Update to v092r08 release.

byuu says:

Changelog:
- fixed cartridge load window focus on Windows
- lots of updates to nall, ruby and phoenix
- ethos and Emulator::Interface updated from "foo &bar" to "foo& bar"
  syntax (work-in-progress)

Before I had mixed the two ways to declare variables/arguments all over
the place, so the goal is to unify them all for consistency. So the
changelog for this release will be massive (750KB >.>) due to the syntax
change. Yeah, that's what I spent the last three days working on ...

higan/emulator/emulator.hpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const char Name[] = "higan";
-  static const char Version[] = "092.07";
+  static const char Version[] = "092.08";
   static const char Author[] = "byuu";
   static const char License[] = "GPLv3";
   static const char Website[] = "http://byuu.org/";
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ template<typename R, typename... P> struct hook<R (P...)> {
   }
 
   hook() {}
-  hook(const hook &hook) { callback = hook.callback; }
-  hook(void *function) { callback = function; }
+  hook(const hook& hook) { callback = hook.callback; }
+  hook(void* function) { callback = function; }
   hook(R (*function)(P...)) { callback = function; }
-  template<typename C> hook(R (C::*function)(P...), C *object) { callback = {function, object}; }
-  template<typename C> hook(R (C::*function)(P...) const, C *object) { callback = {function, object}; }
+  template<typename C> hook(R (C::*function)(P...), C* object) { callback = {function, object}; }
+  template<typename C> hook(R (C::*function)(P...) const, C* object) { callback = {function, object}; }
   template<typename L> hook(const L& function) { callback = function; }
 
   hook& operator=(const hook& hook) { callback = hook.callback; return *this; }

higan/emulator/interface.hpp

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct Interface {
     string type;
     bool bootable;  //false for cartridge slots (eg Sufami Turbo cartridges)
   };
-
   vector<Media> media;
 
   struct Device {
@@ -58,21 +57,22 @@ struct Interface {
     virtual unsigned dipSettings(const Markup::Node&) { return 0; }
     virtual string path(unsigned) { return ""; }
     virtual string server() { return ""; }
-    virtual void notify(const string &text) { print(text, "\n"); }
-  } *bind;
+    virtual void notify(const string& text) { print(text, "\n"); }
+  };
+  Bind* bind = nullptr;
 
   //callback bindings (provided by user interface)
-  void loadRequest(unsigned id, const string &name, const string &type) { return bind->loadRequest(id, name, type); }
-  void loadRequest(unsigned id, const string &path) { return bind->loadRequest(id, path); }
-  void saveRequest(unsigned id, const string &path) { return bind->saveRequest(id, path); }
+  void loadRequest(unsigned id, const string& name, const string& type) { return bind->loadRequest(id, name, type); }
+  void loadRequest(unsigned id, const string& path) { return bind->loadRequest(id, path); }
+  void saveRequest(unsigned id, const string& path) { return bind->saveRequest(id, path); }
   uint32_t videoColor(unsigned source, uint16_t red, uint16_t green, uint16_t blue) { return bind->videoColor(source, red, green, blue); }
-  void videoRefresh(const uint32_t *data, unsigned pitch, unsigned width, unsigned height) { return bind->videoRefresh(data, pitch, width, height); }
+  void videoRefresh(const uint32_t* data, unsigned pitch, unsigned width, unsigned height) { return bind->videoRefresh(data, pitch, width, height); }
   void audioSample(int16_t lsample, int16_t rsample) { return bind->audioSample(lsample, rsample); }
   int16_t inputPoll(unsigned port, unsigned device, unsigned input) { return bind->inputPoll(port, device, input); }
-  unsigned dipSettings(const Markup::Node &node) { return bind->dipSettings(node); }
+  unsigned dipSettings(const Markup::Node& node) { return bind->dipSettings(node); }
   string path(unsigned group) { return bind->path(group); }
   string server() { return bind->server(); }
-  template<typename... Args> void notify(Args&... args) { return bind->notify({std::forward<Args>(args)...}); }
+  template<typename... Args> void notify(Args&&... args) { return bind->notify({std::forward<Args>(args)...}); }
 
   //information
   virtual string title() = 0;
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ struct Interface {
   virtual unsigned group(unsigned id) = 0;
   virtual void load(unsigned id) {}
   virtual void save() {}
-  virtual void load(unsigned id, const stream &memory) {}
-  virtual void save(unsigned id, const stream &memory) {}
+  virtual void load(unsigned id, const stream& memory) {}
+  virtual void save(unsigned id, const stream& memory) {}
   virtual void unload() {}
 
   //system interface
@@ -112,8 +112,6 @@ struct Interface {
   //debugger functions
   virtual bool tracerEnable(bool) { return false; }
   virtual void exportMemory() {}
-
-  Interface() : bind(nullptr) {}
 };
 
 }

higan/fc/cpu/serialization.cpp

@@ -11,8 +11,12 @@ void CPU::serialize(serializer &s) {
   s.integer(status.irq_apu_line);
 
   s.integer(status.rdy_line);
-  s.integer(status.rdy_addr.valid);
-  s.integer(status.rdy_addr.value);
+  bool rdy_addr_valid = status.rdy_addr;
+  unsigned rdy_addr_value = 0;
+  if(rdy_addr_valid) rdy_addr_value = status.rdy_addr();
+  s.integer(rdy_addr_valid);
+  s.integer(rdy_addr_value);
+  if(rdy_addr_valid) status.rdy_addr = rdy_addr_value;
 
   s.integer(status.oam_dma_pending);
   s.integer(status.oam_dma_page);

higan/fc/interface/interface.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Famicom {
 
-Interface *interface = nullptr;
+Interface* interface = nullptr;
 
 string Interface::title() {
   return cartridge.title();
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ void Interface::load(unsigned id) {
 }
 
 void Interface::save() {
-  for(auto &memory : cartridge.memory) {
+  for(auto& memory : cartridge.memory) {
     saveRequest(memory.id, memory.name);
   }
 }
 
-void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
+void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream& stream) {
   if(id == ID::Manifest) cartridge.information.markup = stream.text();
 
   if(id == ID::ProgramROM) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
   }
 }
 
-void Interface::save(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
+void Interface::save(unsigned id, const stream& stream) {
   if(id == ID::ProgramRAM) {
     stream.write(cartridge.board->prgram.data, cartridge.board->prgram.size);
   }
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ serializer Interface::serialize() {
   return system.serialize();
 }
 
-bool Interface::unserialize(serializer &s) {
+bool Interface::unserialize(serializer& s) {
   return system.unserialize(s);
 }
 
-void Interface::cheatSet(const lstring &list) {
+void Interface::cheatSet(const lstring& list) {
   cheat.reset();
-  for(auto &code : list) {
+  for(auto& code : list) {
     lstring codelist = code.split("+");
-    for(auto &part : codelist) {
+    for(auto& part : codelist) {
       unsigned addr, data, comp;
       if(Cheat::decode(part, addr, data, comp)) cheat.append({addr, data, comp});
     }
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ Interface::Interface() {
   port.append({0, "Port 1"});
   port.append({1, "Port 2"});
 
-  for(auto &device : this->device) {
-    for(auto &port : this->port) {
+  for(auto& device : this->device) {
+    for(auto& port : this->port) {
       if(device.portmask & (1 << port.id)) {
         port.device.append(device);
       }

higan/fc/interface/interface.hpp

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ struct Interface : Emulator::Interface {
   unsigned group(unsigned id);
   void load(unsigned id);
   void save();
-  void load(unsigned id, const stream &stream);
-  void save(unsigned id, const stream &stream);
+  void load(unsigned id, const stream& stream);
+  void save(unsigned id, const stream& stream);
   void unload();
 
   void power();
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ private:
   vector<Device> device;
 };
 
-extern Interface *interface;
+extern Interface* interface;
 
 #ifndef FC_HPP
 }

higan/gb/interface/interface.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace GameBoy {
 
-Interface *interface = nullptr;
+Interface* interface = nullptr;
 
 void Interface::lcdScanline() {
   if(hook) hook->lcdScanline();
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void Interface::save() {
   }
 }
 
-void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
+void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream& stream) {
   if(id == ID::GameBoyBootROM) {
     stream.read(system.bootROM.dmg, min( 256u, stream.size()));
   }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
   }
 }
 
-void Interface::save(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
+void Interface::save(unsigned id, const stream& stream) {
   if(id == ID::RAM) {
     stream.write(cartridge.ramdata, cartridge.ramsize);
   }
@@ -114,15 +114,15 @@ serializer Interface::serialize() {
   return system.serialize();
 }
 
-bool Interface::unserialize(serializer &s) {
+bool Interface::unserialize(serializer& s) {
   return system.unserialize(s);
 }
 
-void Interface::cheatSet(const lstring &list) {
+void Interface::cheatSet(const lstring& list) {
   cheat.reset();
-  for(auto &code : list) {
+  for(auto& code : list) {
     lstring codelist = code.split("+");
-    for(auto &part : codelist) {
+    for(auto& part : codelist) {
       unsigned addr, data, comp;
       if(Cheat::decode(part, addr, data, comp)) cheat.append({addr, data, comp});
     }

higan/gb/interface/interface.hpp

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ struct Interface : Emulator::Interface {
   struct Hook {
     virtual void lcdScanline() {}
     virtual void joypWrite(bool p15, bool p14) {}
-  } *hook;
+  };
+  Hook* hook = nullptr;
 
   void lcdScanline();
   void joypWrite(bool p15, bool p14);
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ struct Interface : Emulator::Interface {
   unsigned group(unsigned id);
   void load(unsigned id);
   void save();
-  void load(unsigned id, const stream &stream);
-  void save(unsigned id, const stream &stream);
+  void load(unsigned id, const stream& stream);
+  void save(unsigned id, const stream& stream);
   void unload();
 
   void power();
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ private:
   vector<Device> device;
 };
 
-extern Interface *interface;
+extern Interface* interface;
 
 #ifndef GB_HPP
 }

higan/gba/interface/interface.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace GameBoyAdvance {
 
-Interface *interface = nullptr;
+Interface* interface = nullptr;
 
 string Interface::title() {
   return cartridge.title();
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ void Interface::load(unsigned id) {
 }
 
 void Interface::save() {
-  for(auto &memory : cartridge.memory) {
+  for(auto& memory : cartridge.memory) {
     interface->saveRequest(memory.id, memory.name);
   }
 }
 
-void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
+void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream& stream) {
   if(id == ID::BIOS) {
     stream.read(bios.data, min(bios.size, stream.size()));
   }
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ void Interface::load(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
   }
 }
 
-void Interface::save(unsigned id, const stream &stream) {
+void Interface::save(unsigned id, const stream& stream) {
   if(id == ID::RAM) {
     stream.write(cartridge.ram.data, cartridge.ram.size);
   }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ serializer Interface::serialize() {
   return system.serialize();
 }
 
-bool Interface::unserialize(serializer &s) {
+bool Interface::unserialize(serializer& s) {
   return system.unserialize(s);
 }
 

higan/gba/interface/interface.hpp

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ struct Interface : Emulator::Interface {
   unsigned group(unsigned id);
   void load(unsigned id);
   void save();
-  void load(unsigned id, const stream &stream);
-  void save(unsigned id, const stream &stream);
+  void load(unsigned id, const stream& stream);
+  void save(unsigned id, const stream& stream);
   void unload();
 
   void power();
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ private:
   vector<Device> device;
 };
 
-extern Interface *interface;
+extern Interface* interface;
 
 #ifndef GBA_HPP
 }

higan/nall/algorithm.hpp

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@
 #undef max
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename T, typename U> T min(const T &t, const U &u) {
-    return t < u ? t : u;
-  }
 
-  template<typename T, typename U> T max(const T &t, const U &u) {
-    return t > u ? t : u;
-  }
+template<typename T, typename U> T min(const T& t, const U& u) {
+  return t < u ? t : u;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename U> T max(const T& t, const U& u) {
+  return t > u ? t : u;
+}
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/any.hpp

