diff --git a/higan/GNUmakefile b/higan/GNUmakefile
index f195426e..ab9565dc 100644
--- a/higan/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
 include ../nall/GNUmakefile
 
-fc  := fc
-sfc := sfc
-gb  := gb
-gba := gba
-ws  := ws
-
-profile := accuracy
 target := tomoko
 # target := loki
+profile := accuracy
 # console := true
 
 flags += -I. -I.. -O3
diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 56f07a27..22629d61 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "097.18";
+  static const string Version = "097.19";
   static const string Author = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "http://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/fc/GNUmakefile b/higan/fc/GNUmakefile
index d9ad3864..1034c3cb 100644
--- a/higan/fc/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/fc/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 processors += r6502
 
-fc_objects := fc-interface fc-system fc-scheduler fc-input
-fc_objects += fc-memory fc-cartridge fc-cpu fc-apu fc-ppu
-fc_objects += fc-cheat
-objects += $(fc_objects)
+objects += fc-interface fc-system fc-scheduler fc-input
+objects += fc-memory fc-cartridge fc-cpu fc-apu fc-ppu
+objects += fc-cheat
 
-obj/fc-interface.o: $(fc)/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/interface/)
-obj/fc-system.o: $(fc)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/system/)
-obj/fc-scheduler.o: $(fc)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/scheduler/)
-obj/fc-input.o: $(fc)/input/input.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/input/)
-obj/fc-memory.o: $(fc)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/memory/)
-obj/fc-cartridge.o: $(fc)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/cartridge/)
-obj/fc-cpu.o: $(fc)/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/cpu/)
-obj/fc-apu.o: $(fc)/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/apu/)
-obj/fc-ppu.o: $(fc)/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/ppu/)
-obj/fc-cheat.o: $(fc)/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(fc)/cheat/)
+obj/fc-interface.o: fc/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/interface/)
+obj/fc-system.o:    fc/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/system/)
+obj/fc-scheduler.o: fc/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/scheduler/)
+obj/fc-input.o:     fc/input/input.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/input/)
+obj/fc-memory.o:    fc/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/memory/)
+obj/fc-cartridge.o: fc/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/cartridge/)
+obj/fc-cpu.o:       fc/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/cpu/)
+obj/fc-apu.o:       fc/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/apu/)
+obj/fc-ppu.o:       fc/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/ppu/)
+obj/fc-cheat.o:     fc/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,fc/cheat/)
diff --git a/higan/fc/ppu/ppu.cpp b/higan/fc/ppu/ppu.cpp
index 6bcb4915..403ecb2a 100644
--- a/higan/fc/ppu/ppu.cpp
+++ b/higan/fc/ppu/ppu.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ auto PPU::read(uint16 addr) -> uint8 {
     break;
   case 4:  //OAMDATA
     result = oam[status.oam_addr];
-    if((status.oam_addr & 3) == 3) result &= 0xe3;
     break;
   case 7:  //PPUDATA
     if(raster_enable() && (status.ly <= 240 || status.ly == 261)) return 0x00;
@@ -161,6 +160,7 @@ auto PPU::write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) -> void {
     status.oam_addr = data;
     return;
   case 4:  //OAMDATA
+    if(status.oam_addr.bits(0,1) == 2) data.bits(2,4) = 0;  //clear non-existent bits (always read back as 0)
     oam[status.oam_addr++] = data;
     return;
   case 5:  //PPUSCROLL
diff --git a/higan/gb/GNUmakefile b/higan/gb/GNUmakefile
index 34110715..7b3ded9a 100644
--- a/higan/gb/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/gb/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 processors += lr35902
 
-gb_objects := gb-interface gb-system gb-scheduler
-gb_objects += gb-memory gb-cartridge
-gb_objects += gb-cpu gb-ppu gb-apu
-gb_objects += gb-cheat
-objects += $(gb_objects)
+objects += gb-interface gb-system gb-scheduler
+objects += gb-memory gb-cartridge
+objects += gb-cpu gb-ppu gb-apu
+objects += gb-cheat
 
