diff --git a/Source/Core/Common/GL/GLExtensions/GLExtensions.cpp b/Source/Core/Common/GL/GLExtensions/GLExtensions.cpp
index d43e898ca5..e761f9e05a 100644
--- a/Source/Core/Common/GL/GLExtensions/GLExtensions.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/Common/GL/GLExtensions/GLExtensions.cpp
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ const GLFunc gl_function_array[] = {
     GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glDrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance, "VERSION_4_2"),
     GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glDrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance, "VERSION_4_2"),
     GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glDrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance, "VERSION_4_2"),
-    GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glGetInternalformativ, "VERSION_4_2"),
+    GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glGetInternalformativ, "VERSION_4_2 |VERSION_GLES_3"),
     GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glGetActiveAtomicCounterBufferiv, "VERSION_4_2"),
     GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glBindImageTexture, "VERSION_4_2"),
     GLFUNC_REQUIRES(glMemoryBarrier, "VERSION_4_2"),
diff --git a/Source/Core/Core/Core.cpp b/Source/Core/Core/Core.cpp
index fb97379411..dbcca8a687 100644
--- a/Source/Core/Core/Core.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/Core/Core.cpp
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ bool Init(std::unique_ptr<BootParameters> boot, const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
   Host_UpdateMainFrame();  // Disable any menus or buttons at boot
 
   // Manually reactivate the video backend in case a GameINI overrides the video backend setting.
-  VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo();
+  VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo(wsi);
 
   // Issue any API calls which must occur on the main thread for the graphics backend.
   WindowSystemInfo prepared_wsi(wsi);
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ static void EmuThread(std::unique_ptr<BootParameters> boot, WindowSystemInfo wsi
     system.GetPowerPC().GetDebugInterface().Clear(guard);
   }};
 
-  VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo();
+  VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo(wsi);
 
   if (!g_video_backend->Initialize(wsi))
   {
diff --git a/Source/Core/DolphinLib.props b/Source/Core/DolphinLib.props
index 05142ae672..ec9ac2065a 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DolphinLib.props
+++ b/Source/Core/DolphinLib.props
@@ -534,7 +534,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="UICommon\ResourcePack\ResourcePack.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="UICommon\UICommon.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="UICommon\USBUtils.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="UICommon\VideoUtils.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="UpdaterCommon\UI.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="UpdaterCommon\UpdaterCommon.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="VideoBackends\D3D\D3DBase.h" />
@@ -1160,7 +1159,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="UICommon\ResourcePack\ResourcePack.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="UICommon\UICommon.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="UICommon\USBUtils.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="UICommon\VideoUtils.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="UpdaterCommon\UpdaterCommon.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="VideoBackends\D3D\D3DBase.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="VideoBackends\D3D\D3DBoundingBox.cpp" />
diff --git a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/EnhancementsWidget.cpp b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/EnhancementsWidget.cpp
index 113c9fe835..c5889d2ad4 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/EnhancementsWidget.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/EnhancementsWidget.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 #include "DolphinQt/QtUtils/NonDefaultQPushButton.h"
 #include "DolphinQt/Settings.h"
 
-#include "UICommon/VideoUtils.h"
-
 #include "VideoCommon/PostProcessing.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoCommon.h"
@@ -260,18 +258,38 @@ void EnhancementsWidget::LoadSettings()
   m_block_save = true;
   // Anti-Aliasing
 
-  const int aa_selection = Config::Get(Config::GFX_MSAA);
+  const u32 aa_selection = Config::Get(Config::GFX_MSAA);
   const bool ssaa = Config::Get(Config::GFX_SSAA);
   const int aniso = Config::Get(Config::GFX_ENHANCE_MAX_ANISOTROPY);
   const TextureFilteringMode tex_filter_mode =
       Config::Get(Config::GFX_ENHANCE_FORCE_TEXTURE_FILTERING);
 
   m_aa_combo->clear();
-  for (const auto& option : VideoUtils::GetAvailableAntialiasingModes(m_msaa_modes))
-    m_aa_combo->addItem(option == "None" ? tr("None") : QString::fromStdString(option));
 
