diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 0dcec0a9..5dc526b7 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <nall/nall.hpp>
+#include <nall/adaptive-array.hpp>
 #include <nall/vfs.hpp>
 using namespace nall;
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name    = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "106.35";
+  static const string Version = "106.36";
   static const string Author  = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "https://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/md/vdp/vdp.hpp b/higan/md/vdp/vdp.hpp
index 923de5b6..3ddb6a9f 100644
--- a/higan/md/vdp/vdp.hpp
+++ b/higan/md/vdp/vdp.hpp
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ struct VDP : Thread {
 
     Pixel output;
 
-    array<Object, 80> oam;
-    array<Object, 20> objects;
+    adaptive_array<Object, 80> oam;
+    adaptive_array<Object, 20> objects;
   };
   Sprite sprite;
 
diff --git a/higan/ms/vdp/vdp.hpp b/higan/ms/vdp/vdp.hpp
index c8388272..90928407 100644
--- a/higan/ms/vdp/vdp.hpp
+++ b/higan/ms/vdp/vdp.hpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ struct VDP : Thread {
       uint4 color;
     } output;
 
-    array<Object, 8> objects;
+    adaptive_array<Object, 8> objects;
   } sprite;
 
   //serialization.cpp
diff --git a/higan/pce/vdc/vdc.hpp b/higan/pce/vdc/vdc.hpp
index 1acc420e..27221752 100644
--- a/higan/pce/vdc/vdc.hpp
+++ b/higan/pce/vdc/vdc.hpp
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ private:
       bool   vflip = 0;
       bool   first = 0;
     };
-    array<Object, 64> objects;
+    adaptive_array<Object, 64> objects;
 
     uint4 color;
     uint4 palette;
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp
index 74f4214d..14cfef17 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderBackground(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void
   if(self.tileMode == TileMode::Mode7) return renderMode7(self, source);
   if(self.tileMode == TileMode::Inactive) return;
 
-  bool windowAbove[256];
-  bool windowBelow[256];
+  array<bool[256]> windowAbove;
+  array<bool[256]> windowBelow;
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.aboveEnable, windowAbove);
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.belowEnable, windowBelow);
 
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/io.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/io.cpp
index d19ec204..8836cc49 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/io.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/io.cpp
@@ -589,11 +589,11 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::BPP2;
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::BPP2;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::BPP2;
-    memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 8, 11);
-    memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 7, 10);
-    memory::assign(io.bg3.priority, 2,  5);
-    memory::assign(io.bg4.priority, 1,  4);
-    memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 3,  6, 9, 12);
+    io.bg1.priority = { 8, 11};
+    io.bg2.priority = { 7, 10};
+    io.bg3.priority = { 2,  5};
+    io.bg4.priority = { 1,  4};
+    io.obj.priority = { 3,  6, 9, 12};
     break;
 
   case 1:
@@ -602,15 +602,15 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::BPP2;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     if(io.bgPriority) {
-      memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 5,  8);
-      memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 4,  7);
-      memory::assign(io.bg3.priority, 1, 10);
-      memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2,  3, 6,  9);
+      io.bg1.priority = { 5,  8};
+      io.bg2.priority = { 4,  7};
+      io.bg3.priority = { 1, 10};
+      io.obj.priority = { 2,  3, 6,  9};
     } else {
-      memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 6,  9);
-      memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 5,  8);
-      memory::assign(io.bg3.priority, 1,  3);
-      memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2,  4, 7, 10);
+      io.bg1.priority = { 6,  9};
+      io.bg2.priority = { 5,  8};
+      io.bg3.priority = { 1,  3};
+      io.obj.priority = { 2,  4, 7, 10};
     }
     break;
 
@@ -619,9 +619,9 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::BPP4;
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-    memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 3, 7);
-    memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 1, 5);
-    memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2, 4, 6, 8);
+    io.bg1.priority = { 3, 7};
+    io.bg2.priority = { 1, 5};
+    io.obj.priority = { 2, 4, 6, 8};
     break;
 
   case 3:
@@ -629,9 +629,9 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::BPP4;
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-    memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 3, 7);
-    memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 1, 5);
-    memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2, 4, 6, 8);
+    io.bg1.priority = { 3, 7};
+    io.bg2.priority = { 1, 5};
+    io.obj.priority = { 2, 4, 6, 8};
     break;
 
   case 4:
@@ -639,9 +639,9 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::BPP2;
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-    memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 3, 7);
-    memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 1, 5);
-    memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2, 4, 6, 8);
+    io.bg1.priority = { 3, 7};
+    io.bg2.priority = { 1, 5};
+    io.obj.priority = { 2, 4, 6, 8};
     break;
 
   case 5:
@@ -649,9 +649,9 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::BPP2;
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-    memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 3, 7);
-    memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 1, 5);
-    memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2, 4, 6, 8);
+    io.bg1.priority = { 3, 7};
+    io.bg2.priority = { 1, 5};
+    io.obj.priority = { 2, 4, 6, 8};
     break;
 
   case 6:
@@ -659,8 +659,8 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
     io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
     io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-    memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 2, 5);
-    memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 1, 3, 4, 6);
+    io.bg1.priority = { 2, 5};
+    io.obj.priority = { 1, 3, 4, 6};
     break;
 
