPsfFileName(path))
+  if (System::IsLoadablePath(path) && !System::IsExePath(path) && !System::IsPsfPath(path))
   {
     std::unique_ptr<CDImage> image(CDImage::Open(path, false, nullptr));
     if (image)

src/core/game_list.cpp

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ bool GameList::IsScannableFilename(std::string_view path)
   if (StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".bin"))
     return false;
 
-  return System::IsLoadableFilename(path);
+  return System::IsLoadablePath(path);
 }
 
 bool GameList::GetExeListEntry(const std::string& path, GameList::Entry* entry)
@@ -317,9 +317,9 @@ bool GameList::GetDiscListEntry(const std::string& path, Entry* entry)
 
 bool GameList::PopulateEntryFromPath(const std::string& path, Entry* entry)
 {
-  if (System::IsExeFileName(path))
+  if (System::IsExePath(path))
     return GetExeListEntry(path, entry);
-  if (System::IsPsfFileName(path.c_str()))
+  if (System::IsPsfPath(path.c_str()))
     return GetPsfListEntry(path, entry);
   return GetDiscListEntry(path, entry);
 }

src/core/gpu.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "gpu.h"
 #include "dma.h"
+#include "gpu_dump.h"
 #include "gpu_shadergen.h"
 #include "gpu_sw_rasterizer.h"
 #include "host.h"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "settings.h"
 #include "system.h"
 #include "timers.h"
+#include "timing_event.h"
 
 #include "util/gpu_device.h"
 #include "util/image.h"
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ static bool CompressAndWriteTextureToFile(u32 width, u32 height, std::string fil
                                           u8 quality, bool clear_alpha, bool flip_y, std::vector<u32> texture_data,
                                           u32 texture_data_stride, GPUTexture::Format texture_format,
                                           bool display_osd_message, bool use_thread);
+static void RemoveSelfFromScreenshotThreads();
 static void JoinScreenshotThreads();
 
 GPU::GPU()
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ GPU::~GPU()
   s_crtc_tick_event.Deactivate();
   s_frame_done_event.Deactivate();
 
+  StopRecordingGPUDump();
   JoinScreenshotThreads();
   DestroyDeinterlaceTextures();
   g_gpu_device->RecycleTexture(std::move(m_chroma_smoothing_texture));
@@ -93,9 +97,11 @@ GPU::~GPU()
 
 bool GPU::Initialize()
 {
+  if (!System::IsReplayingGPUDump())
+    s_crtc_tick_event.Activate();
+
   m_force_progressive_scan = (g_settings.display_deinterlacing_mode == DisplayDeinterlacingMode::Progressive);
   m_force_frame_timings = g_settings.gpu_force_video_timing;
-  s_crtc_tick_event.Activate();
   m_fifo_size = g_settings.gpu_fifo_size;
   m_max_run_ahead = g_settings.gpu_max_run_ahead;
   m_console_is_pal = System::IsPALRegion();
@@ -226,7 +232,7 @@ void GPU::SoftReset()
   m_GPUSTAT.display_area_color_depth_24 = false;
   m_GPUSTAT.vertical_interlace = false;
   m_GPUSTAT.display_disable = true;
-  m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction = DMADirection::Off;
+  m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction = GPUDMADirection::Off;
   m_drawing_area = {};
   m_drawing_area_changed = true;
   m_drawing_offset = {};
@@ -420,19 +426,19 @@ void GPU::UpdateDMARequest()
   bool dma_request;
   switch (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction)
   {
-    case DMADirection::Off:
+    case GPUDMADirection::Off:
       dma_request = false;
       break;
 
-    case DMADirection::FIFO:
+    case GPUDMADirection::FIFO:
       dma_request = m_GPUSTAT.ready_to_recieve_dma;
       break;
 
-    case DMADirection::CPUtoGP0:
+    case GPUDMADirection::CPUtoGP0:
       dma_request = m_GPUSTAT.ready_to_recieve_dma;
       break;
 
-    case DMADirection::GPUREADtoCPU:
+    case GPUDMADirection::GPUREADtoCPU:
       dma_request = m_GPUSTAT.ready_to_send_vram;
       break;
 
@@ -479,23 +485,35 @@ void GPU::WriteRegister(u32 offset, u32 value)
   switch (offset)
   {
     case 0x00:
+    {
+      if (m_gpu_dump) [[unlikely]]
+        m_gpu_dump->WriteGP0Packet(value);
+
       m_fifo.Push(value);
       ExecuteCommands();
       return;
+    }
 
     case 0x04:
+    {
+      if (m_gpu_dump) [[unlikely]]
+        m_gpu_dump->WriteGP1Packet(value);
+
       WriteGP1(value);
       return;
+    }
 
     default:
+    {
       ERROR_LOG("Unhandled register write: {:02X} <- {:08X}", offset, value);
       return;
+    }
   }
 }
 
 void GPU::DMARead(u32* words, u32 word_count)
 {
-  if (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction != DMADirection::GPUREADtoCPU)
+  if (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction != GPUDMADirection::GPUREADtoCPU)
   {
     ERROR_LOG("Invalid DMA direction from GPU DMA read");
     std::fill_n(words, word_count, UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF));
@@ -877,6 +895,11 @@ TickCount GPU::GetPendingCommandTicks() const
   return SystemTicksToGPUTicks(s_command_tick_event.GetTicksSinceLastExecution());
 }
 
+TickCount GPU::GetRemainingCommandTicks() const
+{
+  return std::max<TickCount>(m_pending_command_ticks - GetPendingCommandTicks(), 0);
+}
+
 void GPU::UpdateCRTCTickEvent()
 {
   // figure out how many GPU ticks until the next vblank or event
@@ -931,7 +954,8 @@ void GPU::UpdateCRTCTickEvent()
     ticks_until_event = std::min(ticks_until_event, ticks_until_hblank_start_or_end);
   }
 
-  s_crtc_tick_event.Schedule(CRTCTicksToSystemTicks(ticks_until_event, m_crtc_state.fractional_ticks));
+  if (!System::IsReplayingGPUDump()) [[likely]]
+    s_crtc_tick_event.Schedule(CRTCTicksToSystemTicks(ticks_until_event, m_crtc_state.fractional_ticks));
 }
 
 bool GPU::IsCRTCScanlinePending() const
@@ -1030,6 +1054,13 @@ void GPU::CRTCTickEvent(TickCount ticks)
       {
         DEBUG_LOG("Now in v-blank");
 
+        if (m_gpu_dump) [[unlikely]]
+        {
+          m_gpu_dump->WriteVSync(System::GetGlobalTickCounter());
+          if (m_gpu_dump->IsFinished()) [[unlikely]]
+            StopRecordingGPUDump();
+        }
+
         // flush any pending draws and "scan out" the image
         // TODO: move present in here I guess
         FlushRender();
@@ -1273,7 +1304,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
   const u32 param = value & UINT32_C(0x00FFFFFF);
   switch (command)
   {
-    case 0x00: // Reset GPU
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::ResetGPU):
     {
       DEBUG_LOG("GP1 reset GPU");
       s_command_tick_event.InvokeEarly();
@@ -1282,7 +1313,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x01: // Clear FIFO
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::ClearFIFO):
     {
       DEBUG_LOG("GP1 clear FIFO");
       s_command_tick_event.InvokeEarly();
@@ -1305,7 +1336,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x02: // Acknowledge Interrupt
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::AcknowledgeInterrupt):
     {
       DEBUG_LOG("Acknowledge interrupt");
       m_GPUSTAT.interrupt_request = false;
@@ -1313,7 +1344,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x03: // Display on/off
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetDisplayDisable):
     {
       const bool disable = ConvertToBoolUnchecked(value & 0x01);
       DEBUG_LOG("Display {}", disable ? "disabled" : "enabled");
@@ -1326,18 +1357,18 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x04: // DMA Direction
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetDMADirection):
     {
       DEBUG_LOG("DMA direction <- 0x{:02X}", static_cast<u32>(param));
-      if (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction != static_cast<DMADirection>(param))
+      if (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction != static_cast<GPUDMADirection>(param))
       {
-        m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction = static_cast<DMADirection>(param);
+        m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction = static_cast<GPUDMADirection>(param);
         UpdateDMARequest();
       }
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x05: // Set display start address
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetDisplayStartAddress):
     {
       const u32 new_value = param & CRTCState::Regs::DISPLAY_ADDRESS_START_MASK;
       DEBUG_LOG("Display address start <- 0x{:08X}", new_value);
@@ -1353,7 +1384,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x06: // Set horizontal display range
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetHorizontalDisplayRange):
     {
       const u32 new_value = param & CRTCState::Regs::HORIZONTAL_DISPLAY_RANGE_MASK;
       DEBUG_LOG("Horizontal display range <- 0x{:08X}", new_value);
@@ -1367,7 +1398,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x07: // Set vertical display range
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetVerticalDisplayRange):
     {
       const u32 new_value = param & CRTCState::Regs::VERTICAL_DISPLAY_RANGE_MASK;
       DEBUG_LOG("Vertical display range <- 0x{:08X}", new_value);
@@ -1381,22 +1412,9 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x08: // Set display mode
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetDisplayMode):
     {
-      union GP1_08h
+      const GP1SetDisplayMode dm{param};
-      {
-        u32 bits;
-
-        BitField<u32, u8, 0, 2> horizontal_resolution_1;
-        BitField<u32, bool, 2, 1> vertical_resolution;
-        BitField<u32, bool, 3, 1> pal_mode;
-        BitField<u32, bool, 4, 1> display_area_color_depth;
-        BitField<u32, bool, 5, 1> vertical_interlace;
-        BitField<u32, bool, 6, 1> horizontal_resolution_2;
-        BitField<u32, bool, 7, 1> reverse_flag;
-      };
-
-      const GP1_08h dm{param};
       GPUSTAT new_GPUSTAT{m_GPUSTAT.bits};
       new_GPUSTAT.horizontal_resolution_1 = dm.horizontal_resolution_1;
       new_GPUSTAT.vertical_resolution = dm.vertical_resolution;
@@ -1425,7 +1443,7 @@ void GPU::WriteGP1(u32 value)
     }
     break;
 
-    case 0x09: // Allow texture disable
+    case static_cast<u8>(GP1Command::SetAllowTextureDisable):
     {
       m_set_texture_disable_mask = ConvertToBoolUnchecked(param & 0x01);
       DEBUG_LOG("Set texture disable mask <- {}", m_set_texture_disable_mask ? "allowed" : "ignored");
@@ -2471,20 +2489,7 @@ bool CompressAndWriteTextureToFile(u32 width, u32 height, std::string filename,
     }
 
     if (use_thread)
-    {
+      RemoveSelfFromScreenshotThreads();
-      // remove ourselves from the list, if the GS thread is waiting for us, we won't be in there
-      const auto this_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-      std::unique_lock lock(s_screenshot_threads_mutex);
-      for (auto it = s_screenshot_threads.begin(); it != s_screenshot_threads.end(); ++it)
-      {
-        if (it->get_id() == this_id)
-        {
-          it->detach();
-          s_screenshot_threads.erase(it);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
 
     return result;
   };
@@ -2502,6 +2507,21 @@ bool CompressAndWriteTextureToFile(u32 width, u32 height, std::string filename,
   return true;
 }
 
