diff --git a/emulator/emulator.hpp b/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 8e27c495..977dc494 100644
--- a/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "094.33";
+  static const string Version = "094.34";
   static const string Author = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "http://byuu.org/";
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ template<typename R, typename... P> struct hook<R (P...)> {
 
   auto operator()(P... p) const -> R {
     #if defined(DEBUGGER)
-    if(callback) return callback(std::forward<P>(p)...);
+    if(callback) return callback(forward<P>(p)...);
     #endif
     return R();
   }
diff --git a/emulator/interface.hpp b/emulator/interface.hpp
index 0248eded..349b5a8c 100644
--- a/emulator/interface.hpp
+++ b/emulator/interface.hpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ struct Interface {
       unsigned id;
       unsigned type;  //0 = digital, 1 = analog (relative), 2 = rumble
       string name;
-      uintptr_t guid;
+      uintptr_t guid;  //user data field
     };
     vector<Input> input;
     vector<unsigned> order;
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ struct Interface {
     virtual auto inputRumble(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned, bool) -> void {}
     virtual auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node&) -> unsigned { return 0; }
     virtual auto path(unsigned) -> string { return ""; }
-    virtual auto server() -> string { return ""; }
     virtual auto notify(string text) -> void { print(text, "\n"); }
   };
   Bind* bind = nullptr;
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ struct Interface {
   auto inputRumble(unsigned port, unsigned device, unsigned input, bool enable) -> void { return bind->inputRumble(port, device, input, enable); }
   auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> unsigned { return bind->dipSettings(node); }
   auto path(unsigned group) -> string { return bind->path(group); }
-  auto server() -> string { return bind->server(); }
   template<typename... P> auto notify(P&&... p) -> void { return bind->notify({forward<P>(p)...}); }
 
   //information
diff --git a/gba/cpu/cpu.cpp b/gba/cpu/cpu.cpp
index 83df0496..1eda3368 100644
--- a/gba/cpu/cpu.cpp
+++ b/gba/cpu/cpu.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,72 @@ auto CPU::step(unsigned clocks) -> void {
   sync_step(clocks);
 }
 
+auto CPU::bus_idle(uint32 addr) -> void {
+  step(1);
+  prefetch_step(1);
+}
+
+auto CPU::bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 {
+  unsigned wait = bus.wait(addr, size, mode);
+
+  if(addr < 0x0800'0000) {
+    unsigned word = bus.read(addr, size);
+    step(wait);
+    prefetch_step(wait);
+    return word;
+  }
+
+  if(addr < 0x0e00'0000) {
+    if(regs.wait.control.prefetch) {
+      if(mode == Nonsequential) prefetch_start(addr);
+      unsigned word = prefetch_take();
+      if(size == Byte) word = (addr & 1) ? (word >> 8) : (word & 0xff);
+      if(size == Word) word |= prefetch_take() << 16;
+      return word;
+    }
+
+    unsigned word = cartridge.read(addr, size);
+    step(wait);
+    return word;
+  }
+
+  if(addr < 0x1000'0000) {
+    prefetch_stall();
+    unsigned word = bus.read(addr, size);
+    step(wait);
+    return word;
+  }
+
+  step(wait);
+  prefetch_step(wait);
+  return 0x0000'0000;  //open bus?
+}
+
+auto CPU::bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void {
+  unsigned wait = bus.wait(addr, size, mode);
+
+  if(addr < 0x0800'0000) {
+    step(wait);
+    prefetch_step(wait);
+    return bus.write(addr, size, word);
+  }
+
+  if(addr < 0x0e00'0000) {
+    prefetch_stall();
+    step(wait);
+    return bus.write(addr, size, word);
+  }
+
+  if(addr < 0x1000'0000) {
+    prefetch_stall();
+    step(wait);
+    return bus.write(addr, size, word);
+  }
+
+  step(wait);
+  prefetch_step(wait);
+}
+
 auto CPU::sync_step(unsigned clocks) -> void {
   ppu.clock -= clocks;
   if(ppu.clock < 0) co_switch(ppu.thread);
@@ -71,43 +137,6 @@ auto CPU::sync_step(unsigned clocks) -> void {
   if(apu.clock < 0) co_switch(apu.thread);
 }
 