   case 7:
@@ -669,16 +669,16 @@ auto PPU::updateVideoMode() -> void {
       io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
       io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
       io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-      memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 2);
-      memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 1, 3, 4, 5);
+      io.bg1.priority = { 2};
+      io.obj.priority = { 1, 3, 4, 5};
     } else {
       io.bg1.tileMode = TileMode::Mode7;
       io.bg2.tileMode = TileMode::Mode7;
       io.bg3.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
       io.bg4.tileMode = TileMode::Inactive;
-      memory::assign(io.bg1.priority, 3);
-      memory::assign(io.bg2.priority, 1, 5);
-      memory::assign(io.obj.priority, 2, 4, 6, 7);
+      io.bg1.priority = { 3};
+      io.bg2.priority = { 1, 5};
+      io.obj.priority = { 2, 4, 6, 7};
     }
     break;
   }
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp
index 3678e057..48749338 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderMode7(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void {
   int originX = (a * clip(hoffset - hcenter) & ~63) + (b * clip(voffset - vcenter) & ~63) + (b * y & ~63) + (hcenter << 8);
   int originY = (c * clip(hoffset - hcenter) & ~63) + (d * clip(voffset - vcenter) & ~63) + (d * y & ~63) + (vcenter << 8);
 
-  bool windowAbove[256];
-  bool windowBelow[256];
+  array<bool[256]> windowAbove;
+  array<bool[256]> windowBelow;
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.aboveEnable, windowAbove);
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.belowEnable, windowBelow);
 
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp
index dcd4f917..1e1bf5ab 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 auto PPU::Line::renderObject(PPU::IO::Object& self) -> void {
   if(!self.aboveEnable && !self.belowEnable) return;
 
-  bool windowAbove[256];
-  bool windowBelow[256];
+  array<bool[256]> windowAbove;
+  array<bool[256]> windowBelow;
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.aboveEnable, windowAbove);
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.belowEnable, windowBelow);
 
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp
index 07c93065..5b41920f 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp
@@ -13,21 +13,21 @@ PPU ppu;
 #include <sfc/ppu/counter/serialization.cpp>
 
 PPU::PPU() {
-  output = new uint32[512 * 512];
-  output += 16 * 512;  //overscan offset
-
+  output = new uint32[512 * 512] + 16 * 512;  //overscan offset
   tilecache[TileMode::BPP2] = new uint8[4096 * 8 * 8];
   tilecache[TileMode::BPP4] = new uint8[2048 * 8 * 8];
   tilecache[TileMode::BPP8] = new uint8[1024 * 8 * 8];
 
-  for(uint y : range(240)) {
+  for(uint y : range(lines.size())) {
     lines[y].y = y;
   }
 }
 
 PPU::~PPU() {
-  output -= 16 * 512;  //overscan offset
-  delete[] output;
+  delete[] (output - 16 * 512);  //overscan offset
+  delete[] tilecache[TileMode::BPP2];
+  delete[] tilecache[TileMode::BPP4];
+  delete[] tilecache[TileMode::BPP8];
 }
 
 auto PPU::Enter() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp
index 41b9e185..ca15c189 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ public:
     //serialization.cpp
     auto serialize(serializer&) -> void;
 
-    uint1 interlace;
-    uint1 overscan;
-    uint1 hires;
+    uint1  interlace;
+    uint1  overscan;
+    uint1  hires;
 
     uint16 vram;
     uint8  oam;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public:
       uint16 hoffset;
       uint16 voffset;
       uint3  tileMode;
-      uint4  priority[2];
+      array<uint4[2]> priority;
     } bg1, bg2, bg3, bg4;
 
     struct Object {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public:
       uint7  first;
       uint1  rangeOver;
       uint1  timeOver;
-      uint4  priority[4];
+      array<uint4[4]> priority;
     } obj;
 
     struct Color {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public:
       auto serialize(serializer&) -> void;
 
       WindowColor window;
-      uint1  enable[7];
+      array<uint1[7]> enable;
       uint1  directColor;
       uint1  blendMode;  //0 = fixed; 1 = pixel
       uint1  halve;
@@ -249,13 +249,13 @@ public:
   Latch latch;
   IO io;
 
-  uint16 vram[32 * 1024];
-  uint15 cgram[256];
-  Object objects[128];
+  array<uint16[32 * 1024]> vram;
+  array<uint15[256]> cgram;
+  array<Object[128]> objects;
 
   //[unserialized]
-  uint32* output = nullptr;
-  uint8*  tilecache[3] = {};  //bitplane -> bitmap tiledata
+  uint32* output;
+  array<uint8*[3]> tilecache;  //bitplane -> bitmap tiledata
 
   struct Line {
     //line.cpp
@@ -278,28 +278,29 @@ public:
     auto renderObject(PPU::IO::Object&) -> void;
 
     //window.cpp
-    auto renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowLayer&, bool, bool*) -> void;
-    auto renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowColor&, uint, bool*) -> void;
+    auto renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowLayer&, bool, array<bool[256]>&) -> void;
+    auto renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowColor&, uint, array<bool[256]>&) -> void;
 
     //[unserialized]
     uint9 y;  //constant
 
     IO io;
-    uint15 cgram[256];
+    array<uint15[256]> cgram;
 
-    ObjectItem items[32];
-    ObjectTile tiles[34];
+    array<ObjectItem[32]> items;
+    array<ObjectTile[34]> tiles;
 
-    Pixel above[256];
-    Pixel below[256];
+    array<Pixel[256]> above;
+    array<Pixel[256]> below;
 
-    bool windowAbove[256];
-    bool windowBelow[256];
+    array<bool[256]> windowAbove;
+    array<bool[256]> windowBelow;
 