+void RemoveSelfFromScreenshotThreads()
+{
+  const auto this_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
+  std::unique_lock lock(s_screenshot_threads_mutex);
+  for (auto it = s_screenshot_threads.begin(); it != s_screenshot_threads.end(); ++it)
+  {
+    if (it->get_id() == this_id)
+    {
+      it->detach();
+      s_screenshot_threads.erase(it);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void JoinScreenshotThreads()
 {
   std::unique_lock lock(s_screenshot_threads_mutex);
@@ -2886,3 +2906,209 @@ void GPU::UpdateStatistics(u32 frame_count)
 
   ResetStatistics();
 }
+
+bool GPU::StartRecordingGPUDump(const char* path, u32 num_frames /* = 1 */)
+{
+  if (m_gpu_dump)
+    StopRecordingGPUDump();
+
+  // if we're not dumping forever, compute the frame count based on the internal fps
+  // +1 because we want to actually see the buffer swap...
+  if (num_frames != 0)
+  {
+    num_frames = std::max(num_frames, static_cast<u32>(static_cast<float>(num_frames + 1) *
+                                                       std::ceil(System::GetVPS() / System::GetFPS())));
+  }
+
+  // ensure vram is up to date
+  ReadVRAM(0, 0, VRAM_WIDTH, VRAM_HEIGHT);
+
+  std::string osd_key = fmt::format("GPUDump_{}", Path::GetFileName(path));
+  Error error;
+  m_gpu_dump = GPUDump::Recorder::Create(path, System::GetGameSerial(), num_frames, &error);
+  if (!m_gpu_dump)
+  {
+    Host::AddIconOSDWarning(
+      std::move(osd_key), ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+      fmt::format("{}\n{}", TRANSLATE_SV("GPU", "Failed to start GPU trace:"), error.GetDescription()),
+      Host::OSD_ERROR_DURATION);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Host::AddIconOSDMessage(
+    std::move(osd_key), ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+    (num_frames != 0) ?
+      fmt::format(TRANSLATE_FS("GPU", "Saving {0} frame GPU trace to '{1}'."), num_frames, Path::GetFileName(path)) :
+      fmt::format(TRANSLATE_FS("GPU", "Saving multi-frame frame GPU trace to '{1}'."), num_frames,
+                  Path::GetFileName(path)),
+    Host::OSD_QUICK_DURATION);
+
+  // save screenshot to same location to identify it
+  RenderScreenshotToFile(Path::ReplaceExtension(path, "png"), DisplayScreenshotMode::ScreenResolution, 85, true, false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GPU::StopRecordingGPUDump()
+{
+  if (!m_gpu_dump)
+    return;
+
+  Error error;
+  if (!m_gpu_dump->Close(&error))
+  {
+    Host::AddIconOSDWarning(
+      "GPUDump", ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+      fmt::format("{}\n{}", TRANSLATE_SV("GPU", "Failed to close GPU trace:"), error.GetDescription()),
+      Host::OSD_ERROR_DURATION);
+    m_gpu_dump.reset();
+  }
+
+  // Are we compressing the dump?
+  const GPUDumpCompressionMode compress_mode =
+    Settings::ParseGPUDumpCompressionMode(Host::GetTinyStringSettingValue("GPU", "DumpCompressionMode"))
+      .value_or(Settings::DEFAULT_GPU_DUMP_COMPRESSION_MODE);
+  std::string osd_key = fmt::format("GPUDump_{}", Path::GetFileName(m_gpu_dump->GetPath()));
+  if (compress_mode == GPUDumpCompressionMode::Disabled)
+  {
+    Host::AddIconOSDMessage(
+      "GPUDump", ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+      fmt::format(TRANSLATE_FS("GPU", "Saved GPU trace to '{}'."), Path::GetFileName(m_gpu_dump->GetPath())),
+      Host::OSD_QUICK_DURATION);
+    m_gpu_dump.reset();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::string source_path = m_gpu_dump->GetPath();
+  m_gpu_dump.reset();
+
+  // Use a 60 second timeout to give it plenty of time to actually save.
+  Host::AddIconOSDMessage(
+    osd_key, ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+    fmt::format(TRANSLATE_FS("GPU", "Compressing GPU trace '{}'..."), Path::GetFileName(source_path)), 60.0f);
+  std::unique_lock screenshot_lock(s_screenshot_threads_mutex);
+  s_screenshot_threads.emplace_back(
+    [compress_mode, source_path = std::move(source_path), osd_key = std::move(osd_key)]() mutable {
+      Error error;
+      if (GPUDump::Recorder::Compress(source_path, compress_mode, &error))
+      {
+        Host::AddIconOSDMessage(
+          std::move(osd_key), ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+          fmt::format(TRANSLATE_FS("GPU", "Saved GPU trace to '{}'."), Path::GetFileName(source_path)),
+          Host::OSD_QUICK_DURATION);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        Host::AddIconOSDWarning(
+          std::move(osd_key), ICON_EMOJI_CAMERA_WITH_FLASH,
+          fmt::format("{}\n{}",
+                      SmallString::from_format(TRANSLATE_FS("GPU", "Failed to save GPU trace to '{}':"),
+                                               Path::GetFileName(source_path)),
+                      error.GetDescription()),
+          Host::OSD_ERROR_DURATION);
+      }
+
+      RemoveSelfFromScreenshotThreads();
+    });
+}
+
+void GPU::WriteCurrentVideoModeToDump(GPUDump::Recorder* dump) const
+{
+  // display disable
+  dump->WriteGP1Command(GP1Command::SetDisplayDisable, BoolToUInt32(m_GPUSTAT.display_disable));
+  dump->WriteGP1Command(GP1Command::SetDisplayStartAddress, m_crtc_state.regs.display_address_start);
+  dump->WriteGP1Command(GP1Command::SetHorizontalDisplayRange, m_crtc_state.regs.horizontal_display_range);
+  dump->WriteGP1Command(GP1Command::SetVerticalDisplayRange, m_crtc_state.regs.vertical_display_range);
+  dump->WriteGP1Command(GP1Command::SetAllowTextureDisable, BoolToUInt32(m_set_texture_disable_mask));
+
+  // display mode
+  GP1SetDisplayMode dispmode = {};
+  dispmode.horizontal_resolution_1 = m_GPUSTAT.horizontal_resolution_1.GetValue();
+  dispmode.vertical_resolution = m_GPUSTAT.vertical_resolution.GetValue();
+  dispmode.pal_mode = m_GPUSTAT.pal_mode.GetValue();
+  dispmode.display_area_color_depth = m_GPUSTAT.display_area_color_depth_24.GetValue();
+  dispmode.vertical_interlace = m_GPUSTAT.vertical_interlace.GetValue();
+  dispmode.horizontal_resolution_2 = m_GPUSTAT.horizontal_resolution_2.GetValue();
+  dispmode.reverse_flag = m_GPUSTAT.reverse_flag.GetValue();
+  dump->WriteGP1Command(GP1Command::SetDisplayMode, dispmode.bits);
+}
+
+void GPU::ProcessGPUDumpPacket(GPUDump::PacketType type, const std::span<const u32> data)
+{
+  switch (type)
+  {
+    case GPUDump::PacketType::GPUPort0Data:
+    {
+      if (data.empty()) [[unlikely]]
+      {
+        WARNING_LOG("Empty GPU dump GP0 packet!");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // ensure it doesn't block
+      m_pending_command_ticks = 0;
+      UpdateCommandTickEvent();
+
+      if (data.size() == 1) [[unlikely]]
+      {
+        // direct GP0 write
+        WriteRegister(0, data[0]);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        // don't overflow the fifo...
+        size_t current_word = 0;
+        while (current_word < data.size())
+        {
+          const u32 block_size = std::min(m_fifo_size - m_fifo.GetSize(), static_cast<u32>(data.size() - current_word));
+          if (block_size == 0)
+          {
+            ERROR_LOG("FIFO overflow while processing dump packet of {} words", data.size());
+            break;
+          }
+
+          for (u32 i = 0; i < block_size; i++)
+            m_fifo.Push(ZeroExtend64(data[current_word++]));
+          ExecuteCommands();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+    case GPUDump::PacketType::GPUPort1Data:
+    {
+      if (data.size() != 1) [[unlikely]]
+      {
+        WARNING_LOG("Incorrectly-sized GPU dump GP1 packet: {} words", data.size());
+        return;
+      }
+
+      WriteRegister(4, data[0]);
+    }
+    break;
+
+    case GPUDump::PacketType::VSyncEvent:
+    {
+      // don't play silly buggers with events
+      m_pending_command_ticks = 0;
+      UpdateCommandTickEvent();
+
+      // we _should_ be using the tick count for the event, but it breaks with looping.
+      // instead, just add a fixed amount
+      const TickCount crtc_ticks_per_frame =
+        static_cast<TickCount>(m_crtc_state.horizontal_total) * static_cast<TickCount>(m_crtc_state.vertical_total);
+      const TickCount system_ticks_per_frame =
+        CRTCTicksToSystemTicks(crtc_ticks_per_frame, m_crtc_state.fractional_ticks);
+      SystemTicksToCRTCTicks(system_ticks_per_frame, &m_crtc_state.fractional_ticks);
+      TimingEvents::SetGlobalTickCounter(TimingEvents::GetGlobalTickCounter() +
+                                         static_cast<GlobalTicks>(system_ticks_per_frame));
+
+      FlushRender();
+      UpdateDisplay();
+      System::FrameDone();
+    }
+    break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}

src/core/gpu.h

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 #include "gpu_types.h"
 #include "timers.h"
-#include "timing_event.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
 #include "util/gpu_device.h"
@@ -20,9 +19,11 @@
 #include <deque>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <span>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
 
+class Error;
 class SmallStringBase;
 
 class StateWrapper;
@@ -32,6 +33,11 @@ class GPUTexture;
 class GPUPipeline;
 class MediaCapture;
 
+namespace GPUDump {
+enum class PacketType : u8;
+class Recorder;
+class Player;
+}
 struct Settings;
 
 namespace Threading {
@@ -49,14 +55,6 @@ public:
     DrawingPolyLine
   };
 
-  enum class DMADirection : u32
-  {
-    Off = 0,
-    FIFO = 1,
-    CPUtoGP0 = 2,
-    GPUREADtoCPU = 3
-  };
-
   enum : u32
   {
     MAX_FIFO_SIZE = 4096,
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@ public:
 
   ALWAYS_INLINE bool BeginDMAWrite() const
   {
-    return (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction == DMADirection::CPUtoGP0 || m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction == DMADirection::FIFO);
+    return (m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction == GPUDMADirection::CPUtoGP0 || m_GPUSTAT.dma_direction == GPUDMADirection::FIFO);
   }
   ALWAYS_INLINE void DMAWrite(u32 address, u32 value)
   {
@@ -128,6 +126,13 @@ public:
   }
   void EndDMAWrite();
 