-  m_aa_combo->setCurrentText(
-      QString::fromStdString(std::to_string(aa_selection) + "x " + (ssaa ? "SSAA" : "MSAA")));
+  for (const u32 aa_mode : g_Config.backend_info.AAModes)
+  {
+    if (aa_mode == 1)
+      m_aa_combo->addItem(tr("None"), 1);
+    else
+      m_aa_combo->addItem(tr("%1x MSAA").arg(aa_mode), static_cast<int>(aa_mode));
+
+    if (aa_mode == aa_selection && !ssaa)
+      m_aa_combo->setCurrentIndex(m_aa_combo->count() - 1);
+  }
+  if (g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsSSAA)
+  {
+    for (const u32 aa_mode : g_Config.backend_info.AAModes)
+    {
+      if (aa_mode != 1)  // don't show "None" twice
+      {
+        // Mark SSAA using negative values in the variant
+        m_aa_combo->addItem(tr("%1x SSAA").arg(aa_mode), -static_cast<int>(aa_mode));
+        if (aa_mode == aa_selection && ssaa)
+          m_aa_combo->setCurrentIndex(m_aa_combo->count() - 1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   m_aa_combo->setEnabled(m_aa_combo->count() > 1);
 
   switch (tex_filter_mode)
@@ -310,22 +328,10 @@ void EnhancementsWidget::SaveSettings()
   if (m_block_save)
     return;
 
-  bool is_ssaa = m_aa_combo->currentText().endsWith(QStringLiteral("SSAA"));
-
-  int aa_value = m_aa_combo->currentIndex();
-
-  if (aa_value == 0)
-  {
-    aa_value = 1;
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    if (aa_value > m_msaa_modes)
-      aa_value -= m_msaa_modes;
-    aa_value = std::pow(2, aa_value);
-  }
-  Config::SetBaseOrCurrent(Config::GFX_MSAA, static_cast<unsigned int>(aa_value));
+  const u32 aa_value = static_cast<u32>(std::abs(m_aa_combo->currentData().toInt()));
+  const bool is_ssaa = m_aa_combo->currentData().toInt() < 0;
 
+  Config::SetBaseOrCurrent(Config::GFX_MSAA, aa_value);
   Config::SetBaseOrCurrent(Config::GFX_SSAA, is_ssaa);
 
   const int texture_filtering_selection = m_texture_filtering_combo->currentData().toInt();
diff --git a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.cpp b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.cpp
index 535458685c..7b31cc7f6e 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"
 
-GraphicsWindow::GraphicsWindow(MainWindow* parent) : QDialog(parent)
+GraphicsWindow::GraphicsWindow(MainWindow* parent) : QDialog(parent), m_main_window(parent)
 {
   CreateMainLayout();
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void GraphicsWindow::CreateMainLayout()
 void GraphicsWindow::OnBackendChanged(const QString& backend_name)
 {
   Config::SetBase(Config::MAIN_GFX_BACKEND, backend_name.toStdString());
-  VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfoFromUI();
+  VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfoFromUI(m_main_window->GetWindowSystemInfo());
 
   setWindowTitle(
       tr("%1 Graphics Configuration").arg(tr(g_video_backend->GetDisplayName().c_str())));
diff --git a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.h b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.h
index c345de3fef..5949a2dda3 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.h
+++ b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/Config/Graphics/GraphicsWindow.h
@@ -28,4 +28,6 @@ signals:
 private:
   void CreateMainLayout();
   void OnBackendChanged(const QString& backend);
+
+  MainWindow* const m_main_window;
 };
diff --git a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.cpp b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.cpp
index 8262c8f01e..42a6a04603 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.cpp
@@ -343,12 +343,17 @@ MainWindow::~MainWindow()
   Config::Save();
 }
 