@@ -5,69 +5,73 @@
 #include <nall/traits.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  struct any {
-    bool empty() const { return container; }
-    const std::type_info& type() const { return container ? container->type() : typeid(void); }
 
-    template<typename T> any& operator=(const T& value_) {
-      typedef typename type_if<
-        std::is_array<T>::value,
-        typename std::remove_extent<typename std::add_const<T>::type>::type*,
-        T
-      >::type auto_t;
+struct any {
+  bool empty() const { return container; }
+  const std::type_info& type() const { return container ? container->type() : typeid(void); }
 
-      if(type() == typeid(auto_t)) {
-        static_cast<holder<auto_t>*>(container)->value = (auto_t)value_;
-      } else {
-        if(container) delete container;
-        container = new holder<auto_t>((auto_t)value_);
-      }
+  template<typename T> any& operator=(const T& value) {
+    typedef typename type_if<
+      std::is_array<T>::value,
+      typename std::remove_extent<typename std::add_const<T>::type>::type*,
+      T
+    >::type auto_t;
 
-      return *this;
+    if(type() == typeid(auto_t)) {
+      static_cast<holder<auto_t>*>(container)->value = (auto_t)value;
+    } else {
+      if(container) delete container;
+      container = new holder<auto_t>((auto_t)value);
     }
 
-    any() : container(nullptr) {}
-    ~any() { if(container) delete container; }
-    template<typename T> any(const T& value_) : container(nullptr) { operator=(value_); }
+    return *this;
+  }
 
-  private:
-    struct placeholder {
-      virtual const std::type_info& type() const = 0;
-    } *container;
+  any() = default;
+  template<typename T> any(const T& value) { operator=(value); }
+  ~any() { if(container) delete container; }
 
-    template<typename T> struct holder : placeholder {
-      T value;
-      const std::type_info& type() const { return typeid(T); }
-      holder(const T& value_) : value(value_) {}
-    };
-
-    template<typename T> friend T any_cast(any&);
-    template<typename T> friend T any_cast(const any&);
-    template<typename T> friend T* any_cast(any*);
-    template<typename T> friend const T* any_cast(const any*);
+private:
+  struct placeholder {
+    virtual const std::type_info& type() const = 0;
   };
 
-  template<typename T> T any_cast(any &value) {
-    typedef typename std::remove_reference<T>::type nonref;
-    if(value.type() != typeid(nonref)) throw;
-    return static_cast<any::holder<nonref>*>(value.container)->value;
-  }
+  placeholder* container = nullptr;
 
-  template<typename T> T any_cast(const any &value) {
-    typedef const typename std::remove_reference<T>::type nonref;
-    if(value.type() != typeid(nonref)) throw;
-    return static_cast<any::holder<nonref>*>(value.container)->value;
-  }
+  template<typename T> struct holder : placeholder {
+    T value;
+    const std::type_info& type() const { return typeid(T); }
+    holder(const T& value) : value(value) {}
+  };
 
-  template<typename T> T* any_cast(any *value) {
-    if(!value || value->type() != typeid(T)) return nullptr;
-    return &static_cast<any::holder<T>*>(value->container)->value;
-  }
+  template<typename T> friend T any_cast(any&);
+  template<typename T> friend T any_cast(const any&);
+  template<typename T> friend T* any_cast(any*);
+  template<typename T> friend const T* any_cast(const any*);
+};
+
+template<typename T> T any_cast(any& value) {
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<T>::type nonref;
+  if(value.type() != typeid(nonref)) throw;
+  return static_cast<any::holder<nonref>*>(value.container)->value;
+}
+
+template<typename T> T any_cast(const any& value) {
+  typedef const typename std::remove_reference<T>::type nonref;
+  if(value.type() != typeid(nonref)) throw;
+  return static_cast<any::holder<nonref>*>(value.container)->value;
+}
+
+template<typename T> T* any_cast(any* value) {
+  if(!value || value->type() != typeid(T)) return nullptr;
+  return &static_cast<any::holder<T>*>(value->container)->value;
+}
+
+template<typename T> const T* any_cast(const any* value) {
+  if(!value || value->type() != typeid(T)) return nullptr;
+  return &static_cast<any::holder<T>*>(value->container)->value;
+}
 
-  template<typename T> const T* any_cast(const any *value) {
-    if(!value || value->type() != typeid(T)) return nullptr;
-    return &static_cast<any::holder<T>*>(value->container)->value;
-  }
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/atoi.hpp

@@ -5,34 +5,28 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-//note: this header is intended to form the base for user-defined literals;
-//once they are supported by GCC. eg:
-//unsigned operator "" b(const char *s) { return binary(s); }
-//-> signed data = 1001b;
-//(0b1001 is nicer, but is not part of the C++ standard)
-
-constexpr inline uintmax_t binary_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t binary_(const char* s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
   return (
     *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? binary_(s + 1, (sum << 1) | *s - '0') :
     sum
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t octal_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t octal_(const char* s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
   return (
     *s >= '0' && *s <= '7' ? octal_(s + 1, (sum << 3) | *s - '0') :
     sum
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal_(const char* s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
   return (
     *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ? decimal_(s + 1, (sum * 10) + *s - '0') :
     sum
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t hex_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t hex_(const char* s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
   return (
     *s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - 'A' + 10) :
     *s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - 'a' + 10) :
@@ -43,7 +37,7 @@ constexpr inline uintmax_t hex_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
 
 //
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t binary(const char *s) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t binary(const char* s) {
   return (
     *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'B' ? binary_(s + 2) :
     *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'b' ? binary_(s + 2) :
@@ -52,13 +46,13 @@ constexpr inline uintmax_t binary(const char *s) {
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t octal(const char *s) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t octal(const char* s) {
   return (
     octal_(s)
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline intmax_t integer(const char *s) {
+constexpr inline intmax_t integer(const char* s) {
   return (
     *s == '+' ? +decimal_(s + 1) :
     *s == '-' ? -decimal_(s + 1) :
@@ -66,13 +60,13 @@ constexpr inline intmax_t integer(const char *s) {
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal(const char *s) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal(const char* s) {
   return (
     decimal_(s)
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline uintmax_t hex(const char *s) {
+constexpr inline uintmax_t hex(const char* s) {
   return (
     *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'X' ? hex_(s + 2) :
     *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'x' ? hex_(s + 2) :
@@ -81,7 +75,7 @@ constexpr inline uintmax_t hex(const char *s) {
   );
 }
 
-constexpr inline intmax_t numeral(const char *s) {
+constexpr inline intmax_t numeral(const char* s) {
   return (
     *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'X' ? hex_(s + 2) :
     *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'x' ? hex_(s + 2) :
@@ -94,7 +88,7 @@ constexpr inline intmax_t numeral(const char *s) {
   );
 }
 
-inline double fp(const char *s) {
+inline double fp(const char* s) {
   return atof(s);
 }
 

higan/nall/base64.hpp

@@ -5,114 +5,116 @@
 #include <nall/string.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  struct base64 {
-    static bool encode(char *&output, const uint8_t* input, unsigned inlength) {
-      output = new char[inlength * 8 / 6 + 8]();
 
-      unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
-      while(i < inlength) {
-        switch(i % 3) {
+struct base64 {
+  static bool encode(char*& output, const uint8_t* input, unsigned inlength) {
+    output = new char[inlength * 8 / 6 + 8]();
 
-        case 0: {
-          output[o++] = enc(input[i] >> 2);
-          output[o] = enc((input[i] & 3) << 4);
-          break;
-        }
+    unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
+    while(i < inlength) {
+      switch(i % 3) {
 
-        case 1: {
-          uint8_t prev = dec(output[o]);
-          output[o++] = enc(prev + (input[i] >> 4));
-          output[o] = enc((input[i] & 15) << 2);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case 2: {
-          uint8_t prev = dec(output[o]);
-          output[o++] = enc(prev + (input[i] >> 6));
-          output[o++] = enc(input[i] & 63);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        }
-
-        i++;
+      case 0: {
+        output[o++] = enc(input[i] >> 2);
+        output[o] = enc((input[i] & 3) << 4);
+        break;
       }
 
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static string encode(const string &data) {
-      char *buffer = nullptr;
-      encode(buffer, (const uint8_t*)(const char*)data, data.length());
-      string result = buffer;
-      delete[] buffer;
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    static bool decode(uint8_t *&output, unsigned &outlength, const char *input) {
-      unsigned inlength = strlen(input), infix = 0;
-      output = new uint8_t[inlength + 1]();
-
-      unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
-      while(i < inlength) {
-        uint8_t x = dec(input[i]);
-
-        switch(i++ & 3) {
-
-        case 0: {
-          output[o] = x << 2;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case 1: {
-          output[o++] |= x >> 4;
-          output[o] = (x & 15) << 4;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case 2: {
-          output[o++] |= x >> 2;
-          output[o] = (x & 3) << 6;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case 3: {
-          output[o++] |= x;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        }
+      case 1: {
+        uint8_t prev = dec(output[o]);
+        output[o++] = enc(prev + (input[i] >> 4));
+        output[o] = enc((input[i] & 15) << 2);
+        break;
       }
 
-      outlength = o;
-      return true;
+      case 2: {
+        uint8_t prev = dec(output[o]);
+        output[o++] = enc(prev + (input[i] >> 6));
+        output[o++] = enc(input[i] & 63);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      }
+
+      i++;
     }
 
-    static string decode(const string &data) {
-      uint8_t *buffer = nullptr;
-      unsigned size = 0;
-      decode(buffer, size, (const char*)data);
-      string result = (const char*)buffer;
-      delete[] buffer;
-      return result;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static string encode(const string& data) {
+    char* buffer = nullptr;
+    encode(buffer, (const uint8_t*)(const char*)data, data.length());
+    string result = buffer;
+    delete[] buffer;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  static bool decode(uint8_t*& output, unsigned& outlength, const char* input) {
+    unsigned inlength = strlen(input), infix = 0;
+    output = new uint8_t[inlength + 1]();
+
+    unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
+    while(i < inlength) {
+      uint8_t x = dec(input[i]);
+
+      switch(i++ & 3) {
+
+      case 0: {
+        output[o] = x << 2;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 1: {
+        output[o++] |= x >> 4;
+        output[o] = (x & 15) << 4;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 2: {
+        output[o++] |= x >> 2;
+        output[o] = (x & 3) << 6;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 3: {
+        output[o++] |= x;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      }
     }
 
-  private:
-    static char enc(uint8_t n) {
-      //base64 for URL encodings (URL = -_, MIME = +/)
-      static char lookup_table[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
-      return lookup_table[n & 63];
-    }
+    outlength = o;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static string decode(const string& data) {
+    uint8_t* buffer = nullptr;
+    unsigned size = 0;
+    decode(buffer, size, (const char*)data);
+    string result = (const char*)buffer;
+    delete[] buffer;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+private:
+  static char enc(uint8_t n) {
+    //base64 for URL encodings (URL = -_, MIME = +/)
+    static char lookup_table[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
+    return lookup_table[n & 63];
+  }
+
+  static uint8_t dec(char n) {
+    if(n >= 'A' && n <= 'Z') return n - 'A';
+    if(n >= 'a' && n <= 'z') return n - 'a' + 26;
+    if(n >= '0' && n <= '9') return n - '0' + 52;
+    if(n == '-') return 62;
+    if(n == '_') return 63;
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
 
-    static uint8_t dec(char n) {
-      if(n >= 'A' && n <= 'Z') return n - 'A';
-      if(n >= 'a' && n <= 'z') return n - 'a' + 26;
-      if(n >= '0' && n <= '9') return n - '0' + 52;
-      if(n == '-') return 62;
-      if(n == '_') return 63;
-      return 0;
-    }
-  };
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/beat/archive.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct beatArchive : beatBase {
-  bool create(const string &beatname, string pathname, const string &metadata = "") {
+  bool create(const string& beatname, string pathname, const string& metadata = "") {
     if(fp.open(beatname, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
     if(pathname.endswith("/") == false) pathname.append("/");
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ struct beatArchive : beatBase {
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool unpack(const string &beatname, string pathname) {
+  bool unpack(const string& beatname, string pathname) {
     if(fp.open(beatname, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
     if(pathname.endswith("/") == false) pathname.append("/");
 

higan/nall/beat/base.hpp

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ protected:
   file fp;
   uint32_t checksum;
 