+  /// Writing to GPU dump.
+  GPUDump::Recorder* GetGPUDump() const { return m_gpu_dump.get(); }
+  bool StartRecordingGPUDump(const char* path, u32 num_frames = 1);
+  void StopRecordingGPUDump();
+  void WriteCurrentVideoModeToDump(GPUDump::Recorder* dump) const;
+  void ProcessGPUDumpPacket(GPUDump::PacketType type, const std::span<const u32> data);
+
   /// Returns true if no data is being sent from VRAM to the DAC or that no portion of VRAM would be visible on screen.
   ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsDisplayDisabled() const
   {
@@ -152,6 +157,7 @@ public:
   /// Returns the number of pending GPU ticks.
   TickCount GetPendingCRTCTicks() const;
   TickCount GetPendingCommandTicks() const;
+  TickCount GetRemainingCommandTicks() const;
 
   /// Returns true if enough ticks have passed for the raster to be on the next line.
   bool IsCRTCScanlinePending() const;
@@ -414,54 +420,7 @@ protected:
     AddCommandTicks(std::max(drawn_width, drawn_height));
   }
 
-  union GPUSTAT
+  GPUSTAT m_GPUSTAT = {};
-  {
-    // During transfer/render operations, if ((dst_pixel & mask_and) == 0) { pixel = src_pixel | mask_or }
-
-    u32 bits;
-    BitField<u32, u8, 0, 4> texture_page_x_base;
-    BitField<u32, u8, 4, 1> texture_page_y_base;
-    BitField<u32, GPUTransparencyMode, 5, 2> semi_transparency_mode;
-    BitField<u32, GPUTextureMode, 7, 2> texture_color_mode;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 9, 1> dither_enable;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 10, 1> draw_to_displayed_field;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 11, 1> set_mask_while_drawing;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 12, 1> check_mask_before_draw;
-    BitField<u32, u8, 13, 1> interlaced_field;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 14, 1> reverse_flag;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 15, 1> texture_disable;
-    BitField<u32, u8, 16, 1> horizontal_resolution_2;
-    BitField<u32, u8, 17, 2> horizontal_resolution_1;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 19, 1> vertical_resolution;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 20, 1> pal_mode;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 21, 1> display_area_color_depth_24;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 22, 1> vertical_interlace;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 23, 1> display_disable;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 24, 1> interrupt_request;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 25, 1> dma_data_request;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 26, 1> gpu_idle;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 27, 1> ready_to_send_vram;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 28, 1> ready_to_recieve_dma;
-    BitField<u32, DMADirection, 29, 2> dma_direction;
-    BitField<u32, bool, 31, 1> display_line_lsb;
-
-    ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsMaskingEnabled() const
-    {
-      static constexpr u32 MASK = ((1 << 11) | (1 << 12));
-      return ((bits & MASK) != 0);
-    }
-    ALWAYS_INLINE bool SkipDrawingToActiveField() const
-    {
-      static constexpr u32 MASK = (1 << 19) | (1 << 22) | (1 << 10);
-      static constexpr u32 ACTIVE = (1 << 19) | (1 << 22);
-      return ((bits & MASK) == ACTIVE);
-    }
-    ALWAYS_INLINE bool InInterleaved480iMode() const
-    {
-      static constexpr u32 ACTIVE = (1 << 19) | (1 << 22);
-      return ((bits & ACTIVE) == ACTIVE);
-    }
-  } m_GPUSTAT = {};
 
   struct DrawMode
   {
@@ -606,6 +565,8 @@ protected:
   u32 m_blit_remaining_words;
   GPURenderCommand m_render_command{};
 
+  std::unique_ptr<GPUDump::Recorder> m_gpu_dump;
+
   ALWAYS_INLINE u32 FifoPop() { return Truncate32(m_fifo.Pop()); }
   ALWAYS_INLINE u32 FifoPeek() { return Truncate32(m_fifo.Peek()); }
   ALWAYS_INLINE u32 FifoPeek(u32 i) { return Truncate32(m_fifo.Peek(i)); }

src/core/gpu_commands.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
 
 #include "gpu.h"
+#include "gpu_dump.h"
 #include "gpu_hw_texture_cache.h"
 #include "interrupt_controller.h"
 #include "system.h"
@@ -604,6 +605,11 @@ bool GPU::HandleCopyRectangleVRAMToCPUCommand()
   m_counters.num_reads++;
   m_blitter_state = BlitterState::ReadingVRAM;
   m_command_total_words = 0;
+
+  // toss the entire read in the recorded trace. we might want to change this to mirroring GPUREAD in the future..
+  if (m_gpu_dump) [[unlikely]]
+    m_gpu_dump->WriteDiscardVRAMRead(m_vram_transfer.width, m_vram_transfer.height);
+
   return true;
 }
 