+WindowSystemInfo MainWindow::GetWindowSystemInfo() const
+{
+  return ::GetWindowSystemInfo(m_render_widget->windowHandle());
+}
+
 void MainWindow::InitControllers()
 {
   if (g_controller_interface.IsInit())
     return;
 
-  UICommon::InitControllers(GetWindowSystemInfo(windowHandle()));
+  UICommon::InitControllers(::GetWindowSystemInfo(windowHandle()));
 
   m_hotkey_scheduler = new HotkeyScheduler();
   m_hotkey_scheduler->Start();
@@ -1098,7 +1103,7 @@ void MainWindow::StartGame(std::unique_ptr<BootParameters>&& parameters)
 
   // Boot up, show an error if it fails to load the game.
   if (!BootManager::BootCore(std::move(parameters),
-                             GetWindowSystemInfo(m_render_widget->windowHandle())))
+                             ::GetWindowSystemInfo(m_render_widget->windowHandle())))
   {
     ModalMessageBox::critical(this, tr("Error"), tr("Failed to init core"), QMessageBox::Ok);
     HideRenderWidget();
@@ -1206,7 +1211,7 @@ void MainWindow::HideRenderWidget(bool reinit, bool is_exit)
     // The controller interface will still be registered to the old render widget, if the core
     // has booted. Therefore, we should re-bind it to the main window for now. When the core
     // is next started, it will be swapped back to the new render widget.
-    g_controller_interface.ChangeWindow(GetWindowSystemInfo(windowHandle()).render_window,
+    g_controller_interface.ChangeWindow(::GetWindowSystemInfo(windowHandle()).render_window,
                                         is_exit ? ControllerInterface::WindowChangeReason::Exit :
                                                   ControllerInterface::WindowChangeReason::Other);
   }
diff --git a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.h b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.h
index fa3a274bfc..4654202ed7 100644
--- a/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.h
+++ b/Source/Core/DolphinQt/MainWindow.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ class ThreadWidget;
 class ToolBar;
 class WatchWidget;
 class WiiTASInputWindow;
+struct WindowSystemInfo;
 
 namespace DiscIO
 {
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ public:
   ~MainWindow();
 
   void Show();
+  WindowSystemInfo GetWindowSystemInfo() const;
 
   bool eventFilter(QObject* object, QEvent* event) override;
 
diff --git a/Source/Core/UICommon/CMakeLists.txt b/Source/Core/UICommon/CMakeLists.txt
index f2ffbd0821..947aeae346 100644
--- a/Source/Core/UICommon/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Source/Core/UICommon/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ add_library(uicommon
   UICommon.h
   USBUtils.cpp
   USBUtils.h
-  VideoUtils.cpp
-  VideoUtils.h
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(uicommon
diff --git a/Source/Core/UICommon/VideoUtils.cpp b/Source/Core/UICommon/VideoUtils.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 17947e81b2..0000000000
--- a/Source/Core/UICommon/VideoUtils.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Dolphin Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include "UICommon/VideoUtils.h"
-
-#include "Common/Assert.h"
-#include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"
-
-namespace VideoUtils
-{
-std::vector<std::string> GetAvailableAntialiasingModes(int& msaa_modes)
-{
-  std::vector<std::string> modes;
-  const auto& aa_modes = g_Config.backend_info.AAModes;
-  const bool supports_ssaa = g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsSSAA;
-  msaa_modes = 0;
-
-  for (const auto mode : aa_modes)
-  {
-    if (mode == 1)
-    {
-      modes.push_back("None");
-      ASSERT_MSG(VIDEO, !supports_ssaa || msaa_modes == 0, "SSAA setting won't work correctly");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-      modes.push_back(std::to_string(mode) + "x MSAA");
-      msaa_modes++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (supports_ssaa)
-  {
-    for (const auto mode : aa_modes)
-    {
-      if (mode != 1)
-        modes.push_back(std::to_string(mode) + "x SSAA");
-    }
-  }
-
-  return modes;
-}
-}  // namespace VideoUtils
diff --git a/Source/Core/UICommon/VideoUtils.h b/Source/Core/UICommon/VideoUtils.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 492813adab..0000000000
--- a/Source/Core/UICommon/VideoUtils.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Dolphin Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace VideoUtils
-{
-std::vector<std::string> GetAvailableAntialiasingModes(int& m_msaa_modes);
-}  // namespace VideoUtils
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/D3DMain.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/D3DMain.cpp
index 8256674ad5..4f797fcb26 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/D3DMain.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/D3DMain.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ std::optional<std::string> VideoBackend::GetWarningMessage() const
   return result;
 }
 