-  void ls(lstring &list, const string &path, const string &basepath) {
+  void ls(lstring& list, const string& path, const string& basepath) {
     lstring paths = directory::folders(path);
-    for(auto &pathname : paths) {
+    for(auto& pathname : paths) {
       list.append(string{path, pathname}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
       ls(list, {path, pathname}, basepath);
     }
 
     lstring files = directory::files(path);
-    for(auto &filename : files) {
+    for(auto& filename : files) {
       list.append(string{path, filename}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
     }
   }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ protected:
     }
   }
 
-  void writeString(const string &text) {
+  void writeString(const string& text) {
     unsigned length = text.length();
     for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) write(text[n]);
   }

higan/nall/beat/delta.hpp

@@ -10,56 +10,56 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct bpsdelta {
-  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
-  inline void target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
 
-  inline bool source(const string &filename);
-  inline bool target(const string &filename);
-  inline bool create(const string &filename, const string &metadata = "");
+  inline bool source(const string& filename);
+  inline bool target(const string& filename);
+  inline bool create(const string& filename, const string& metadata = "");
 
 protected:
   enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
   enum : unsigned { Granularity = 1 };
 
   struct Node {
-    unsigned offset;
-    Node *next;
-    inline Node() : offset(0), next(nullptr) {}
-    inline ~Node() { if(next) delete next; }
+    unsigned offset = 0;
+    Node* next = nullptr;
+    Node() = default;
+    ~Node() { if(next) delete next; }
   };
 
   filemap sourceFile;
-  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  const uint8_t* sourceData;
   unsigned sourceSize;
 
   filemap targetFile;
-  const uint8_t *targetData;
+  const uint8_t* targetData;
   unsigned targetSize;
 };
 
-void bpsdelta::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void bpsdelta::source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   sourceData = data;
   sourceSize = size;
 }
 
-void bpsdelta::target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void bpsdelta::target(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   targetData = data;
   targetSize = size;
 }
 
-bool bpsdelta::source(const string &filename) {
+bool bpsdelta::source(const string& filename) {
   if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bpsdelta::target(const string &filename) {
+bool bpsdelta::target(const string& filename) {
   if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bpsdelta::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+bool bpsdelta::create(const string& filename, const string& metadata) {
   file modifyFile;
   if(modifyFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
 
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ bool bpsdelta::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
   encode(markupSize);
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < markupSize; n++) write(metadata[n]);
 
-  Node *sourceTree[65536], *targetTree[65536];
+  Node* sourceTree[65536];
+  Node* targetTree[65536];
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < 65536; n++) sourceTree[n] = nullptr, targetTree[n] = nullptr;
 
   //source tree creation
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ bool bpsdelta::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
     }
 
     { //source copy
-      Node *node = sourceTree[symbol];
+      Node* node = sourceTree[symbol];
       while(node) {
         unsigned length = 0, x = node->offset, y = outputOffset;
         while(x < sourceSize && y < targetSize && sourceData[x++] == targetData[y++]) length++;
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ bool bpsdelta::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
     }
 
     { //target copy
-      Node *node = targetTree[symbol];
+      Node* node = targetTree[symbol];
       while(node) {
         unsigned length = 0, x = node->offset, y = outputOffset;
         while(y < targetSize && targetData[x++] == targetData[y++]) length++;

higan/nall/beat/linear.hpp

@@ -10,49 +10,49 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct bpslinear {
-  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
-  inline void target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
 
-  inline bool source(const string &filename);
-  inline bool target(const string &filename);
-  inline bool create(const string &filename, const string &metadata = "");
+  inline bool source(const string& filename);
+  inline bool target(const string& filename);
+  inline bool create(const string& filename, const string& metadata = "");
 
 protected:
   enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
   enum : unsigned { Granularity = 1 };
 
   filemap sourceFile;
-  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  const uint8_t* sourceData;
   unsigned sourceSize;
 
   filemap targetFile;
-  const uint8_t *targetData;
+  const uint8_t* targetData;
   unsigned targetSize;
 };
 
-void bpslinear::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void bpslinear::source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   sourceData = data;
   sourceSize = size;
 }
 
-void bpslinear::target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void bpslinear::target(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   targetData = data;
   targetSize = size;
 }
 
-bool bpslinear::source(const string &filename) {
+bool bpslinear::source(const string& filename) {
   if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bpslinear::target(const string &filename) {
+bool bpslinear::target(const string& filename) {
   if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bpslinear::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+bool bpslinear::create(const string& filename, const string& metadata) {
   file modifyFile;
   if(modifyFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
 

higan/nall/beat/metadata.hpp

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct bpsmetadata {
-  inline bool load(const string &filename);
-  inline bool save(const string &filename, const string &metadata);
+  inline bool load(const string& filename);
+  inline bool save(const string& filename, const string& metadata);
   inline string metadata() const;
 
 protected:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ protected:
   string metadataString;
 };
 
-bool bpsmetadata::load(const string &filename) {
+bool bpsmetadata::load(const string& filename) {
   if(sourceFile.open(filename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
 
   auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ bool bpsmetadata::load(const string &filename) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bpsmetadata::save(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+bool bpsmetadata::save(const string& filename, const string& metadata) {
   file targetFile;
   if(targetFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
   if(sourceFile.open() == false) return false;

higan/nall/beat/multi.hpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct bpsmulti {
     OriginTarget = 1,
   };
 
-  bool create(const string &patchName, const string &sourcePath, const string &targetPath, bool delta = false, const string &metadata = "") {
+  bool create(const string& patchName, const string& sourcePath, const string& targetPath, bool delta = false, const string& metadata = "") {
     if(fp.open()) fp.close();
     fp.open(patchName, file::mode::write);
     checksum = ~0;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ struct bpsmulti {
     ls(sourceList, sourcePath, sourcePath);
     ls(targetList, targetPath, targetPath);
 
-    for(auto &targetName : targetList) {
+    for(auto& targetName : targetList) {
       if(targetName.endswith("/")) {
         targetName.rtrim<1>("/");
         writeNumber(CreatePath | ((targetName.length() - 1) << 2));
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ struct bpsmulti {
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool apply(const string &patchName, const string &sourcePath, const string &targetPath) {
+  bool apply(const string& patchName, const string& sourcePath, const string& targetPath) {
     directory::remove(targetPath);  //start with a clean directory
     directory::create(targetPath);
 
@@ -157,15 +157,15 @@ protected:
   uint32_t checksum;
 
   //create() functions
-  void ls(lstring &list, const string &path, const string &basepath) {
+  void ls(lstring& list, const string& path, const string& basepath) {
     lstring paths = directory::folders(path);
-    for(auto &pathname : paths) {
+    for(auto& pathname : paths) {
       list.append(string{path, pathname}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
       ls(list, {path, pathname}, basepath);
     }
 
     lstring files = directory::files(path);
-    for(auto &filename : files) {
+    for(auto& filename : files) {
       list.append(string{path, filename}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
     }
   }
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ protected:
     }
   }
 
-  void writeString(const string &text) {
+  void writeString(const string& text) {
     unsigned length = text.length();
     for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) write(text[n]);
   }

higan/nall/beat/patch.hpp

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct bpspatch {
-  inline bool modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
-  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
-  inline void target(uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool modify(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
+  inline void source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
 
-  inline bool modify(const string &filename);
-  inline bool source(const string &filename);
-  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+  inline bool modify(const string& filename);
+  inline bool source(const string& filename);
+  inline bool target(const string& filename);
 
   inline string metadata() const;
   inline unsigned size() const;
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ protected:
   enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
 
   filemap modifyFile;
-  const uint8_t *modifyData;
+  const uint8_t* modifyData;
   unsigned modifySize;
 
   filemap sourceFile;
-  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  const uint8_t* sourceData;
   unsigned sourceSize;
 
   filemap targetFile;
-  uint8_t *targetData;
+  uint8_t* targetData;
   unsigned targetSize;
 
   unsigned modifySourceSize;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ protected:
   string metadataString;
 };
 
-bool bpspatch::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+bool bpspatch::modify(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   if(size < 19) return false;
   modifyData = data;
   modifySize = size;
@@ -86,28 +86,28 @@ bool bpspatch::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   return true;
 }
 
-void bpspatch::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void bpspatch::source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   sourceData = data;
   sourceSize = size;
 }
 
-void bpspatch::target(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void bpspatch::target(uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   targetData = data;
   targetSize = size;
 }
 
-bool bpspatch::modify(const string &filename) {
+bool bpspatch::modify(const string& filename) {
   if(modifyFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   return modify(modifyFile.data(), modifyFile.size());
 }
 
-bool bpspatch::source(const string &filename) {
+bool bpspatch::source(const string& filename) {
   if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bpspatch::target(const string &filename) {
+bool bpspatch::target(const string& filename) {
   file fp;
   if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
   fp.truncate(modifyTargetSize);

higan/nall/bit.hpp

@@ -4,79 +4,77 @@
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<unsigned bits>
-  inline uintmax_t uclamp(const uintmax_t x) {
-    enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), y = b * 2 - 1 };
-    return y + ((x - y) & -(x < y));  //min(x, y);
+
+template<unsigned bits> inline uintmax_t uclamp(const uintmax_t x) {
+  enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), y = b * 2 - 1 };
+  return y + ((x - y) & -(x < y));  //min(x, y);
+}
+
+template<unsigned bits> inline uintmax_t uclip(const uintmax_t x) {
+  enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b * 2 - 1 };
+  return (x & m);
+}
+
+template<unsigned bits> inline intmax_t sclamp(const intmax_t x) {
+  enum : intmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b - 1 };
+  return (x > m) ? m : (x < -b) ? -b : x;
+}
+
+template<unsigned bits> inline intmax_t sclip(const intmax_t x) {
+  enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b * 2 - 1 };
+  return ((x & m) ^ b) - b;
+}
+
+namespace bit {
+  constexpr inline uintmax_t mask(const char* s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+    return (
+      *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? mask(s + 1, (sum << 1) | 1) :
+      *s == ' ' || *s == '_' ? mask(s + 1, sum) :
+      *s ? mask(s + 1, sum << 1) :
+      sum
+    );
   }
 
-  template<unsigned bits>
-  inline uintmax_t uclip(const uintmax_t x) {
-    enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b * 2 - 1 };
-    return (x & m);
+  constexpr inline uintmax_t test(const char* s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+    return (
+      *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? test(s + 1, (sum << 1) | (*s - '0')) :
+      *s == ' ' || *s == '_' ? test(s + 1, sum) :
+      *s ? test(s + 1, sum << 1) :
+      sum
+    );
   }
 
-  template<unsigned bits>
-  inline intmax_t sclamp(const intmax_t x) {
-    enum : intmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b - 1 };
-    return (x > m) ? m : (x < -b) ? -b : x;
+  //lowest(0b1110) == 0b0010
+  constexpr inline uintmax_t lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
+    return x & -x;
   }
 
-  template<unsigned bits>
-  inline intmax_t sclip(const intmax_t x) {
-    enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b * 2 - 1 };
-    return ((x & m) ^ b) - b;
+  //clear_lowest(0b1110) == 0b1100
+  constexpr inline uintmax_t clear_lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
+    return x & (x - 1);
   }
 
-  namespace bit {
-    constexpr inline uintmax_t mask(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
-      return (
-        *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? mask(s + 1, (sum << 1) | 1) :
-        *s == ' ' || *s == '_' ? mask(s + 1, sum) :
-        *s ? mask(s + 1, sum << 1) :
-        sum
-      );
-    }
+  //set_lowest(0b0101) == 0b0111
+  constexpr inline uintmax_t set_lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
+    return x | (x + 1);
+  }
 