src/core/gpu_dump.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
+
+#include "gpu_dump.h"
+#include "cpu_core.h"
+#include "cpu_core_private.h"
+#include "gpu.h"
+#include "settings.h"
+
+#include "scmversion/scmversion.h"
+
+#include "util/compress_helpers.h"
+
+#include "common/align.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/binary_reader_writer.h"
+#include "common/error.h"
+#include "common/fastjmp.h"
+#include "common/file_system.h"
+#include "common/log.h"
+#include "common/path.h"
+#include "common/string_util.h"
+#include "common/timer.h"
+
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+
+LOG_CHANNEL(GPUDump);
+
+namespace GPUDump {
+static constexpr GPUVersion GPU_VERSION = GPUVersion::V2_1MB_VRAM;
+
+// Write the file header.
+static constexpr u8 FILE_HEADER[] = {'P', 'S', 'X', 'G', 'P', 'U', 'D', 'U', 'M', 'P', 'v', '1', '\0', '\0'};
+
+}; // namespace GPUDump
+
+GPUDump::Recorder::Recorder(FileSystem::AtomicRenamedFile fp, u32 vsyncs_remaining, std::string path)
+  : m_fp(std::move(fp)), m_vsyncs_remaining(vsyncs_remaining), m_path(path)
+{
+}
+
+GPUDump::Recorder::~Recorder()
+{
+  if (m_fp)
+    FileSystem::DiscardAtomicRenamedFile(m_fp);
+}
+
+bool GPUDump::Recorder::IsFinished()
+{
+  if (m_vsyncs_remaining == 0)
+    return false;
+
+  m_vsyncs_remaining--;
+  return (m_vsyncs_remaining == 0);
+}
+
+bool GPUDump::Recorder::Close(Error* error)
+{
+  if (m_write_error)
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Previous write error occurred.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return FileSystem::CommitAtomicRenamedFile(m_fp, error);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<GPUDump::Recorder> GPUDump::Recorder::Create(std::string path, std::string_view serial, u32 num_frames,
+                                                             Error* error)
+{
+  std::unique_ptr<Recorder> ret;
+
+  auto fp = FileSystem::CreateAtomicRenamedFile(path, error);
+  if (!fp)
+    return ret;
+
+  ret = std::unique_ptr<Recorder>(new Recorder(std::move(fp), num_frames, std::move(path)));
+  ret->WriteHeaders(serial);
+  g_gpu->WriteCurrentVideoModeToDump(ret.get());
+  ret->WriteCurrentVRAM();
+
+  // Write start of stream.
+  ret->BeginPacket(PacketType::TraceBegin);
+  ret->EndPacket();
+
+  if (ret->m_write_error)
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Previous write error occurred.");
+    ret.reset();
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool GPUDump::Recorder::Compress(const std::string& source_path, GPUDumpCompressionMode mode, Error* error)
+{
+  if (mode == GPUDumpCompressionMode::Disabled)
+    return true;
+
+  std::optional<DynamicHeapArray<u8>> data = FileSystem::ReadBinaryFile(source_path.c_str(), error);
+  if (!data)
+    return false;
+
+  if (mode >= GPUDumpCompressionMode::ZstLow && mode <= GPUDumpCompressionMode::ZstHigh)
+  {
+    const int clevel =
+      ((mode == GPUDumpCompressionMode::ZstLow) ? 1 : ((mode == GPUDumpCompressionMode::ZstHigh) ? 19 : 0));
+    if (!CompressHelpers::CompressToFile(fmt::format("{}.zst", source_path).c_str(), std::move(data.value()), clevel,
+                                         true, error))
+    {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Unknown compression mode.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // remove original file
+  return FileSystem::DeleteFile(source_path.c_str(), error);
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::BeginGP0Packet(u32 size)
+{
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::GPUPort0Data, size);
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteGP0Packet(u32 word)
+{
+  BeginGP0Packet(1);
+  WriteWord(word);
+  EndGP0Packet();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::EndGP0Packet()
+{
+  DebugAssert(!m_packet_buffer.empty());
+  EndPacket();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteGP1Packet(u32 value)
+{
+  const u32 command = (value >> 24) & 0x3F;
+
+  // only in-range commands, no info
+  if (command > static_cast<u32>(GP1Command::SetAllowTextureDisable))
+    return;
+
+  // filter DMA direction, we don't want to screw with that
+  if (command == static_cast<u32>(GP1Command::SetDMADirection))
+    return;
+
+  WriteGP1Command(static_cast<GP1Command>(command), value & 0x00FFFFFFu);
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteDiscardVRAMRead(u32 width, u32 height)
+{
+  const u32 num_words = Common::AlignUpPow2(width * height * static_cast<u32>(sizeof(u16)), sizeof(u32)) / sizeof(u32);
+  if (num_words == 0)
+    return;
+
+  BeginPacket(GPUDump::PacketType::DiscardPort0Data, 1);
+  WriteWord(num_words);
+  EndPacket();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteVSync(u64 ticks)
+{
+  BeginPacket(GPUDump::PacketType::VSyncEvent, 2);
+  WriteWord(static_cast<u32>(ticks));
+  WriteWord(static_cast<u32>(ticks >> 32));
+  EndPacket();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::BeginPacket(PacketType packet, u32 minimum_size)
+{
+  DebugAssert(m_packet_buffer.empty());
+  m_current_packet = packet;
+  m_packet_buffer.reserve(minimum_size);
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteWords(const u32* words, size_t word_count)
+{
+  Assert(((m_packet_buffer.size() + word_count) * sizeof(u32)) <= MAX_PACKET_LENGTH);
+
+  // we don't need the zeroing here...
+  const size_t current_offset = m_packet_buffer.size();
+  m_packet_buffer.resize(current_offset + word_count);
+  std::memcpy(&m_packet_buffer[current_offset], words, sizeof(u32) * word_count);
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteWords(const std::span<const u32> words)
+{
+  WriteWords(words.data(), words.size());
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteString(std::string_view str)
+{
+  const size_t aligned_length = Common::AlignDownPow2(str.length(), sizeof(u32));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < aligned_length; i += sizeof(u32))
+  {
+    u32 word;
+    std::memcpy(&word, &str[i], sizeof(word));
+    WriteWord(word);
+  }
+
+  // zero termination and/or padding for last bytes
+  u8 pad_word[4] = {};
+  for (size_t i = aligned_length, pad_i = 0; i < str.length(); i++, pad_i++)
+    pad_word[pad_i] = str[i];
+
+  WriteWord(std::bit_cast<u32>(pad_word));
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteBytes(const void* data, size_t data_size_in_bytes)
+{
+  Assert(((m_packet_buffer.size() * sizeof(u32)) + data_size_in_bytes) <= MAX_PACKET_LENGTH);
+  const u32 num_words = Common::AlignUpPow2(static_cast<u32>(data_size_in_bytes), sizeof(u32)) / sizeof(u32);
+  const size_t current_offset = m_packet_buffer.size();
+
+  // NOTE: assumes resize() zeros it out
+  m_packet_buffer.resize(current_offset + num_words);
+  std::memcpy(&m_packet_buffer[current_offset], data, data_size_in_bytes);
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::EndPacket()
+{
+  if (m_write_error)
+    return;
+
+  Assert(m_packet_buffer.size() <= MAX_PACKET_LENGTH);
+
+  PacketHeader hdr = {};
+  hdr.length = static_cast<u32>(m_packet_buffer.size());
+  hdr.type = m_current_packet;
+  if (std::fwrite(&hdr, sizeof(hdr), 1, m_fp.get()) != 1 ||
+      (!m_packet_buffer.empty() &&
+       std::fwrite(m_packet_buffer.data(), m_packet_buffer.size() * sizeof(u32), 1, m_fp.get()) != 1))
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG("Failed to write packet to file: {}", Error::CreateErrno(errno).GetDescription());
+    m_write_error = true;
+    m_packet_buffer.clear();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  m_packet_buffer.clear();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteGP1Command(GP1Command command, u32 param)
+{
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::GPUPort1Data, 1);
+  WriteWord(((static_cast<u32>(command) & 0x3F) << 24) | (param & 0x00FFFFFFu));
+  EndPacket();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteHeaders(std::string_view serial)
+{
+  if (std::fwrite(FILE_HEADER, sizeof(FILE_HEADER), 1, m_fp.get()) != 1)
+  {
+    ERROR_LOG("Failed to write file header: {}", Error::CreateErrno(errno).GetDescription());
+    m_write_error = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Write GPU version.
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::GPUVersion, 1);
+  WriteWord(static_cast<u32>(GPU_VERSION));
+  EndPacket();
+
+  // Write Game ID.
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::GameID);
+  WriteString(serial.empty() ? std::string_view("UNKNOWN") : serial);
+  EndPacket();
+
+  // Write textual video mode.
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::TextualVideoFormat);
+  WriteString(g_gpu->IsInPALMode() ? "PAL" : "NTSC");
+  EndPacket();
+
+  // Write DuckStation version.
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::Comment);
+  WriteString(
+    SmallString::from_format("Created by DuckStation {} for {}/{}.", g_scm_tag_str, TARGET_OS_STR, CPU_ARCH_STR));
+  EndPacket();
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Recorder::WriteCurrentVRAM()
+{
+  BeginPacket(PacketType::GPUPort0Data, sizeof(u32) * 2 + (VRAM_SIZE / sizeof(u32)));
+
+  // command, coords, size. size is written as zero, for 1024x512
+  WriteWord(0xA0u << 24);
+  WriteWord(0);
+  WriteWord(0);
+
+  // actual vram data
+  WriteBytes(g_vram, VRAM_SIZE);
+
+  EndPacket();
+}
+
+GPUDump::Player::Player(std::string path, DynamicHeapArray<u8> data) : m_data(std::move(data)), m_path(std::move(path))
+{
+}
+
+GPUDump::Player::~Player() = default;
+
+std::unique_ptr<GPUDump::Player> GPUDump::Player::Open(std::string path, Error* error)
+{
+  std::unique_ptr<Player> ret;
+
+  Common::Timer timer;
+
+  std::optional<DynamicHeapArray<u8>> data;
+  if (StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".psxgpu.zst"))
+    data = CompressHelpers::DecompressFile(path.c_str(), std::nullopt, error);
+  else
+    data = FileSystem::ReadBinaryFile(path.c_str(), error);
+  if (!data.has_value())
+    return ret;
+
+  ret = std::unique_ptr<Player>(new Player(std::move(path), std::move(data.value())));
+  if (!ret->Preprocess(error))
+  {
+    ret.reset();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  INFO_LOG("Loading {} took {:.0f}ms.", Path::GetFileName(ret->GetPath()), timer.GetTimeMilliseconds());
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::optional<GPUDump::Player::PacketRef> GPUDump::Player::GetNextPacket()
+{
+  std::optional<PacketRef> ret;
+
+  if (m_position >= m_data.size())
+    return ret;
+
+  size_t new_position = m_position;
+
+  PacketHeader hdr;
+  std::memcpy(&hdr, &m_data[new_position], sizeof(hdr));
+  new_position += sizeof(hdr);
+
+  if ((new_position + (hdr.length * sizeof(u32))) > m_data.size())
+    return ret;
+
+  ret = PacketRef{.type = hdr.type,
+                  .data = (hdr.length > 0) ?
+                            std::span<const u32>(reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&m_data[new_position]), hdr.length) :
+                            std::span<const u32>()};
+  new_position += (hdr.length * sizeof(u32));
+  m_position = new_position;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::string_view GPUDump::Player::PacketRef::GetNullTerminatedString() const
+{
+  return data.empty() ?
+           std::string_view() :
+           std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.data()),
+                            StringUtil::Strnlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.data()), data.size_bytes()));
+}
+
+bool GPUDump::Player::Preprocess(Error* error)
+{
+  if (!ProcessHeader(error))
+  {
+    Error::AddPrefix(error, "Failed to process header: ");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  m_position = m_start_offset;
+
+  if (!FindFrameStarts(error))
+  {
+    Error::AddPrefix(error, "Failed to process header: ");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  m_position = m_start_offset;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool GPUDump::Player::ProcessHeader(Error* error)
+{
+  if (m_data.size() < sizeof(FILE_HEADER) || std::memcmp(m_data.data(), FILE_HEADER, sizeof(FILE_HEADER)) != 0)
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "File does not have the correct header.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  m_start_offset = sizeof(FILE_HEADER);
+  m_position = m_start_offset;
+
+  for (;;)
+  {
+    const std::optional<PacketRef> packet = GetNextPacket();
+    if (!packet.has_value())
+    {
+      Error::SetStringView(error, "EOF reached before reaching trace begin.");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    switch (packet->type)
+    {
+      case PacketType::TextualVideoFormat:
+      {
+        const std::string_view region_str = packet->GetNullTerminatedString();
+        DEV_LOG("Dump video format: {}", region_str);
+        if (StringUtil::EqualNoCase(region_str, "NTSC"))
+          m_region = ConsoleRegion::NTSC_U;
+        else if (StringUtil::EqualNoCase(region_str, "PAL"))
+          m_region = ConsoleRegion::PAL;
+        else
+          WARNING_LOG("Unknown console region: {}", region_str);
+      }
+      break;
+
+      case PacketType::GameID:
+      {
+        const std::string_view serial = packet->GetNullTerminatedString();
+        DEV_LOG("Dump serial: {}", serial);
+        m_serial = serial;
+      }
+      break;
+
+      case PacketType::Comment:
+      {
+        const std::string_view comment = packet->GetNullTerminatedString();
+        DEV_LOG("Dump comment: {}", comment);
+      }
+      break;
+
+      case PacketType::TraceBegin:
+      {
+        DEV_LOG("Trace start found at offset {}", m_position);
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      default:
+      {
+        // ignore packet
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool GPUDump::Player::FindFrameStarts(Error* error)
+{
+  for (;;)
+  {
+    const std::optional<PacketRef> packet = GetNextPacket();
+    if (!packet.has_value())
+      break;
+
+    switch (packet->type)
+    {
+      case PacketType::TraceBegin:
+      {
+        if (!m_frame_offsets.empty())
+        {
+          Error::SetStringView(error, "VSync or trace begin event found before final trace begin.");
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        m_frame_offsets.push_back(m_position);
+      }
+      break;
+
+      case PacketType::VSyncEvent:
+      {
+        if (m_frame_offsets.empty())
+        {
+          Error::SetStringView(error, "Trace begin event missing before first VSync.");
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        m_frame_offsets.push_back(m_position);
+      }
+      break;
+
+      default:
+      {
+        // ignore packet
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (m_frame_offsets.size() < 2)
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, "Dump does not contain at least one frame.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < m_frame_offsets.size(); i++)
+    DEBUG_LOG("Frame {} starts at offset {}", i, m_frame_offsets[i]);
+#endif
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Player::ProcessPacket(const PacketRef& pkt)
+{
+  if (pkt.type <= PacketType::VSyncEvent)
+  {
+    // gp0/gp1/vsync => direct to gpu
+    g_gpu->ProcessGPUDumpPacket(pkt.type, pkt.data);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void GPUDump::Player::Execute()
+{
+  if (fastjmp_set(CPU::GetExecutionJmpBuf()) != 0)
+    return;
+
+  for (;;)
+  {
+    const std::optional<PacketRef> packet = GetNextPacket();
+    if (!packet.has_value())
+    {
+      m_position = g_settings.gpu_dump_fast_replay_mode ? m_frame_offsets.front() : m_start_offset;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    ProcessPacket(packet.value());
+  }
+}

src/core/gpu_dump.h

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 Connor McLaughlin <stenzek@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "gpu_types.h"
+
+#include "common/bitfield.h"
+#include "common/file_system.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+// Implements the specification from https://github.com/ps1dev/standards/blob/main/GPUDUMP.md
+
+class Error;
+
+namespace GPUDump {
+
+enum class GPUVersion : u8
+{
+  V1_1MB_VRAM,
+  V2_1MB_VRAM,
+  V2_2MB_VRAM,
+};
+
+enum class PacketType : u8
+{
+  GPUPort0Data = 0x00,
+  GPUPort1Data = 0x01,
+  VSyncEvent = 0x02,
+  DiscardPort0Data = 0x03,
+  ReadbackPort0Data = 0x04,
+  TraceBegin = 0x05,
+  GPUVersion = 0x06,
+  GameID = 0x10,
+  TextualVideoFormat = 0x11,
+  Comment = 0x12,
+};
+
+static constexpr u32 MAX_PACKET_LENGTH = ((1u << 24) - 1); // 3 bytes for packet size
+
+union PacketHeader
+{
+  // Length0,Length1,Length2,Type
+  BitField<u32, u32, 0, 24> length;
+  BitField<u32, PacketType, 24, 8> type;
+  u32 bits;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(PacketHeader) == 4);
+
+class Recorder
+{
+public:
+  ~Recorder();
+
+  static std::unique_ptr<Recorder> Create(std::string path, std::string_view serial, u32 num_frames, Error* error);
+
+  /// Compresses an already-created dump.
+  static bool Compress(const std::string& source_path, GPUDumpCompressionMode mode, Error* error);
+
+  ALWAYS_INLINE const std::string& GetPath() const { return m_path; }
+
+  /// Returns true if the caller should stop recording data.
+  bool IsFinished();
+
+  bool Close(Error* error);
+
+  void BeginPacket(PacketType packet, u32 minimum_size = 0);
+  ALWAYS_INLINE void WriteWord(u32 word) { m_packet_buffer.push_back(word); }
+  void WriteWords(const u32* words, size_t word_count);
+  void WriteWords(const std::span<const u32> words);
+  void WriteString(std::string_view str);
+  void WriteBytes(const void* data, size_t data_size_in_bytes);
+  void EndPacket();
+
+  void WriteGP1Command(GP1Command command, u32 param);
+
+  void BeginGP0Packet(u32 size);
+  void WriteGP0Packet(u32 word);
+  void EndGP0Packet();
+  void WriteGP1Packet(u32 value);
+
+  void WriteDiscardVRAMRead(u32 width, u32 height);
+  void WriteVSync(u64 ticks);
+
+private:
+  Recorder(FileSystem::AtomicRenamedFile fp, u32 vsyncs_remaining, std::string path);
+
+  void WriteHeaders(std::string_view serial);
+  void WriteCurrentVRAM();
+
+  FileSystem::AtomicRenamedFile m_fp;
+  std::vector<u32> m_packet_buffer;
+  u32 m_vsyncs_remaining = 0;
+  PacketType m_current_packet = PacketType::Comment;
+  bool m_write_error = false;
+
+  std::string m_path;
+};
+
+class Player
+{
+public:
+  ~Player();
+
+  ALWAYS_INLINE const std::string& GetPath() const { return m_path; }
+  ALWAYS_INLINE const std::string& GetSerial() const { return m_serial; }
+  ALWAYS_INLINE ConsoleRegion GetRegion() const { return m_region; }
+
+  static std::unique_ptr<Player> Open(std::string path, Error* error);
+
+  void Execute();
+
+private:
+  Player(std::string path, DynamicHeapArray<u8> data);
+
+  struct PacketRef
+  {
+    PacketType type;
+    std::span<const u32> data;
+
+    std::string_view GetNullTerminatedString() const;
+  };
+
+  std::optional<PacketRef> GetNextPacket();
+
+  bool Preprocess(Error* error);
+  bool ProcessHeader(Error* error);
+  bool FindFrameStarts(Error* error);
+
+  void ProcessPacket(const PacketRef& pkt);
+
+  DynamicHeapArray<u8> m_data;
+  size_t m_start_offset = 0;
+  size_t m_position = 0;
+
+  std::string m_path;
+  std::string m_serial;
+  ConsoleRegion m_region = ConsoleRegion::NTSC_U;
+  std::vector<size_t> m_frame_offsets;
+};
+
+} // namespace GPUDump