-obj/gb-interface.o: $(gb)/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/interface/)
-obj/gb-system.o:    $(gb)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/system/)
-obj/gb-scheduler.o: $(gb)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/scheduler/)
-obj/gb-cartridge.o: $(gb)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/cartridge/)
-obj/gb-memory.o:    $(gb)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/memory/)
-obj/gb-cpu.o:       $(gb)/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/cpu/)
-obj/gb-ppu.o:       $(gb)/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/ppu/)
-obj/gb-apu.o:       $(gb)/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/apu/)
-obj/gb-cheat.o:     $(gb)/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gb)/cheat/)
+obj/gb-interface.o: gb/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/interface/)
+obj/gb-system.o:    gb/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/system/)
+obj/gb-scheduler.o: gb/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/scheduler/)
+obj/gb-cartridge.o: gb/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/cartridge/)
+obj/gb-memory.o:    gb/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/memory/)
+obj/gb-cpu.o:       gb/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/cpu/)
+obj/gb-ppu.o:       gb/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/ppu/)
+obj/gb-apu.o:       gb/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/apu/)
+obj/gb-cheat.o:     gb/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,gb/cheat/)
diff --git a/higan/gba/GNUmakefile b/higan/gba/GNUmakefile
index 16b0e0e7..a47fbcd9 100644
--- a/higan/gba/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/gba/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 processors += arm
 
-gba_objects := gba-memory gba-interface gba-scheduler gba-system
-gba_objects += gba-cartridge gba-player
-gba_objects += gba-cpu gba-ppu gba-apu
-objects += $(gba_objects)
+objects += gba-memory gba-interface gba-scheduler gba-system
+objects += gba-cartridge gba-player
+objects += gba-cpu gba-ppu gba-apu
 
-obj/gba-memory.o:    $(gba)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/memory)
-obj/gba-interface.o: $(gba)/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/interface)
-obj/gba-scheduler.o: $(gba)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/scheduler)
-obj/gba-system.o:    $(gba)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/system)
-obj/gba-cartridge.o: $(gba)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/cartridge)
-obj/gba-player.o:    $(gba)/player/player.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/player)
-obj/gba-cpu.o:       $(gba)/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/cpu)
-obj/gba-ppu.o:       $(gba)/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/ppu)
-obj/gba-apu.o:       $(gba)/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gba)/apu)
+obj/gba-memory.o:    gba/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/memory)
+obj/gba-interface.o: gba/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/interface)
+obj/gba-scheduler.o: gba/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/scheduler)
+obj/gba-system.o:    gba/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/system)
+obj/gba-cartridge.o: gba/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/cartridge)
+obj/gba-player.o:    gba/player/player.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/player)
+obj/gba-cpu.o:       gba/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/cpu)
+obj/gba-ppu.o:       gba/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/ppu)
+obj/gba-apu.o:       gba/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,gba/apu)
diff --git a/higan/processor/GNUmakefile b/higan/processor/GNUmakefile
index 9d9a9ab7..a8cb67dd 100644
--- a/higan/processor/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/processor/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
-processor_objects :=
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring arm,$(processors)),processor-arm)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring gsu,$(processors)),processor-gsu)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring hg51b,$(processors)),processor-hg51b)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring lr35902,$(processors)),processor-lr35902)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring r6502,$(processors)),processor-r6502)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring r65816,$(processors)),processor-r65816)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring spc700,$(processors)),processor-spc700)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring upd96050,$(processors)),processor-upd96050)
-processor_objects += $(if $(findstring v30mz,$(processors)),processor-v30mz)
-objects += $(processor_objects)
+processors := $(call unique,$(processors))
 
-processor := processor
-obj/processor-arm.o:      $(processor)/arm/arm.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/arm)
-obj/processor-gsu.o:      $(processor)/gsu/gsu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/gsu)
-obj/processor-hg51b.o:    $(processor)/hg51b/hg51b.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/hg51b)
-obj/processor-lr35902.o:  $(processor)/lr35902/lr35902.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/lr35902)
-obj/processor-r6502.o:    $(processor)/r6502/r6502.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/r6502)
-obj/processor-r65816.o:   $(processor)/r65816/r65816.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/r65816)
-obj/processor-spc700.o:   $(processor)/spc700/spc700.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/spc700)
-obj/processor-upd96050.o: $(processor)/upd96050/upd96050.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/upd96050)
-obj/processor-v30mz.o:    $(processor)/v30mz/v30mz.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(processor)/v30mz)
+objects += $(if $(findstring arm,$(processors)),processor-arm)
+objects += $(if $(findstring gsu,$(processors)),processor-gsu)
+objects += $(if $(findstring hg51b,$(processors)),processor-hg51b)
+objects += $(if $(findstring lr35902,$(processors)),processor-lr35902)
+objects += $(if $(findstring r6502,$(processors)),processor-r6502)
+objects += $(if $(findstring r65816,$(processors)),processor-r65816)
+objects += $(if $(findstring spc700,$(processors)),processor-spc700)
+objects += $(if $(findstring upd96050,$(processors)),processor-upd96050)
+objects += $(if $(findstring v30mz,$(processors)),processor-v30mz)
+
+obj/processor-arm.o:      processor/arm/arm.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/arm)
+obj/processor-gsu.o:      processor/gsu/gsu.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/gsu)
+obj/processor-hg51b.o:    processor/hg51b/hg51b.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/hg51b)
+obj/processor-lr35902.o:  processor/lr35902/lr35902.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/lr35902)
+obj/processor-r6502.o:    processor/r6502/r6502.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/r6502)
+obj/processor-r65816.o:   processor/r65816/r65816.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/r65816)
+obj/processor-spc700.o:   processor/spc700/spc700.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/spc700)
+obj/processor-upd96050.o: processor/upd96050/upd96050.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/upd96050)
+obj/processor-v30mz.o:    processor/v30mz/v30mz.cpp $(call rwildcard,processor/v30mz)
diff --git a/higan/sfc/GNUmakefile b/higan/sfc/GNUmakefile
index b5c4488d..8adba23d 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/sfc/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,75 +1,74 @@
 processors += r65816 spc700 arm gsu hg51b upd96050
 
