struct MMC5 : Chip {
  MMC5(Board& board) : Chip(board) {
    revision = Revision::MMC5;
  }

  auto main() -> void {
    //scanline() resets this; if no scanlines detected, enter video blanking period
    if(++cpu_cycle_counter >= 200) blank();  //113-114 normal; ~2500 across Vblank period

    cpu.irqLine(irq_enable && irq_pending);
    tick();
  }

  auto scanline(uint y) -> void {
  //used for testing only, to verify MMC5 scanline detection is accurate:
  //if(y != vcounter && y <= 240) print(y, " vs ", vcounter, "\n");
  }

  auto prg_access(bool write, uint addr, uint8 data = 0x00) -> uint8 {
    uint bank;

    if((addr & 0xe000) == 0x6000) {
      bank = (ram_select << 2) | ram_bank;
      addr &= 0x1fff;
    } else if(prg_mode == 0) {
      bank = prg_bank[3] & ~3;
      addr &= 0x7fff;
    } else if(prg_mode == 1) {
      if((addr & 0xc000) == 0x8000) bank = (prg_bank[1] & ~1);
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xc000) bank = (prg_bank[3] & ~1);
      addr &= 0x3fff;
    } else if(prg_mode == 2) {
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0x8000) bank = (prg_bank[1] & ~1) | 0;
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xa000) bank = (prg_bank[1] & ~1) | 1;
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xc000) bank = (prg_bank[2]);
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xe000) bank = (prg_bank[3]);
      addr &= 0x1fff;
    } else if(prg_mode == 3) {
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0x8000) bank = prg_bank[0];
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xa000) bank = prg_bank[1];
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xc000) bank = prg_bank[2];
      if((addr & 0xe000) == 0xe000) bank = prg_bank[3];
      addr &= 0x1fff;
    }

    bool rom = bank & 0x80;
    bank &= 0x7f;

    if(write == false) {
      if(rom) {
        return board.prgrom.read((bank << 13) | addr);
      } else {
        return board.prgram.read((bank << 13) | addr);
      }
    } else {
      if(rom) {
        board.prgrom.write((bank << 13) | addr, data);
      } else {
        if(prgram_write_protect[0] == 2 && prgram_write_protect[1] == 1) {
          board.prgram.write((bank << 13) | addr, data);
        }
      }
      return 0x00;
    }
  }

  auto prg_read(uint addr) -> uint8 {
    if((addr & 0xfc00) == 0x5c00) {
      if(exram_mode >= 2) return exram[addr & 0x03ff];
      return cpu.mdr();
    }

    if(addr >= 0x6000) {
      return prg_access(0, addr);
    }

    switch(addr) {
    case 0x5204: {
      uint8 result = (irq_pending << 7) | (in_frame << 6);
      irq_pending = false;
      return result;
    }
    case 0x5205: return (multiplier * multiplicand) >> 0;
    case 0x5206: return (multiplier * multiplicand) >> 8;
    }
  }

  auto prg_write(uint addr, uint8 data) -> void {
    if((addr & 0xfc00) == 0x5c00) {
      //writes 0x00 *during* Vblank (not during screen rendering ...)
      if(exram_mode == 0 || exram_mode == 1) exram[addr & 0x03ff] = in_frame ? data : (uint8)0x00;
      if(exram_mode == 2) exram[addr & 0x03ff] = data;
      return;
    }

    if(addr >= 0x6000) {
      prg_access(1, addr, data);
      return;
    }

    switch(addr) {
    case 0x2000:
      sprite_8x16 = data & 0x20;
      break;

    case 0x2001:
      //if BG+sprites are disabled; enter video blanking period
      if((data & 0x18) == 0) blank();
      break;

    case 0x5100: prg_mode = data & 3; break;
    case 0x5101: chr_mode = data & 3; break;

    case 0x5102: prgram_write_protect[0] = data & 3; break;
    case 0x5103: prgram_write_protect[1] = data & 3; break;

    case 0x5104:
      exram_mode = data & 3;
      break;