src/core/gpu_types.h

@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ enum : s32
   MAX_PRIMITIVE_HEIGHT = 512,
 };
 
+enum class GPUDMADirection : u8
+{
+  Off = 0,
+  FIFO = 1,
+  CPUtoGP0 = 2,
+  GPUREADtoCPU = 3
+};
+
 enum class GPUPrimitive : u8
 {
   Reserved = 0,
@@ -92,6 +100,20 @@ enum class GPUInterlacedDisplayMode : u8
   SeparateFields
 };
 
+enum class GP1Command : u8
+{
+  ResetGPU = 0x00,
+  ClearFIFO = 0x01,
+  AcknowledgeInterrupt = 0x02,
+  SetDisplayDisable = 0x03,
+  SetDMADirection = 0x04,
+  SetDisplayStartAddress = 0x05,
+  SetHorizontalDisplayRange = 0x06,
+  SetVerticalDisplayRange = 0x07,
+  SetDisplayMode = 0x08,
+  SetAllowTextureDisable = 0x09,
+};
+
 // NOTE: Inclusive, not exclusive on the upper bounds.
 struct GPUDrawingArea
 {
@@ -142,6 +164,68 @@ union GPURenderCommand
   }
 };
 
+union GP1SetDisplayMode
+{
+  u32 bits;
+
+  BitField<u32, u8, 0, 2> horizontal_resolution_1;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 2, 1> vertical_resolution;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 3, 1> pal_mode;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 4, 1> display_area_color_depth;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 5, 1> vertical_interlace;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 6, 1> horizontal_resolution_2;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 7, 1> reverse_flag;
+};
+
+union GPUSTAT
+{
+  // During transfer/render operations, if ((dst_pixel & mask_and) == 0) { pixel = src_pixel | mask_or }
+
+  u32 bits;
+  BitField<u32, u8, 0, 4> texture_page_x_base;
+  BitField<u32, u8, 4, 1> texture_page_y_base;
+  BitField<u32, GPUTransparencyMode, 5, 2> semi_transparency_mode;
+  BitField<u32, GPUTextureMode, 7, 2> texture_color_mode;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 9, 1> dither_enable;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 10, 1> draw_to_displayed_field;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 11, 1> set_mask_while_drawing;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 12, 1> check_mask_before_draw;
+  BitField<u32, u8, 13, 1> interlaced_field;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 14, 1> reverse_flag;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 15, 1> texture_disable;
+  BitField<u32, u8, 16, 1> horizontal_resolution_2;
+  BitField<u32, u8, 17, 2> horizontal_resolution_1;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 19, 1> vertical_resolution;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 20, 1> pal_mode;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 21, 1> display_area_color_depth_24;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 22, 1> vertical_interlace;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 23, 1> display_disable;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 24, 1> interrupt_request;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 25, 1> dma_data_request;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 26, 1> gpu_idle;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 27, 1> ready_to_send_vram;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 28, 1> ready_to_recieve_dma;
+  BitField<u32, GPUDMADirection, 29, 2> dma_direction;
+  BitField<u32, bool, 31, 1> display_line_lsb;
+
+  ALWAYS_INLINE bool IsMaskingEnabled() const
+  {
+    static constexpr u32 MASK = ((1 << 11) | (1 << 12));
+    return ((bits & MASK) != 0);
+  }
+  ALWAYS_INLINE bool SkipDrawingToActiveField() const
+  {
+    static constexpr u32 MASK = (1 << 19) | (1 << 22) | (1 << 10);
+    static constexpr u32 ACTIVE = (1 << 19) | (1 << 22);
+    return ((bits & MASK) == ACTIVE);
+  }
+  ALWAYS_INLINE bool InInterleaved480iMode() const
+  {
+    static constexpr u32 ACTIVE = (1 << 19) | (1 << 22);
+    return ((bits & ACTIVE) == ACTIVE);
+  }
+};
+
 ALWAYS_INLINE static constexpr u32 VRAMRGBA5551ToRGBA8888(u32 color)
 {
   // Helper/format conversion functions - constants from https://stackoverflow.com/a/9069480

src/core/hotkeys.cpp

@@ -224,6 +224,20 @@ DEFINE_HOTKEY("Screenshot", TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "General"), TRANSLATE_NOOP
                   System::SaveScreenshot();
               })
 
+DEFINE_HOTKEY("RecordSingleFrameGPUDump", TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "Graphics"),
+              TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "Record Single Frame GPU Trace"), [](s32 pressed) {
+                if (!pressed)
+                  System::StartRecordingGPUDump(nullptr, 1);
+              })
+
+DEFINE_HOTKEY("RecordMultiFrameGPUDump", TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "Graphics"),
+              TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "Record Multi-Frame GPU Trace"), [](s32 pressed) {
+                if (pressed > 0)
+                  System::StartRecordingGPUDump(nullptr, 0);
+                else
+                  System::StopRecordingGPUDump();
+              })
+
 #ifndef __ANDROID__
 DEFINE_HOTKEY("ToggleMediaCapture", TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "General"),
               TRANSLATE_NOOP("Hotkeys", "Toggle Media Capture"), [](s32 pressed) {

src/core/settings.cpp

@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ void Settings::Load(SettingsInterface& si, SettingsInterface& controller_si)
   gpu_pgxp_depth_buffer = si.GetBoolValue("GPU", "PGXPDepthBuffer", false);
   gpu_pgxp_disable_2d = si.GetBoolValue("GPU", "PGXPDisableOn2DPolygons", false);
   SetPGXPDepthClearThreshold(si.GetFloatValue("GPU", "PGXPDepthClearThreshold", DEFAULT_GPU_PGXP_DEPTH_THRESHOLD));
+  gpu_dump_fast_replay_mode = si.GetBoolValue("GPU", "DumpFastReplayMode", false);
 
   display_deinterlacing_mode =
     ParseDisplayDeinterlacingMode(
@@ -570,6 +571,7 @@ void Settings::Save(SettingsInterface& si, bool ignore_base) const
   si.SetBoolValue("GPU", "PGXPDepthBuffer", gpu_pgxp_depth_buffer);
   si.SetBoolValue("GPU", "PGXPDisableOn2DPolygons", gpu_pgxp_disable_2d);
   si.SetFloatValue("GPU", "PGXPDepthClearThreshold", GetPGXPDepthClearThreshold());
+  si.SetBoolValue("GPU", "DumpFastReplayMode", gpu_dump_fast_replay_mode);
 
   si.SetStringValue("GPU", "DeinterlacingMode", GetDisplayDeinterlacingModeName(display_deinterlacing_mode));
   si.SetStringValue("Display", "CropMode", GetDisplayCropModeName(display_crop_mode));
@@ -1519,6 +1521,42 @@ const char* Settings::GetGPUWireframeModeDisplayName(GPUWireframeMode mode)
                                   "GPUWireframeMode");
 }
 
+static constexpr const std::array s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_names = {"Disabled", "ZstLow", "ZstDefault", "ZstHigh"};
+static constexpr const std::array s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_display_names = {
+  TRANSLATE_DISAMBIG_NOOP("Settings", "Disabled", "GPUDumpCompressionMode"),
+  TRANSLATE_DISAMBIG_NOOP("Settings", "Zstandard (Low)", "GPUDumpCompressionMode"),
+  TRANSLATE_DISAMBIG_NOOP("Settings", "Zstandard (Default)", "GPUDumpCompressionMode"),
+  TRANSLATE_DISAMBIG_NOOP("Settings", "Zstandard (High)", "GPUDumpCompressionMode"),
+};
+static_assert(s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_names.size() == static_cast<size_t>(GPUDumpCompressionMode::MaxCount));
+static_assert(s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_display_names.size() ==
+              static_cast<size_t>(GPUDumpCompressionMode::MaxCount));
+
+std::optional<GPUDumpCompressionMode> Settings::ParseGPUDumpCompressionMode(const char* str)
+{
+  int index = 0;
+  for (const char* name : s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_names)
+  {
+    if (StringUtil::Strcasecmp(name, str) == 0)
+      return static_cast<GPUDumpCompressionMode>(index);
+
+    index++;
+  }
+
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+const char* Settings::GetGPUDumpCompressionModeName(GPUDumpCompressionMode mode)
+{
+  return s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_names[static_cast<size_t>(mode)];
+}
+
+const char* Settings::GetGPUDumpCompressionModeDisplayName(GPUDumpCompressionMode mode)
+{
+  return Host::TranslateToCString("Settings", s_gpu_dump_compression_mode_display_names[static_cast<size_t>(mode)],
+                                  "GPUDumpCompressionMode");
+}
+
 static constexpr const std::array s_display_deinterlacing_mode_names = {
   "Disabled", "Weave", "Blend", "Adaptive", "Progressive",
 };

src/core/settings.h

@@ -279,6 +279,7 @@ struct Settings
   bool bios_patch_fast_boot : 1 = DEFAULT_FAST_BOOT_VALUE;
   bool bios_fast_forward_boot : 1 = false;
   bool enable_8mb_ram : 1 = false;
+  bool gpu_dump_fast_replay_mode : 1 = false;
 
   std::array<ControllerType, NUM_CONTROLLER_AND_CARD_PORTS> controller_types{};
   std::array<MemoryCardType, NUM_CONTROLLER_AND_CARD_PORTS> memory_card_types{};
@@ -423,6 +424,10 @@ struct Settings
   static const char* GetGPUWireframeModeName(GPUWireframeMode mode);
   static const char* GetGPUWireframeModeDisplayName(GPUWireframeMode mode);
 