-sfc_objects := sfc-interface sfc-system sfc-scheduler sfc-controller
-sfc_objects += sfc-cartridge sfc-cheat
-sfc_objects += sfc-memory sfc-cpu sfc-smp sfc-dsp sfc-ppu
-sfc_objects += sfc-satellaview sfc-eboot
-sfc_objects += sfc-icd2 sfc-mcc sfc-nss sfc-event
-sfc_objects += sfc-sa1 sfc-superfx
-sfc_objects += sfc-armdsp sfc-hitachidsp sfc-necdsp
-sfc_objects += sfc-epsonrtc sfc-sharprtc
-sfc_objects += sfc-spc7110 sfc-sdd1 sfc-obc1
-sfc_objects += sfc-msu1
-sfc_objects += sfc-bsmemory sfc-sufamiturbo
-objects += $(sfc_objects)
+objects += sfc-interface sfc-system sfc-scheduler sfc-controller
+objects += sfc-cartridge sfc-cheat
+objects += sfc-memory sfc-cpu sfc-smp sfc-dsp sfc-ppu
+objects += sfc-satellaview sfc-eboot
+objects += sfc-icd2 sfc-mcc sfc-nss sfc-event
+objects += sfc-sa1 sfc-superfx
+objects += sfc-armdsp sfc-hitachidsp sfc-necdsp
+objects += sfc-epsonrtc sfc-sharprtc
+objects += sfc-spc7110 sfc-sdd1 sfc-obc1
+objects += sfc-msu1
+objects += sfc-bsmemory sfc-sufamiturbo
 
 ifeq ($(profile),accuracy)
   flags += -DPROFILE_ACCURACY
-  sfccpu := $(sfc)/cpu
-  sfcsmp := $(sfc)/smp
-  sfcdsp := $(sfc)/dsp
-  sfcppu := $(sfc)/ppu
+  sfccpu := cpu
+  sfcsmp := smp
+  sfcdsp := dsp
+  sfcppu := ppu
 else ifeq ($(profile),balanced)
   flags += -DPROFILE_BALANCED
-  sfccpu := $(sfc)/cpu
-  sfcsmp := $(sfc)/smp
-  sfcdsp := $(sfc)/alt/dsp
-  sfcppu := $(sfc)/alt/ppu-balanced
+  sfccpu := cpu
+  sfcsmp := smp
+  sfcdsp := alt/dsp
+  sfcppu := alt/ppu-balanced
 else ifeq ($(profile),performance)
   flags += -DPROFILE_PERFORMANCE
-  sfccpu := $(sfc)/alt/cpu
-  sfcsmp := $(sfc)/alt/smp
-  sfcdsp := $(sfc)/alt/dsp
-  sfcppu := $(sfc)/alt/ppu-performance
+  sfccpu := alt/cpu
+  sfcsmp := alt/smp
+  sfcdsp := alt/dsp
+  sfcppu := alt/ppu-performance
 else
-  $(error unknown Super Famicom profile)
+  $(error "unknown Super Famicom profile")
 endif
 
