diff --git a/higan/GNUmakefile b/higan/GNUmakefile
index b0ad6d29..5eac8241 100644
--- a/higan/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/GNUmakefile
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ objects := libco emulator audio video resource
 flags += -I. -I..
 
 ifeq ($(platform),windows)
-  link += -mwindows
+  link += $(if $(call streq,$(console),true),-mconsole,-mwindows)
   ifeq ($(binary),application)
     link += -mthreads -lpthread -luuid -lkernel32 -luser32 -lgdi32 -lcomctl32 -lcomdlg32 -lshell32
     link += -Wl,-enable-auto-import
diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 9d1d4833..4ff509f4 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name    = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "104.17";
+  static const string Version = "105";
   static const string Author  = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "https://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/input/hotkeys.cpp b/higan/target-tomoko/input/hotkeys.cpp
index d33fe898..76304fc9 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/input/hotkeys.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/input/hotkeys.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ auto InputManager::appendHotkeys() -> void {
 }
 
 auto InputManager::pollHotkeys() -> void {
-  if(!program->focused()) return;
+  if(!program->focused() && !settings["Input/FocusLoss/AllowInput"].boolean()) return;
 
   for(auto& hotkey : hotkeys) {
     int16 state = hotkey->poll();
diff --git a/hiro/cocoa/application.cpp b/hiro/cocoa/application.cpp
index 7cc054fd..1155fd22 100644
--- a/hiro/cocoa/application.cpp
+++ b/hiro/cocoa/application.cpp
@@ -33,17 +33,18 @@
 @end
 
 CocoaDelegate* cocoaDelegate = nullptr;
+NSTimer* applicationTimer = nullptr;
 
 namespace hiro {
 
 auto pApplication::run() -> void {
-//NSTimer* timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.1667 target:cocoaDelegate selector:@selector(updateInDock:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
+//applicationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.1667 target:cocoaDelegate selector:@selector(updateInDock:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
 
   if(Application::state.onMain) {
-    NSTimer* timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.0 target:cocoaDelegate selector:@selector(run:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
+    applicationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.0 target:cocoaDelegate selector:@selector(run:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
 
     //below line is needed to run application during window resize; however it has a large performance penalty on the resize smoothness
-    //[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:timer forMode:NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode];
+    //[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:applicationTimer forMode:NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode];
   }
 
   @autoreleasepool {
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ auto pApplication::processEvents() -> void {
 
 auto pApplication::quit() -> void {
   @autoreleasepool {
+    [applicationTimer invalidate];
     [NSApp stop:nil];
     NSEvent* event = [NSEvent otherEventWithType:NSApplicationDefined location:NSMakePoint(0, 0) modifierFlags:0 timestamp:0.0 windowNumber:0 context:nil subtype:0 data1:0 data2:0];
     [NSApp postEvent:event atStart:true];
diff --git a/ruby/audio/alsa.cpp b/ruby/audio/alsa.cpp
index d8abf843..72e1a44d 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/alsa.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/alsa.cpp
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ struct AudioALSA : Audio {
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
     if(!ready()) return;
 
-    _buffer[_offset++] = uint16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) << 0 | uint16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
-    if(_offset < _periodSize) return;
+    _buffer[_offset]  = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    _buffer[_offset] |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
+    if(++_offset < _periodSize) return;
 
     snd_pcm_sframes_t available;
     do {
diff --git a/ruby/audio/ao.cpp b/ruby/audio/ao.cpp
index a2f8e37f..839fa4b3 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/ao.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/ao.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ struct AudioAO : Audio {
   }
 
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
-    uint32_t sample = uint16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) << 0 | uint16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
+    uint32_t sample = 0;
+    sample |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    sample |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
     ao_play(_interface, (char*)&sample, 4);
   }
 
diff --git a/ruby/audio/asio.cpp b/ruby/audio/asio.cpp
index 02bc013e..8fc822e2 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/asio.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/asio.cpp
@@ -208,30 +208,30 @@ private:
 
         switch(_sampleFormat) {
         case ASIOSTInt16LSB: {
-          *(int16_t*)buffer = samples[n] * double(1 << 15);
+          *(uint16_t*)buffer = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[n] * (32768.0 - 1.0));
           break;
         }
 