-void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
+void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   if (!D3DCommon::LoadLibraries())
     return;
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/VideoBackend.h
index 1349d13b2b..6a94f8c7a3 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D/VideoBackend.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public:
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override;
   std::optional<std::string> GetWarningMessage() const override;
 
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   static constexpr const char* NAME = "D3D";
 
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.cpp
index afc5bb96e8..f82b7d961b 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ std::string VideoBackend::GetDisplayName() const
   return "Direct3D 12";
 }
 
-void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
+void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   if (!D3DCommon::LoadLibraries())
     return;
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.h
index 7d3126b38c..db03b738d0 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/VideoBackend.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public:
 
   std::string GetName() const override;
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override;
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   static constexpr const char* NAME = "D3D12";
 
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLMain.mm b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLMain.mm
index f799d5eea1..7042e091fd 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLMain.mm
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/MTLMain.mm
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void Metal::VideoBackend::Shutdown()
   ObjectCache::Shutdown();
 }
 
-void Metal::VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
+void Metal::VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   @autoreleasepool
   {
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/VideoBackend.h
index 3a567718e2..a6a24173e5 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Metal/VideoBackend.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public:
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override;
   std::optional<std::string> GetWarningMessage() const override;
 
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   void PrepareWindow(WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/NullBackend.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/NullBackend.cpp
index 900a911699..28afcce4dc 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/NullBackend.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/NullBackend.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 namespace Null
 {
-void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
+void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   g_Config.backend_info.api_type = APIType::Nothing;
   g_Config.backend_info.MaxTextureSize = 16384;
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/VideoBackend.h
index f08098cfd0..4437c0c48d 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Null/VideoBackend.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public:
 
   std::string GetName() const override { return NAME; }
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override;
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   static constexpr const char* NAME = "Null";
 };
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.cpp
index 95998b836b..2695402b63 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
 
 #include "VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.h"
 
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "Common/Assert.h"
 #include "Common/GL/GLContext.h"
 #include "Common/GL/GLExtensions/GLExtensions.h"
 #include "Common/Logging/LogManager.h"
@@ -10,14 +15,13 @@
 
 #include "Core/Config/GraphicsSettings.h"
 
+#include "VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.h"
+
 #include "VideoCommon/DriverDetails.h"
+#include "VideoCommon/FramebufferManager.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/OnScreenDisplay.h"
 #include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"
 
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <string>
-#include <string_view>
-
 namespace OGL
 {
 void InitDriverInfo()
@@ -537,9 +541,118 @@ bool PopulateConfig(GLContext* m_main_gl_context)
   g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsEarlyZ =
       g_ogl_config.bSupportsImageLoadStore || g_ogl_config.bSupportsConservativeDepth;
 