-auto CPU::bus_idle(uint32 addr) -> void {
-  if(regs.wait.control.prefetch) prefetch_run();
-  step(1);
-}
-
-auto CPU::bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 {
-  if(regs.wait.control.prefetch) {
-    if((addr & 0x0fffffff) >= 0x08000000 && (addr & 0x0fffffff) <= 0x0dffffff) {
-      if(auto word = prefetch_read(addr, size)) {
-        step(1 + (size == Word));
-        return *word;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  unsigned wait = bus.wait(addr, size, mode);
-  unsigned word = bus.read(addr, size);
-  step(wait);
-  return word;
-}
-
-auto CPU::bus_load(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 {
-  if(regs.wait.control.prefetch) prefetch_run();
-  return bus_read(addr, size, mode);
-}
-
-auto CPU::bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void {
-  unsigned wait = bus.wait(addr, size, mode);
-  step(wait);
-  bus.write(addr, size, word);
-}
-
-auto CPU::bus_store(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void {
-  if(regs.wait.control.prefetch) prefetch_run();
-  return bus_write(addr, size, mode, word);
-}
-
 auto CPU::keypad_run() -> void {
   if(regs.keypad.control.enable == false) return;
 
@@ -122,7 +151,7 @@ auto CPU::keypad_run() -> void {
 }
 
 auto CPU::power() -> void {
-  create(CPU::Enter, 16777216);
+  create(CPU::Enter, 16'777'216);
 
   ARM::power();
   for(auto n : range( 32 * 1024)) iwram[n] = 0;
@@ -152,7 +181,7 @@ auto CPU::power() -> void {
   regs.postboot = 0;
   regs.mode = Registers::Mode::Normal;
   regs.clock = 0;
-  regs.memory.control = 0x0d000020;
+  regs.memory.control = 0x0d00'0020;
 
   pending.dma.vblank = 0;
   pending.dma.hblank = 0;
diff --git a/gba/cpu/cpu.hpp b/gba/cpu/cpu.hpp
index 75d9dff7..33818a0c 100644
--- a/gba/cpu/cpu.hpp
+++ b/gba/cpu/cpu.hpp
@@ -12,15 +12,13 @@ struct CPU : Processor::ARM, Thread, MMIO {
   static auto Enter() -> void;
 
   auto main() -> void;
-  auto step(unsigned clocks) -> void;
+
+  auto step(unsigned clocks) -> void override;
+  auto bus_idle(uint32 addr) -> void override;
+  auto bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 override;
+  auto bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void override;
+
   auto sync_step(unsigned clocks) -> void;
-
-  auto bus_idle(uint32 addr) -> void;
-  auto bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32;
-  auto bus_load(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32;
-  auto bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void;
-  auto bus_store(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void;
-
   auto keypad_run() -> void;
   auto power() -> void;
 
diff --git a/gba/cpu/prefetch.cpp b/gba/cpu/prefetch.cpp
index 3bc48b68..ed3ee42a 100644
--- a/gba/cpu/prefetch.cpp
+++ b/gba/cpu/prefetch.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,43 @@
-auto CPU::prefetch_run() -> void {
-  if(prefetch.slots == 8) return;
-  prefetch.slots++;
+auto CPU::prefetch_stall() -> void {
+  prefetch.stalled = true;
 }
 