-obj/sfc-interface.o:   $(sfc)/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/interface)
-obj/sfc-system.o:      $(sfc)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/system/)
-obj/sfc-scheduler.o:   $(sfc)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/scheduler/)
-obj/sfc-controller.o:  $(sfc)/controller/controller.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/controller/)
-obj/sfc-cartridge.o:   $(sfc)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/cartridge/)
-obj/sfc-cheat.o:       $(sfc)/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/cheat/)
-obj/sfc-memory.o:      $(sfc)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/memory/)
-obj/sfc-cpu.o:         $(sfccpu)/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfccpu)/)
-obj/sfc-smp.o:         $(sfcsmp)/smp.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfcsmp)/)
-obj/sfc-dsp.o:         $(sfcdsp)/dsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfcdsp)/)
-obj/sfc-ppu.o:         $(sfcppu)/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfcppu)/)
+obj/sfc-interface.o:   sfc/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/interface)
+obj/sfc-system.o:      sfc/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/system/)
+obj/sfc-scheduler.o:   sfc/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/scheduler/)
+obj/sfc-controller.o:  sfc/controller/controller.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/controller/)
+obj/sfc-cartridge.o:   sfc/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/cartridge/)
+obj/sfc-cheat.o:       sfc/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/cheat/)
+obj/sfc-memory.o:      sfc/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/memory/)
+obj/sfc-cpu.o:         sfc/$(sfccpu)/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/$(sfccpu)/)
+obj/sfc-smp.o:         sfc/$(sfcsmp)/smp.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/$(sfcsmp)/)
+obj/sfc-dsp.o:         sfc/$(sfcdsp)/dsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/$(sfcdsp)/)
+obj/sfc-ppu.o:         sfc/$(sfcppu)/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/$(sfcppu)/)
 
-obj/sfc-satellaview.o: $(sfc)/expansion/satellaview/satellaview.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/expansion/satellaview/)
-obj/sfc-eboot.o:       $(sfc)/expansion/eboot/eboot.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/expansion/eboot/)
+obj/sfc-satellaview.o: sfc/expansion/satellaview/satellaview.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/expansion/satellaview/)
+obj/sfc-eboot.o:       sfc/expansion/eboot/eboot.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/expansion/eboot/)
 
-obj/sfc-icd2.o:        $(sfc)/coprocessor/icd2/icd2.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/icd2/)
-obj/sfc-mcc.o:         $(sfc)/coprocessor/mcc/mcc.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/mcc/)
-obj/sfc-nss.o:         $(sfc)/coprocessor/nss/nss.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/nss/)
-obj/sfc-event.o:       $(sfc)/coprocessor/event/event.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/event/)
+obj/sfc-icd2.o:        sfc/coprocessor/icd2/icd2.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/icd2/)
+obj/sfc-mcc.o:         sfc/coprocessor/mcc/mcc.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/mcc/)
+obj/sfc-nss.o:         sfc/coprocessor/nss/nss.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/nss/)
+obj/sfc-event.o:       sfc/coprocessor/event/event.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/event/)
 
-obj/sfc-sa1.o:         $(sfc)/coprocessor/sa1/sa1.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/sa1/)
-obj/sfc-superfx.o:     $(sfc)/coprocessor/superfx/superfx.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/superfx/)
+obj/sfc-sa1.o:         sfc/coprocessor/sa1/sa1.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/sa1/)
+obj/sfc-superfx.o:     sfc/coprocessor/superfx/superfx.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/superfx/)
 
-obj/sfc-armdsp.o:      $(sfc)/coprocessor/armdsp/armdsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/armdsp/)
-obj/sfc-hitachidsp.o:  $(sfc)/coprocessor/hitachidsp/hitachidsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/hitachidsp/)
-obj/sfc-necdsp.o:      $(sfc)/coprocessor/necdsp/necdsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/necdsp/)
+obj/sfc-armdsp.o:      sfc/coprocessor/armdsp/armdsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/armdsp/)
+obj/sfc-hitachidsp.o:  sfc/coprocessor/hitachidsp/hitachidsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/hitachidsp/)
+obj/sfc-necdsp.o:      sfc/coprocessor/necdsp/necdsp.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/necdsp/)
 
-obj/sfc-epsonrtc.o:    $(sfc)/coprocessor/epsonrtc/epsonrtc.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/epsonrtc/)
-obj/sfc-sharprtc.o:    $(sfc)/coprocessor/sharprtc/sharprtc.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/sharprtc/)
+obj/sfc-epsonrtc.o:    sfc/coprocessor/epsonrtc/epsonrtc.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/epsonrtc/)
+obj/sfc-sharprtc.o:    sfc/coprocessor/sharprtc/sharprtc.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/sharprtc/)
 
-obj/sfc-spc7110.o:     $(sfc)/coprocessor/spc7110/spc7110.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/spc7110/)
-obj/sfc-sdd1.o:        $(sfc)/coprocessor/sdd1/sdd1.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/sdd1/)
-obj/sfc-obc1.o:        $(sfc)/coprocessor/obc1/obc1.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/obc1/)
+obj/sfc-spc7110.o:     sfc/coprocessor/spc7110/spc7110.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/spc7110/)
+obj/sfc-sdd1.o:        sfc/coprocessor/sdd1/sdd1.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/sdd1/)
+obj/sfc-obc1.o:        sfc/coprocessor/obc1/obc1.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/obc1/)
 