-  glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_SAMPLES, &g_ogl_config.max_samples);
-  if (g_ogl_config.max_samples < 1 || !g_ogl_config.bSupportsMSAA)
-    g_ogl_config.max_samples = 1;
+  g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.clear();
+  if (g_ogl_config.bSupportsMSAA)
+  {
+    bool supportsGetInternalFormat =
+        GLExtensions::Supports("VERSION_4_2") || GLExtensions::Supports("VERSION_GLES_3");
+    if (supportsGetInternalFormat)
+    {
+      // Note: GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY_OES should technically be used for
+      // GL_OES_texture_storage_multisample_2d_array, but both are 0x9102 so it does not matter.
+
+      std::vector<int> color_aa_modes;
+      {
+        GLenum colorInternalFormat = OGLTexture::GetGLInternalFormatForTextureFormat(
+            FramebufferManager::GetEFBColorFormat(), true);
+        GLint num_color_sample_counts = 0;
+        glGetInternalformativ(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY, colorInternalFormat,
+                              GL_NUM_SAMPLE_COUNTS, 1, &num_color_sample_counts);
+
+        ASSERT_MSG(VIDEO, num_color_sample_counts >= 0,
+                   "negative GL_NUM_SAMPLE_COUNTS for colors does not make sense: {}",
+                   num_color_sample_counts);
+        color_aa_modes.reserve(num_color_sample_counts + 1);
+        if (num_color_sample_counts > 0)
+        {
+          color_aa_modes.resize(num_color_sample_counts);
+
+          static_assert(sizeof(GLint) == sizeof(u32));
+          glGetInternalformativ(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY, colorInternalFormat, GL_SAMPLES,
+                                num_color_sample_counts,
+                                reinterpret_cast<GLint*>(color_aa_modes.data()));
+          ASSERT_MSG(VIDEO, std::is_sorted(color_aa_modes.rbegin(), color_aa_modes.rend()),
+                     "GPU driver didn't return sorted color AA modes: [{}]",
+                     fmt::join(color_aa_modes, ", "));
+        }
+
+        if (color_aa_modes.empty() || color_aa_modes.back() != 1)
+          color_aa_modes.push_back(1);
+      }
+
+      std::vector<int> depth_aa_modes;
+      {
+        GLenum depthInternalFormat = OGLTexture::GetGLInternalFormatForTextureFormat(
+            FramebufferManager::GetEFBColorFormat(), true);
+        GLint num_depth_sample_counts = 0;
+        glGetInternalformativ(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY, depthInternalFormat,
+                              GL_NUM_SAMPLE_COUNTS, 1, &num_depth_sample_counts);
+
+        ASSERT_MSG(VIDEO, num_depth_sample_counts >= 0,
+                   "negative GL_NUM_SAMPLE_COUNTS for depth does not make sense: {}",
+                   num_depth_sample_counts);
+        depth_aa_modes.reserve(num_depth_sample_counts + 1);
+        if (num_depth_sample_counts > 0)
+        {
+          depth_aa_modes.resize(num_depth_sample_counts);
+
+          static_assert(sizeof(GLint) == sizeof(u32));
+          glGetInternalformativ(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY, depthInternalFormat, GL_SAMPLES,
+                                num_depth_sample_counts,
+                                reinterpret_cast<GLint*>(depth_aa_modes.data()));
+          ASSERT_MSG(VIDEO, std::is_sorted(depth_aa_modes.rbegin(), depth_aa_modes.rend()),
+                     "GPU driver didn't return sorted depth AA modes: [{}]",
+                     fmt::join(depth_aa_modes, ", "));
+        }
+
+        if (depth_aa_modes.empty() || depth_aa_modes.back() != 1)
+          depth_aa_modes.push_back(1);
+      }
+
+      // The spec says supported sample formats are returned in descending numeric order.
+      // It also says "Only positive values are returned", but does not specify whether 1 is
+      // included or not; it seems like NVIDIA and Intel GPUs do not include it.
+      // We've inserted 1 at the back of both if not present to handle this.
+      g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.clear();
+      g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.reserve(std::min(color_aa_modes.size(), depth_aa_modes.size()));
+      // We only want AA modes that are supported for both the color and depth textures. Probably
+      // the support is the same, though. rbegin/rend are used to swap the order ahead of time.
+      std::set_intersection(color_aa_modes.rbegin(), color_aa_modes.rend(), depth_aa_modes.rbegin(),
+                            depth_aa_modes.rend(),
+                            std::back_inserter(g_Config.backend_info.AAModes));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      // The documentation for glGetInternalformativ says its value is at least the minimum of
+      // GL_MAX_SAMPLES, GL_MAX_COLOR_TEXTURE_SAMPLES, and GL_MAX_DEPTH_TEXTURE_SAMPLES (and
+      // GL_MAX_INTEGER_SAMPLES for integer textures, assumed not applicable here).
+      GLint max_color_samples = 0;
+      glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_COLOR_TEXTURE_SAMPLES, &max_color_samples);
+      GLint max_depth_samples = 0;
+      glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_COLOR_TEXTURE_SAMPLES, &max_depth_samples);
+      // Note: The desktop OpenGL ref pages don't actually say that GL_MAX_SAMPLES is a valid
+      // parameter for glGetIntegerv (though the ES ones do). However, MAX_SAMPLES is
+      // referenced in the GL 3.1 spec and by GL_ARB_texture_multisample (which is written against
+      // the OpenGL 3.1 spec), so presumably it is valid.
+      GLint max_samples = 0;
+      glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_SAMPLES, &max_samples);
+      u32 supported_max_samples =
+          static_cast<u32>(std::min({max_samples, max_color_samples, max_depth_samples}));
+
+      while (supported_max_samples > 1)
+      {
+        g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.push_back(supported_max_samples);
+        supported_max_samples /= 2;
+      }
+      g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.push_back(1);
+      // The UI wants ascending order
+      std::reverse(g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.begin(), g_Config.backend_info.AAModes.end());
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    g_Config.backend_info.AAModes = {1};
+  }
 