     //flush()
     static uint start;
     static uint count;
-  } lines[240];
+  };
+  array<Line[240]> lines;
 };
 
 extern PPU ppu;
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/window.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/window.cpp
index 8b0ad4c2..2d49dc40 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/window.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/window.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-auto PPU::Line::renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowLayer& self, bool enable, bool* output) -> void {
+auto PPU::Line::renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowLayer& self, bool enable, array<bool[256]>& output) -> void {
   if(!enable || (!self.oneEnable && !self.twoEnable)) {
-    memory::fill<bool>(output, 256, 0);
+    output.fill(0);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -32,17 +32,17 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowLayer& self, bool enable, bool* outp
   }
 }
 
-auto PPU::Line::renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowColor& self, uint mask, bool* output) -> void {
+auto PPU::Line::renderWindow(PPU::IO::WindowColor& self, uint mask, array<bool[256]>& output) -> void {
   bool set, clear;
   switch(mask) {
-  case 0: memory::fill<bool>(output, 256, 1); return;  //always
-  case 1: set = 1, clear = 0; break;                   //inside
-  case 2: set = 0, clear = 1; break;                   //outside
-  case 3: memory::fill<bool>(output, 256, 0); return;  //never
+  case 0: output.fill(1); return;     //always
+  case 1: set = 1, clear = 0; break;  //inside
+  case 2: set = 0, clear = 1; break;  //outside
+  case 3: output.fill(0); return;     //never
   }
 
   if(!self.oneEnable && !self.twoEnable) {
-    memory::fill<bool>(output, 256, clear);
+    output.fill(clear);
     return;
   }
 
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
index 51a83f3b..cc8a8de8 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ Program::Program(string_vector arguments) {
   new InputManager;
   new SettingsWindow;
   new CheatDatabase;
+  new CheatWindow;
   new ToolsWindow;
   new AboutWindow;
 
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-database.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-database.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7cd745fd..00000000
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-database.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-CheatDatabase::CheatDatabase() {
-  cheatDatabase = this;
-
-  layout.setMargin(5);
-  selectAllButton.setText("Select All").onActivate([&] {
-    for(auto item : cheatList.items()) item.setChecked(true);
-  });
-  unselectAllButton.setText("Unselect All").onActivate([&] {
-    for(auto item : cheatList.items()) item.setChecked(false);
-  });
-  addCheatsButton.setText("Add Cheats").onActivate([&] {
-    addCheats();
-  });
-
-  setSize({800, 400});
-  setAlignment({0.5, 1.0});
-  setDismissable();
-}
-
-auto CheatDatabase::findCheats() -> void {
-  auto sha256 = emulator->sha256();
-
-  auto document = BML::unserialize(string::read(locate("cheats.bml")));
-  for(auto game : document.find("cartridge")) {
-    if(game["sha256"].text() != sha256) continue;
-
-    cheatList.reset();
-    for(auto cheat : game.find("cheat")) {
-      cheatList.append(ListViewItem()
-        .setCheckable()
-        .setText(cheat["description"].text())
-        .setProperty("code", cheat["code"].text())
-      );
-    }
-
-    setTitle(game["name"].text());
-    setVisible();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  MessageDialog().setParent(*toolsWindow).setText("Sorry, no cheats were found for this game.").information();
-}
-
-auto CheatDatabase::addCheats() -> void {
-  for(auto item : cheatList.items()) {
-    if(!item.checked()) continue;
-
-    string code = item.property("code").replace("/", "=", 1L).replace("/", "?", 1L);
-    string description = item.text();
-    if(!toolsWindow->cheatEditor.addCode(false, code, description)) {
-      MessageDialog().setParent(*this).setText("Free slots exhausted. Not all cheats could be added.").warning();
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  setVisible(false);
-  toolsWindow->cheatEditor.doRefresh();
-}
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
index d35ca085..f02dc0d1 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
@@ -1,139 +1,217 @@
+CheatDatabase::CheatDatabase() {
+  cheatDatabase = this;
+
+  layout.setMargin(5);
+  selectAllButton.setText("Select All").onActivate([&] {
+    for(auto item : cheatList.items()) item.setChecked(true);
+  });
+  unselectAllButton.setText("Unselect All").onActivate([&] {
+    for(auto item : cheatList.items()) item.setChecked(false);
+  });
+  addCheatsButton.setText("Add Cheats").onActivate([&] {
+    addCheats();
+  });
+
+  setSize({800, 400});
+  setAlignment({0.5, 1.0});
+  setDismissable();
+}
+
+auto CheatDatabase::findCheats() -> void {
+  auto sha256 = emulator->sha256();
+
+  auto document = BML::unserialize(string::read(locate("cheats.bml")));
+  for(auto game : document.find("cartridge")) {
+    if(game["sha256"].text() != sha256) continue;
+
+    cheatList.reset();
+    for(auto cheat : game.find("cheat")) {
+      cheatList.append(ListViewItem()
+        .setCheckable()
+        .setText(cheat["description"].text())
+        .setProperty("code", cheat["code"].text())
+      );
+    }
+
+    setTitle(game["name"].text());
+    setVisible();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MessageDialog().setParent(*toolsWindow).setText("Sorry, no cheats were found for this game.").information();
+}
+
+auto CheatDatabase::addCheats() -> void {
+  for(auto item : cheatList.items()) {
+    if(item.checked()) {
+      toolsWindow->cheatEditor.addCheat(item.text(), item.property("code"));
+    }
+  }
+  setVisible(false);
+  toolsWindow->cheatEditor.synchronizeCodes();
+}
+
+//
+
+CheatWindow::CheatWindow() {
+  cheatWindow = this;
+
+  layout.setMargin(5);
+  nameLabel.setText("Name:");
+  nameValue.onChange([&] { doChange(); });
+  codeLabel.setText("Code:");
+  codeValue.onChange([&] { doChange(); });
+  enabledOption.setText("Enabled");
+  acceptButton.onActivate([&] { doAccept(); });
+  cancelButton.setText("Cancel");
+
+  setSize({480, layout.minimumSize().height()});
+  setDismissable();
+}
+
+auto CheatWindow::show(TableViewItem item) -> void {
+  this->item = item;
+  nameValue.setText(item.cell(1).text());
+  codeValue.setText(item.property("code"));
+  enabledOption.setChecked(item.cell(0).checked());
+  doChange();
+  setTitle(!item ? "Add Cheat Code" : "Edit Cheat Code");
+  setCentered(*toolsWindow);
+  setVisible();
+  setFocused();
+  nameValue.setFocused();
+  acceptButton.setText(!item ? "Add" : "Edit");
+}
+
+auto CheatWindow::doChange() -> void {
+  bool valid = true;
+  nameValue.setBackgroundColor(nameValue.text().strip() ? Color{} : (valid = false, Color{255, 224, 224}));
+  codeValue.setBackgroundColor(codeValue.text().strip() ? Color{} : (valid = false, Color{255, 224, 224}));
+  acceptButton.setEnabled(valid);
+}
+
+auto CheatWindow::doAccept() -> void {
+  if(item) {
+    item.cell(0).setChecked(enabledOption.checked());
+    item.cell(1).setText(nameValue.text());
+    item.setProperty("code", codeValue.text());
+  } else {
+    toolsWindow->cheatEditor.addCheat(nameValue.text(), codeValue.text(), enabledOption.checked());
+  }
+  setVisible(false);
+}
+
+//
+
 CheatEditor::CheatEditor(TabFrame* parent) : TabFrameItem(parent) {
   setIcon(Icon::Edit::Replace);
   setText("Cheat Editor");
 