         case ASIOSTInt24LSB: {
-          int value = samples[n] * double(1 << 23);
-          buffer[0] = value >> 0;
-          buffer[1] = value >> 8;
+          auto value = (uint32_t)sclamp<24>(samples[n] * (256.0 * 32768.0 - 1.0));
+          buffer[0] = value >>  0;
+          buffer[1] = value >>  8;
           buffer[2] = value >> 16;
           break;
         }
 
         case ASIOSTInt32LSB: {
-          *(int32_t*)buffer = samples[n] * double(1 << 31);
+          *(uint32_t*)buffer = (uint32_t)sclamp<32>(samples[n] * (65536.0 * 32768.0 - 1.0));
           break;
         }
 
         case ASIOSTFloat32LSB: {
-          *(float*)buffer = samples[n];
+          *(float*)buffer = max(-1.0, min(+1.0, samples[n]));
           break;
         }
 
         case ASIOSTFloat64LSB: {
-          *(double*)buffer = samples[n];
+          *(double*)buffer = max(-1.0, min(+1.0, samples[n]));
           break;
         }
         }
diff --git a/ruby/audio/directsound.cpp b/ruby/audio/directsound.cpp
index af760e5e..5a678927 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/directsound.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/directsound.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ struct AudioDirectSound : Audio {
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
     if(!ready()) return;
 
-    _buffer[_offset++] = uint16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) << 0 | uint16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
-    if(_offset < _period) return;
+    _buffer[_offset]  = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    _buffer[_offset] |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
+    if(++_offset < _period) return;
     _offset = 0;
 
     if(_blocking) {
diff --git a/ruby/audio/openal.cpp b/ruby/audio/openal.cpp
index 75dd9578..c606eaba 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/openal.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/openal.cpp
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ struct AudioOpenAL : Audio {
   }
 
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
-    _buffer[_bufferLength]  = int16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) <<  0;
-    _buffer[_bufferLength] |= int16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
+    _buffer[_bufferLength]  = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    _buffer[_bufferLength] |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
     if(++_bufferLength < _bufferSize) return;
 
     ALuint alBuffer = 0;
diff --git a/ruby/audio/oss.cpp b/ruby/audio/oss.cpp
index 705c7a48..4527123f 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/oss.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/oss.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ struct AudioOSS : Audio {
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
     if(!ready()) return;
     for(auto n : range(_channels)) {
-      int16_t sample = samples[n] * 32768.0;
+      auto sample = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[n] * 32767.0);
       auto unused = write(_fd, &sample, 2);
     }
   }
diff --git a/ruby/audio/pulseaudio.cpp b/ruby/audio/pulseaudio.cpp
index 1e41e591..1f7866e3 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/pulseaudio.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/pulseaudio.cpp
@@ -46,8 +46,9 @@ struct AudioPulseAudio : Audio {
 
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
     pa_stream_begin_write(_stream, (void**)&_buffer, &_period);
-    _buffer[_offset++] = uint16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) << 0 | uint16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
-    if((_offset + 1) * pa_frame_size(&_specification) <= _period) return;
+    _buffer[_offset]  = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    _buffer[_offset] |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
+    if((++_offset + 1) * pa_frame_size(&_specification) <= _period) return;
 
     while(true) {
       if(_first) {
diff --git a/ruby/audio/pulseaudiosimple.cpp b/ruby/audio/pulseaudiosimple.cpp
index 275b1cd8..b0f0a498 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/pulseaudiosimple.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/pulseaudiosimple.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ struct AudioPulseAudioSimple : Audio {
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
     if(!ready()) return;
 
-    _buffer[_offset++] = uint16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) << 0 | uint16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
-    if(_offset >= 64) {
+    _buffer[_offset]  = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    _buffer[_offset] |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
+    if(++_offset >= 64) {
       int error;
       pa_simple_write(_interface, (const void*)_buffer, _offset * sizeof(uint32_t), &error);
       _offset = 0;
diff --git a/ruby/audio/wasapi.cpp b/ruby/audio/wasapi.cpp
index feb0f781..d62b58f5 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/wasapi.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/wasapi.cpp
@@ -205,16 +205,16 @@ private:
         }
 