   const bool bSupportsIsHelperInvocation = g_ogl_config.bIsES ?
                                                g_ogl_config.eSupportedGLSLVersion >= GlslEs320 :
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.h
index 6a50269222..2b78c35c2b 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLConfig.h
@@ -82,8 +82,6 @@ struct VideoConfig
   const char* gl_vendor;
   const char* gl_renderer;
   const char* gl_version;
-
-  s32 max_samples;
 };
 
 void InitDriverInfo();
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLGfx.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLGfx.cpp
index e83ff209ea..e545ed7f4b 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLGfx.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLGfx.cpp
@@ -146,12 +146,6 @@ OGLGfx::OGLGfx(std::unique_ptr<GLContext> main_gl_context, float backbuffer_scal
     }
   }
 
-  if (!PopulateConfig(m_main_gl_context.get()))
-  {
-    // Not all needed extensions are supported, so we have to stop here.
-    // Else some of the next calls might crash.
-    return;
-  }
   InitDriverInfo();
 
   // Setup Debug logging
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLMain.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLMain.cpp
index c47b94ceb8..13f47a054f 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLMain.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLMain.cpp
@@ -74,8 +74,45 @@ std::string VideoBackend::GetDisplayName() const
     return _trans("OpenGL");
 }
 
-void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
+void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
+  std::unique_ptr<GLContext> temp_gl_context =
+      GLContext::Create(wsi, g_Config.stereo_mode == StereoMode::QuadBuffer, true, false,
+                        Config::Get(Config::GFX_PREFER_GLES));
+
+  if (!temp_gl_context)
+    return;
+
+  FillBackendInfo(temp_gl_context.get());
+}
+
+bool VideoBackend::InitializeGLExtensions(GLContext* context)
+{
+  // Init extension support.
+  if (!GLExtensions::Init(context))
+  {
+    // OpenGL 2.0 is required for all shader based drawings. There is no way to get this by
+    // extensions
+    PanicAlertFmtT("GPU: OGL ERROR: Does your video card support OpenGL 2.0?");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (GLExtensions::Version() < 300)
+  {
+    // integer vertex attributes require a gl3 only function
+    PanicAlertFmtT("GPU: OGL ERROR: Need OpenGL version 3.\n"
+                   "GPU: Does your video card support OpenGL 3?");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool VideoBackend::FillBackendInfo(GLContext* context)
+{
+  if (!InitializeGLExtensions(context))
+    return false;
+
   g_Config.backend_info.api_type = APIType::OpenGL;
   g_Config.backend_info.MaxTextureSize = 16384;
   g_Config.backend_info.bUsesLowerLeftOrigin = true;
@@ -105,7 +142,7 @@ void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
   g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsGPUTextureDecoding = true;
   g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsBBox = true;
 