    case 0x5105:
      nametable_mode[0] = (data & 0x03) >> 0;
      nametable_mode[1] = (data & 0x0c) >> 2;
      nametable_mode[2] = (data & 0x30) >> 4;
      nametable_mode[3] = (data & 0xc0) >> 6;
      break;

    case 0x5106:
      fillmode_tile = data;
      break;

    case 0x5107:
      fillmode_color = data & 3;
      fillmode_color |= fillmode_color << 2;
      fillmode_color |= fillmode_color << 4;
      break;

    case 0x5113:
      ram_select = data & 0x04;
      ram_bank = data & 0x03;
      break;

    case 0x5114: prg_bank[0] = data; break;
    case 0x5115: prg_bank[1] = data; break;
    case 0x5116: prg_bank[2] = data; break;
    case 0x5117: prg_bank[3] = data | 0x80; break;

    case 0x5120: chr_sprite_bank[0] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5121: chr_sprite_bank[1] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5122: chr_sprite_bank[2] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5123: chr_sprite_bank[3] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5124: chr_sprite_bank[4] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5125: chr_sprite_bank[5] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5126: chr_sprite_bank[6] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;
    case 0x5127: chr_sprite_bank[7] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 0; break;

    case 0x5128: chr_bg_bank[0] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 1; break;
    case 0x5129: chr_bg_bank[1] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 1; break;
    case 0x512a: chr_bg_bank[2] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 1; break;
    case 0x512b: chr_bg_bank[3] = (chr_bank_hi << 8) | data; chr_active = 1; break;

    case 0x5130:
      chr_bank_hi = data & 3;
      break;

    case 0x5200:
      vs_enable = data & 0x80;
      vs_side = data & 0x40;
      vs_tile = data & 0x1f;
      break;

    case 0x5201:
      vs_scroll = data;
      break;

    case 0x5202:
      vs_bank = data;
      break;

    case 0x5203:
      irq_line = data;
      break;

    case 0x5204:
      irq_enable = data & 0x80;
      break;

    case 0x5205:
      multiplicand = data;
      break;

    case 0x5206:
      multiplier = data;
      break;
    }
  }

  auto chr_sprite_addr(uint addr) -> uint {
    if(chr_mode == 0) {
      auto bank = chr_sprite_bank[7];
      return (bank * 0x2000) + (addr & 0x1fff);
    }

    if(chr_mode == 1) {
      auto bank = chr_sprite_bank[(addr / 0x1000) * 4 + 3];
      return (bank * 0x1000) + (addr & 0x0fff);
    }

    if(chr_mode == 2) {
      auto bank = chr_sprite_bank[(addr / 0x0800) * 2 + 1];
      return (bank * 0x0800) + (addr & 0x07ff);
    }

    if(chr_mode == 3) {
      auto bank = chr_sprite_bank[(addr / 0x0400)];
      return (bank * 0x0400) + (addr & 0x03ff);
    }
  }

  auto chr_bg_addr(uint addr) -> uint {
    addr &= 0x0fff;

    if(chr_mode == 0) {
      auto bank = chr_bg_bank[3];
      return (bank * 0x2000) + (addr & 0x0fff);
    }

    if(chr_mode == 1) {
      auto bank = chr_bg_bank[3];
      return (bank * 0x1000) + (addr & 0x0fff);
    }

    if(chr_mode == 2) {
      auto bank = chr_bg_bank[(addr / 0x0800) * 2 + 1];
      return (bank * 0x0800) + (addr & 0x07ff);
    }

    if(chr_mode == 3) {
      auto bank = chr_bg_bank[(addr / 0x0400)];
      return (bank * 0x0400) + (addr & 0x03ff);
    }
  }

  auto chr_vs_addr(uint addr) -> uint {
    return (vs_bank * 0x1000) + (addr & 0x0ff8) + (vs_vpos & 7);
  }

  auto blank() -> void {
    in_frame = false;
  }

  auto scanline() -> void {
    hcounter = 0;