-auto CPU::prefetch_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size) -> maybe<uint32> {
-  if(prefetch.slots >= (size == Word ? 2 : 1)) {
-    prefetch.slots -= (size == Word ? 2 : 1);
-    return cartridge.read(addr, size);
+auto CPU::prefetch_start(uint32 addr) -> void {
+  prefetch.stalled = false;
+  prefetch.slots   = 0;
+  prefetch.input   = 0;
+  prefetch.output  = 0;
+  prefetch.addr    = addr;
+  prefetch.wait    = bus.wait(addr, Half, Nonsequential);
+}
+
+auto CPU::prefetch_step(unsigned clocks) -> void {
+  if(!regs.wait.control.prefetch || prefetch.stalled) return;
+
+  prefetch.wait -= clocks;
+  while(prefetch.wait <= 0) {
+    if(prefetch.slots < 8) {
+      prefetch.slot[prefetch.output++] = cartridge.read(prefetch.addr, Half);
+      prefetch.slots++;
+      prefetch.addr += 2;
+    }
+    prefetch.wait += bus.wait(prefetch.addr, Half, Sequential);
   }
-  prefetch.slots = 0;
-  return nothing;
+}
+
+auto CPU::prefetch_wait() -> void {
+  step(prefetch.wait);
+  prefetch_step(prefetch.wait);
 }
 
 auto CPU::prefetch_take() -> uint16 {
-  return 0;
+  if(prefetch.slots) {
+    step(1);
+    prefetch_step(1);
+  } else {
+    prefetch_wait();
+  }
+
+  prefetch.slots--;
+  return prefetch.slot[prefetch.input++];
 }
diff --git a/gba/cpu/prefetch.hpp b/gba/cpu/prefetch.hpp
index d4dd18d1..cd68acba 100644
--- a/gba/cpu/prefetch.hpp
+++ b/gba/cpu/prefetch.hpp
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 struct Prefetch {
-  struct Slot {
-    uint32 addr;
-    uint16 half;
-  } slot[8];
+  uint16 slot[8] = {0};
+  uint3 input = 0;
+  uint3 output = 0;
 
+  bool stalled = true;
   unsigned slots = 0;
+  signed wait = 0;
   uint32 addr = 0;
 } prefetch;
 
-auto prefetch_run() -> void;
-auto prefetch_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size) -> maybe<uint32>;
+auto prefetch_stall() -> void;
+auto prefetch_start(uint32 addr) -> void;
+auto prefetch_step(unsigned clocks) -> void;
+auto prefetch_wait() -> void;
 auto prefetch_take() -> uint16;
diff --git a/gba/cpu/registers.cpp b/gba/cpu/registers.cpp
index fff279ca..aebc7b99 100644
--- a/gba/cpu/registers.cpp
+++ b/gba/cpu/registers.cpp
@@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ auto CPU::Registers::WaitControl::operator=(uint16 source) -> uint16 {
   prefetch = (source >> 14) & 1;
   gametype = (source >> 15) & 1;
   swait[3] = nwait[3];
+
+  cpu.prefetch.stalled = true;
+
   return operator uint16();
 }
 
diff --git a/hiro/core/action/menu-radio-item.cpp b/hiro/core/action/menu-radio-item.cpp
index bd97c094..73fa34f3 100644
--- a/hiro/core/action/menu-radio-item.cpp
+++ b/hiro/core/action/menu-radio-item.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ auto mMenuRadioItem::setChecked() -> type& {
 auto mMenuRadioItem::setGroup(sGroup group) -> type& {
   state.group = group;
   signal(setGroup, group);
+  if(group && group->objects() == 1) setChecked();
   return *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/hiro/core/widget/radio-button.cpp b/hiro/core/widget/radio-button.cpp
index 4fdf1dc1..cab12ffd 100644
--- a/hiro/core/widget/radio-button.cpp
+++ b/hiro/core/widget/radio-button.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ auto mRadioButton::setChecked() -> type& {
 auto mRadioButton::setGroup(sGroup group) -> type& {
   state.group = group;
   signal(setGroup, group);
+  if(group && group->objects() == 1) setChecked();
   return *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/hiro/core/widget/radio-label.cpp b/hiro/core/widget/radio-label.cpp
index 503fe9d3..ecab7391 100644
--- a/hiro/core/widget/radio-label.cpp
+++ b/hiro/core/widget/radio-label.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ auto mRadioLabel::setChecked() -> type& {
 auto mRadioLabel::setGroup(sGroup group) -> type& {
   state.group = group;
   signal(setGroup, group);
+  if(group && group->objects() == 1) setChecked();
   return *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/processor/arm/arm.cpp b/processor/arm/arm.cpp
index 07e175f9..59656fd7 100644
--- a/processor/arm/arm.cpp
+++ b/processor/arm/arm.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ auto ARM::read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 {
 
