diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index b1abcdc9..5fb50a6e 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <nall/nall.hpp>
+#include <nall/vfs.hpp>
 using namespace nall;
 
 #include <audio/audio.hpp>
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "099.04";
+  static const string Version = "099.05";
   static const string Author = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "http://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/emulator/interface.hpp b/higan/emulator/interface.hpp
index a3c9faac..e6d94db1 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/interface.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/interface.hpp
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ struct Interface {
   vector<Port> ports;
 
   struct Bind {
+    virtual auto path(uint) -> string { return ""; }
+    virtual auto open(uint, string, vfs::file::mode, bool) -> vfs::shared::file { return {}; }
     virtual auto loadRequest(uint, string, string, bool) -> void {}
     virtual auto loadRequest(uint, string, bool) -> void {}
     virtual auto saveRequest(uint, string) -> void {}
@@ -54,12 +56,13 @@ struct Interface {
     virtual auto inputPoll(uint, uint, uint) -> int16 { return 0; }
     virtual auto inputRumble(uint, uint, uint, bool) -> void {}
     virtual auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node&) -> uint { return 0; }
-    virtual auto path(uint) -> string { return ""; }
     virtual auto notify(string text) -> void { print(text, "\n"); }
   };
   Bind* bind = nullptr;
 
   //callback bindings (provided by user interface)
+  auto path(uint id) -> string { return bind->path(id); }
+  auto open(uint id, string name, vfs::file::mode mode, bool required = false) -> vfs::shared::file { return bind->open(id, name, mode, required); }
   auto loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> void { return bind->loadRequest(id, name, type, required); }
   auto loadRequest(uint id, string path, bool required) -> void { return bind->loadRequest(id, path, required); }
   auto saveRequest(uint id, string path) -> void { return bind->saveRequest(id, path); }
@@ -68,7 +71,6 @@ struct Interface {
   auto inputPoll(uint port, uint device, uint input) -> int16 { return bind->inputPoll(port, device, input); }
   auto inputRumble(uint port, uint device, uint input, bool enable) -> void { return bind->inputRumble(port, device, input, enable); }
   auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint { return bind->dipSettings(node); }
-  auto path(uint group) -> string { return bind->path(group); }
   template<typename... P> auto notify(P&&... p) -> void { return bind->notify({forward<P>(p)...}); }
 
   //information
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ struct Interface {
   //media interface
   virtual auto loaded() -> bool { return false; }
   virtual auto sha256() -> string { return ""; }
-  virtual auto group(uint id) -> uint = 0;
+  virtual auto group(uint id) -> uint { return 0; }
   virtual auto load(uint id) -> void {}
   virtual auto save() -> void {}
   virtual auto load(uint id, const stream& memory) -> void {}
diff --git a/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.cpp b/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.cpp
index 445c2a1c..bf6f8ea8 100644
--- a/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.cpp
+++ b/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.cpp
@@ -41,18 +41,45 @@ Board::Board(Markup::Node& document) {
   if(chrrom.size) chrrom.data = new uint8_t[chrrom.size]();
   if(chrram.size) chrram.data = new uint8_t[chrram.size]();
 
-  if(auto name = prom["name"].text()) interface->loadRequest(ID::ProgramROM, name, true);
-  if(auto name = pram["name"].text()) interface->loadRequest(ID::ProgramRAM, name, false);
-  if(auto name = crom["name"].text()) interface->loadRequest(ID::CharacterROM, name, true);
-  if(auto name = cram["name"].text()) interface->loadRequest(ID::CharacterRAM, name, false);
-
-  if(auto name = pram["name"].text()) Famicom::cartridge.memory.append({ID::ProgramRAM, name});
-  if(auto name = cram["name"].text()) Famicom::cartridge.memory.append({ID::CharacterRAM, name});
+  if(prgrom.name = prom["name"].text()) {
+    if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, prgrom.name, vfs::file::mode::read, true)) {
+      fp->read(prgrom.data, min(prgrom.size, fp->size()));
+    }
+  }
+  if(prgram.name = pram["name"].text()) {
+    if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, prgram.name, vfs::file::mode::read)) {
+      fp->read(prgram.data, min(prgram.size, fp->size()));
+    }
+  }
+  if(chrrom.name = crom["name"].text()) {
+    if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, chrrom.name, vfs::file::mode::read, true)) {
+      fp->read(chrrom.data, min(chrrom.size, fp->size()));
+    }
+  }
+  if(chrram.name = cram["name"].text()) {
+    if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, chrram.name, vfs::file::mode::read)) {
+      fp->read(chrram.data, min(chrram.size, fp->size()));
+    }
+  }
 