-  // Overwritten in OGLRender.cpp later
+  // Overwritten in OGLConfig.cpp later
   g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsDualSourceBlend = true;
   g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsPrimitiveRestart = true;
   g_Config.backend_info.bSupportsPaletteConversion = true;
@@ -123,33 +160,6 @@ void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
 
   // aamodes - 1 is to stay consistent with D3D (means no AA)
   g_Config.backend_info.AAModes = {1, 2, 4, 8};
-}
-
-bool VideoBackend::InitializeGLExtensions(GLContext* context)
-{
-  // Init extension support.
-  if (!GLExtensions::Init(context))
-  {
-    // OpenGL 2.0 is required for all shader based drawings. There is no way to get this by
-    // extensions
-    PanicAlertFmtT("GPU: OGL ERROR: Does your video card support OpenGL 2.0?");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (GLExtensions::Version() < 300)
-  {
-    // integer vertex attributes require a gl3 only function
-    PanicAlertFmtT("GPU: OGL ERROR: Need OpenGL version 3.\n"
-                   "GPU: Does your video card support OpenGL 3?");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool VideoBackend::FillBackendInfo()
-{
-  InitBackendInfo();
 
   // check for the max vertex attributes
   GLint numvertexattribs = 0;
@@ -172,6 +182,13 @@ bool VideoBackend::FillBackendInfo()
     return false;
   }
 
+  if (!PopulateConfig(context))
+  {
+    // Not all needed extensions are supported, so we have to stop here.
+    // Else some of the next calls might crash.
+    return false;
+  }
+
   // TODO: Move the remaining fields from the Renderer constructor here.
   return true;
 }
@@ -184,7 +201,7 @@ bool VideoBackend::Initialize(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
   if (!main_gl_context)
     return false;
 
-  if (!InitializeGLExtensions(main_gl_context.get()) || !FillBackendInfo())
+  if (!FillBackendInfo(main_gl_context.get()))
     return false;
 
   auto gfx = std::make_unique<OGLGfx>(std::move(main_gl_context), wsi.render_surface_scale);
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.cpp
index 0e4e99f59b..f8894a365b 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.cpp
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@
 
 namespace OGL
 {
-namespace
-{
-GLenum GetGLInternalFormatForTextureFormat(AbstractTextureFormat format, bool storage)
+GLenum OGLTexture::GetGLInternalFormatForTextureFormat(AbstractTextureFormat format, bool storage)
 {
   switch (format)
   {
@@ -55,6 +53,8 @@ GLenum GetGLInternalFormatForTextureFormat(AbstractTextureFormat format, bool st
   }
 }
 
+namespace
+{
 GLenum GetGLFormatForTextureFormat(AbstractTextureFormat format)
 {
   switch (format)
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.h
index ca08910eae..53d9d7f589 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/OGLTexture.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public:
   {
     return IsMultisampled() ? GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY : GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY;
   }
+  static GLenum GetGLInternalFormatForTextureFormat(AbstractTextureFormat format, bool storage);
   GLenum GetGLFormatForImageTexture() const;
 
 private:
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/VideoBackend.h
index 4be861954e..53f7f940d5 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/OGL/VideoBackend.h
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ public:
   std::string GetName() const override;
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override;
 