 auto ARM::load(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 {
   if(processor.nonsequential) processor.nonsequential = false, mode = Nonsequential;
-  uint32 word = bus_load(addr, size, mode);
+  uint32 word = bus_read(addr, size, mode);
 
   if(size == Half) { word &= 0xffff; word |= word << 16; }
   if(size == Byte) { word &= 0xff; word |= word << 8; word |= word << 16; }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ auto ARM::store(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void {
   if(size == Byte) { word &= 0xff; word |= word << 8; word |= word << 16; }
 
   if(processor.nonsequential) processor.nonsequential = false, mode = Nonsequential;
-  bus_store(addr, size, mode, word);
+  bus_write(addr, size, mode, word);
   processor.nonsequential = true;
 }
 
diff --git a/processor/arm/arm.hpp b/processor/arm/arm.hpp
index 430a9d39..e9a93d15 100644
--- a/processor/arm/arm.hpp
+++ b/processor/arm/arm.hpp
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ struct ARM {
   virtual auto step(unsigned clocks) -> void = 0;
   virtual auto bus_idle(uint32 addr) -> void = 0;
   virtual auto bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 = 0;
-  virtual auto bus_load(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) -> uint32 = 0;
   virtual auto bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void = 0;
-  virtual auto bus_store(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) -> void = 0;
 
   //arm.cpp
   auto power() -> void;
diff --git a/processor/gsu/gsu.cpp b/processor/gsu/gsu.cpp
index ae9eb601..48281d21 100644
--- a/processor/gsu/gsu.cpp
+++ b/processor/gsu/gsu.cpp
@@ -1,27 +1,16 @@
 #include <processor/processor.hpp>
 #include "gsu.hpp"
 
+//note: multiplication results *may* sometimes be invalid when both CLSR and MS0 are set
+//the product of multiplication in this mode (21mhz + fast-multiply) has not been analyzed;
+//however, the timing of this mode has been confirmed to work as specified below
+
 namespace Processor {
 
 #include "instructions.cpp"
 #include "table.cpp"
 #include "serialization.cpp"
 
-//note: multiplication results *may* sometimes be invalid when both CLSR and MS0 are set
-//the product of multiplication in this mode (21mhz + fast-multiply) has not been analyzed;
-//however, the timing of this mode has been confirmed to work as specified below
-auto GSU::cache_access_speed() -> unsigned {
-  if(clockmode == 1) return 2;
-  if(clockmode == 2) return 1;
-  return regs.clsr ? 1 : 2;
-}
-
-auto GSU::memory_access_speed() -> unsigned {
-  if(clockmode == 1) return 6;
-  if(clockmode == 2) return 5;
-  return regs.clsr ? 5 : 6;
-}
-
 auto GSU::power() -> void {
 }
 
diff --git a/processor/gsu/gsu.hpp b/processor/gsu/gsu.hpp
index 54b29770..99b06beb 100644
--- a/processor/gsu/gsu.hpp
+++ b/processor/gsu/gsu.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 namespace Processor {
 
 struct GSU {
-  unsigned clockmode;  //0 = selectable; 1 = force 10.74mhz; 2 = force 21.48mhz
   #include "registers.hpp"
 
   virtual auto step(unsigned clocks) -> void = 0;
@@ -23,9 +22,6 @@ struct GSU {
   virtual auto cache_flush() -> void = 0;
 