-    constexpr inline uintmax_t test(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
-      return (
-        *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? test(s + 1, (sum << 1) | (*s - '0')) :
-        *s == ' ' || *s == '_' ? test(s + 1, sum) :
-        *s ? test(s + 1, sum << 1) :
-        sum
-      );
-    }
+  //count number of bits set in a byte
+  inline unsigned count(uintmax_t x) {
+    unsigned count = 0;
+    do count += x & 1; while(x >>= 1);
+    return count;
+  }
 
-    //lowest(0b1110) == 0b0010
-    constexpr inline uintmax_t lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
-      return x & -x;
-    }
-
-    //clear_lowest(0b1110) == 0b1100
-    constexpr inline uintmax_t clear_lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
-      return x & (x - 1);
-    }
-
-    //set_lowest(0b0101) == 0b0111
-    constexpr inline uintmax_t set_lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
-      return x | (x + 1);
-    }
-
-    //count number of bits set in a byte
-    inline unsigned count(uintmax_t x) {
-      unsigned count = 0;
-      do count += x & 1; while(x >>= 1);
-      return count;
-    }
-
-    //round up to next highest single bit:
-    //round(15) == 16, round(16) == 16, round(17) == 32
-    inline uintmax_t round(uintmax_t x) {
-      if((x & (x - 1)) == 0) return x;
-      while(x & (x - 1)) x &= x - 1;
-      return x << 1;
-    }
+  //round up to next highest single bit:
+  //round(15) == 16, round(16) == 16, round(17) == 32
+  inline uintmax_t round(uintmax_t x) {
+    if((x & (x - 1)) == 0) return x;
+    while(x & (x - 1)) x &= x - 1;
+    return x << 1;
   }
 }
 
+}
+
 #endif

higan/nall/bmp.hpp

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct bmp {
-  inline static bool read(const string &filename, uint32_t *&data, unsigned &width, unsigned &height);
-  inline static bool write(const string &filename, const uint32_t *data, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned pitch, bool alpha = false);
+  inline static bool read(const string& filename, uint32_t*& data, unsigned& width, unsigned& height);
+  inline static bool write(const string& filename, const uint32_t* data, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned pitch, bool alpha = false);
 };
 
-bool bmp::read(const string &filename, uint32_t *&data, unsigned &width, unsigned &height) {
+bool bmp::read(const string& filename, uint32_t*& data, unsigned& width, unsigned& height) {
   file fp;
   if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
   if(fp.size() < 0x36) return false;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ bool bmp::read(const string &filename, uint32_t *&data, unsigned &width, unsigne
   while(alignedWidth % 4) alignedWidth++, paddingLength++;
 
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-    uint32_t *p = noFlip ? data + y * width : data + (height - 1 - y) * width;
+    uint32_t* p = noFlip ? data + y * width : data + (height - 1 - y) * width;
     for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++, p++) {
       *p = fp.readl(bytesPerPixel);
       if(bytesPerPixel == 3) *p |= 255 << 24;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ bool bmp::read(const string &filename, uint32_t *&data, unsigned &width, unsigne
   return true;
 }
 
-bool bmp::write(const string &filename, const uint32_t *data, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned pitch, bool alpha) {
+bool bmp::write(const string& filename, const uint32_t* data, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned pitch, bool alpha) {
   file fp;
   if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ bool bmp::write(const string &filename, const uint32_t *data, unsigned width, un
   fp.writel(0, 4);             //important color count
 
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-    const uint32_t *p = (const uint32_t*)((const uint8_t*)data + y * pitch);
+    const uint32_t* p = (const uint32_t*)((const uint8_t*)data + y * pitch);
     for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) fp.writel(*p++, bytesPerPixel);
     if(paddingLength) fp.writel(0, paddingLength);
   }

higan/nall/compositor.hpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ struct compositor {
 //Metacity
 
 bool compositor::enabled_metacity() {
-  FILE *fp = popen("gconftool-2 --get /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager", "r");
+  FILE* fp = popen("gconftool-2 --get /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager", "r");
   if(!fp) return false;
 
   char buffer[512];
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ bool compositor::enabled_metacity() {
 }
 
 bool compositor::enable_metacity(bool status) {
-  FILE *fp;
+  FILE* fp;
   if(status) {
     fp = popen("gconftool-2 --set --type bool /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager true", "r");
   } else {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ bool compositor::enable_metacity(bool status) {
 //Xfwm4
 
 bool compositor::enabled_xfwm4() {
-  FILE *fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing'", "r");
+  FILE* fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing'", "r");
   if(!fp) return false;
 
   char buffer[512];
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ bool compositor::enabled_xfwm4() {
 }
 
 bool compositor::enable_xfwm4(bool status) {
-  FILE *fp;
+  FILE* fp;
   if(status) {
     fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing' -t 'bool' -s 'true'", "r");
   } else {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ bool compositor::enable_xfwm4(bool status) {
 compositor::Compositor compositor::detect() {
   Compositor result = Compositor::Unknown;
 
-  FILE *fp;
+  FILE* fp;
   char buffer[512];
 
   fp = popen("pidof metacity", "r");

higan/nall/crc16.hpp

@@ -4,22 +4,24 @@
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  inline uint16_t crc16_adjust(uint16_t crc16, uint8_t data) {
-    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
-      if((crc16 & 1) ^ (data & 1)) crc16 = (crc16 >> 1) ^ 0x8408;
-      else crc16 >>= 1;
-      data >>= 1;
-    }
-    return crc16;
-  }
 
-  inline uint16_t crc16_calculate(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
-    uint16_t crc16 = ~0;
-    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) {
-      crc16 = crc16_adjust(crc16, data[n]);
-    }
-    return ~crc16;
+inline uint16_t crc16_adjust(uint16_t crc16, uint8_t data) {
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
+    if((crc16 & 1) ^ (data & 1)) crc16 = (crc16 >> 1) ^ 0x8408;
+    else crc16 >>= 1;
+    data >>= 1;
   }
+  return crc16;
+}
+
+inline uint16_t crc16_calculate(const uint8_t* data, unsigned length) {
+  uint16_t crc16 = ~0;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) {
+    crc16 = crc16_adjust(crc16, data[n]);
+  }
+  return ~crc16;
+}
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/crc32.hpp

@@ -4,63 +4,65 @@
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  const uint32_t crc32_table[256] = {
-    0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
-    0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
-    0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
-    0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
-    0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
-    0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
-    0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
-    0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
-    0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
-    0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
-    0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
-    0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
-    0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
-    0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
-    0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
-    0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
-    0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
-    0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
-    0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
-    0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
-    0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
-    0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
-    0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
-    0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
-    0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
-    0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
-    0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
-    0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
-    0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
-    0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
-    0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
-    0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
-    0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
-    0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
-    0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
-    0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
-    0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
-    0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
-    0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
-    0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
-    0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
-    0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
-    0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
-  };
 
-  inline uint32_t crc32_adjust(uint32_t crc32, uint8_t input) {
-    return ((crc32 >> 8) & 0x00ffffff) ^ crc32_table[(crc32 ^ input) & 0xff];
-  }
+const uint32_t crc32_table[256] = {
+  0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
+  0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
+  0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
+  0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
+  0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
+  0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
+  0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
+  0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
+  0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
+  0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
+  0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
+  0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
+  0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
+  0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
+  0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
+  0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
+  0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
+  0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
+  0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
+  0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
+  0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
+  0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
+  0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
+  0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
+  0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
+  0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
+  0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
+  0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
+  0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
+  0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
+  0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
+  0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
+  0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
+  0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
+  0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
+  0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
+  0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
+  0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
+  0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
+  0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
+  0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
+  0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
+  0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
+};
 
-  inline uint32_t crc32_calculate(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
-    uint32_t crc32 = ~0;
-    for(unsigned i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      crc32 = crc32_adjust(crc32, data[i]);
-    }
-    return ~crc32;
+inline uint32_t crc32_adjust(uint32_t crc32, uint8_t input) {
+  return ((crc32 >> 8) & 0x00ffffff) ^ crc32_table[(crc32 ^ input) & 0xff];
+}
+
+inline uint32_t crc32_calculate(const uint8_t* data, unsigned length) {
+  uint32_t crc32 = ~0;
+  for(unsigned i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    crc32 = crc32_adjust(crc32, data[i]);
   }
+  return ~crc32;
+}
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/directory.hpp

@@ -18,80 +18,80 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct directory {
-  static bool create(const string &pathname, unsigned permissions = 0755);  //recursive
-  static bool remove(const string &pathname);  //recursive
-  static bool exists(const string &pathname);
+  static bool create(const string& pathname, unsigned permissions = 0755);  //recursive
+  static bool remove(const string& pathname);  //recursive
+  static bool exists(const string& pathname);
 
-  static lstring folders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+  static lstring folders(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*") {
     lstring folders = directory::ufolders(pathname, pattern);
     folders.sort();
     return folders;
   }
 
-  static lstring files(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+  static lstring files(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*") {
     lstring files = directory::ufiles(pathname, pattern);
     files.sort();
     return files;
   }
 
-  static lstring contents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+  static lstring contents(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*") {
     lstring folders = directory::ufolders(pathname);  //pattern search of contents should only filter files
     lstring files = directory::ufiles(pathname, pattern);
     folders.sort();
     files.sort();
-    for(auto &file : files) folders.append(file);
+    for(auto& file : files) folders.append(file);
     return folders;
   }
 
-  static lstring ifolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+  static lstring ifolders(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*") {
     lstring folders = ufolders(pathname, pattern);
     folders.isort();
     return folders;
   }
 
-  static lstring ifiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+  static lstring ifiles(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*") {
     lstring files = ufiles(pathname, pattern);
     files.isort();
     return files;
   }
 
-  static lstring icontents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+  static lstring icontents(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*") {
     lstring folders = directory::ufolders(pathname);  //pattern search of contents should only filter files
     lstring files = directory::ufiles(pathname, pattern);
     folders.isort();
     files.isort();
-    for(auto &file : files) folders.append(file);
+    for(auto& file : files) folders.append(file);
     return folders;
   }
 
 private:
   //internal functions; these return unsorted lists
-  static lstring ufolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*");
-  static lstring ufiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*");
+  static lstring ufolders(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*");
+  static lstring ufiles(const string& pathname, const string& pattern = "*");
 };
 
 #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
-  inline bool directory::create(const string &pathname, unsigned permissions) {
+  inline bool directory::create(const string& pathname, unsigned permissions) {
     string path;
     lstring list = string{pathname}.transform("\\", "/").rtrim<1>("/").split("/");
     bool result = true;
-    for(auto &part : list) {
+    for(auto& part : list) {
       path.append(part, "/");
       result &= (_wmkdir(utf16_t(path)) == 0);
     }
     return result;
   }
 
-  inline bool directory::remove(const string &pathname) {
+  inline bool directory::remove(const string& pathname) {
     lstring list = directory::contents(pathname);
-    for(auto &name : list) {
+    for(auto& name : list) {
       if(name.endswith("/")) directory::remove({pathname, name});
       else file::remove({pathname, name});
     }
     return _wrmdir(utf16_t(pathname)) == 0;
   }
 
-  inline bool directory::exists(const string &pathname) {
+  inline bool directory::exists(const string& pathname) {
     string name = pathname;
     name.trim<1>("\"");
     DWORD result = GetFileAttributes(utf16_t(name));
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ private:
     return (result & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
   }
 
-  inline lstring directory::ufolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+  inline lstring directory::ufolders(const string& pathname, const string& pattern) {
     lstring list;
     string path = pathname;
     path.transform("/", "\\");
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ private:
       }
       FindClose(handle);
     }
-    for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
+    for(auto& name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
     return list;
   }
 
-  inline lstring directory::ufiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+  inline lstring directory::ufiles(const string& pathname, const string& pattern) {
     lstring list;
     string path = pathname;
     path.transform("/", "\\");
@@ -154,37 +154,37 @@ private:
     return list;
   }
 #else
-  inline bool directory::create(const string &pathname, unsigned permissions) {
+  inline bool directory::create(const string& pathname, unsigned permissions) {
     string path;
     lstring list = string{pathname}.rtrim<1>("/").split("/");
     bool result = true;
-    for(auto &part : list) {
+    for(auto& part : list) {
       path.append(part, "/");
       result &= (mkdir(path, permissions) == 0);
     }
     return result;
   }
 