-obj/sfc-msu1.o:        $(sfc)/coprocessor/msu1/msu1.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/coprocessor/msu1/)
+obj/sfc-msu1.o:        sfc/coprocessor/msu1/msu1.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/coprocessor/msu1/)
 
-obj/sfc-bsmemory.o:    $(sfc)/slot/bsmemory/bsmemory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/slot/bsmemory/)
-obj/sfc-sufamiturbo.o: $(sfc)/slot/sufamiturbo/sufamiturbo.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(sfc)/slot/sufamiturbo/)
+obj/sfc-bsmemory.o:    sfc/slot/bsmemory/bsmemory.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/slot/bsmemory/)
+obj/sfc-sufamiturbo.o: sfc/slot/sufamiturbo/sufamiturbo.cpp $(call rwildcard,sfc/slot/sufamiturbo/)
diff --git a/higan/sfc/system/device.hpp b/higan/sfc/system/device.hpp
index c5a51280..965353e2 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/system/device.hpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/system/device.hpp
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 struct Device {
+  enum class Port : uint {
+    Controller1,
+    Controller2,
+    Expansion,
+  };
+
   enum class ID : uint {
     None,
 
diff --git a/higan/target-loki/GNUmakefile b/higan/target-loki/GNUmakefile
index 72c94d56..9325234b 100644
--- a/higan/target-loki/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/target-loki/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 name := loki
+flags += -DDEBUGGER
 