   prgram.writable = true;
   chrram.writable = true;
 }
 
+auto Board::save() -> void {
+  if(auto name = prgram.name) {
+    if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, name, vfs::file::mode::write)) {
+      fp->write(prgram.data, prgram.size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(auto name = chrram.name) {
+    if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, name, vfs::file::mode::write)) {
+      fp->write(chrram.data, chrram.size);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 auto Board::Memory::read(uint addr) const -> uint8 {
   return data[mirror(addr, size)];
 }
diff --git a/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.hpp b/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.hpp
index be6e2f0b..01753d64 100644
--- a/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.hpp
+++ b/higan/fc/cartridge/board/board.hpp
@@ -7,16 +7,19 @@ struct Board {
     inline auto read(uint addr) const -> uint8;
     inline auto write(uint addr, uint8 data) -> void;
 
-    uint8_t* data;
-    uint size;
-    bool writable;
+    string name;
+    uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+    uint size = 0;
+    bool writable = false;
   };
 
-  Board(Markup::Node& document);
   virtual ~Board() = default;
 
   static auto mirror(uint addr, uint size) -> uint;
 
+  Board(Markup::Node& document);
+  auto save() -> void;
+
   virtual auto main() -> void;
   virtual auto tick() -> void;
 
diff --git a/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.cpp b/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
index c80d989d..660e8522 100644
--- a/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
+++ b/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
@@ -26,20 +26,30 @@ auto Cartridge::main() -> void {
   board->main();
 }
 
-auto Cartridge::load() -> void {
-  interface->loadRequest(ID::Manifest, "manifest.bml", true);
+auto Cartridge::load() -> bool {
+  if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::Famicom, "manifest.bml", vfs::file::mode::read, true)) {
+    fp->reads(information.markup);
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
 
   Board::load(information.markup);  //this call will set Cartridge::board if successful
-  if(!board) return;
+  if(!board) return false;
 
   Hash::SHA256 sha;
   sha.data(board->prgrom.data, board->prgrom.size);
   sha.data(board->chrrom.data, board->chrrom.size);
   _sha256 = sha.digest();
+  return true;
+}
+
+auto Cartridge::save() -> void {
+  board->save();
 }
 
 auto Cartridge::unload() -> void {
-  memory.reset();
+  delete board;
+  board = nullptr;
 }
 
 auto Cartridge::power() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.hpp b/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.hpp
index b144d85a..022d986e 100644
--- a/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.hpp
+++ b/higan/fc/cartridge/cartridge.hpp
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ struct Cartridge : Thread {
   auto manifest() const -> string;
   auto title() const -> string;
 
-  auto load() -> void;
+  auto load() -> bool;
+  auto save() -> void;
   auto unload() -> void;
 
   auto power() -> void;
@@ -22,12 +23,6 @@ struct Cartridge : Thread {
     string title;
   } information;
 
-  struct Memory {
-    unsigned id;
-    string name;
-  };
-  vector<Memory> memory;
-
 //privileged:
   Board* board = nullptr;
   string _sha256;
diff --git a/higan/fc/interface/interface.cpp b/higan/fc/interface/interface.cpp
index 68f4865c..ad3a4f45 100644
--- a/higan/fc/interface/interface.cpp
+++ b/higan/fc/interface/interface.cpp
@@ -128,65 +128,12 @@ auto Interface::sha256() -> string {
   return cartridge.sha256();
 }
 