   layout.setMargin(5);
-  cheatList.append(TableViewHeader().setVisible()
-    .append(TableViewColumn())
-    .append(TableViewColumn().setText("Slot").setForegroundColor({0, 128, 0}).setAlignment(1.0))
-    .append(TableViewColumn().setText("Code(s)"))
-    .append(TableViewColumn().setText("Description").setExpandable())
-  );
-  for(uint slot : range(Slots)) {
-    cheatList.append(TableViewItem()
-      .append(TableViewCell().setCheckable())
-      .append(TableViewCell().setText(1 + slot))
-      .append(TableViewCell())
-      .append(TableViewCell())
-    );
-  }
-  cheatList.onChange([&] { doChangeSelected(); });
-  cheatList.onToggle([&](auto cell) {
-    cheats[cell.parent().offset()].enabled = cell.checked();
-    this->synchronizeCodes();
+  cheatList.onActivate([&] { modifyButton.doActivate(); });
+  cheatList.onChange([&] {
+    auto selected = cheatList.selected();
+    upButton.setEnabled((bool)selected && selected.offset() != 0);
+    downButton.setEnabled((bool)selected && selected.offset() != cheatList.itemCount() - 1);
+    modifyButton.setEnabled((bool)selected);
+    removeButton.setEnabled((bool)selected);
   });
-  codeLabel.setText("Code(s):");
-  codeValue.setEnabled(false).onChange([&] { doModify(); });
-  descriptionLabel.setText("Description:");
-  descriptionValue.setEnabled(false).onChange([&] { doModify(); });
-  findCodesButton.setText("Find Codes ...").onActivate([&] { cheatDatabase->findCheats(); });
-  resetButton.setText("Reset").onActivate([&] { doReset(); });
-  eraseButton.setText("Erase").onActivate([&] { doErase(); });
-
-  //do not display "Find Codes" button if there is no cheat database to look up codes in
-  if(!file::exists(locate("cheats.bml"))) findCodesButton.setVisible(false);
-}
-
-auto CheatEditor::doChangeSelected() -> void {
-  if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
-    auto& cheat = cheats[item.offset()];
-    codeValue.setEnabled(true).setText(cheat.code);
-    descriptionValue.setEnabled(true).setText(cheat.description);
-    eraseButton.setEnabled(true);
-  } else {
-    codeValue.setEnabled(false).setText("");
-    descriptionValue.setEnabled(false).setText("");
-    eraseButton.setEnabled(false);
-  }
-}
-
-auto CheatEditor::doModify() -> void {
-  if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
-    auto& cheat = cheats[item.offset()];
-    cheat.code = codeValue.text();
-    cheat.description = descriptionValue.text();
-    doRefresh();
-    synchronizeCodes();
-  }
-}
-
-auto CheatEditor::doRefresh() -> void {
-  for(uint slot : range(Slots)) {
-    auto& cheat = cheats[slot];
-    if(cheat.code || cheat.description) {
-      auto codes = cheat.code.split("+");
-      if(codes.size() > 1) codes[0].append("+...");
-      cheatList.item(slot).cell(0).setChecked(cheat.enabled);
-      cheatList.item(slot).cell(2).setText(codes[0]);
-      cheatList.item(slot).cell(3).setText(cheat.description).setForegroundColor({0, 0, 0});
-    } else {
-      cheatList.item(slot).cell(0).setChecked(false);
-      cheatList.item(slot).cell(2).setText("");
-      cheatList.item(slot).cell(3).setText("<empty>").setForegroundColor({128, 128, 128});
+  cheatList.onToggle([&](TableViewCell) { synchronizeCodes(); });
+  upButton.setIcon(Icon::Go::Up).onActivate([&] {
+    if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
+      swap(item.offset(), item.offset() - 1);
     }
-  }
-  cheatList.resizeColumns();
+  });
+  downButton.setIcon(Icon::Go::Down).onActivate([&] {
+    if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
+      swap(item.offset(), item.offset() + 1);
+    }
+  });
+  findCheatsButton.setText("Find Cheats ...").onActivate([&] {
+    cheatDatabase->findCheats();
+  });
+  resetButton.setText("Reset").onActivate([&] {
+    if(MessageDialog("Are you sure you want to permanently erase all cheat codes?").setParent(*toolsWindow).question() == "Yes") {
+      cheatList.reset().append(TableViewHeader()
+        .append(TableViewColumn())
+        .append(TableViewColumn().setExpandable())
+        .setVisible(false)
+      );
+      synchronizeCodes();
+    }
+  });
+  appendButton.setText("Add").onActivate([&] {
+    cheatWindow->show();
+  });
+  modifyButton.setText("Edit").onActivate([&] {
+    if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
+      cheatWindow->show(item);
+    }
+  });
+  removeButton.setText("Remove").onActivate([&] {
+    if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
+      cheatList.remove(item).doChange();
+    }
+  });
+
+  //do not display "Find Cheats" button if there is no cheat database available
+  if(!file::exists(locate("cheats.bml"))) findCheatsButton.setVisible(false);
 }
 