    if(in_frame == false) {
      in_frame = true;
      irq_pending = false;
      vcounter = 0;
    } else {
      if(vcounter == irq_line) irq_pending = true;
      vcounter++;
    }

    cpu_cycle_counter = 0;
  }

  auto ciram_read(uint addr) -> uint8 {
    if(vs_fetch && (hcounter & 2) == 0) return exram[vs_vpos / 8 * 32 + vs_hpos / 8];
    if(vs_fetch && (hcounter & 2) != 0) return exram[vs_vpos / 32 * 8 + vs_hpos / 32 + 0x03c0];

    switch(nametable_mode[(addr >> 10) & 3]) {
    case 0: return ppu.ciram_read(0x0000 | (addr & 0x03ff));
    case 1: return ppu.ciram_read(0x0400 | (addr & 0x03ff));
    case 2: return exram_mode < 2 ? exram[addr & 0x03ff] : (uint8)0x00;
    case 3: return (hcounter & 2) == 0 ? fillmode_tile : fillmode_color;
    }
  }

  auto chr_read(uint addr) -> uint8 {
    chr_access[0] = chr_access[1];
    chr_access[1] = chr_access[2];
    chr_access[2] = chr_access[3];
    chr_access[3] = addr;

    //detect two unused nametable fetches at end of each scanline
    if((chr_access[0] & 0x2000) == 0
    && (chr_access[1] & 0x2000)
    && (chr_access[2] & 0x2000)
    && (chr_access[3] & 0x2000)) scanline();

    if(in_frame == false) {
      vs_fetch = false;
      if(addr & 0x2000) return ciram_read(addr);
      return board.chrrom.read(chr_active ? chr_bg_addr(addr) : chr_sprite_addr(addr));
    }

    bool bg_fetch = (hcounter < 256 || hcounter >= 320);
    uint8 result = 0x00;

    if((hcounter & 7) == 0) {
      vs_hpos  = hcounter >= 320 ? hcounter - 320 : hcounter + 16;
      vs_vpos  = vcounter + vs_scroll;
      vs_fetch = vs_enable && bg_fetch && exram_mode < 2
      && (vs_side ? vs_hpos / 8 >= vs_tile : vs_hpos / 8 < vs_tile);
      if(vs_vpos >= 240) vs_vpos -= 240;

      result = ciram_read(addr);

      exbank = (chr_bank_hi << 6) | (exram[addr & 0x03ff] & 0x3f);
      exattr = exram[addr & 0x03ff] >> 6;
      exattr |= exattr << 2;
      exattr |= exattr << 4;
    } else if((hcounter & 7) == 2) {
      result = ciram_read(addr);
      if(bg_fetch && exram_mode == 1) result = exattr;
    } else {
      if(vs_fetch) result = board.chrrom.read(chr_vs_addr(addr));
      else if(sprite_8x16 ? bg_fetch : chr_active) result = board.chrrom.read(chr_bg_addr(addr));
      else result = board.chrrom.read(chr_sprite_addr(addr));
      if(bg_fetch && exram_mode == 1) result = board.chrrom.read(exbank * 0x1000 + (addr & 0x0fff));
    }

    hcounter += 2;
    return result;
  }

  auto chr_write(uint addr, uint8 data) -> void {
    if(addr & 0x2000) {
      switch(nametable_mode[(addr >> 10) & 3]) {
      case 0: return ppu.ciram_write(0x0000 | (addr & 0x03ff), data);
      case 1: return ppu.ciram_write(0x0400 | (addr & 0x03ff), data);
      case 2: exram[addr & 0x03ff] = data; break;
      }
    }
  }

  auto power() -> void {
  }

  auto reset() -> void {
    for(auto& n : exram) n = 0xff;