   //gsu.cpp
-  auto cache_access_speed() -> unsigned;
-  auto memory_access_speed() -> unsigned;
-
   auto power() -> void;
   auto reset() -> void;
 
diff --git a/processor/gsu/instructions.cpp b/processor/gsu/instructions.cpp
index aafe78de..4a525ea8 100644
--- a/processor/gsu/instructions.cpp
+++ b/processor/gsu/instructions.cpp
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ auto GSU::op_mult_r() {
   regs.sfr.s = (regs.dr() & 0x8000);
   regs.sfr.z = (regs.dr() == 0);
   regs.reset();
-  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(cache_access_speed());
+  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(regs.clsr ? 1 : 2);
 }
 
 //$80-8f(alt1): umult rN
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ auto GSU::op_umult_r() {
   regs.sfr.s = (regs.dr() & 0x8000);
   regs.sfr.z = (regs.dr() == 0);
   regs.reset();
-  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(cache_access_speed());
+  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(regs.clsr ? 1 : 2);
 }
 
 //$80-8f(alt2): mult #N
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ auto GSU::op_mult_i() {
   regs.sfr.s = (regs.dr() & 0x8000);
   regs.sfr.z = (regs.dr() == 0);
   regs.reset();
-  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(cache_access_speed());
+  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(regs.clsr ? 1 : 2);
 }
 
 //$80-8f(alt3): umult #N
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ auto GSU::op_umult_i() {
   regs.sfr.s = (regs.dr() & 0x8000);
   regs.sfr.z = (regs.dr() == 0);
   regs.reset();
-  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(cache_access_speed());
+  if(!regs.cfgr.ms0) step(regs.clsr ? 1 : 2);
 }
 
 //$90: sbk
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ auto GSU::op_fmult() {
   regs.sfr.cy = (result & 0x8000);
   regs.sfr.z  = (regs.dr() == 0);
   regs.reset();
-  step(4 + (regs.cfgr.ms0 << 2));
+  step((regs.cfgr.ms0 ? 3 : 7) * (regs.clsr ? 1 : 2));
 }
 
 //$9f(alt1): lmult
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ auto GSU::op_lmult() {
   regs.sfr.cy = (result & 0x8000);
   regs.sfr.z  = (regs.dr() == 0);
   regs.reset();
-  step(4 + (regs.cfgr.ms0 << 2));
+  step((regs.cfgr.ms0 ? 3 : 7) * (regs.clsr ? 1 : 2));
 }
 
 //$a0-af(alt0): ibt rN,#pp
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ auto GSU::op_getc() {
 //$df(alt2): ramb
 auto GSU::op_ramb() {
   rambuffer_sync();
-  regs.rambr = regs.sr();
+  regs.rambr = regs.sr() & 0x01;
   regs.reset();
 }
 
diff --git a/processor/gsu/registers.hpp b/processor/gsu/registers.hpp
index fcff3d6f..29268787 100644
--- a/processor/gsu/registers.hpp
+++ b/processor/gsu/registers.hpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ struct reg16_t {
 
   inline auto operator   = (const reg16_t& i) { return assign(i); }
 
+  reg16_t() = default;
   reg16_t(const reg16_t&) = delete;
 };
 
diff --git a/processor/gsu/serialization.cpp b/processor/gsu/serialization.cpp
index 169602cd..e688231e 100644
--- a/processor/gsu/serialization.cpp
+++ b/processor/gsu/serialization.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 auto GSU::serialize(serializer& s) -> void {
-  s.integer(clockmode);
-
   s.integer(regs.pipeline);
   s.integer(regs.ramaddr);
 
diff --git a/sfc/chip/armdsp/armdsp.hpp b/sfc/chip/armdsp/armdsp.hpp
index dca0ef44..30ca130f 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/armdsp/armdsp.hpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/armdsp/armdsp.hpp
@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@ struct ArmDSP : Processor::ARM, Coprocessor {
   static void Enter();
   void enter();
 