-auto CheatEditor::doReset(bool force) -> void {
-  if(force || MessageDialog().setParent(*toolsWindow).setText("Permamently erase all cheats?").question() == "Yes") {
-    for(auto& cheat : cheats) cheat = {};
-    for(auto& item : cheatList.items()) item.cell(0).setChecked(false);
-    doChangeSelected();
-    doRefresh();
-    synchronizeCodes();
-  }
-}
-
-auto CheatEditor::doErase() -> void {
-  if(auto item = cheatList.selected()) {
-    cheats[item.offset()] = {};
-    codeValue.setText("");
-    descriptionValue.setText("");
-    doRefresh();
-    synchronizeCodes();
-  }
+auto CheatEditor::swap(uint x, uint y) -> void {
+  auto itemX = cheatList.item(x);
+  auto itemY = cheatList.item(y);
+  auto enabled = itemX.cell(0).checked();
+  auto name = itemX.cell(1).text();
+  auto code = itemX.property("code");
+  itemX.cell(0).setChecked(itemY.cell(0).checked());
+  itemX.cell(1).setText(itemY.cell(1).text());
+  itemX.setProperty("code", itemY.property("code"));
+  itemY.cell(0).setChecked(enabled);
+  itemY.cell(1).setText(name);
+  itemY.setProperty("code", code);
+  itemY.setSelected();
+  cheatList.doChange();
 }
 
 auto CheatEditor::synchronizeCodes() -> void {
   string_vector codes;
-  for(auto& cheat : cheats) {
-    if(!cheat.enabled || !cheat.code) continue;
-    codes.append(cheat.code);
+  for(auto item : cheatList.items()) {
+    if(item.cell(0).checked()) codes.append(item.property("code"));
   }
   emulator->cheatSet(codes);
 }
 
-auto CheatEditor::addCode(bool enabled, string code, string description) -> bool {
-  for(auto& cheat : cheats) {
-    if(cheat.code || cheat.description) continue;
-    cheat.enabled = enabled;
-    cheat.code = code;
-    cheat.description = description;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
+auto CheatEditor::addCheat(string name, string code, bool enabled) -> void {
+  cheatList.append(TableViewItem()
+    .append(TableViewCell().setChecked(enabled))
+    .append(TableViewCell().setText(name))
+    .setProperty("code", code)
+  ).resizeColumns();
 }
 
 auto CheatEditor::loadCheats() -> void {
-  doReset(true);
+  cheatList.reset().append(TableViewHeader()
+    .append(TableViewColumn())
+    .append(TableViewColumn().setExpandable())
+    .setVisible(false)
+  );
   auto location = program->path("Cheats", program->superNintendo.location, ".cht");
   auto document = BML::unserialize(string::read(location));
   for(auto cheat : document.find("cheat")) {
-    if(!addCode((bool)cheat["enabled"], cheat["code"].text(), cheat["description"].text())) break;
+    addCheat(cheat["name"].text(), cheat["code"].text(), (bool)cheat["enabled"]);
   }
-  doRefresh();
+  cheatList.doChange();
   synchronizeCodes();
 }
 
 auto CheatEditor::saveCheats() -> void {
   string document;
-  for(auto& cheat : cheats) {
-    if(!cheat.code && !cheat.description) continue;
+  for(auto item : cheatList.items()) {
     document.append("cheat\n");
-    document.append("  description: ", cheat.description, "\n");
-    document.append("  code: ", cheat.code, "\n");
-  if(cheat.enabled)
+    document.append("  name: ", item.cell(1).text(), "\n");
+    document.append("  code: ", item.property("code"), "\n");
+  if(item.cell(0).checked())
     document.append("  enabled\n");
     document.append("\n");
   }
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.cpp
index 70fc7ab1..5f6c8051 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "../bsnes.hpp"
-#include "cheat-database.cpp"
 #include "cheat-editor.cpp"
 unique_pointer<CheatDatabase> cheatDatabase;
+unique_pointer<CheatWindow> cheatWindow;
 unique_pointer<ToolsWindow> toolsWindow;
 