-auto Interface::group(uint id) -> uint {
-  switch(id) {
-  case ID::SystemManifest:
-    return 0;
-  case ID::Manifest:
-  case ID::ProgramROM:
-  case ID::ProgramRAM:
-  case ID::CharacterROM:
-  case ID::CharacterRAM:
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  throw;
-}
-
 auto Interface::load(uint id) -> void {
   system.load();
 }
 
 auto Interface::save() -> void {
-  for(auto& memory : cartridge.memory) {
-    saveRequest(memory.id, memory.name);
-  }
-}
-
-auto Interface::load(uint id, const stream& stream) -> void {
-  if(id == ID::SystemManifest) {
-    system.information.manifest = stream.text();
-  }
-
-  if(id == ID::Manifest) {
-    cartridge.information.markup = stream.text();
-  }
-
-  if(id == ID::ProgramROM) {
-    stream.read(cartridge.board->prgrom.data, min(cartridge.board->prgrom.size, stream.size()));
-  }
-
-  if(id == ID::ProgramRAM) {
-    stream.read(cartridge.board->prgram.data, min(cartridge.board->prgram.size, stream.size()));
-  }
-
-  if(id == ID::CharacterROM) {
-    stream.read(cartridge.board->chrrom.data, min(cartridge.board->chrrom.size, stream.size()));
-  }
-
-  if(id == ID::CharacterRAM) {
-    stream.read(cartridge.board->chrram.data, min(cartridge.board->chrram.size, stream.size()));
-  }
-}
-
-auto Interface::save(uint id, const stream& stream) -> void {
-  if(id == ID::ProgramRAM) {
-    stream.write(cartridge.board->prgram.data, cartridge.board->prgram.size);
-  }
-
-  if(id == ID::CharacterRAM) {
-    stream.write(cartridge.board->chrram.data, cartridge.board->chrram.size);
-  }
+  system.save();
 }
 
 auto Interface::unload() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/fc/interface/interface.hpp b/higan/fc/interface/interface.hpp
index f5921e89..21b4aedf 100644
--- a/higan/fc/interface/interface.hpp
+++ b/higan/fc/interface/interface.hpp
@@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
 namespace Famicom {
 
 struct ID {
-  enum : uint {
+  enum : uint {  //paths
     System,
     Famicom,
   };
 
-  enum : uint {
-    SystemManifest,
-
-    Manifest,
-    ProgramROM,
-    ProgramRAM,
-    CharacterROM,
-    CharacterRAM,
-  };
-
   enum : uint {  //bitmasks
     ControllerPort1 = 1,
     ControllerPort2 = 2,
@@ -35,11 +25,8 @@ struct Interface : Emulator::Interface {
 
   auto loaded() -> bool;
   auto sha256() -> string;
-  auto group(uint id) -> uint;
   auto load(uint id) -> void;
   auto save() -> void;
-  auto load(uint id, const stream& stream) -> void;
-  auto save(uint id, const stream& stream) -> void;
   auto unload() -> void;
 
   auto connect(uint port, uint device) -> void;
diff --git a/higan/fc/system/system.cpp b/higan/fc/system/system.cpp
index 150966d0..5d08d836 100644
--- a/higan/fc/system/system.cpp
+++ b/higan/fc/system/system.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,20 @@ auto System::runToSave() -> void {
   }
 }
 