+  static std::optional<GPUDumpCompressionMode> ParseGPUDumpCompressionMode(const char* str);
+  static const char* GetGPUDumpCompressionModeName(GPUDumpCompressionMode mode);
+  static const char* GetGPUDumpCompressionModeDisplayName(GPUDumpCompressionMode mode);
+
   static std::optional<DisplayDeinterlacingMode> ParseDisplayDeinterlacingMode(const char* str);
   static const char* GetDisplayDeinterlacingModeName(DisplayDeinterlacingMode mode);
   static const char* GetDisplayDeinterlacingModeDisplayName(DisplayDeinterlacingMode mode);
@@ -485,6 +490,7 @@ struct Settings
   static constexpr GPULineDetectMode DEFAULT_GPU_LINE_DETECT_MODE = GPULineDetectMode::Disabled;
   static constexpr GPUDownsampleMode DEFAULT_GPU_DOWNSAMPLE_MODE = GPUDownsampleMode::Disabled;
   static constexpr GPUWireframeMode DEFAULT_GPU_WIREFRAME_MODE = GPUWireframeMode::Disabled;
+  static constexpr GPUDumpCompressionMode DEFAULT_GPU_DUMP_COMPRESSION_MODE = GPUDumpCompressionMode::ZstDefault;
   static constexpr ConsoleRegion DEFAULT_CONSOLE_REGION = ConsoleRegion::Auto;
   static constexpr float DEFAULT_GPU_PGXP_DEPTH_THRESHOLD = 300.0f;
   static constexpr float GPU_PGXP_DEPTH_THRESHOLD_SCALE = 4096.0f;

src/core/system.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "game_database.h"
 #include "game_list.h"
 #include "gpu.h"
+#include "gpu_dump.h"
 #include "gpu_hw_texture_cache.h"
 #include "gte.h"
 #include "host.h"
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ static bool CreateGPU(GPURenderer renderer, bool is_switching, bool fullscreen,
 static bool RecreateGPU(GPURenderer renderer, bool force_recreate_device = false, bool update_display = true);
 static void HandleHostGPUDeviceLost();
 static void HandleExclusiveFullscreenLost();
+static std::string GetScreenshotPath(const char* extension);
 
 /// Returns true if boot is being fast forwarded.
 static bool IsFastForwardingBoot();
@@ -224,6 +226,9 @@ static void DoRewind();
 static void SaveRunaheadState();
 static bool DoRunahead();
 
+static bool OpenGPUDump(std::string path, Error* error);
+static bool ChangeGPUDump(std::string new_path);
+
 static void UpdateSessionTime(const std::string& prev_serial);
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_DISCORD_PRESENCE
@@ -320,6 +325,7 @@ static Common::Timer s_frame_timer;
 static Threading::ThreadHandle s_cpu_thread_handle;
 
 static std::unique_ptr<MediaCapture> s_media_capture;
+static std::unique_ptr<GPUDump::Player> s_gpu_dump_player;
 
 // temporary save state, created when loading, used to undo load state
 static std::optional<System::SaveStateBuffer> s_undo_load_state;
@@ -631,6 +637,11 @@ bool System::IsExecuting()
   return s_system_executing;
 }
 
+bool System::IsReplayingGPUDump()
+{
+  return static_cast<bool>(s_gpu_dump_player);
+}
+
 bool System::IsStartupCancelled()
 {
   return s_startup_cancelled.load();
@@ -845,24 +856,30 @@ u32 System::GetFrameTimeHistoryPos()
   return s_frame_time_history_pos;
 }
 
-bool System::IsExeFileName(std::string_view path)
+bool System::IsExePath(std::string_view path)
 {
   return (StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".exe") || StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".psexe") ||
           StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".ps-exe") || StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".psx"));
 }
 
-bool System::IsPsfFileName(std::string_view path)
+bool System::IsPsfPath(std::string_view path)
 {
   return (StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".psf") || StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".minipsf"));
 }
 
-bool System::IsLoadableFilename(std::string_view path)
+bool System::IsGPUDumpPath(std::string_view path)
+{
+  return (StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".psxgpu") || StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".psxgpu.zst"));
+}
+
+bool System::IsLoadablePath(std::string_view path)
 {
   static constexpr const std::array extensions = {
-    ".bin", ".cue",     ".img",    ".iso", ".chd", ".ecm", ".mds", // discs
+    ".bin",    ".cue",        ".img",    ".iso", ".chd", ".ecm", ".mds", // discs
-    ".exe", ".psexe",   ".ps-exe", ".psx",                         // exes
+    ".exe",    ".psexe",      ".ps-exe", ".psx",                         // exes
-    ".psf", ".minipsf",                                            // psf
+    ".psf",    ".minipsf",                                               // psf
-    ".m3u",                                                        // playlists
+    ".psxgpu", ".psxgpu.zst",                                            // gpu dump
+    ".m3u",                                                              // playlists
     ".pbp",
   };
 
@@ -875,7 +892,7 @@ bool System::IsLoadableFilename(std::string_view path)
   return false;
 }
 
-bool System::IsSaveStateFilename(std::string_view path)
+bool System::IsSaveStatePath(std::string_view path)
 {
   return StringUtil::EndsWithNoCase(path, ".sav");
 }
@@ -1556,7 +1573,8 @@ bool System::UpdateGameSettingsLayer()
   s_input_settings_interface = std::move(input_interface);
   s_input_profile_name = std::move(input_profile_name);
 
-  Cheats::ReloadCheats(false, true, false, true);
+  if (!IsReplayingGPUDump())
+    Cheats::ReloadCheats(false, true, false, true);
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -1693,16 +1711,29 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   std::string exe_override;
   if (!parameters.filename.empty())
   {
-    if (IsExeFileName(parameters.filename))
+    if (IsExePath(parameters.filename))
     {
       boot_mode = BootMode::BootEXE;
       exe_override = parameters.filename;
     }
-    else if (IsPsfFileName(parameters.filename))
+    else if (IsPsfPath(parameters.filename))
     {
       boot_mode = BootMode::BootPSF;
       exe_override = parameters.filename;
     }
+    else if (IsGPUDumpPath(parameters.filename))
+    {
+      if (!OpenGPUDump(parameters.filename, error))
+      {
+        s_state = State::Shutdown;
+        Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
+        Host::OnIdleStateChanged();
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      boot_mode = BootMode::ReplayGPUDump;
+    }
+
     if (boot_mode == BootMode::BootEXE || boot_mode == BootMode::BootPSF)
     {
       if (s_region == ConsoleRegion::Auto)
@@ -1714,7 +1745,7 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
         s_region = GetConsoleRegionForDiscRegion(file_region);
       }
     }
-    else
+    else if (boot_mode != BootMode::ReplayGPUDump)
     {
       INFO_LOG("Loading CD image '{}'...", Path::GetFileName(parameters.filename));
       disc = CDImage::Open(parameters.filename.c_str(), g_settings.cdrom_load_image_patches, error);
@@ -1770,6 +1801,7 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
     Error::AddPrefixFmt(error, "Failed to switch to subimage {} in '{}':\n", parameters.media_playlist_index,
                         Path::GetFileName(parameters.filename));
     s_state = State::Shutdown;
+    s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
     Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
     Host::OnIdleStateChanged();
     return false;
@@ -1781,11 +1813,12 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   // Get boot EXE override.
   if (!parameters.override_exe.empty())
   {
-    if (!FileSystem::FileExists(parameters.override_exe.c_str()) || !IsExeFileName(parameters.override_exe))
+    if (!FileSystem::FileExists(parameters.override_exe.c_str()) || !IsExePath(parameters.override_exe))
     {
       Error::SetStringFmt(error, "File '{}' is not a valid executable to boot.",
                           Path::GetFileName(parameters.override_exe));
       s_state = State::Shutdown;
+      s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
       Cheats::UnloadAll();
       ClearRunningGame();
       Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
@@ -1802,6 +1835,7 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   if (!CheckForSBIFile(disc.get(), error))
   {
     s_state = State::Shutdown;
+    s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
     Cheats::UnloadAll();
     ClearRunningGame();
     Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
@@ -1840,6 +1874,7 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
     if (cancelled)
     {
       s_state = State::Shutdown;
+      s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
       Cheats::UnloadAll();
       ClearRunningGame();
       Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
@@ -1854,6 +1889,7 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   if (!SetBootMode(boot_mode, disc_region, error))
   {
     s_state = State::Shutdown;
+    s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
     Cheats::UnloadAll();
     ClearRunningGame();
     Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
@@ -1867,6 +1903,7 @@ bool System::BootSystem(SystemBootParameters parameters, Error* error)
   {
     s_boot_mode = System::BootMode::None;
     s_state = State::Shutdown;
+    s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
     Cheats::UnloadAll();
     ClearRunningGame();
     Host::OnSystemDestroyed();
@@ -2038,6 +2075,8 @@ void System::DestroySystem()
 
   ImGuiManager::DestroyAllDebugWindows();
 
+  s_gpu_dump_player.reset();
+
   s_undo_load_state.reset();
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_GDB_SERVER
@@ -2133,7 +2172,9 @@ void System::Execute()
         g_gpu->RestoreDeviceContext();
         TimingEvents::CommitLeftoverTicks();
 
-        if (s_rewind_load_counter >= 0)
+        if (s_gpu_dump_player) [[unlikely]]
+          s_gpu_dump_player->Execute();
+        else if (s_rewind_load_counter >= 0)
           DoRewind();
         else
           CPU::Execute();
@@ -2164,12 +2205,15 @@ void System::FrameDone()
 
   // Generate any pending samples from the SPU before sleeping, this way we reduce the chances of underruns.
   // TODO: when running ahead, we can skip this (and the flush above)
-  SPU::GeneratePendingSamples();
+  if (!IsReplayingGPUDump()) [[likely]]
+  {
+    SPU::GeneratePendingSamples();
 
-  Cheats::ApplyFrameEndCodes();
+    Cheats::ApplyFrameEndCodes();
 
-  if (Achievements::IsActive())
+    if (Achievements::IsActive())
-    Achievements::FrameUpdate();
+      Achievements::FrameUpdate();
+  }
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_DISCORD_PRESENCE
   PollDiscordPresence();
@@ -2697,7 +2741,7 @@ bool System::SetBootMode(BootMode new_boot_mode, DiscRegion disc_region, Error*
     return true;
 
   // Need to reload the BIOS to wipe out the patching.
-  if (!LoadBIOS(error))
+  if (new_boot_mode != BootMode::ReplayGPUDump && !LoadBIOS(error))
     return false;
 