 ToolsWindow::ToolsWindow() {
@@ -17,10 +17,19 @@ ToolsWindow::ToolsWindow() {
   onSize([&] {
     cheatEditor.cheatList.resizeColumns();
   });
+
+  onClose([&] {
+    setVisible(false);
+  });
 }
 
 auto ToolsWindow::setVisible(bool visible) -> ToolsWindow& {
-  return Window::setVisible(visible), *this;
+  Window::setVisible(visible);
+  if(!visible) {
+    cheatDatabase->setVisible(false);
+    cheatWindow->setVisible(false);
+  }
+  return *this;
 }
 
 auto ToolsWindow::show(uint index) -> void {
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp
index f252b71d..3988be5a 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,52 @@ public:
       Button addCheatsButton{&controlLayout, Size{100, 0}};
 };
 
+struct CheatWindow : Window {
+  CheatWindow();
+  auto show(TableViewItem item = {}) -> void;
+  auto doChange() -> void;
+  auto doAccept() -> void;
+
+public:
+  TableViewItem item;
+
+  VerticalLayout layout{this};
+    HorizontalLayout nameLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Label nameLabel{&nameLayout, Size{40, 0}};
+      LineEdit nameValue{&nameLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+    HorizontalLayout codeLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Label codeLabel{&codeLayout, Size{40, 0}};
+      LineEdit codeValue{&codeLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+    HorizontalLayout controlLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Widget spacer{&controlLayout, Size{40, 0}};
+      CheckLabel enabledOption{&controlLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Button acceptButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+      Button cancelButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+};
+
+struct CheatEditor : TabFrameItem {
+  CheatEditor(TabFrame*);
+  auto swap(uint x, uint y) -> void;
+  auto synchronizeCodes() -> void;
+  auto addCheat(string name, string code, bool enabled = false) -> void;
+  auto loadCheats() -> void;
+  auto saveCheats() -> void;
+
+public:
+  VerticalLayout layout{this};
+    TableView cheatList{&layout, Size{~0, ~0}};
+    HorizontalLayout controlLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Button upButton{&controlLayout, Size{0, 0}};
+      Button downButton{&controlLayout, Size{0, 0}};
+      Button findCheatsButton{&controlLayout, Size{120, 0}};
+      Widget spacer{&controlLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Button resetButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+      Button appendButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+      Button modifyButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+      Button removeButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+};
+
+/*
 struct CheatEditor : TabFrameItem {
   enum : uint { Slots = 128 };
 
@@ -49,6 +95,7 @@ public:
       Button resetButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
       Button eraseButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
 };
+*/
 
 struct ToolsWindow : Window {
   ToolsWindow();
@@ -62,4 +109,5 @@ public:
 };
 
 extern unique_pointer<CheatDatabase> cheatDatabase;
+extern unique_pointer<CheatWindow> cheatWindow;
 extern unique_pointer<ToolsWindow> toolsWindow;
diff --git a/hiro/extension/list-view.cpp b/hiro/extension/list-view.cpp
index 07d51152..3db2a86c 100644
--- a/hiro/extension/list-view.cpp
+++ b/hiro/extension/list-view.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 #if defined(Hiro_ListView)
 
 mListView::mListView() {
+  mTableView::onActivate([&] {
+    doActivate();
+  });
+  mTableView::onChange([&] {
+    doChange();
+  });
   mTableView::onToggle([&](TableViewCell cell) {
     if(auto item = cell->parentTableViewItem()) {
       if(auto shared = item->instance.acquire()) {
@@ -18,6 +24,14 @@ auto mListView::batched() const -> vector<ListViewItem> {
   return result;
 }
 
+auto mListView::doActivate() const -> void {
+  if(state.onActivate) state.onActivate();
+}
+
+auto mListView::doChange() const -> void {
+  if(state.onChange) state.onChange();
+}
+
 auto mListView::doToggle(ListViewItem item) const -> void {
   if(state.onToggle) state.onToggle(item);
 }
@@ -33,6 +47,16 @@ auto mListView::items() const -> vector<ListViewItem> {
   return result;
 }
 
+auto mListView::onActivate(const function<void ()>& callback) -> type& {
+  state.onActivate = callback;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+auto mListView::onChange(const function<void ()>& callback) -> type& {
+  state.onChange = callback;
+  return *this;
+}
+
 auto mListView::onToggle(const function<void (ListViewItem)>& callback) -> type& {
   state.onToggle = callback;
   return *this;
diff --git a/hiro/extension/list-view.hpp b/hiro/extension/list-view.hpp
index 3650983d..0a18fa4d 100644
--- a/hiro/extension/list-view.hpp
+++ b/hiro/extension/list-view.hpp
@@ -11,15 +11,21 @@ struct mListView : mTableView {
 
   mListView();
   auto batched() const -> vector<ListViewItem>;
+  auto doActivate() const -> void;
+  auto doChange() const -> void;
   auto doToggle(ListViewItem) const -> void;
   auto item(uint position) const -> ListViewItem;
   auto items() const -> vector<ListViewItem>;
+  auto onActivate(const function<void ()>& callback) -> type&;
+  auto onChange(const function<void ()>& callback) -> type&;
   auto onToggle(const function<void (ListViewItem)>& callback) -> type&;
   auto reset() -> type& override;
   auto selected() const -> ListViewItem;
 