 include sfc/GNUmakefile
 include processor/GNUmakefile
diff --git a/higan/target-loki/program/interface.cpp b/higan/target-loki/program/interface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e4e9820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/higan/target-loki/program/interface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+auto Program::loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> void {
+  string location = BrowserDialog()
+  .setTitle({"Load ", name})
+  .setPath({userpath(), "Emulation/", name})
+  .setFilters({string{name, "|*.", type}})
+  .openFolder();
+  if(!directory::exists(location)) return;
+
+  mediaPaths(id) = location;
+  folderPaths.append(location);
+  emulator->load(id);
+}
+
+auto Program::loadRequest(uint id, string filename, bool required) -> void {
+  string pathname = mediaPaths(emulator->group(id));
+  string location = {pathname, filename};
+
+  if(filename == "manifest.bml" && pathname && !pathname.endsWith("sys/")) {
+    if(!file::exists(location)) {
+      if(auto manifest = execute("icarus", "--manifest", pathname)) {
+        memorystream stream{(const uint8_t*)manifest.data(), manifest.size()};
+        return emulator->load(id, stream);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(file::exists(location)) {
+    mmapstream stream{location};
+    return emulator->load(id, stream);
+  }
+
+  if(required) MessageDialog().setTitle("loki").setText({
+    "Missing required file: ", nall::filename(location), "\n\n",
+    "From location:\n", nall::pathname(location)
+  }).error();
+}
+
+auto Program::saveRequest(uint id, string filename) -> void {
+  string pathname = mediaPaths(emulator->group(id));
+  string location = {pathname, filename};
+
+//filestream stream{location, file::mode::write};
+//return emulator->save(id, stream);
+}
+
+auto Program::videoRefresh(const uint32* data, uint pitch, uint width, uint height) -> void {
+  uint32_t* output;
+  uint length;
+
+  if(video->lock(output, length, width, height)) {
+    pitch >>= 2, length >>= 2;
+
+    for(auto y : range(height)) {
+      memory::copy(output + y * length, data + y * pitch, width * sizeof(uint32));
+    }
+
+    video->unlock();
+    video->refresh();
+  }
+}
+
+auto Program::audioSample(int16 left, int16 right) -> void {
+  int samples[] = {left, right};
+  dsp.sample(samples);
+  while(dsp.pending()) {
+    dsp.read(samples);
+    audio->sample(samples[0], samples[1]);
+  }
+}
+
+auto Program::inputPoll(uint port, uint device, uint input) -> int16 {
+  if(!presentation->focused()) return 0;
+
+  shared_pointer<HID::Keyboard> keyboard;
+  for(auto& device : devices) {
+    if(device->isKeyboard()) {
+      keyboard = device;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(port == (uint)SFC::Device::Port::Controller1) {
+    if(device == (uint)SFC::Device::ID::Gamepad) {
+      #define map(id, name) \
+        case id: \
+          if(auto code = keyboard->buttons().find(name)) { \
+            return keyboard->buttons().input(*code).value(); \
+          } \
+          break; \
+
+      switch(input) {
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Up, "Up");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Down, "Down");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Left, "Left");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Right, "Right");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::B, "Z");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::A, "X");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Y, "A");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::X, "S");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::L, "D");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::R, "C");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Select, "Apostrophe");
+        map(SFC::Gamepad::Start, "Return");
+      }
+
+      #undef map
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+auto Program::inputRumble(uint port, uint device, uint input, bool enable) -> void {
+}
+
+auto Program::dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+auto Program::path(uint group) -> string {
+  return mediaPaths(group);
+}
+
+auto Program::notify(string text) -> void {
+}
diff --git a/higan/target-loki/program/media.cpp b/higan/target-loki/program/media.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9f0ef59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/higan/target-loki/program/media.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+auto Program::loadMedia(string location) -> void {
+  location.transform("\\", "/");
+  if(!location.endsWith("/")) location.append("/");
+  if(!directory::exists(location)) return;
+
+  string type = suffixname(location).ltrim(".", 1L);
+  for(auto& media : emulator->media) {
+    if(!media.bootable) continue;
+    if(media.type != type) continue;
+    return loadMedia(media, location);
+  }
+}
+
+auto Program::loadMedia(Emulator::Interface::Media& media, string location) -> void {
+  unloadMedia();
+
+  mediaPaths(0) = locate({media.name, ".sys/"});
+  mediaPaths(media.id) = location;
+  folderPaths.append(location);
+
+  emulator->set("Blur Emulation", false);
+  emulator->set("Color Emulation", false);
+  emulator->set("Scanline Emulation", false);
+
+  emulator->connect((uint)SFC::Device::Port::Controller1, (uint)SFC::Device::ID::Gamepad);
+  emulator->connect((uint)SFC::Device::Port::Controller2, (uint)SFC::Device::ID::None);
+  emulator->connect((uint)SFC::Device::Port::Expansion,   (uint)SFC::Device::ID::None);
+
+  emulator->load(media.id);
+  emulator->power();
+
+  dsp.setResampler(DSP::ResampleEngine::Sinc);
+  dsp.setResamplerFrequency(96000.0);
+  double inputRatio = emulator->audioFrequency() / emulator->videoFrequency();
+  double outputRatio = 96000.0 / 60.0;
+  dsp.setFrequency(inputRatio / outputRatio * 96000.0);
+
+  presentation->setTitle(emulator->title());
+}
+
+auto Program::unloadMedia() -> void {
+  if(!emulator->loaded()) return;
+
+  emulator->unload();
+  mediaPaths.reset();
+  folderPaths.reset();
+
+  presentation->setTitle("");
+}
diff --git a/higan/target-loki/program/program.cpp b/higan/target-loki/program/program.cpp
index 7b828b6e..919c8168 100644
--- a/higan/target-loki/program/program.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-loki/program/program.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include "../loki.hpp"
+#include "interface.cpp"
+#include "media.cpp"
 unique_pointer<Program> program;
 
 Program::Program(lstring args) {
@@ -29,15 +31,28 @@ Program::Program(lstring args) {
   if(!input->init()) input = Input::create("None");
 
   presentation->drawSplashScreen();
-}
 
-auto Program::load(string location) -> void {
+  string location = args(1, "");
+  if(!directory::exists(location)) location = {  //quick testing hack
+    userpath(), "Emulation/Super Famicom/",
+    "Legend of Zelda - A Link to the Past, The (USA) (1.0).sfc/"
+  };
+
+  if(directory::exists(location)) loadMedia(location);
 }
 
 auto Program::main() -> void {
+  if(!emulator->loaded()) {
+    usleep(20 * 1000);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  devices = input->poll();
+  emulator->run();
 }
 
 auto Program::quit() -> void {
+  unloadMedia();
   video.reset();
   audio.reset();
   input.reset();
diff --git a/higan/target-loki/program/program.hpp b/higan/target-loki/program/program.hpp
index df79039e..9f175160 100644
--- a/higan/target-loki/program/program.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-loki/program/program.hpp
@@ -1,21 +1,30 @@
 struct Program : Emulator::Interface::Bind {
   //program.cpp
   Program(lstring args);
-  auto load(string) -> void;
   auto main() -> void;
   auto quit() -> void;
 