         if(_mode == 1 && _precision == 16) {
-          auto output = (int16_t*)buffer;
-          for(uint n : range(_channels)) *output++ = int16_t(samples[n] * 32768.0);
+          auto output = (uint16_t*)buffer;
+          for(uint n : range(_channels)) *output++ = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[n] * (32768.0 - 1.0));
           buffer = (uint8_t*)output;
         } else if(_mode == 1 && _precision == 32) {
-          auto output = (int32_t*)buffer;
-          for(uint n : range(_channels)) *output++ = int32_t(samples[n] * 65536.0 * 32768.0);
+          auto output = (uint32_t*)buffer;
+          for(uint n : range(_channels)) *output++ = (uint32_t)sclamp<32>(samples[n] * (65536.0 * 32768.0 - 1.0));
           buffer = (uint8_t*)output;
         } else if(_mode == 3 && _precision == 32) {
           auto output = (float*)buffer;
-          for(uint n : range(_channels)) *output++ = float(samples[n]);
+          for(uint n : range(_channels)) *output++ = float(max(-1.0, min(+1.0, samples[n])));
           buffer = (uint8_t*)output;
         } else {
           //output silence for unsupported sample formats
diff --git a/ruby/audio/xaudio2.cpp b/ruby/audio/xaudio2.cpp
index 7cf36bd6..c0ac6ac2 100644
--- a/ruby/audio/xaudio2.cpp
+++ b/ruby/audio/xaudio2.cpp
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@ struct AudioXAudio2 : Audio, public IXAudio2VoiceCallback {
   }
 
   auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {
-    _buffer[_bufferIndex * _period + _bufferOffset++] = uint16_t(samples[0] * 32768.0) << 0 | uint16_t(samples[1] * 32768.0) << 16;
-    if(_bufferOffset < _period) return;
+    _buffer[_bufferIndex * _period + _bufferOffset]  = (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[0] * 32767.0) <<  0;
+    _buffer[_bufferIndex * _period + _bufferOffset] |= (uint16_t)sclamp<16>(samples[1] * 32767.0) << 16;
+    if(++_bufferOffset < _period) return;
     _bufferOffset = 0;
 
     if(_bufferQueue == _bufferCount - 1) {
diff --git a/ruby/input/joypad/directinput.cpp b/ruby/input/joypad/directinput.cpp
index 375b1dd4..c5d72007 100644
--- a/ruby/input/joypad/directinput.cpp
+++ b/ruby/input/joypad/directinput.cpp
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ struct InputJoypadDirectInput {
         int16_t yaxis = 0;
 
         if(pov < 36000) {
-          if(pov >= 31500 || pov <=  4500) yaxis = -32768;
+          if(pov >= 31500 || pov <=  4500) yaxis = -32767;
           if(pov >=  4500 && pov <= 13500) xaxis = +32767;
           if(pov >= 13500 && pov <= 22500) yaxis = +32767;
-          if(pov >= 22500 && pov <= 31500) xaxis = -32768;
+          if(pov >= 22500 && pov <= 31500) xaxis = -32767;
         }
 
         assign(jp.hid, HID::Joypad::GroupID::Hat, n * 2 + 0, xaxis);
diff --git a/ruby/input/joypad/sdl.cpp b/ruby/input/joypad/sdl.cpp
index ed018344..a9c38848 100644
--- a/ruby/input/joypad/sdl.cpp
+++ b/ruby/input/joypad/sdl.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ struct InputJoypadSDL {
 
       for(signed n = 0; n < (signed)jp.hid->hats().size() - 1; n += 2) {
         uint8_t state = SDL_JoystickGetHat(jp.handle, n >> 1);
-        assign(jp.hid, HID::Joypad::GroupID::Hat, n + 0, state & SDL_HAT_LEFT ? -32768 : state & SDL_HAT_RIGHT ? +32767 : 0);
-        assign(jp.hid, HID::Joypad::GroupID::Hat, n + 1, state & SDL_HAT_UP ? -32768 : state & SDL_HAT_DOWN ? +32767 : 0);
+        assign(jp.hid, HID::Joypad::GroupID::Hat, n + 0, state & SDL_HAT_LEFT ? -32767 : state & SDL_HAT_RIGHT ? +32767 : 0);
+        assign(jp.hid, HID::Joypad::GroupID::Hat, n + 1, state & SDL_HAT_UP ? -32767 : state & SDL_HAT_DOWN ? +32767 : 0);
       }
 
       for(auto n : range(jp.hid->buttons())) {