 //private:
   struct State {
+    function<void ()> onActivate;
+    function<void ()> onChange;
     function<void (ListViewItem)> onToggle;
   } state;
 };
diff --git a/nall/adaptive-array.hpp b/nall/adaptive-array.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f724c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/adaptive-array.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//deprecated
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nall/range.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+template<typename T, uint Capacity>
+struct adaptive_array {
+  auto capacity() const -> uint { return Capacity; }
+  auto size() const -> uint { return _size; }
+
+  auto reset() -> void {
+    for(uint n : range(_size)) _pool.t[n].~T();
+    _size = 0;
+  }
+
+  auto operator[](uint index) -> T& {
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    struct out_of_bounds {};
+    if(index >= Capacity) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    #endif
+    return _pool.t[index];
+  }
+
+  auto operator[](uint index) const -> const T& {
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    struct out_of_bounds {};
+    if(index >= Capacity) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    #endif
+    return _pool.t[index];
+  }
+
+  auto append() -> T& {
+    new(_pool.t + _size) T;
+    return _pool.t[_size++];
+  }
+
+  auto append(const T& value) -> void {
+    new(_pool.t + _size++) T(value);
+  }
+
+  auto append(T&& value) -> void {
+    new(_pool.t + _size++) T(move(value));
+  }
+
+  auto begin() { return &_pool.t[0]; }
+  auto end() { return &_pool.t[_size]; }
+
+  auto begin() const { return &_pool.t[0]; }
+  auto end() const { return &_pool.t[_size]; }
+
+private:
+  union U {
+    U() {}
+    ~U() {}
+    T t[Capacity];
+  } _pool;
+  uint _size = 0;
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/nall/array.hpp b/nall/array.hpp
index baf7af39..504f63f3 100644
--- a/nall/array.hpp
+++ b/nall/array.hpp
@@ -1,61 +1,130 @@
 #pragma once
+#define DEBUG
 
 #include <nall/range.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
 
-template<typename T, uint Capacity>
-struct array {
-  auto capacity() const -> uint { return Capacity; }
-  auto size() const -> uint { return _size; }
+template<typename T> struct array;
 
-  auto reset() -> void {
-    for(uint n : range(_size)) _pool.t[n].~T();
-    _size = 0;
+//usage: int x[256] => array<int, 256>
+template<typename T, uint Size> struct array<T[Size]> {
+  array() = default;
+
+  array(const initializer_list<T>& source) {
+    uint index = 0;
+    for(auto& value : source) {
+      operator[](index++) = value;
+    }
   }
 
-  auto operator[](uint index) -> T& {
+  alwaysinline auto operator[](uint index) -> T& {
     #ifdef DEBUG
     struct out_of_bounds {};
-    if(index >= Capacity) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    if(index >= Size) throw out_of_bounds{};
     #endif
-    return _pool.t[index];
+    return values[index];
   }
 
-  auto operator[](uint index) const -> const T& {
+  alwaysinline auto operator[](uint index) const -> const T& {
     #ifdef DEBUG
     struct out_of_bounds {};
-    if(index >= Capacity) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    if(index >= Size) throw out_of_bounds{};
     #endif
-    return _pool.t[index];
+    return values[index];
   }
 
-  auto append() -> T& {
-    new(_pool.t + _size) T;
-    return _pool.t[_size++];
+  alwaysinline auto operator()(uint index, const T& fallback = {}) const -> const T& {
+    if(index >= Size) return fallback;
+    return values[index];
   }
 
-  auto append(const T& value) -> void {
-    new(_pool.t + _size++) T(value);
+  auto fill(const T& fill = {}) {
+    for(auto& value : values) value = fill;
   }
 
-  auto append(T&& value) -> void {
-    new(_pool.t + _size++) T(move(value));
-  }
+  auto data() -> T* { return values; }
+  auto data() const -> const T* { return values; }
+  auto size() const -> uint { return Size; }
 
-  auto begin() { return &_pool.t[0]; }
-  auto end() { return &_pool.t[_size]; }
+  auto begin() -> T* { return &values[0]; }
+  auto end() -> T* { return &values[Size]; }
 
-  auto begin() const { return &_pool.t[0]; }
-  auto end() const { return &_pool.t[_size]; }
+  auto begin() const -> const T* { return &values[0]; }
+  auto end() const -> const T* { return &values[Size]; }
 