-auto System::load() -> void {
-  interface->loadRequest(ID::SystemManifest, "manifest.bml", true);
+auto System::load() -> bool {
+  if(auto fp = interface->open(ID::System, "manifest.bml", vfs::file::mode::read, true)) {
+    fp->reads(information.manifest);
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
   auto document = BML::unserialize(information.manifest);
   cartridge.load();
   serializeInit();
-  _loaded = true;
+  return _loaded = true;
+}
+
+auto System::save() -> void {
+  cartridge.save();
 }
 
 auto System::unload() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/fc/system/system.hpp b/higan/fc/system/system.hpp
index 3902c8c3..e14b51f3 100644
--- a/higan/fc/system/system.hpp
+++ b/higan/fc/system/system.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ struct System {
   auto run() -> void;
   auto runToSave() -> void;
 
-  auto load() -> void;
+  auto load() -> bool;
+  auto save() -> void;
   auto unload() -> void;
   auto power() -> void;
   auto reset() -> void;
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp b/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp
index ae26f7f6..07784fbb 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+auto Program::path(uint id) -> string {
+  return mediumPaths(id);
+}
+
+auto Program::open(uint id, string name, vfs::file::mode mode, bool required) -> vfs::shared::file {
+  if(auto result = vfs::fs::file::open({path(id), name}, mode)) return result;
+  if(name == "manifest.bml") {
+    if(auto manifest = execute("icarus", "--manifest", path(id))) {
+      return vfs::memory::file::open(manifest.output.data<uint8_t>(), manifest.output.size());
+    }
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
 //request from emulation core to load non-volatile media folder
 auto Program::loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> void {
   string location = BrowserDialog()
@@ -116,9 +130,5 @@ auto Program::dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint {
   return 0;
 }
 
-auto Program::path(uint group) -> string {
-  return mediumPaths(group);
-}
-
 auto Program::notify(string text) -> void {
 }
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp b/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp
index 2c80d1da..c481d0c7 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ struct Program : Emulator::Interface::Bind {
   auto quit() -> void;
 
   //interface.cpp
+  auto path(uint id) -> string override;
+  auto open(uint id, string name, vfs::file::mode mode, bool required) -> vfs::shared::file override;
   auto loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> void override;
   auto loadRequest(uint id, string path, bool required) -> void override;
   auto saveRequest(uint id, string path) -> void override;
@@ -14,7 +16,6 @@ struct Program : Emulator::Interface::Bind {
   auto inputPoll(uint port, uint device, uint input) -> int16 override;
   auto inputRumble(uint port, uint device, uint input, bool enable) -> void override;
   auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint override;
-  auto path(uint group) -> string override;
   auto notify(string text) -> void override;
 
   //medium.cpp
diff --git a/nall/file.hpp b/nall/file.hpp
index b4495aca..dd1e8e14 100644
--- a/nall/file.hpp
+++ b/nall/file.hpp
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ struct file : inode, varint {
     #endif
   }
 