    prg_mode = 3;
    chr_mode = 0;
    for(auto& n : prgram_write_protect) n = 0;
    exram_mode = 0;
    for(auto& n : nametable_mode) n = 0;
    fillmode_tile = 0;
    fillmode_color = 0;
    ram_select = 0;
    ram_bank = 0;
    prg_bank[0] = 0x00;
    prg_bank[1] = 0x00;
    prg_bank[2] = 0x00;
    prg_bank[3] = 0xff;
    for(auto& n : chr_sprite_bank) n = 0;
    for(auto& n : chr_bg_bank) n = 0;
    chr_bank_hi = 0;
    vs_enable = 0;
    vs_side = 0;
    vs_tile = 0;
    vs_scroll = 0;
    vs_bank = 0;
    irq_line = 0;
    irq_enable = 0;
    multiplicand = 0;
    multiplier = 0;

    cpu_cycle_counter = 0;
    irq_counter = 0;
    irq_pending = 0;
    in_frame = 0;
    vcounter = 0;
    hcounter = 0;
    for(auto& n : chr_access) n = 0;
    chr_active = 0;
    sprite_8x16 = 0;

    exbank = 0;
    exattr = 0;

    vs_fetch = 0;
    vs_vpos = 0;
    vs_hpos = 0;
  }

  auto serialize(serializer& s) -> void {
    s.array(exram);

    s.integer(prg_mode);
    s.integer(chr_mode);
    for(auto& n : prgram_write_protect) s.integer(n);
    s.integer(exram_mode);
    for(auto& n : nametable_mode) s.integer(n);
    s.integer(fillmode_tile);
    s.integer(fillmode_color);
    s.integer(ram_select);
    s.integer(ram_bank);
    for(auto& n : prg_bank) s.integer(n);
    for(auto& n : chr_sprite_bank) s.integer(n);
    for(auto& n : chr_bg_bank) s.integer(n);
    s.integer(chr_bank_hi);
    s.integer(vs_enable);
    s.integer(vs_side);
    s.integer(vs_tile);
    s.integer(vs_scroll);
    s.integer(vs_bank);
    s.integer(irq_line);
    s.integer(irq_enable);
    s.integer(multiplicand);
    s.integer(multiplier);

    s.integer(cpu_cycle_counter);
    s.integer(irq_counter);
    s.integer(irq_pending);
    s.integer(in_frame);

    s.integer(vcounter);
    s.integer(hcounter);
    for(auto& n : chr_access) s.integer(n);
    s.integer(chr_active);
    s.integer(sprite_8x16);

    s.integer(exbank);
    s.integer(exattr);

    s.integer(vs_fetch);
    s.integer(vs_vpos);
    s.integer(vs_hpos);
  }

  enum class Revision : uint {
    MMC5,
    MMC5B,
  } revision;

  uint8 exram[1024];

  //programmable registers

  uint2 prg_mode;  //$5100
  uint2 chr_mode;  //$5101

  uint2 prgram_write_protect[2];  //$5102,$5103

  uint2 exram_mode;         //$5104
  uint2 nametable_mode[4];  //$5105
  uint8 fillmode_tile;      //$5106
  uint8 fillmode_color;     //$5107

  bool ram_select;            //$5113
  uint2 ram_bank;             //$5113
  uint8 prg_bank[4];          //$5114-5117
  uint10 chr_sprite_bank[8];  //$5120-5127
  uint10 chr_bg_bank[4];      //$5128-512b
  uint2 chr_bank_hi;          //$5130

  bool vs_enable;      //$5200
  bool vs_side;        //$5200
  uint5 vs_tile;       //$5200
  uint8 vs_scroll;     //$5201
  uint8 vs_bank;       //$5202

  uint8 irq_line;      //$5203
  bool irq_enable;     //$5204

  uint8 multiplicand;  //$5205
  uint8 multiplier;    //$5206

  //status registers

  uint cpu_cycle_counter;
  uint irq_counter;
  bool irq_pending;
  bool in_frame;

  uint vcounter;
  uint hcounter;
  uint16 chr_access[4];
  bool chr_active;
  bool sprite_8x16;

  uint8 exbank;
  uint8 exattr;

  bool vs_fetch;
  uint8 vs_vpos;
  uint8 vs_hpos;
};