 private:
-  union U {
-    U() {}
-    ~U() {}
-    T t[Capacity];
-  } _pool;
-  uint _size = 0;
+  T values[Size];
+};
+
+template<typename T> struct array_view;
+
+template<typename T, uint Size> struct array_view<T[Size]> {
+  array_view() = default;
+
+  template<uint Capacity>
+  array_view(array<T[Capacity]>& source, uint offset = 0) {
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    struct out_of_bounds {};
+    if(offset + Size >= Capacity) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    #endif
+    values = &source.data()[offset];
+  }
+
+  template<uint Capacity>
+  array_view(T (&source)[Capacity], uint offset = 0) {
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    struct out_of_bounds {};
+    if(offset + Size >= Capacity) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    #endif
+    values = &source[offset];
+  }
+
+  array_view(T* source, uint offset = 0) {
+    values = &source[offset];
+  }
+
+  explicit operator bool() const {
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  alwaysinline auto operator[](uint index) -> T& {
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    struct out_of_bounds {};
+    if(index >= Size) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    #endif
+    return values[index];
+  }
+
+  alwaysinline auto operator[](uint index) const -> const T& {
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    struct out_of_bounds {};
+    if(index >= Size) throw out_of_bounds{};
+    #endif
+    return values[index];
+  }
+
+  alwaysinline auto operator()(uint index, const T& fallback = {}) const -> const T& {
+    if(index >= Size) return fallback;
+    return values[index];
+  }
+
+  auto fill(const T& fill = {}) -> void {
+    for(uint index : range(Size)) values[index] = fill;
+  }
+
+  auto data() -> T* { return values; }
+  auto data() const -> const T* { return values; }
+  auto size() const -> uint { return Size; }
+
+  auto begin() -> T* { return &values[0]; }
+  auto end() -> T* { return &values[Size]; }
+
+  auto begin() const -> const T* { return &values[0]; }
+  auto end() const -> const T* { return &values[Size]; }
+
+private:
+  T* values = nullptr;
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/nall/nall.hpp b/nall/nall.hpp
index 900863a8..b25c52f4 100644
--- a/nall/nall.hpp
+++ b/nall/nall.hpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <nall/maybe.hpp>
 #include <nall/memory.hpp>
 #include <nall/path.hpp>
+#include <nall/pointer.hpp>
 #include <nall/primitives.hpp>
 #include <nall/property.hpp>
 #include <nall/queue.hpp>
diff --git a/nall/pointer.hpp b/nall/pointer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e96ddb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/pointer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nall {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct pointer {
+  explicit operator bool() const { return value; }
+
+  pointer() = default;
+  pointer(T* source) { value = source; }
+  pointer(const pointer& source) { value = source.value; }
+
+  auto& operator=(T* source) { value = source; return *this; }
+  auto& operator=(const pointer& source) { value = source.value; return *this; }
+
+  auto operator()() -> T* { return value; }
+  auto operator()() const -> const T* { return value; }
+
+  auto operator->() -> T* { return value; }
+  auto operator->() const -> const T* { return value; }
+
+  auto operator*() -> T& { return *value; }
+  auto operator*() const -> const T& { return *value; }
+
+  auto reset() -> void { value = nullptr; }
+
+  auto data() -> T* { return value; }
+  auto data() const -> const T* { return value; }
+
+private:
+  T* value = nullptr;
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/nall/serializer.hpp b/nall/serializer.hpp
index 0f9c4547..7f8f2239 100644
--- a/nall/serializer.hpp
+++ b/nall/serializer.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 //- only plain-old-data can be stored. complex classes must provide serialize(serializer&);
 //- floating-point usage is not portable across different implementations
 
+#include <nall/array.hpp>
 #include <nall/range.hpp>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 #include <nall/traits.hpp>
@@ -96,6 +97,10 @@ struct serializer {
     return *this;
   }
 
+  template<typename T, uint Size> auto array(nall::array<T[Size]>& array) -> serializer& {
+    for(auto& value : array) operator()(value);
+  }
+
   template<typename T> auto operator()(T& value, typename std::enable_if<has_serialize<T>::value>::type* = 0) -> serializer& { value.serialize(*this); return *this; }
   template<typename T> auto operator()(T& value, typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type* = 0) -> serializer& { return integer(value); }
   template<typename T> auto operator()(T& value, typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>::type* = 0) -> serializer& { return floatingpoint(value); }
diff --git a/nall/string.hpp b/nall/string.hpp
index 6c15e7c4..acb3b14d 100644
--- a/nall/string.hpp
+++ b/nall/string.hpp
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ template<typename T> inline auto pad(const T& value, long precision = 0, char pa
 inline auto hex(uintmax value, long precision = 0, char padchar = '0') -> string;
 inline auto octal(uintmax value, long precision = 0, char padchar = '0') -> string;
 inline auto binary(uintmax value, long precision = 0, char padchar = '0') -> string;
-inline auto pointer(uintptr value, long precision = 0) -> string;
-template<typename T> inline auto pointer(const T* value, long precision = 0) -> string;
 
 //match.hpp
 inline auto tokenize(const char* s, const char* p) -> bool;
diff --git a/nall/string/cast.hpp b/nall/string/cast.hpp
index 9a1a3926..dc3e0826 100644
--- a/nall/string/cast.hpp
+++ b/nall/string/cast.hpp
@@ -234,6 +234,22 @@ template<> struct stringify<const string_view&> {
   const string_view& _view;
 };
 
+//pointers
+
+template<typename T> struct stringify<T*> {
+  stringify(const T* source) {
+    if(!source) {
+      memory::copy(_data, "(nullptr)", 10);
+    } else {
+      memory::copy(_data, "0x", 2);
+      fromNatural(_data + 2, (uintptr)source);
+    }
+  }
+  auto data() const -> const char* { return _data; }
+  auto size() const -> uint { return strlen(_data); }
+  char _data[256];
+};
+
 //
 
 template<typename T> auto make_string(T value) -> stringify<T> {
diff --git a/nall/string/format.hpp b/nall/string/format.hpp
index 2fbff26b..c5e6fe1c 100644
--- a/nall/string/format.hpp
+++ b/nall/string/format.hpp
@@ -133,14 +133,4 @@ auto binary(uintmax value, long precision, char padchar) -> string {
   return buffer;
 }
 
-auto pointer(uintptr value, long precision) -> string {
-  if(value == 0) return "(nullptr)";
-  return {"0x", hex(value, precision)};
-}
-
-template<typename T> auto pointer(const T* value, long precision) -> string {
-  if(value == nullptr) return "(nullptr)";
-  return {"0x", hex((uintptr)value, precision)};
-}
-
 }