-  void step(unsigned clocks);
-  void bus_idle(uint32 addr);
-  uint32 bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode);
-  uint32 bus_load(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode);
-  void bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word);
-  void bus_store(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word);
+  void step(unsigned clocks) override;
+  void bus_idle(uint32 addr) override;
+  uint32 bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) override;
+  void bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) override;
 
   uint8 mmio_read(unsigned addr);
   void mmio_write(unsigned addr, uint8 data);
diff --git a/sfc/chip/armdsp/memory.cpp b/sfc/chip/armdsp/memory.cpp
index 6e6a6969..8a57d6ca 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/armdsp/memory.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/armdsp/memory.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #ifdef ARMDSP_CPP
 
+//note: timings are completely unverified
+//due to the ST018 chip design (on-die ROM), testing is nearly impossible
+
 void ArmDSP::bus_idle(uint32 addr) {
   step(1);
 }
@@ -44,10 +47,6 @@ uint32 ArmDSP::bus_read(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) {
   return 0u;
 }
 
-uint32 ArmDSP::bus_load(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode) {
-  return bus_read(addr, size, mode);
-}
-
 void ArmDSP::bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) {
   step(1);
 
@@ -102,8 +101,4 @@ void ArmDSP::bus_write(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) {
   }
 }
 
-void ArmDSP::bus_store(uint32 addr, uint32 size, bool mode, uint32 word) {
-  return bus_write(addr, size, mode, word);
-}
-
 #endif
diff --git a/sfc/chip/event/event.cpp b/sfc/chip/event/event.cpp
index 5ffae110..300167a6 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/event/event.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/event/event.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ void Event::submitScore() {
     data.append("ba:", ba[0], ",", ba[1], "\n");
   }
 
-  lstring side = interface->server().split<1>("@");
+/*lstring side = interface->server().split<1>("@");
   string username = side(0).split<1>(":")(0);
   string password = side(0).split<1>(":")(1);
   side(1).ltrim("http://");
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void Event::submitScore() {
   string hostport = side(1);
   if(hostport.empty()) hostport = "80";
 
-/*http server;
+  http server;
   if(server.connect(hostname, decimal(hostport))) {
     string content = {
       "username:", username, "\n",
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/core/core.cpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/core/core.cpp
index 66b136e9..670aa25f 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/core/core.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/core/core.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ auto SuperFX::rpix(uint8 x, uint8 y) -> uint8 {
 
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < bpp; n++) {
     unsigned byte = ((n >> 1) << 4) + (n & 1);  // = [n]{ 0, 1, 16, 17, 32, 33, 48, 49 };
-    step(memory_access_speed());
+    step(regs.clsr ? 5 : 6);
     data |= ((bus_read(addr + byte) >> x) & 1) << n;
   }
 
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ auto SuperFX::pixelcache_flush(pixelcache_t& cache) -> void {
     uint8 data = 0x00;
     for(unsigned x = 0; x < 8; x++) data |= ((cache.data[x] >> n) & 1) << x;
     if(cache.bitpend != 0xff) {
-      step(memory_access_speed());
+      step(regs.clsr ? 5 : 6);
       data &= cache.bitpend;
       data |= bus_read(addr + byte) & ~cache.bitpend;
     }
-    step(memory_access_speed());
+    step(regs.clsr ? 5 : 6);
     bus_write(addr + byte, data);
   }
 