-  inline bool directory::remove(const string &pathname) {
+  inline bool directory::remove(const string& pathname) {
     lstring list = directory::contents(pathname);
-    for(auto &name : list) {
+    for(auto& name : list) {
       if(name.endswith("/")) directory::remove({pathname, name});
       else file::remove({pathname, name});
     }
     return rmdir(pathname) == 0;
   }
 
-  inline bool directory::exists(const string &pathname) {
+  inline bool directory::exists(const string& pathname) {
     DIR *dp = opendir(pathname);
     if(!dp) return false;
     closedir(dp);
     return true;
   }
 
-  inline lstring directory::ufolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+  inline lstring directory::ufolders(const string& pathname, const string& pattern) {
     lstring list;
-    DIR *dp;
-    struct dirent *ep;
+    DIR* dp;
+    struct dirent* ep;
     dp = opendir(pathname);
     if(dp) {
       while(ep = readdir(dp)) {
@@ -196,14 +196,14 @@ private:
       }
       closedir(dp);
     }
-    for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
+    for(auto& name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
     return list;
   }
 
-  inline lstring directory::ufiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+  inline lstring directory::ufiles(const string& pathname, const string& pattern) {
     lstring list;
-    DIR *dp;
-    struct dirent *ep;
+    DIR* dp;
+    struct dirent* ep;
     dp = opendir(pathname);
     if(dp) {
       while(ep = readdir(dp)) {

higan/nall/dl.hpp

@@ -16,102 +16,104 @@
 #endif
 
 namespace nall {
-  struct library {
-    explicit operator bool() const { return open(); }
-    bool open() const { return handle; }
-    bool open(const char*, const char* = "");
-    bool open_absolute(const char*);
-    void* sym(const char*);
-    void close();
 
-    library() : handle(0) {}
-    ~library() { close(); }
+struct library {
+  explicit operator bool() const { return open(); }
+  bool open() const { return handle; }
+  bool open(const string&, const string& = "");
+  bool open_absolute(const string&);
+  void* sym(const string&);
+  void close();
 
-    library& operator=(const library&) = delete;
-    library(const library&) = delete;
+  library() = default;
+  ~library() { close(); }
 
-  private:
-    uintptr_t handle;
-  };
+  library& operator=(const library&) = delete;
+  library(const library&) = delete;
 
-  #if defined(PLATFORM_X)
-  inline bool library::open(const char *name, const char *path) {
-    if(handle) close();
-    handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string(path, *path && !strend(path, "/") ? "/" : "", "lib", name, ".so"), RTLD_LAZY);
-    if(!handle) handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string("/usr/local/lib/lib", name, ".so"), RTLD_LAZY);
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  inline bool library::open_absolute(const char *name) {
-    if(handle) close();
-    handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(name, RTLD_LAZY);
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  inline void* library::sym(const char *name) {
-    if(!handle) return nullptr;
-    return dlsym((void*)handle, name);
-  }
-
-  inline void library::close() {
-    if(!handle) return;
-    dlclose((void*)handle);
-    handle = 0;
-  }
-  #elif defined(PLATFORM_OSX)
-  inline bool library::open(const char *name, const char *path) {
-    if(handle) close();
-    handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string(path, *path && !strend(path, "/") ? "/" : "", "lib", name, ".dylib"), RTLD_LAZY);
-    if(!handle) handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string("/usr/local/lib/lib", name, ".dylib"), RTLD_LAZY);
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  inline bool library::open_absolute(const char *name) {
-    if(handle) close();
-    handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(name, RTLD_LAZY);
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  inline void* library::sym(const char *name) {
-    if(!handle) return nullptr;
-    return dlsym((void*)handle, name);
-  }
-
-  inline void library::close() {
-    if(!handle) return;
-    dlclose((void*)handle);
-    handle = 0;
-  }
-  #elif defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
-  inline bool library::open(const char *name, const char *path) {
-    if(handle) close();
-    string filepath(path, *path && !strend(path, "/") && !strend(path, "\\") ? "\\" : "", name, ".dll");
-    handle = (uintptr_t)LoadLibraryW(utf16_t(filepath));
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  inline bool library::open_absolute(const char *name) {
-    if(handle) close();
-    handle = (uintptr_t)LoadLibraryW(utf16_t(name));
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  inline void* library::sym(const char *name) {
-    if(!handle) return nullptr;
-    return (void*)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)handle, name);
-  }
-
-  inline void library::close() {
-    if(!handle) return;
-    FreeLibrary((HMODULE)handle);
-    handle = 0;
-  }
-  #else
-  inline bool library::open(const char*, const char*) { return false; }
-  inline bool library::open_absolute(const char*) { return false; }
-  inline void* library::sym(const char*) { return nullptr; }
-  inline void library::close() {}
-  #endif
+private:
+  uintptr_t handle = 0;
 };
 
+#if defined(PLATFORM_X)
+inline bool library::open(const string& name, const string& path) {
+  if(handle) close();
+  handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string(path, !path.empty() && !path.endswith("/") ? "/" : "", "lib", name, ".so"), RTLD_LAZY);
+  if(!handle) handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string("/usr/local/lib/lib", name, ".so"), RTLD_LAZY);
+  return handle;
+}
+
+inline bool library::open_absolute(const string& name) {
+  if(handle) close();
+  handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(name, RTLD_LAZY);
+  return handle;
+}
+
+inline void* library::sym(const string& name) {
+  if(!handle) return nullptr;
+  return dlsym((void*)handle, name);
+}
+
+inline void library::close() {
+  if(!handle) return;
+  dlclose((void*)handle);
+  handle = 0;
+}
+#elif defined(PLATFORM_OSX)
+inline bool library::open(const string& name, const string& path) {
+  if(handle) close();
+  handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string(path, !path.empty() && !path.endswith("/") ? "/" : "", "lib", name, ".dylib"), RTLD_LAZY);
+  if(!handle) handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(string("/usr/local/lib/lib", name, ".dylib"), RTLD_LAZY);
+  return handle;
+}
+
+inline bool library::open_absolute(const string& name) {
+  if(handle) close();
+  handle = (uintptr_t)dlopen(name, RTLD_LAZY);
+  return handle;
+}
+
+inline void* library::sym(const string& name) {
+  if(!handle) return nullptr;
+  return dlsym((void*)handle, name);
+}
+
+inline void library::close() {
+  if(!handle) return;
+  dlclose((void*)handle);
+  handle = 0;
+}
+#elif defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+inline bool library::open(const string& name, const string& path) {
+  if(handle) close();
+  string filepath(path, !path.empty() && !path.endswith("/") && !path.endswith("\\") ? "/" : "", name, ".dll");
+  handle = (uintptr_t)LoadLibraryW(utf16_t(filepath));
+  return handle;
+}
+
+inline bool library::open_absolute(const string& name) {
+  if(handle) close();
+  handle = (uintptr_t)LoadLibraryW(utf16_t(name));
+  return handle;
+}
+
+inline void* library::sym(const string& name) {
+  if(!handle) return nullptr;
+  return (void*)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)handle, name);
+}
+
+inline void library::close() {
+  if(!handle) return;
+  FreeLibrary((HMODULE)handle);
+  handle = 0;
+}
+#else
+inline bool library::open(const string&, const string&) { return false; }
+inline bool library::open_absolute(const string&) { return false; }
+inline void* library::sym(const string&) { return nullptr; }
+inline void library::close() {}
+#endif
+
+}
+
 #endif

higan/nall/dsp/buffer.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 struct Buffer {
-  double **sample = nullptr;
+  double** sample = nullptr;
   uint16_t rdoffset = 0;
   uint16_t wroffset = 0;
   unsigned channels = 0;

higan/nall/dsp/core.hpp

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ namespace nall {
 struct DSP;
 
 struct Resampler {
-  DSP &dsp;
+  DSP& dsp;
   real frequency;
 
   virtual void setFrequency() = 0;
   virtual void clear() = 0;
   virtual void sample() = 0;
-  Resampler(DSP &dsp) : dsp(dsp) {}
+  Resampler(DSP& dsp) : dsp(dsp) {}
 };
 
 struct DSP {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ protected:
     real intensityInverse;
   } settings;
 
-  Resampler *resampler = nullptr;
+  Resampler* resampler = nullptr;
   inline void write(real channel[]);
 
   #include "buffer.hpp"

higan/nall/dsp/resample/average.hpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ struct ResampleAverage : Resampler {
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
   inline void sampleLinear();
-  ResampleAverage(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+  ResampleAverage(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
 
   real fraction;
   real step;

higan/nall/dsp/resample/cosine.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct ResampleCosine : Resampler {
   inline void setFrequency();
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
-  ResampleCosine(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+  ResampleCosine(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
 
   real fraction;
   real step;

higan/nall/dsp/resample/cubic.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct ResampleCubic : Resampler {
   inline void setFrequency();
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
-  ResampleCubic(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+  ResampleCubic(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
 
   real fraction;
   real step;

higan/nall/dsp/resample/hermite.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct ResampleHermite : Resampler {
   inline void setFrequency();
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
-  ResampleHermite(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+  ResampleHermite(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
 
   real fraction;
   real step;

higan/nall/dsp/resample/linear.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct ResampleLinear : Resampler {
   inline void setFrequency();
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
-  ResampleLinear(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+  ResampleLinear(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
 
   real fraction;
   real step;

higan/nall/dsp/resample/nearest.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct ResampleNearest : Resampler {
   inline void setFrequency();
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
-  ResampleNearest(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+  ResampleNearest(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
 
   real fraction;
   real step;

higan/nall/dsp/resample/sinc.hpp

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ struct ResampleSinc : Resampler {
   inline void setFrequency();
   inline void clear();
   inline void sample();
-  inline ResampleSinc(DSP &dsp);
+  inline ResampleSinc(DSP& dsp);
 
 private:
   inline void remakeSinc();
-  SincResample *sinc_resampler[8];
+  SincResample* sinc_resampler[8];
 };
 
 void ResampleSinc::setFrequency() {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void ResampleSinc::sample() {
   dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
 }
 
-ResampleSinc::ResampleSinc(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {
+ResampleSinc::ResampleSinc(DSP& dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) sinc_resampler[n] = nullptr;
 }
 

higan/nall/emulation/super-famicom-usart.hpp

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ static void sigint(int) {
   usart_sigint = true;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -20);  //requires superuser privileges; otherwise priority = +0
   signal(SIGINT, sigint);
 

higan/nall/file.hpp

@@ -9,346 +9,348 @@
 #include <nall/stream/memory.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  inline FILE* fopen_utf8(const string &utf8_filename, const char *mode) {
+
+inline FILE* fopen_utf8(const string& filename, const string& mode) {
+  #if !defined(_WIN32)
+  return fopen(filename, mode);
+  #else
+  return _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), utf16_t(mode));
+  #endif
+}
+
+struct file {
+  enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, modify, append, readwrite = modify, writeread = append };
+  enum class index : unsigned { absolute, relative };
+  enum class time : unsigned { create, modify, access };
+
+  static bool copy(const string& sourcename, const string& targetname) {
+    file rd, wr;
+    if(rd.open(sourcename, mode::read) == false) return false;
+    if(wr.open(targetname, mode::write) == false) return false;
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < rd.size(); n++) wr.write(rd.read());
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static bool move(const string& sourcename, const string& targetname) {
     #if !defined(_WIN32)
-    return fopen(utf8_filename, mode);
+    return rename(sourcename, targetname) == 0;
     #else
-    return _wfopen(utf16_t(utf8_filename), utf16_t(mode));
+    return _wrename(utf16_t(sourcename), utf16_t(targetname)) == 0;
     #endif
   }
 
-  struct file {
-    enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, modify, append, readwrite = modify, writeread = append };
-    enum class index : unsigned { absolute, relative };
-    enum class time : unsigned { create, modify, access };
+  static bool remove(const string& filename) {
+    return unlink(filename) == 0;
+  }
 