   // Handle the case of BIOSes not being able to full boot.
@@ -2745,9 +2789,9 @@ std::string System::GetMediaPathFromSaveState(const char* path)
 
 bool System::LoadState(const char* path, Error* error, bool save_undo_state)
 {
-  if (!IsValid())
+  if (!IsValid() || IsReplayingGPUDump())
   {
-    Error::SetStringView(error, "System is not booted.");
+    Error::SetStringView(error, TRANSLATE_SV("System", "System is not in correct state."));
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -3067,7 +3111,12 @@ bool System::ReadAndDecompressStateData(std::FILE* fp, std::span<u8> dst, u32 fi
 
 bool System::SaveState(const char* path, Error* error, bool backup_existing_save)
 {
-  if (IsSavingMemoryCards())
+  if (!IsValid() || IsReplayingGPUDump())
+  {
+    Error::SetStringView(error, TRANSLATE_SV("System", "System is not in correct state."));
+    return false;
+  }
+  else if (IsSavingMemoryCards())
   {
     Error::SetStringView(error, TRANSLATE_SV("System", "Cannot save state while memory card is being saved."));
     return false;
@@ -3780,7 +3829,7 @@ void System::ResetControllers()
 std::unique_ptr<MemoryCard> System::GetMemoryCardForSlot(u32 slot, MemoryCardType type)
 {
   // Disable memory cards when running PSFs.
-  const bool is_running_psf = !s_running_game_path.empty() && IsPsfFileName(s_running_game_path.c_str());
+  const bool is_running_psf = !s_running_game_path.empty() && IsPsfPath(s_running_game_path.c_str());
   if (is_running_psf)
     return nullptr;
 
@@ -4070,6 +4119,9 @@ std::string System::GetMediaFileName()
 
 bool System::InsertMedia(const char* path)
 {
+  if (IsGPUDumpPath(path)) [[unlikely]]
+    return ChangeGPUDump(path);
+
   Error error;
   std::unique_ptr<CDImage> image = CDImage::Open(path, g_settings.cdrom_load_image_patches, &error);
   if (!image)
@@ -4130,7 +4182,7 @@ void System::UpdateRunningGame(const std::string_view path, CDImage* image, bool
     s_running_game_title = GameList::GetCustomTitleForPath(s_running_game_path);
     s_running_game_custom_title = !s_running_game_title.empty();
 
-    if (IsExeFileName(path))
+    if (IsExePath(path))
     {
       if (s_running_game_title.empty())
         s_running_game_title = Path::GetFileTitle(FileSystem::GetDisplayNameFromPath(path));
@@ -4139,12 +4191,28 @@ void System::UpdateRunningGame(const std::string_view path, CDImage* image, bool
       if (s_running_game_hash != 0)
         s_running_game_serial = GetGameHashId(s_running_game_hash);
     }
-    else if (IsPsfFileName(path))
+    else if (IsPsfPath(path))
     {
       // TODO: We could pull the title from the PSF.
       if (s_running_game_title.empty())
         s_running_game_title = Path::GetFileTitle(path);
     }
+    else if (IsGPUDumpPath(path))
+    {
+      DebugAssert(s_gpu_dump_player);
+      if (s_gpu_dump_player)
+      {
+        s_running_game_serial = s_gpu_dump_player->GetSerial();
+        if (!s_running_game_serial.empty())
+        {
+          s_running_game_entry = GameDatabase::GetEntryForSerial(s_running_game_serial);
+          if (s_running_game_entry && s_running_game_title.empty())
+            s_running_game_title = s_running_game_entry->title;
+          else if (s_running_game_title.empty())
+            s_running_game_title = s_running_game_serial;
+        }
+      }
+    }
     // Check for an audio CD. Those shouldn't set any title.
     else if (image && image->GetTrack(1).mode != CDImage::TrackMode::Audio)
     {
@@ -4180,13 +4248,17 @@ void System::UpdateRunningGame(const std::string_view path, CDImage* image, bool
   if (!booting)
     GPUTextureCache::SetGameID(s_running_game_serial);
 
-  if (booting)
+  if (!IsReplayingGPUDump())
-    Achievements::ResetHardcoreMode(true);
+  {
+    if (booting)
+      Achievements::ResetHardcoreMode(true);
 
-  Achievements::GameChanged(s_running_game_path, image);
+    Achievements::GameChanged(s_running_game_path, image);
+
+    // game layer reloads cheats, but only the active list, we need new files
+    Cheats::ReloadCheats(true, false, false, true);
+  }
 
-  // game layer reloads cheats, but only the active list, we need new files
-  Cheats::ReloadCheats(true, false, false, true);
   UpdateGameSettingsLayer();
 
   ApplySettings(true);
@@ -4879,6 +4951,14 @@ void System::UpdateMemorySaveStateSettings()
 {
   ClearMemorySaveStates();
 
+  if (IsReplayingGPUDump()) [[unlikely]]
+  {
+    s_memory_saves_enabled = false;
+    s_rewind_save_counter = -1;
+    s_runahead_frames = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+
   s_memory_saves_enabled = g_settings.rewind_enable;
 
   if (g_settings.rewind_enable)
@@ -5259,38 +5339,60 @@ void System::UpdateVolume()
   SPU::GetOutputStream()->SetOutputVolume(GetAudioOutputVolume());
 }
 
-bool System::SaveScreenshot(const char* filename, DisplayScreenshotMode mode, DisplayScreenshotFormat format,
+std::string System::GetScreenshotPath(const char* extension)
-                            u8 quality, bool compress_on_thread)
 {
-  if (!System::IsValid())
+  const std::string sanitized_name = Path::SanitizeFileName(System::GetGameTitle());
-    return false;
+  std::string basename;
+  if (sanitized_name.empty())
+    basename = fmt::format("{}", GetTimestampStringForFileName());
+  else
+    basename = fmt::format("{} {}", sanitized_name, GetTimestampStringForFileName());
 
-  std::string auto_filename;
+  std::string path = fmt::format("{}" FS_OSPATH_SEPARATOR_STR "{}.{}", EmuFolders::Screenshots, basename, extension);
-  if (!filename)
+
+  // handle quick screenshots to the same filename
+  u32 next_suffix = 1;
+  while (FileSystem::FileExists(path.c_str()))
   {
-    const std::string sanitized_name = Path::SanitizeFileName(System::GetGameTitle());
+    path =
-    const char* extension = Settings::GetDisplayScreenshotFormatExtension(format);
+      fmt::format("{}" FS_OSPATH_SEPARATOR_STR "{} ({}).{}", EmuFolders::Screenshots, basename, next_suffix, extension);
-    std::string basename;
+    next_suffix++;
-    if (sanitized_name.empty())
-      basename = fmt::format("{}", GetTimestampStringForFileName());
-    else
-      basename = fmt::format("{} {}", sanitized_name, GetTimestampStringForFileName());
-
-    auto_filename = fmt::format("{}" FS_OSPATH_SEPARATOR_STR "{}.{}", EmuFolders::Screenshots, basename, extension);
-
-    // handle quick screenshots to the same filename
-    u32 next_suffix = 1;
-    while (FileSystem::FileExists(auto_filename.c_str()))
-    {
-      auto_filename = fmt::format("{}" FS_OSPATH_SEPARATOR_STR "{} ({}).{}", EmuFolders::Screenshots, basename,
-                                  next_suffix, extension);
-      next_suffix++;
-    }
-
-    filename = auto_filename.c_str();
   }
 
-  return g_gpu->RenderScreenshotToFile(filename, mode, quality, compress_on_thread, true);
+  return path;
+}
+
+bool System::SaveScreenshot(const char* path, DisplayScreenshotMode mode, DisplayScreenshotFormat format, u8 quality,
+                            bool compress_on_thread)
+{
+  if (!IsValid())
+    return false;
+
+  std::string auto_path;
+  if (!path)
+    path = (auto_path = GetScreenshotPath(Settings::GetDisplayScreenshotFormatExtension(format))).c_str();
+
+  return g_gpu->RenderScreenshotToFile(path, mode, quality, compress_on_thread, true);
+}
+
+bool System::StartRecordingGPUDump(const char* path /*= nullptr*/, u32 num_frames /*= 0*/)
+{
+  if (!IsValid() || IsReplayingGPUDump())
+    return false;
+
+  std::string auto_path;
+  if (!path)
+    path = (auto_path = GetScreenshotPath("psxgpu")).c_str();
+
+  return g_gpu->StartRecordingGPUDump(path, num_frames);
+}
+
+void System::StopRecordingGPUDump()
+{
+  if (!IsValid())
+    return;
+
+  g_gpu->StopRecordingGPUDump();
 }
 
 static std::string_view GetCaptureTypeForMessage(bool capture_video, bool capture_audio)
@@ -5833,6 +5935,34 @@ void System::InvalidateDisplay()
     g_gpu->RestoreDeviceContext();
 }
 
+bool System::OpenGPUDump(std::string path, Error* error)
+{
+  std::unique_ptr<GPUDump::Player> new_dump = GPUDump::Player::Open(std::move(path), error);
+  if (!new_dump)
+    return false;
+
+  // set properties
+  s_gpu_dump_player = std::move(new_dump);
+  s_region = s_gpu_dump_player->GetRegion();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool System::ChangeGPUDump(std::string new_path)
+{
+  Error error;
+  if (!OpenGPUDump(std::move(new_path), &error))
+  {
+    Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", fmt::format(TRANSLATE_FS("Failed to change GPU dump: {}", error.GetDescription())));
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  UpdateRunningGame(s_gpu_dump_player->GetPath(), nullptr, false);
+
+  // current player object has been changed out, toss call stack
+  InterruptExecution();
+  return true;
+}
+
 void System::UpdateSessionTime(const std::string& prev_serial)
 {
   const u64 ctime = Common::Timer::GetCurrentValue();

src/core/system.h

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ enum class BootMode
   FastBoot,
   BootEXE,
   BootPSF,
+  ReplayGPUDump,
 };
 
 enum class Taint : u8
@@ -118,17 +119,20 @@ enum class Taint : u8
 
 extern TickCount g_ticks_per_second;
 
-/// Returns true if the filename is a PlayStation executable we can inject.
+/// Returns true if the path is a PlayStation executable we can inject.
-bool IsExeFileName(std::string_view path);
+bool IsExePath(std::string_view path);
 
-/// Returns true if the filename is a Portable Sound Format file we can uncompress/load.
+/// Returns true if the path is a Portable Sound Format file we can uncompress/load.
-bool IsPsfFileName(std::string_view path);
+bool IsPsfPath(std::string_view path);
 
-/// Returns true if the filename is one we can load.
+/// Returns true if the path is a GPU dump that we can replay.
-bool IsLoadableFilename(std::string_view path);
+bool IsGPUDumpPath(std::string_view path);
 
-/// Returns true if the filename is a save state.
+/// Returns true if the path is one we can load.
-bool IsSaveStateFilename(std::string_view path);
+bool IsLoadablePath(std::string_view path);
+
+/// Returns true if the path is a save state.
+bool IsSaveStatePath(std::string_view path);
 
 /// Returns the preferred console type for a disc.
 ConsoleRegion GetConsoleRegionForDiscRegion(DiscRegion region);
@@ -159,6 +163,7 @@ bool IsShutdown();
 bool IsValid();
 bool IsValidOrInitializing();
 bool IsExecuting();
+bool IsReplayingGPUDump();
 
 bool IsStartupCancelled();
 void CancelPendingStartup();
@@ -390,10 +395,14 @@ s32 GetAudioOutputVolume();
 void UpdateVolume();
 
 /// Saves a screenshot to the specified file. If no file name is provided, one will be generated automatically.
-bool SaveScreenshot(const char* filename = nullptr, DisplayScreenshotMode mode = g_settings.display_screenshot_mode,
+bool SaveScreenshot(const char* path = nullptr, DisplayScreenshotMode mode = g_settings.display_screenshot_mode,
                     DisplayScreenshotFormat format = g_settings.display_screenshot_format,
                     u8 quality = g_settings.display_screenshot_quality, bool compress_on_thread = true);
 