-  auto end() -> bool {
+  auto end() const -> bool {
     if(!fp) return true;  //file not open
     return file_offset >= file_size;
   }
diff --git a/nall/vfs.hpp b/nall/vfs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80396785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/vfs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nall/vfs/vfs.hpp>
diff --git a/nall/vfs/fs/file.hpp b/nall/vfs/fs/file.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d899a434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/vfs/fs/file.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+
+namespace nall { namespace vfs { namespace fs {
+
+struct file : vfs::file {
+  static auto open(string location_, mode mode_) -> vfs::shared::file {
+    auto instance = shared_pointer<file>{new file};
+    if(!instance->_open(location_, mode_)) return {};
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  auto size() const -> uintmax override {
+    return _fp.size();
+  }
+
+  auto offset() const -> uintmax override {
+    return _fp.offset();
+  }
+
+  auto seek(intmax offset_, index index_) -> void override {
+    _fp.seek(offset_, (nall::file::index)index_);
+  }
+
+  auto read() -> uint8_t override {
+    return _fp.read();
+  }
+
+  auto write(uint8_t data_) -> void override {
+    _fp.write(data_);
+  }
+
+  auto flush() -> void override {
+    _fp.flush();
+  }
+
+private:
+  file() = default;
+  file(const file&) = delete;
+  auto operator=(const file&) -> file& = delete;
+
+  auto _open(string location_, mode mode_) -> bool {
+    if(!_fp.open(location_, (nall::file::mode)mode_)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  nall::file _fp;
+};
+
+}}}
diff --git a/nall/vfs/memory/file.hpp b/nall/vfs/memory/file.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f9afa27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/vfs/memory/file.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nall { namespace vfs { namespace memory {
+
+struct file : vfs::file {
+  ~file() { delete[] _data; }
+
+  static auto open(const uint8_t* data, uintmax size) -> vfs::shared::file {
+    auto instance = shared_pointer<file>{new file};
+    instance->_open(data, size);
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  auto size() const -> uintmax override { return _size; }
+  auto offset() const -> uintmax override { return _offset; }
+
+  auto seek(intmax offset, index mode) -> void override {
+    if(mode == index::absolute) _offset = (uintmax)offset;
+    if(mode == index::relative) _offset += (intmax)offset;
+  }
+
+  auto read() -> uint8_t override {
+    if(_offset >= _size) return 0x00;
+    return _data[_offset++];
+  }
+
+  auto write(uint8_t data) -> void override {
+    if(_offset >= _size) return;
+    _data[_offset++] = data;
+  }
+
+private:
+  file() = default;
+  file(const file&) = delete;
+  auto operator=(const file&) -> file& = delete;
+
+  auto _open(const uint8_t* data, uintmax size) -> void {
+    _size = size;
+    _data = new uint8_t[size];
+    nall::memory::copy(_data, data, size);
+  }
+
+  uint8_t* _data = nullptr;
+  uintmax _size = 0;
+  uintmax _offset = 0;
+};
+
+}}}
diff --git a/nall/vfs/vfs.hpp b/nall/vfs/vfs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41208806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/vfs/vfs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nall/range.hpp>
+#include <nall/shared-pointer.hpp>
+
+namespace nall { namespace vfs {
+
+struct file {
+  enum class mode : uint { read, write, modify, create };
+  enum class index : uint { absolute, relative };
+
+  virtual ~file() = default;
+
+  virtual auto size() const -> uintmax = 0;
+  virtual auto offset() const -> uintmax = 0;
+
+  virtual auto seek(intmax offset, index = index::absolute) -> void = 0;
+  virtual auto read() -> uint8_t = 0;
+  virtual auto write(uint8_t data) -> void = 0;
+  virtual auto flush() -> void {}
+
+  auto end() const -> bool {
+    return offset() >= size();
+  }
+
+  auto read(uint8_t* data, uintmax bytes) -> void {
+    while(bytes--) *data++ = read();
+  }
+
+  auto readl(uint bytes) -> uintmax {
+    uintmax data = 0;
+    for(auto n : range(bytes)) data |= (uintmax)read() << n * 8;
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  auto readm(uint bytes) -> uintmax {
+    uintmax data = 0;
+    for(auto n : range(bytes)) data = data << 8 | read();
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  auto reads(string& s) -> void {
+    s.resize(size());
+    read(s.get<uint8_t>(), s.size());
+  }
+
+  auto write(const uint8_t* data, uintmax bytes) -> void {
+    while(bytes--) write(*data++);
+  }
+
+  auto writel(uintmax data, uint bytes) -> void {
+    for(auto n : range(bytes)) write(data), data >>= 8;
+  }
+
+  auto writem(uintmax data, uint bytes) -> void {
+    for(auto n : rrange(bytes)) write(data >> n * 8);
+  }
+
+  auto writes(const string& s) -> void {
+    write(s.data<uint8_t>(), s.size());
+  }
+};
+
+}}
+
+namespace nall { namespace vfs { namespace shared {
+  using file = shared_pointer<vfs::file>;
+}}}
+
+#include <nall/vfs/fs/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/vfs/memory/file.hpp>