-    static bool copy(const string &sourcename, const string &targetname) {
-      file rd, wr;
-      if(rd.open(sourcename, mode::read) == false) return false;
-      if(wr.open(targetname, mode::write) == false) return false;
-      for(unsigned n = 0; n < rd.size(); n++) wr.write(rd.read());
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static bool move(const string &sourcename, const string &targetname) {
-      #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      return rename(sourcename, targetname) == 0;
-      #else
-      return _wrename(utf16_t(sourcename), utf16_t(targetname)) == 0;
-      #endif
-    }
-
-    static bool remove(const string &filename) {
-      return unlink(filename) == 0;
-    }
-
-    static bool truncate(const string &filename, unsigned size) {
-      #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      return truncate(filename, size) == 0;
-      #else
-      bool result = false;
-      FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb+");
-      if(fp) {
-        result = _chsize(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
-        fclose(fp);
-      }
-      return result;
-      #endif
-    }
-
-    static vector<uint8_t> read(const string &filename) {
-      vector<uint8_t> memory;
-      file fp;
-      if(fp.open(filename, mode::read)) {
-        memory.resize(fp.size());
-        fp.read(memory.data(), memory.size());
-      }
-      return memory;
-    }
-
-    static bool read(const string &filename, uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
-      file fp;
-      if(fp.open(filename, mode::read) == false) return false;
-      fp.read(data, size);
-      fp.close();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static bool write(const string &filename, const string &text) {
-      file fp;
-      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
-      fp.print(text);
-      fp.close();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static bool write(const string &filename, const vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
-      file fp;
-      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
-      fp.write(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
-      fp.close();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static bool write(const string &filename, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
-      file fp;
-      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
-      fp.write(data, size);
-      fp.close();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static bool create(const string &filename) {
-      //create an empty file (will replace existing files)
-      file fp;
-      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
-      fp.close();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static string sha256(const string &filename) {
-      auto buffer = read(filename);
-      return nall::sha256(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
-    }
-
-    uint8_t read() {
-      if(!fp) return 0xff;                       //file not open
-      if(file_mode == mode::write) return 0xff;  //reads not permitted
-      if(file_offset >= file_size) return 0xff;  //cannot read past end of file
-      buffer_sync();
-      return buffer[(file_offset++) & buffer_mask];
-    }
-
-    uintmax_t readl(unsigned length = 1) {
-      uintmax_t data = 0;
-      for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        data |= (uintmax_t)read() << (i << 3);
-      }
-      return data;
-    }
-
-    uintmax_t readm(unsigned length = 1) {
-      uintmax_t data = 0;
-      while(length--) {
-        data <<= 8;
-        data |= read();
-      }
-      return data;
-    }
-
-    void read(uint8_t *buffer, unsigned length) {
-      while(length--) *buffer++ = read();
-    }
-
-    void write(uint8_t data) {
-      if(!fp) return;                      //file not open
-      if(file_mode == mode::read) return;  //writes not permitted
-      buffer_sync();
-      buffer[(file_offset++) & buffer_mask] = data;
-      buffer_dirty = true;
-      if(file_offset > file_size) file_size = file_offset;
-    }
-
-    void writel(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) {
-      while(length--) {
-        write(data);
-        data >>= 8;
-      }
-    }
-
-    void writem(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) {
-      for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        write(data >> (i << 3));
-      }
-    }
-
-    void write(const uint8_t *buffer, unsigned length) {
-      while(length--) write(*buffer++);
-    }
-
-    template<typename... Args> void print(Args... args) {
-      string data(args...);
-      const char *p = data;
-      while(*p) write(*p++);
-    }
-
-    void flush() {
-      buffer_flush();
-      fflush(fp);
-    }
-
-    void seek(int offset, index index_ = index::absolute) {
-      if(!fp) return;  //file not open
-      buffer_flush();
-
-      uintmax_t req_offset = file_offset;
-      switch(index_) {
-        case index::absolute: req_offset  = offset; break;
-        case index::relative: req_offset += offset; break;
-      }
-
-      if(req_offset < 0) req_offset = 0;  //cannot seek before start of file
-      if(req_offset > file_size) {
-        if(file_mode == mode::read) {     //cannot seek past end of file
-          req_offset = file_size;
-        } else {                          //pad file to requested location
-          file_offset = file_size;
-          while(file_size < req_offset) write(0x00);
-        }
-      }
-
-      file_offset = req_offset;
-    }
-
-    unsigned offset() const {
-      if(!fp) return 0;  //file not open
-      return file_offset;
-    }
-
-    unsigned size() const {
-      if(!fp) return 0;  //file not open
-      return file_size;
-    }
-
-    bool truncate(unsigned size) {
-      if(!fp) return false;  //file not open
-      #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      return ftruncate(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
-      #else
-      return _chsize(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
-      #endif
-    }
-
-    bool end() {
-      if(!fp) return true;  //file not open
-      return file_offset >= file_size;
-    }
-
-    static bool exists(const string &filename) {
-      #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      struct stat64 data;
-      if(stat64(filename, &data) != 0) return false;
-      #else
-      struct __stat64 data;
-      if(_wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data) != 0) return false;
-      #endif
-      //return true if this is a file, and false if this is a directory
-      return !(data.st_mode & S_IFDIR);
-    }
-
-    static uintmax_t size(const string &filename) {
-      #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      struct stat64 data;
-      stat64(filename, &data);
-      #else
-      struct __stat64 data;
-      _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
-      #endif
-      return S_ISREG(data.st_mode) ? data.st_size : 0u;
-    }
-
-    static time_t timestamp(const string &filename, file::time mode = file::time::create) {
-      #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      struct stat64 data;
-      stat64(filename, &data);
-      #else
-      struct __stat64 data;
-      _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
-      #endif
-      switch(mode) { default:
-        case file::time::create: return data.st_ctime;
-        case file::time::modify: return data.st_mtime;
-        case file::time::access: return data.st_atime;
-      }
-    }
-
-    bool open() const {
-      return fp;
-    }
-
-    explicit operator bool() const {
-      return open();
-    }
-
-    bool open(const string &filename, mode mode_) {
-      if(fp) return false;
-
-      switch(file_mode = mode_) {
-        #if !defined(_WIN32)
-        case mode::read:      fp = fopen(filename, "rb" ); break;
-        case mode::write:     fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;  //need read permission for buffering
-        case mode::readwrite: fp = fopen(filename, "rb+"); break;
-        case mode::writeread: fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;
-        #else
-        case mode::read:      fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb" ); break;
-        case mode::write:     fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
-        case mode::readwrite: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb+"); break;
-        case mode::writeread: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
-        #endif
-      }
-      if(!fp) return false;
-      buffer_offset = -1;  //invalidate buffer
-      file_offset = 0;
-      fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
-      file_size = ftell(fp);
-      fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    void close() {
-      if(!fp) return;
-      buffer_flush();
+  static bool truncate(const string& filename, unsigned size) {
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    return truncate(filename, size) == 0;
+    #else
+    bool result = false;
+    FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "rb+");
+    if(fp) {
+      result = _chsize(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
       fclose(fp);
-      fp = nullptr;
+    }
+    return result;
+    #endif
+  }
+
+  static vector<uint8_t> read(const string& filename) {
+    vector<uint8_t> memory;
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(filename, mode::read)) {
+      memory.resize(fp.size());
+      fp.read(memory.data(), memory.size());
+    }
+    return memory;
+  }
+
+  static bool read(const string& filename, uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(filename, mode::read) == false) return false;
+    fp.read(data, size);
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static bool write(const string& filename, const string& text) {
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+    fp.print(text);
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static bool write(const string& filename, const vector<uint8_t>& buffer) {
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+    fp.write(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static bool write(const string& filename, const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+    fp.write(data, size);
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static bool create(const string& filename) {
+    //create an empty file (will replace existing files)
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static string sha256(const string& filename) {
+    auto buffer = read(filename);
+    return nall::sha256(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  uint8_t read() {
+    if(!fp) return 0xff;                       //file not open
+    if(file_mode == mode::write) return 0xff;  //reads not permitted
+    if(file_offset >= file_size) return 0xff;  //cannot read past end of file
+    buffer_sync();
+    return buffer[(file_offset++) & buffer_mask];
+  }
+
+  uintmax_t readl(unsigned length = 1) {
+    uintmax_t data = 0;
+    for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      data |= (uintmax_t)read() << (i << 3);
+    }
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  uintmax_t readm(unsigned length = 1) {
+    uintmax_t data = 0;
+    while(length--) {
+      data <<= 8;
+      data |= read();
+    }
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  void read(uint8_t* buffer, unsigned length) {
+    while(length--) *buffer++ = read();
+  }
+
+  void write(uint8_t data) {
+    if(!fp) return;                      //file not open
+    if(file_mode == mode::read) return;  //writes not permitted
+    buffer_sync();
+    buffer[(file_offset++) & buffer_mask] = data;
+    buffer_dirty = true;
+    if(file_offset > file_size) file_size = file_offset;
+  }
+
+  void writel(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) {
+    while(length--) {
+      write(data);
+      data >>= 8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void writem(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) {
+    for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      write(data >> (i << 3));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void write(const uint8_t* buffer, unsigned length) {
+    while(length--) write(*buffer++);
+  }
+
+  template<typename... Args> void print(Args... args) {
+    string data(args...);
+    const char* p = data;
+    while(*p) write(*p++);
+  }
+
+  void flush() {
+    buffer_flush();
+    fflush(fp);
+  }
+
+  void seek(int offset, index index_ = index::absolute) {
+    if(!fp) return;  //file not open
+    buffer_flush();
+
+    uintmax_t req_offset = file_offset;
+    switch(index_) {
+    case index::absolute: req_offset  = offset; break;
+    case index::relative: req_offset += offset; break;
     }
 
-    file() {
-    }
-
-    file(const string &filename, mode mode_) {
-      open(filename, mode_);
-    }
-
-    ~file() {
-      close();
-    }
-
-    file& operator=(const file&) = delete;
-    file(const file&) = delete;
-
-  private:
-    enum { buffer_size = 1 << 12, buffer_mask = buffer_size - 1 };
-    char buffer[buffer_size] = {0};
-    int buffer_offset = -1;  //invalidate buffer
-    bool buffer_dirty = false;
-    FILE *fp = nullptr;
-    unsigned file_offset = 0;
-    unsigned file_size = 0;
-    mode file_mode = mode::read;
-
-    void buffer_sync() {
-      if(!fp) return;  //file not open
-      if(buffer_offset != (file_offset & ~buffer_mask)) {
-        buffer_flush();
-        buffer_offset = file_offset & ~buffer_mask;
-        fseek(fp, buffer_offset, SEEK_SET);
-        unsigned length = (buffer_offset + buffer_size) <= file_size ? buffer_size : (file_size & buffer_mask);
-        if(length) unsigned unused = fread(buffer, 1, length, fp);
+    if(req_offset < 0) req_offset = 0;  //cannot seek before start of file
+    if(req_offset > file_size) {
+      if(file_mode == mode::read) {     //cannot seek past end of file
+        req_offset = file_size;
+      } else {                          //pad file to requested location
+        file_offset = file_size;
+        while(file_size < req_offset) write(0x00);
       }
     }
 