+  //media.cpp
+  auto loadMedia(string location) -> void;
+  auto loadMedia(Emulator::Interface::Media& media, string location) -> void;
+  auto unloadMedia() -> void;
+
   //interface.cpp
-  auto loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> void override {}
-  auto loadRequest(uint id, string path, bool required) -> void override {}
-  auto saveRequest(uint id, string path) -> void override {}
-  auto videoRefresh(const uint32* data, uint pitch, uint width, uint height) -> void override {}
-  auto audioSample(int16 lsample, int16 rsample) -> void override {}
-  auto inputPoll(uint port, uint device, uint input) -> int16 override { return 0; }
-  auto inputRumble(uint port, uint device, uint input, bool enable) -> void override {}
-  auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint override { return 0; }
-  auto path(uint group) -> string override { return ""; }
-  auto notify(string text) -> void override {}
+  auto loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> void override;
+  auto loadRequest(uint id, string path, bool required) -> void override;
+  auto saveRequest(uint id, string path) -> void override;
+  auto videoRefresh(const uint32* data, uint pitch, uint width, uint height) -> void override;
+  auto audioSample(int16 left, int16 right) -> void override;
+  auto inputPoll(uint port, uint device, uint input) -> int16 override;
+  auto inputRumble(uint port, uint device, uint input, bool enable) -> void override;
+  auto dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint override;
+  auto path(uint group) -> string override;
+  auto notify(string text) -> void override;
+
+  DSP dsp;
+  vector<shared_pointer<HID::Device>> devices;
+  vector<string> mediaPaths;
+  vector<string> folderPaths;
 };
 
 extern unique_pointer<Program> program;
diff --git a/higan/target-loki/terminal/about-window.cpp b/higan/target-loki/terminal/about-window.cpp
index 21d87078..d1c9430f 100644
--- a/higan/target-loki/terminal/about-window.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-loki/terminal/about-window.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ AboutWindow::AboutWindow() {
   layout.setMargin(5);
   canvas.setIcon({locate("loki.png")});
   information.setFont(Font().setFamily(Font::Sans).setBold()).setAlignment(0.5).setText({
-    "loki v", Emulator::Version, "\n\n"
+    Emulator::Name, "/loki v", Emulator::Version, "\n\n"
     "Author: ", Emulator::Author, "\n",
     "License: ", Emulator::License, "\n",
     "Website: ", Emulator::Website
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/GNUmakefile b/higan/target-tomoko/GNUmakefile
index 1a000fbe..1f75697c 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/GNUmakefile
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ include sfc/GNUmakefile
 include gb/GNUmakefile
 include gba/GNUmakefile
 include ws/GNUmakefile
-
-processors := $(call unique,$(processors))
 include processor/GNUmakefile
 include emulator/GNUmakefile
 
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/presentation/presentation.cpp b/higan/target-tomoko/presentation/presentation.cpp
index d0831673..c549218c 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/presentation/presentation.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/presentation/presentation.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
   });
   about.setText("About ...").onActivate([&] {
     MessageDialog().setParent(*this).setTitle("About higan ...").setText({
-      Emulator::Name, " v", Emulator::Version, " (", Emulator::Profile, ")\n\n",
+      Emulator::Name, "/tomoko v", Emulator::Version, " (", Emulator::Profile, ")\n\n",
       "Author: ", Emulator::Author, "\n",
       "License: ", Emulator::License, "\n",
       "Website: ", Emulator::Website
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp b/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp
index 488e1e26..248d9c6b 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/program/interface.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ auto Program::loadRequest(uint id, string name, string type, bool required) -> v
   string location = BrowserDialog()
   .setTitle({"Load ", name})
   .setPath({settings["Library/Location"].text(), name})
-  .setFilters({string{name, "|*.", type}})
+  .setFilters({string{name, "|*.", type}, "All|*.*"})
   .openFolder();
   if(!directory::exists(location)) return;
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ auto Program::loadRequest(uint id, string filename, bool required) -> void {
   string pathname = mediaPaths(emulator->group(id));
   string location = {pathname, filename};
 
-  if(filename == "manifest.bml" && pathname && !pathname.find(".sys/")) {
+  if(filename == "manifest.bml" && pathname && !pathname.endsWith(".sys/")) {
     if(!file::exists(location) || settings["Library/IgnoreManifests"].boolean()) {
       if(auto manifest = execute("icarus", "--manifest", pathname)) {
         memorystream stream{(const uint8_t*)manifest.data(), manifest.size()};
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ auto Program::loadRequest(uint id, string filename, bool required) -> void {
 auto Program::saveRequest(uint id, string filename) -> void {
   string pathname = mediaPaths(emulator->group(id));
   string location = {pathname, filename};
+
   filestream stream{location, file::mode::write};
   return emulator->save(id, stream);
 }
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ auto Program::inputRumble(uint port, uint device, uint input, bool enable) -> vo
 }
 
 auto Program::dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) -> uint {
+  return 0;
 }
 
 auto Program::path(uint group) -> string {
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/program/media.cpp b/higan/target-tomoko/program/media.cpp
index 7db8af2c..578070e3 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/program/media.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/program/media.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ auto Program::loadMedia(string location) -> void {
   }
 }
 