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/memory/memory.cpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/memory/memory.cpp
index 3a993872..83ba6214 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/memory/memory.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/memory/memory.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ auto SuperFX::op_read(uint16 addr) -> uint8 {
       unsigned dp = offset & 0xfff0;
       unsigned sp = (regs.pbr << 16) + ((regs.cbr + dp) & 0xfff0);
       for(unsigned n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
-        step(memory_access_speed());
+        step(regs.clsr ? 5 : 6);
         cache.buffer[dp++] = bus_read(sp++);
       }
       cache.valid[offset >> 4] = true;
     } else {
-      step(cache_access_speed());
+      step(regs.clsr ? 1 : 2);
     }
     return cache.buffer[offset];
   }
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ auto SuperFX::op_read(uint16 addr) -> uint8 {
   if(regs.pbr <= 0x5f) {
     //$[00-5f]:[0000-ffff] ROM
     rombuffer_sync();
-    step(memory_access_speed());
+    step(regs.clsr ? 5 : 6);
     return bus_read((regs.pbr << 16) + addr);
   } else {
     //$[60-7f]:[0000-ffff] RAM
     rambuffer_sync();
-    step(memory_access_speed());
+    step(regs.clsr ? 5 : 6);
     return bus_read((regs.pbr << 16) + addr);
   }
 }
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/mmio/mmio.cpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/mmio/mmio.cpp
index a5d7c008..920b44aa 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/mmio/mmio.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/mmio/mmio.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ auto SuperFX::mmio_write(unsigned addr, uint8 data) -> void {
   } break;
 
   case 0x3033: {
-    regs.bramr = data;
+    regs.bramr = data & 0x01;
   } break;
 
   case 0x3034: {
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ auto SuperFX::mmio_write(unsigned addr, uint8 data) -> void {
   } break;
 
   case 0x3039: {
-    regs.clsr = data;
+    regs.clsr = data & 0x01;
   } break;
 
   case 0x303a: {
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/serialization.cpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/serialization.cpp
index edffca98..6dda7da8 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/serialization.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/serialization.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ auto SuperFX::serialize(serializer& s) -> void {
   Thread::serialize(s);
 
   s.array(ram.data(), ram.size());
-  s.integer(instruction_counter);
   s.integer(r15_modified);
 }
 
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.cpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.cpp
index fd2aa4a6..e339312d 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.cpp
@@ -25,17 +25,12 @@ auto SuperFX::enter() -> void {
 
     if(regs.sfr.g == 0) {
       step(6);
-      synchronize_cpu();
       continue;
     }
 
-    (this->*opcode_table[(regs.sfr & 0x0300) + peekpipe()])();
+    unsigned opcode = (regs.sfr & 0x0300) + peekpipe();
+    (this->*opcode_table[opcode])();
     if(r15_modified == false) regs.r[15]++;
-
-    if(++instruction_counter >= 128) {
-      instruction_counter = 0;
-      synchronize_cpu();
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +55,6 @@ auto SuperFX::power() -> void {
 auto SuperFX::reset() -> void {
   GSU::reset();
   create(SuperFX::Enter, system.cpu_frequency());
-  instruction_counter = 0;
   memory_reset();
   timing_reset();
 }
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.hpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.hpp
index 96529a06..c40e0cfe 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.hpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/superfx.hpp
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ struct SuperFX : Processor::GSU, Coprocessor {
 
   //serialization.cpp
   auto serialize(serializer&) -> void;
-
-privileged:
-  unsigned instruction_counter = 0;
 };
 
 extern SuperFX superfx;
diff --git a/sfc/chip/superfx/timing/timing.cpp b/sfc/chip/superfx/timing/timing.cpp
index ab68e79b..4fc8f8b2 100644
--- a/sfc/chip/superfx/timing/timing.cpp
+++ b/sfc/chip/superfx/timing/timing.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ auto SuperFX::rombuffer_sync() -> void {
 
 auto SuperFX::rombuffer_update() -> void {
   regs.sfr.r = 1;
-  regs.romcl = memory_access_speed();
+  regs.romcl = regs.clsr ? 5 : 6;
 }
 
 auto SuperFX::rombuffer_read() -> uint8 {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ auto SuperFX::rambuffer_read(uint16 addr) -> uint8 {
 
 auto SuperFX::rambuffer_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) -> void {
   rambuffer_sync();
-  regs.ramcl = memory_access_speed();
+  regs.ramcl = regs.clsr ? 5 : 6;
   regs.ramar = addr;
   regs.ramdr = data;
 }