-    void buffer_flush() {
-      if(!fp) return;                      //file not open
-      if(file_mode == mode::read) return;  //buffer cannot be written to
-      if(buffer_offset < 0) return;        //buffer unused
-      if(buffer_dirty == false) return;    //buffer unmodified since read
+    file_offset = req_offset;
+  }
+
+  unsigned offset() const {
+    if(!fp) return 0;  //file not open
+    return file_offset;
+  }
+
+  unsigned size() const {
+    if(!fp) return 0;  //file not open
+    return file_size;
+  }
+
+  bool truncate(unsigned size) {
+    if(!fp) return false;  //file not open
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    return ftruncate(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
+    #else
+    return _chsize(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
+    #endif
+  }
+
+  bool end() {
+    if(!fp) return true;  //file not open
+    return file_offset >= file_size;
+  }
+
+  static bool exists(const string& filename) {
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    struct stat64 data;
+    if(stat64(filename, &data) != 0) return false;
+    #else
+    struct __stat64 data;
+    if(_wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data) != 0) return false;
+    #endif
+    //return true if this is a file, and false if this is a directory
+    return !(data.st_mode & S_IFDIR);
+  }
+
+  static uintmax_t size(const string& filename) {
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    struct stat64 data;
+    stat64(filename, &data);
+    #else
+    struct __stat64 data;
+    _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
+    #endif
+    return S_ISREG(data.st_mode) ? data.st_size : 0u;
+  }
+
+  static time_t timestamp(const string& filename, file::time mode = file::time::create) {
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    struct stat64 data;
+    stat64(filename, &data);
+    #else
+    struct __stat64 data;
+    _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
+    #endif
+    switch(mode) { default:
+    case file::time::create: return data.st_ctime;
+    case file::time::modify: return data.st_mtime;
+    case file::time::access: return data.st_atime;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool open() const {
+    return fp;
+  }
+
+  explicit operator bool() const {
+    return open();
+  }
+
+  bool open(const string& filename, mode mode_) {
+    if(fp) return false;
+
+    switch(file_mode = mode_) {
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    case mode::read:      fp = fopen(filename, "rb" ); break;
+    case mode::write:     fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;  //need read permission for buffering
+    case mode::readwrite: fp = fopen(filename, "rb+"); break;
+    case mode::writeread: fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;
+    #else
+    case mode::read:      fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb" ); break;
+    case mode::write:     fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
+    case mode::readwrite: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb+"); break;
+    case mode::writeread: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
+    #endif
+    }
+    if(!fp) return false;
+    buffer_offset = -1;  //invalidate buffer
+    file_offset = 0;
+    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+    file_size = ftell(fp);
+    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void close() {
+    if(!fp) return;
+    buffer_flush();
+    fclose(fp);
+    fp = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  file() {
+  }
+
+  file(const string& filename, mode mode_) {
+    open(filename, mode_);
+  }
+
+  ~file() {
+    close();
+  }
+
+  file& operator=(const file&) = delete;
+  file(const file&) = delete;
+
+private:
+  enum { buffer_size = 1 << 12, buffer_mask = buffer_size - 1 };
+  char buffer[buffer_size] = {0};
+  int buffer_offset = -1;  //invalidate buffer
+  bool buffer_dirty = false;
+  FILE *fp = nullptr;
+  unsigned file_offset = 0;
+  unsigned file_size = 0;
+  mode file_mode = mode::read;
+
+  void buffer_sync() {
+    if(!fp) return;  //file not open
+    if(buffer_offset != (file_offset & ~buffer_mask)) {
+      buffer_flush();
+      buffer_offset = file_offset & ~buffer_mask;
       fseek(fp, buffer_offset, SEEK_SET);
       unsigned length = (buffer_offset + buffer_size) <= file_size ? buffer_size : (file_size & buffer_mask);
-      if(length) unsigned unused = fwrite(buffer, 1, length, fp);
-      buffer_offset = -1;                  //invalidate buffer
-      buffer_dirty = false;
+      if(length) unsigned unused = fread(buffer, 1, length, fp);
     }
-  };
+  }
+
+  void buffer_flush() {
+    if(!fp) return;                      //file not open
+    if(file_mode == mode::read) return;  //buffer cannot be written to
+    if(buffer_offset < 0) return;        //buffer unused
+    if(buffer_dirty == false) return;    //buffer unmodified since read
+    fseek(fp, buffer_offset, SEEK_SET);
+    unsigned length = (buffer_offset + buffer_size) <= file_size ? buffer_size : (file_size & buffer_mask);
+    if(length) unsigned unused = fwrite(buffer, 1, length, fp);
+    buffer_offset = -1;                  //invalidate buffer
+    buffer_dirty = false;
+  }
+};
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/filemap.hpp

@@ -18,197 +18,198 @@
 #endif
 
 namespace nall {
-  class filemap {
-  public:
-    enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, readwrite, writeread };
 
-    explicit operator bool() const { return open(); }
-    bool open() const { return p_open(); }
-    bool open(const char *filename, mode mode_) { return p_open(filename, mode_); }
-    void close() { return p_close(); }
-    unsigned size() const { return p_size; }
-    uint8_t* data() { return p_handle; }
-    const uint8_t* data() const { return p_handle; }
-    filemap() : p_size(0), p_handle(nullptr) { p_ctor(); }
-    filemap(const char *filename, mode mode_) : p_size(0), p_handle(nullptr) { p_ctor(); p_open(filename, mode_); }
-    ~filemap() { p_dtor(); }
+struct filemap {
+  enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, readwrite, writeread };
 
-  private:
-    unsigned p_size;
-    uint8_t *p_handle;
+  explicit operator bool() const { return open(); }
+  bool open() const { return p_open(); }
+  bool open(const string& filename, mode mode_) { return p_open(filename, mode_); }
+  void close() { return p_close(); }
+  unsigned size() const { return p_size; }
+  uint8_t* data() { return p_handle; }
+  const uint8_t* data() const { return p_handle; }
+  filemap() { p_ctor(); }
+  filemap(const string& filename, mode mode_) { p_ctor(); p_open(filename, mode_); }
+  ~filemap() { p_dtor(); }
 
-    #if defined(_WIN32)
-    //=============
-    //MapViewOfFile
-    //=============
+private:
+  uint8_t *p_handle = nullptr;
+  unsigned p_size = 0;
 
-    HANDLE p_filehandle, p_maphandle;
+  #if defined(_WIN32)
+  //=============
+  //MapViewOfFile
+  //=============
 
-    bool p_open() const {
-      return p_handle;
+  HANDLE p_filehandle, p_maphandle;
+
+  bool p_open() const {
+    return p_handle;
+  }
+
+  bool p_open(const string& filename, mode mode_) {
+    if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
+      p_handle = nullptr;
+      p_size = 0;
+      return true;
     }
 
-    bool p_open(const char *filename, mode mode_) {
-      if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
-        p_handle = nullptr;
-        p_size = 0;
-        return true;
-      }
+    int desired_access, creation_disposition, flprotect, map_access;
 
-      int desired_access, creation_disposition, flprotect, map_access;
-
-      switch(mode_) {
-        default: return false;
-        case mode::read:
-          desired_access = GENERIC_READ;
-          creation_disposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
-          flprotect = PAGE_READONLY;
-          map_access = FILE_MAP_READ;
-          break;
-        case mode::write:
-          //write access requires read access
-          desired_access = GENERIC_WRITE;
-          creation_disposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;
-          flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
-          map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
-          break;
-        case mode::readwrite:
-          desired_access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
-          creation_disposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
-          flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
-          map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
-          break;
-        case mode::writeread:
-          desired_access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
-          creation_disposition = CREATE_NEW;
-          flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
-          map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
-          break;
-      }
-
-      p_filehandle = CreateFileW(utf16_t(filename), desired_access, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr,
-        creation_disposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
-      if(p_filehandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;
-
-      p_size = GetFileSize(p_filehandle, nullptr);
-
-      p_maphandle = CreateFileMapping(p_filehandle, nullptr, flprotect, 0, p_size, nullptr);
-      if(p_maphandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        CloseHandle(p_filehandle);
-        p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      p_handle = (uint8_t*)MapViewOfFile(p_maphandle, map_access, 0, 0, p_size);
-      return p_handle;
+    switch(mode_) {
+    default: return false;
+    case mode::read:
+      desired_access = GENERIC_READ;
+      creation_disposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
+      flprotect = PAGE_READONLY;
+      map_access = FILE_MAP_READ;
+      break;
+    case mode::write:
+      //write access requires read access
+      desired_access = GENERIC_WRITE;
+      creation_disposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;
+      flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+      map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+      break;
+    case mode::readwrite:
+      desired_access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
+      creation_disposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
+      flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+      map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+      break;
+    case mode::writeread:
+      desired_access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
+      creation_disposition = CREATE_NEW;
+      flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+      map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+      break;
     }
 
-    void p_close() {
-      if(p_handle) {
-        UnmapViewOfFile(p_handle);
-        p_handle = nullptr;
-      }
+    p_filehandle = CreateFileW(utf16_t(filename), desired_access, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr,
+      creation_disposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
+    if(p_filehandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;
 
-      if(p_maphandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        CloseHandle(p_maphandle);
-        p_maphandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-      }
+    p_size = GetFileSize(p_filehandle, nullptr);
 
-      if(p_filehandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        CloseHandle(p_filehandle);
-        p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-      }
-    }
-
-    void p_ctor() {
+    p_maphandle = CreateFileMapping(p_filehandle, nullptr, flprotect, 0, p_size, nullptr);
+    if(p_maphandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      CloseHandle(p_filehandle);
       p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-      p_maphandle  = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+      return false;
     }
 
-    void p_dtor() {
-      close();
+    p_handle = (uint8_t*)MapViewOfFile(p_maphandle, map_access, 0, 0, p_size);
+    return p_handle;
+  }
+
+  void p_close() {
+    if(p_handle) {
+      UnmapViewOfFile(p_handle);
+      p_handle = nullptr;
     }
 
-    #else
-    //====
-    //mmap
-    //====
-
-    int p_fd;
-
-    bool p_open() const {
-      return p_handle;
+    if(p_maphandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      CloseHandle(p_maphandle);
+      p_maphandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
     }
 
-    bool p_open(const char *filename, mode mode_) {
-      if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
-        p_handle = nullptr;
-        p_size = 0;
-        return true;
-      }
+    if(p_filehandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      CloseHandle(p_filehandle);
+      p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    }
+  }
 
-      int open_flags, mmap_flags;
+  void p_ctor() {
+    p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    p_maphandle  = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+  }
 
-      switch(mode_) {
-        default: return false;
-        case mode::read:
-          open_flags = O_RDONLY;
-          mmap_flags = PROT_READ;
-          break;
-        case mode::write:
-          open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;  //mmap() requires read access
-          mmap_flags = PROT_WRITE;
-          break;
-        case mode::readwrite:
-          open_flags = O_RDWR;
-          mmap_flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
-          break;
-        case mode::writeread:
-          open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
-          mmap_flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
-          break;
-      }
+  void p_dtor() {
+    close();
+  }
 
-      p_fd = ::open(filename, open_flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
-      if(p_fd < 0) return false;
+  #else
+  //====
+  //mmap
+  //====
 
-      struct stat p_stat;
-      fstat(p_fd, &p_stat);
-      p_size = p_stat.st_size;
+  int p_fd;
 
-      p_handle = (uint8_t*)mmap(nullptr, p_size, mmap_flags, MAP_SHARED, p_fd, 0);
-      if(p_handle == MAP_FAILED) {
-        p_handle = nullptr;
-        ::close(p_fd);
-        p_fd = -1;
-        return false;
-      }
+  bool p_open() const {
+    return p_handle;
+  }
 
-      return p_handle;
+  bool p_open(const string& filename, mode mode_) {
+    if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
+      p_handle = nullptr;
+      p_size = 0;
+      return true;
     }
 
-    void p_close() {
-      if(p_handle) {
-        munmap(p_handle, p_size);
-        p_handle = nullptr;
-      }
+    int open_flags, mmap_flags;
 
-      if(p_fd >= 0) {
-        ::close(p_fd);
-        p_fd = -1;
-      }
+    switch(mode_) {
+    default: return false;
+    case mode::read:
+      open_flags = O_RDONLY;
+      mmap_flags = PROT_READ;
+      break;
+    case mode::write:
+      open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;  //mmap() requires read access
+      mmap_flags = PROT_WRITE;
+      break;
+    case mode::readwrite:
+      open_flags = O_RDWR;
+      mmap_flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+      break;
+    case mode::writeread:
+      open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
+      mmap_flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+      break;
     }
 
