The data passed in isn't modified in these functions
Also normalizes variables with prefixed underscores in the modified
functions (and normalizes outliers to our current coding style), as
single-underscore followed by any lowercased/uppercased character is
reserved for use in the global namespace (it's a common misconception this
is assumed to only be the case for underscores followed by a capital
character, but this is only the case in C, not C++).
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