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   static constexpr const char* NAME = "OGL";
 
 private:
   bool InitializeGLExtensions(GLContext* context);
-  bool FillBackendInfo();
+  bool FillBackendInfo(GLContext* context);
 };
 }  // namespace OGL
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/SWmain.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/SWmain.cpp
index 8703ea4b4d..ccb040e8ad 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/SWmain.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/SWmain.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ std::optional<std::string> VideoSoftware::GetWarningMessage() const
                 "really want to enable software rendering? If unsure, select 'No'.");
 }
 
-void VideoSoftware::InitBackendInfo()
+void VideoSoftware::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   g_Config.backend_info.api_type = APIType::Nothing;
   g_Config.backend_info.MaxTextureSize = 16384;
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/VideoBackend.h
index 8c3cb081ef..35c3adb1a7 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Software/VideoBackend.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class VideoSoftware : public VideoBackendBase
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override;
   std::optional<std::string> GetWarningMessage() const override;
 
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   static constexpr const char* NAME = "Software Renderer";
 };
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKMain.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKMain.cpp
index 053b592c14..2eb9b34106 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKMain.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKMain.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 namespace Vulkan
 {
-void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo()
+void VideoBackend::InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   VulkanContext::PopulateBackendInfo(&g_Config);
 
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VideoBackend.h b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VideoBackend.h
index a16d149307..4e8c3a5471 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VideoBackend.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoBackends/Vulkan/VideoBackend.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public:
 
   std::string GetName() const override { return NAME; }
   std::string GetDisplayName() const override { return _trans("Vulkan"); }
-  void InitBackendInfo() override;
+  void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
   void PrepareWindow(WindowSystemInfo& wsi) override;
 
   static constexpr const char* NAME = "Vulkan";
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.cpp b/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.cpp
index 9d6ff70664..6e466c8557 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.cpp
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.cpp
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ void VideoBackendBase::ActivateBackend(const std::string& name)
   g_video_backend = iter->get();
 }
 
-void VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo()
+void VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   g_Config.Refresh();
   // Reset backend_info so if the backend forgets to initialize something it doesn't end up using
@@ -289,18 +289,18 @@ void VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfo()
   g_Config.backend_info = {};
   ActivateBackend(Config::Get(Config::MAIN_GFX_BACKEND));
   g_Config.backend_info.DisplayName = g_video_backend->GetDisplayName();
-  g_video_backend->InitBackendInfo();
+  g_video_backend->InitBackendInfo(wsi);
   // We validate the config after initializing the backend info, as system-specific settings
   // such as anti-aliasing, or the selected adapter may be invalid, and should be checked.
   g_Config.VerifyValidity();
 }
 
-void VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfoFromUI()
+void VideoBackendBase::PopulateBackendInfoFromUI(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi)
 {
   // If the core is running, the backend info will have been populated already.
   // If we did it here, the UI thread can race with the with the GPU thread.
   if (!Core::IsRunning())
-    PopulateBackendInfo();
+    PopulateBackendInfo(wsi);
 }
 
 void VideoBackendBase::DoState(PointerWrap& p)
diff --git a/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h b/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h
index 2ce235f8f8..f5222a1936 100644
--- a/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h
+++ b/Source/Core/VideoCommon/VideoBackendBase.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
 
   virtual std::string GetName() const = 0;
   virtual std::string GetDisplayName() const { return GetName(); }
-  virtual void InitBackendInfo() = 0;
+  virtual void InitBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi) = 0;
   virtual std::optional<std::string> GetWarningMessage() const { return {}; }
 
   // Prepares a native window for rendering. This is called on the main thread, or the
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ public:
   static void ActivateBackend(const std::string& name);
 
   // Fills the backend_info fields with the capabilities of the selected backend/device.
-  static void PopulateBackendInfo();
+  static void PopulateBackendInfo(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi);
   // Called by the UI thread when the graphics config is opened.
-  static void PopulateBackendInfoFromUI();
+  static void PopulateBackendInfoFromUI(const WindowSystemInfo& wsi);
 
   // Wrapper function which pushes the event to the GPU thread.
   void DoState(PointerWrap& p);