-auto Program::loadMedia(Emulator::Interface& interface, Emulator::Interface::Media& media, const string& location) -> void {
+auto Program::loadMedia(Emulator::Interface& interface, Emulator::Interface::Media& media, string location) -> void {
   unloadMedia();
 
   mediaPaths(0) = locate({media.name, ".sys/"});
diff --git a/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp b/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp
index 4248286c..6dc3e04e 100644
--- a/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-tomoko/program/program.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct Program : Emulator::Interface::Bind {
 
   //media.cpp
   auto loadMedia(string location) -> void;
-  auto loadMedia(Emulator::Interface& interface, Emulator::Interface::Media& media, const string& location) -> void;
+  auto loadMedia(Emulator::Interface& interface, Emulator::Interface::Media& media, string location) -> void;
   auto unloadMedia() -> void;
 
   //state.cpp
diff --git a/higan/ws/GNUmakefile b/higan/ws/GNUmakefile
index 83bc970f..cd3e50d4 100644
--- a/higan/ws/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/ws/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 processors += v30mz
 
-ws_objects := ws-interface ws-system ws-scheduler
-ws_objects += ws-memory ws-eeprom ws-cartridge
-ws_objects += ws-cpu ws-ppu ws-apu
-objects += $(ws_objects)
+objects += ws-interface ws-system ws-scheduler
+objects += ws-memory ws-eeprom ws-cartridge
+objects += ws-cpu ws-ppu ws-apu
 
-obj/ws-interface.o: $(ws)/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/interface/)
-obj/ws-system.o:    $(ws)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/system/)
-obj/ws-scheduler.o: $(ws)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/scheduler/)
-obj/ws-memory.o:    $(ws)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/memory/)
-obj/ws-eeprom.o:    $(ws)/eeprom/eeprom.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/eeprom/)
-obj/ws-cartridge.o: $(ws)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/cartridge/)
-obj/ws-cpu.o:       $(ws)/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/cpu/)
-obj/ws-ppu.o:       $(ws)/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/ppu/)
-obj/ws-apu.o:       $(ws)/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(ws)/apu/)
+obj/ws-interface.o: ws/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/interface/)
+obj/ws-system.o:    ws/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/system/)
+obj/ws-scheduler.o: ws/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/scheduler/)
+obj/ws-memory.o:    ws/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/memory/)
+obj/ws-eeprom.o:    ws/eeprom/eeprom.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/eeprom/)
+obj/ws-cartridge.o: ws/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/cartridge/)
+obj/ws-cpu.o:       ws/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/cpu/)
+obj/ws-ppu.o:       ws/ppu/ppu.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/ppu/)
+obj/ws-apu.o:       ws/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,ws/apu/)
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/header.hpp b/hiro/gtk/header.hpp
index 30ec860b..7b1002b5 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/header.hpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/header.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
   #define NOMINMAX
   #define TBS_TRANSPARENTBKGND 0x1000
 
+  #include <nall/windows/guard.hpp>
   #include <winsock2.h>
   #include <windows.h>
   #include <windowsx.h>
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
     #include <gtksourceview/gtksourcelanguagemanager.h>
     #include <gtksourceview/gtksourcestyleschememanager.h>
   #endif
+  #include <nall/windows/guard.hpp>
   #include <nall/windows/registry.hpp>
   #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
 #endif
diff --git a/hiro/windows/header.hpp b/hiro/windows/header.hpp
index 239ff14f..a555e271 100644
--- a/hiro/windows/header.hpp
+++ b/hiro/windows/header.hpp
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 #include <uxtheme.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #include <shlobj.h>
+#include <nall/windows/guard.hpp>
 #include <nall/windows/registry.hpp>
 #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
-#include <nall/windows/guard.hpp>
 
 //MinGW/32-bit has painfully outdated platform headers ...
 
diff --git a/nall/windows/guard.hpp b/nall/windows/guard.hpp
index 4f88a74f..60c9269f 100644
--- a/nall/windows/guard.hpp
+++ b/nall/windows/guard.hpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define NALL_WINDOWS_GUARD_HPP
 
 #define boolean WindowsBoolean
-#define interface WindowsBoolean
+#define interface WindowsInterface
 
 #else
 #undef NALL_WINDOWS_GUARD_HPP