+/// Starts/stops GPU dump/trace recording.
+bool StartRecordingGPUDump(const char* path = nullptr, u32 num_frames = 1);
+void StopRecordingGPUDump();
+
 /// Returns the path that a new media capture would be saved to by default. Safe to call from any thread.
 std::string GetNewMediaCapturePath(const std::string_view title, const std::string_view container);
 

src/core/timers.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "gpu.h"
 #include "interrupt_controller.h"
 #include "system.h"
+#include "timing_event.h"
 
 #include "util/imgui_manager.h"
 #include "util/state_wrapper.h"
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ static void UpdateSysClkEvent();
 namespace {
 struct TimersState
 {
-  TimingEvent sysclk_event{ "Timer SysClk Interrupt", 1, 1, &Timers::AddSysClkTicks, nullptr };
+  TimingEvent sysclk_event{"Timer SysClk Interrupt", 1, 1, &Timers::AddSysClkTicks, nullptr};
 
   std::array<CounterState, NUM_TIMERS> counters{};
   TickCount sysclk_ticks_carry = 0; // 0 unless overclocking is enabled

src/core/timing_event.cpp

@@ -88,6 +88,11 @@ TimingEvent** TimingEvents::GetHeadEventPtr()
   return &s_state.active_events_head;
 }
 
+void TimingEvents::SetGlobalTickCounter(GlobalTicks ticks)
+{
+  s_state.global_tick_counter = ticks;
+}
+
 void TimingEvents::SortEvent(TimingEvent* event)
 {
   const GlobalTicks event_runtime = event->m_next_run_time;

src/core/timing_event.h

@@ -94,4 +94,7 @@ void UpdateCPUDowncount();
 
 TimingEvent** GetHeadEventPtr();
 
+// Tick counter injection, only for GPU dump replayer.
+void SetGlobalTickCounter(GlobalTicks ticks);
+
 } // namespace TimingEvents

src/core/types.h

@@ -126,6 +126,16 @@ enum class GPULineDetectMode : u8
   Count
 };
 
+enum class GPUDumpCompressionMode : u8
+{
+  Disabled,
+  ZstLow,
+  ZstDefault,
+  ZstHigh,
+  // TODO: XZ
+  MaxCount
+};
+
 enum class DisplayCropMode : u8
 {
   None,

src/duckstation-qt/graphicssettingswidget.cpp

@@ -294,6 +294,12 @@ GraphicsSettingsWidget::GraphicsSettingsWidget(SettingsWindow* dialog, QWidget*
 
   SettingWidgetBinder::BindWidgetToBoolSetting(sif, m_ui.gpuThread, "GPU", "UseThread", true);
 
+  SettingWidgetBinder::BindWidgetToEnumSetting(
+    sif, m_ui.gpuDumpCompressionMode, "GPU", "DumpCompressionMode", &Settings::ParseGPUDumpCompressionMode,
+    &Settings::GetGPUDumpCompressionModeName, &Settings::GetGPUDumpCompressionModeDisplayName,
+    Settings::DEFAULT_GPU_DUMP_COMPRESSION_MODE, GPUDumpCompressionMode::MaxCount);
+  SettingWidgetBinder::BindWidgetToBoolSetting(sif, m_ui.gpuDumpFastReplayMode, "GPU", "DumpFastReplayMode", false);
+
   SettingWidgetBinder::BindWidgetToBoolSetting(sif, m_ui.useDebugDevice, "GPU", "UseDebugDevice", false);
   SettingWidgetBinder::BindWidgetToBoolSetting(sif, m_ui.disableShaderCache, "GPU", "DisableShaderCache", false);
   SettingWidgetBinder::BindWidgetToBoolSetting(sif, m_ui.disableDualSource, "GPU", "DisableDualSourceBlend", false);

src/duckstation-qt/graphicssettingswidget.ui

@@ -1297,6 +1297,32 @@
          </layout>
         </widget>
        </item>
+       <item>
+        <widget class="QGroupBox" name="gpuDumpGroup">
+         <property name="title">
+          <string>GPU Dump Recording/Playback</string>
+         </property>
+         <layout class="QFormLayout" name="formLayout_12">
+          <item row="0" column="0">
+           <widget class="QLabel" name="groupDumpCompressionModeLabel">
+            <property name="text">
+             <string>Dump Compression Mode:</string>
+            </property>
+           </widget>
+          </item>
+          <item row="0" column="1">
+           <widget class="QComboBox" name="gpuDumpCompressionMode"/>
+          </item>
+          <item row="1" column="0" colspan="2">
+           <widget class="QCheckBox" name="gpuDumpFastReplayMode">
+            <property name="text">
+             <string>Fast Dump Playback</string>
+            </property>
+           </widget>
+          </item>
+         </layout>
+        </widget>
+       </item>
        <item>
         <widget class="QGroupBox" name="groupBox_9">
          <property name="title">

src/duckstation-qt/mainwindow.cpp

@@ -61,12 +61,11 @@
 LOG_CHANNEL(MainWindow);
 
 static constexpr char DISC_IMAGE_FILTER[] = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(
-  "MainWindow",
+  "MainWindow", "All File Types (*.bin *.img *.iso *.cue *.chd *.ecm *.mds *.pbp *.exe *.psexe *.ps-exe *.psx *.psf "
-  "All File Types (*.bin *.img *.iso *.cue *.chd *.ecm *.mds *.pbp *.exe *.psexe *.ps-exe *.psx *.psf *.minipsf "
+                "*.minipsf *.m3u *.psxgpu);;Single-Track Raw Images (*.bin *.img *.iso);;Cue Sheets (*.cue);;MAME CHD "
-  "*.m3u);;Single-Track "
+                "Images (*.chd);;Error Code Modeler Images (*.ecm);;Media Descriptor Sidecar Images "
-  "Raw Images (*.bin *.img *.iso);;Cue Sheets (*.cue);;MAME CHD Images (*.chd);;Error Code Modeler Images "
+                "(*.mds);;PlayStation EBOOTs (*.pbp *.PBP);;PlayStation Executables (*.exe *.psexe *.ps-exe, "
-  "(*.ecm);;Media Descriptor Sidecar Images (*.mds);;PlayStation EBOOTs (*.pbp *.PBP);;PlayStation Executables (*.exe "
+                "*.psx);;Portable Sound Format Files (*.psf *.minipsf);;Playlists (*.m3u);;PSX GPU Dumps (*.psxgpu)");
-  "*.psexe *.ps-exe, *.psx);;Portable Sound Format Files (*.psf *.minipsf);;Playlists (*.m3u)");
 
 MainWindow* g_main_window = nullptr;
 
@@ -1158,7 +1157,7 @@ void MainWindow::promptForDiscChange(const QString& path)
   SystemLock lock(pauseAndLockSystem());
 
   bool reset_system = false;
-  if (!m_was_disc_change_request)
+  if (!m_was_disc_change_request && !System::IsGPUDumpPath(path.toStdString()))
   {
     QMessageBox mb(QMessageBox::Question, tr("Confirm Disc Change"),
                    tr("Do you want to swap discs or boot the new image (via system reset)?"), QMessageBox::NoButton,
@@ -2002,6 +2001,7 @@ void MainWindow::connectSignals()
   connect(m_ui.actionMemoryScanner, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::onToolsMemoryScannerTriggered);
   connect(m_ui.actionCoverDownloader, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::onToolsCoverDownloaderTriggered);
   connect(m_ui.actionMediaCapture, &QAction::toggled, this, &MainWindow::onToolsMediaCaptureToggled);
+  connect(m_ui.actionCaptureGPUFrame, &QAction::triggered, g_emu_thread, &EmuThread::captureGPUFrameDump);
   connect(m_ui.actionCPUDebugger, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::openCPUDebugger);
   connect(m_ui.actionOpenDataDirectory, &QAction::triggered, this, &MainWindow::onToolsOpenDataDirectoryTriggered);
   connect(m_ui.actionOpenTextureDirectory, &QAction::triggered, this,
@@ -2416,7 +2416,7 @@ static QString getFilenameFromMimeData(const QMimeData* md)
 void MainWindow::dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent* event)
 {
   const std::string filename(getFilenameFromMimeData(event->mimeData()).toStdString());
-  if (!System::IsLoadableFilename(filename) && !System::IsSaveStateFilename(filename))
+  if (!System::IsLoadablePath(filename) && !System::IsSaveStatePath(filename))
     return;
 
   event->acceptProposedAction();
@@ -2426,12 +2426,12 @@ void MainWindow::dropEvent(QDropEvent* event)
 {
   const QString qfilename(getFilenameFromMimeData(event->mimeData()));
   const std::string filename(qfilename.toStdString());
-  if (!System::IsLoadableFilename(filename) && !System::IsSaveStateFilename(filename))
+  if (!System::IsLoadablePath(filename) && !System::IsSaveStatePath(filename))
     return;
 
   event->acceptProposedAction();
 
-  if (System::IsSaveStateFilename(filename))
+  if (System::IsSaveStatePath(filename))
   {
     g_emu_thread->loadState(qfilename);
     return;

src/duckstation-qt/mainwindow.ui

@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@
     <addaction name="actionMemoryScanner"/>
     <addaction name="separator"/>
     <addaction name="actionMediaCapture"/>
+    <addaction name="actionCaptureGPUFrame"/>
     <addaction name="separator"/>
     <addaction name="actionOpenTextureDirectory"/>
     <addaction name="actionReloadTextureReplacements"/>
@@ -912,6 +913,11 @@
     <string>Reload Texture Replacements</string>
    </property>
   </action>
+  <action name="actionCaptureGPUFrame">
+   <property name="text">
+    <string>Capture GPU Frame</string>
+   </property>
+  </action>
  </widget>
  <resources>
   <include location="resources/duckstation-qt.qrc"/>

src/duckstation-qt/qthost.cpp

@@ -1366,6 +1366,18 @@ void EmuThread::reloadTextureReplacements()
     GPUTextureCache::ReloadTextureReplacements(true);
 }
 
+void EmuThread::captureGPUFrameDump()
+{
+  if (!isCurrentThread())
+  {
+    QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "captureGPUFrameDump", Qt::QueuedConnection);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (System::IsValid())
+    System::StartRecordingGPUDump();
+}
+
 void EmuThread::runOnEmuThread(std::function<void()> callback)
 {
   callback();

src/duckstation-qt/qthost.h

@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ public Q_SLOTS:
   void updatePostProcessingSettings();
   void clearInputBindStateFromSource(InputBindingKey key);
   void reloadTextureReplacements();
+  void captureGPUFrameDump();
 
 private Q_SLOTS:
   void stopInThread();

src/duckstation-qt/settingswindow.cpp

@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ SettingsWindow* SettingsWindow::openGamePropertiesDialog(const std::string& path
                                                          const char* category /* = nullptr */)
 {
   const GameDatabase::Entry* dentry = nullptr;
-  if (!System::IsExeFileName(path) && !System::IsPsfFileName(path))
+  if (!System::IsExePath(path) && !System::IsPsfPath(path))
   {
     // Need to resolve hash games.
     Error error;