-    void p_ctor() {
+    p_fd = ::open(filename, open_flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
+    if(p_fd < 0) return false;
+
+    struct stat p_stat;
+    fstat(p_fd, &p_stat);
+    p_size = p_stat.st_size;
+
+    p_handle = (uint8_t*)mmap(nullptr, p_size, mmap_flags, MAP_SHARED, p_fd, 0);
+    if(p_handle == MAP_FAILED) {
+      p_handle = nullptr;
+      ::close(p_fd);
+      p_fd = -1;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return p_handle;
+  }
+
+  void p_close() {
+    if(p_handle) {
+      munmap(p_handle, p_size);
+      p_handle = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if(p_fd >= 0) {
+      ::close(p_fd);
       p_fd = -1;
     }
+  }
 
-    void p_dtor() {
-      p_close();
-    }
+  void p_ctor() {
+    p_fd = -1;
+  }
+
+  void p_dtor() {
+    p_close();
+  }
+
+  #endif
+};
 
-    #endif
-  };
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/function.hpp

@@ -2,59 +2,63 @@
 #define NALL_FUNCTION_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename T> class function;
 
-  template<typename R, typename... P> class function<R (P...)> {
-    struct container {
-      virtual R operator()(P... p) const = 0;
-      virtual container* copy() const = 0;
-      virtual ~container() {}
-    } *callback;
+template<typename T> class function;
 
-    struct global : container {
-      R (*function)(P...);
-      R operator()(P... p) const { return function(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
-      container* copy() const { return new global(function); }
-      global(R (*function)(P...)) : function(function) {}
-    };
-
-    template<typename C> struct member : container {
-      R (C::*function)(P...);
-      C *object;
-      R operator()(P... p) const { return (object->*function)(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
-      container* copy() const { return new member(function, object); }
-      member(R (C::*function)(P...), C *object) : function(function), object(object) {}
-    };
-
-    template<typename L> struct lambda : container {
-      mutable L object;
-      R operator()(P... p) const { return object(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
-      container* copy() const { return new lambda(object); }
-      lambda(const L& object) : object(object) {}
-    };
-
-  public:
-    explicit operator bool() const { return callback; }
-    R operator()(P... p) const { return (*callback)(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
-    void reset() { if(callback) { delete callback; callback = nullptr; } }
-
-    function& operator=(const function &source) {
-      if(this != &source) {
-        if(callback) { delete callback; callback = nullptr; }
-        if(source.callback) callback = source.callback->copy();
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    function(const function &source) : callback(nullptr) { operator=(source); }
-    function() : callback(nullptr) {}
-    function(void *function) : callback(nullptr) { if(function) callback = new global((R (*)(P...))function); }
-    function(R (*function)(P...)) { callback = new global(function); }
-    template<typename C> function(R (C::*function)(P...), C *object) { callback = new member<C>(function, object); }
-    template<typename C> function(R (C::*function)(P...) const, C *object) { callback = new member<C>((R (C::*)(P...))function, object); }
-    template<typename L> function(const L& object) { callback = new lambda<L>(object); }
-    ~function() { if(callback) delete callback; }
+template<typename R, typename... P> class function<R (P...)> {
+  struct container {
+    virtual R operator()(P... p) const = 0;
+    virtual container* copy() const = 0;
+    virtual ~container() {}
   };
+
+  container* callback = nullptr;
+
+  struct global : container {
+    R (*function)(P...);
+    R operator()(P... p) const { return function(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
+    container* copy() const { return new global(function); }
+    global(R (*function)(P...)) : function(function) {}
+  };
+
+  template<typename C> struct member : container {
+    R (C::*function)(P...);
+    C* object;
+    R operator()(P... p) const { return (object->*function)(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
+    container* copy() const { return new member(function, object); }
+    member(R (C::*function)(P...), C* object) : function(function), object(object) {}
+  };
+
+  template<typename L> struct lambda : container {
+    mutable L object;
+    R operator()(P... p) const { return object(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
+    container* copy() const { return new lambda(object); }
+    lambda(const L& object) : object(object) {}
+  };
+
+public:
+  explicit operator bool() const { return callback; }
+  R operator()(P... p) const { return (*callback)(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
+  void reset() { if(callback) { delete callback; callback = nullptr; } }
+
+  function& operator=(const function& source) {
+    if(this != &source) {
+      if(callback) { delete callback; callback = nullptr; }
+      if(source.callback) callback = source.callback->copy();
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  function() = default;
+  function(const function &source) { operator=(source); }
+  function(void* function) { if(function) callback = new global((R (*)(P...))function); }
+  function(R (*function)(P...)) { callback = new global(function); }
+  template<typename C> function(R (C::*function)(P...), C* object) { callback = new member<C>(function, object); }
+  template<typename C> function(R (C::*function)(P...) const, C* object) { callback = new member<C>((R (C::*)(P...))function, object); }
+  template<typename L> function(const L& object) { callback = new lambda<L>(object); }
+  ~function() { if(callback) delete callback; }
+};
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/group.hpp

@@ -1,132 +1,62 @@
 #ifndef NALL_GROUP_HPP
 #define NALL_GROUP_HPP
 
-//group: a vector of unique references
+//group
+//vector of unique references
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <utility>
-#include <nall/bit.hpp>
-#include <nall/traits.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
 
-template<typename TR> struct group {
-  struct exception_out_of_bounds{};
-  typedef typename std::remove_reference<TR>::type T;
+template<typename T> struct group : protected vector<T*> {
+  group& operator=(const group& source) { vector<T*>::operator=(source); return *this; }
+  group& operator=(group&& source) { vector<T*>::operator=(std::move(source)); return *this; }
+  template<typename... Args> group(Args&&... args) { construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...); }
 
-protected:
-  T** pool = nullptr;
-  unsigned poolsize = 0;
-  unsigned objectsize = 0;
+  bool empty() const { return vector<T*>::empty(); }
+  unsigned size() const { return vector<T*>::size(); }
+  void reset() { vector<T*>::reset(); }
 
-public:
-  unsigned size() const { return objectsize; }
-  unsigned capacity() const { return poolsize; }
+  T& first() const { return *vector<T*>::operator[](0); }
 
-  void reset() {
-    if(pool) free(pool);
-    pool = nullptr;
-    poolsize = 0;
-    objectsize = 0;
+  //return true if at least one item was appended
+  template<typename... Args> bool append(T& value, Args&&... args) {
+    bool result = append(value);
+    return append(std::forward<Args>(args)...) | result;
   }
 
-  void reserve(unsigned size) {
-    if(size == poolsize) return;
-    pool = (T**)realloc(pool, sizeof(T*) * size);
-    poolsize = size;
-    objectsize = min(objectsize, size);
+  bool append(T& value) {
+    if(vector<T*>::find(&value)) return false;
+    return vector<T*>::append(&value), true;
   }
 
-  void resize(unsigned size) {
-    if(size > poolsize) reserve(bit::round(size));  //amortize growth
-    objectsize = size;
+  //return true if at least one item was removed
+  template<typename... Args> bool remove(T& value, Args&&... args) {
+    bool result = remove(value);
+    return remove(std::forward<Args>(args)...) | result;
   }
 
-  bool append(T& data) {
-    if(find(data)) return false;
-    unsigned offset = objectsize++;
-    if(offset >= poolsize) resize(offset + 1);
-    pool[offset] = &data;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  template<typename... Args>
-  bool append(T& data, Args&&... args) {
-    bool result = append(data);
-    append(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  bool remove(T& data) {
-    if(auto position = find(data)) {
-      for(signed i = position(); i < objectsize - 1; i++) pool[i] = pool[i + 1];
-      resize(objectsize - 1);
-      return true;
-    }
+  bool remove(T& value) {
+    if(auto position = vector<T*>::find(&value)) return vector<T*>::remove(position()), true;
     return false;
   }
 
-  optional<unsigned> find(const T& data) {
-    for(unsigned n = 0; n < objectsize; n++) if(pool[n] == &data) return {true, n};
-    return {false, 0u};
-  }
-
-  template<typename... Args> group(Args&&... args) {
-    construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-  }
-
-  ~group() {
-    reset();
-  }
-
-  group& operator=(const group& source) {
-    if(&source == this) return *this;
-    reset();
-    reserve(source.poolsize);
-    resize(source.objectsize);
-    memcpy(pool, source.pool, sizeof(T*) * objectsize);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  group& operator=(const group&& source) {
-    if(&source == this) return *this;
-    reset();
-    pool = source.pool;
-    poolsize = source.poolsize;
-    objectsize = source.objectsize;
-    source.pool = nullptr;
-    source.reset();
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  T& operator[](unsigned position) const {
-    if(position >= objectsize) throw exception_out_of_bounds();
-    return *pool[position];
-  }
-
-  struct iterator {
-    bool operator!=(const iterator& source) const { return position != source.position; }
-    T& operator*() { return source.operator[](position); }
-    iterator& operator++() { position++; return *this; }
-    iterator(const group& source, unsigned position) : source(source), position(position) {}
-  private:
-    const group& source;
-    unsigned position;
+  struct iterator : protected vector<T*>::const_iterator {
+    T& operator*() const { return *vector<T*>::const_iterator::operator*(); }
+    bool operator!=(const iterator& source) const { return vector<T*>::const_iterator::operator!=(source); }
+    iterator& operator++() { vector<T*>::const_iterator::operator++(); return *this; }
+    iterator(const group& source, unsigned position) : vector<T*>::const_iterator(source, position) {}
   };
 
-  iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, 0); }
-  iterator end() { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
   const iterator begin() const { return iterator(*this, 0); }
-  const iterator end() const { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
+  const iterator end() const { return iterator(*this, size()); }
 
 private:
   void construct() {}
-  void construct(const group& source) { operator=(source); }
-  void construct(const group&& source) { operator=(std::move(source)); }
-  template<typename... Args> void construct(T& data, Args&&... args) {
-    append(data);
+  void construct(const group& source) { vector<T*>::operator=(source); }
+  void construct(group&& source) { vector<T*>::operator=(std::move(source)); }
+  template<typename... Args> void construct(T& value, Args&&... args) {
+    append(value);
     construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
   }
 };

higan/nall/gzip.hpp

@@ -8,24 +8,24 @@ namespace nall {
 
 struct gzip {
   string filename;
-  uint8_t *data;
-  unsigned size;
+  uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+  unsigned size = 0;
 
-  inline bool decompress(const string &filename);
-  inline bool decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool decompress(const string& filename);
+  inline bool decompress(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
 
   inline gzip();
   inline ~gzip();
 };
 
-bool gzip::decompress(const string &filename) {
+bool gzip::decompress(const string& filename) {
   if(auto memory = file::read(filename)) {
     return decompress(memory.data(), memory.size());
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-bool gzip::decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+bool gzip::decompress(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   if(size < 18) return false;
   if(data[0] != 0x1f) return false;
   if(data[1] != 0x8b) return false;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ bool gzip::decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   return inflate(this->data, this->size, data + p, size - p - 8);
 }
 
-gzip::gzip() : data(nullptr) {
+gzip::gzip() {
 }
 
 gzip::~gzip() {

higan/nall/http.hpp

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ namespace nall {
 
 struct http {
   string hostname;
-  addrinfo *serverinfo;
+  addrinfo* serverinfo;
   int serversocket;
   string header;
 
-  inline void download(const string &path, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+  inline void download(const string& path, uint8_t*& data, unsigned& size) {
     data = nullptr;
     size = 0;
 
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ struct http {
     return true;
   }
 
-  inline bool send(const string &data) {
+  inline bool send(const string& data) {
     return send((const uint8_t*)(const char*)data, data.length());
   }
 
-  inline bool send(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  inline bool send(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
     while(size) {
       int length = ::send(serversocket, (const char*)data, size, 0);
       if(length == -1) return false;
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ struct http {
     return output;
   }
 
-  inline void downloadContent(uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+  inline void downloadContent(uint8_t*& data, unsigned& size) {
     unsigned capacity = 0;
 
     if(header.iposition("\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n")) {

higan/nall/image.hpp

@@ -11,67 +11,72 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct image {
-  uint8_t *data;
-  unsigned width;
-  unsigned height;
-  unsigned pitch;
+  uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+  unsigned width = 0;
+  unsigned height = 0;
+  unsigned pitch = 0;
 
-  bool endian;  //0 = little, 1 = big
-  unsigned depth;
-  unsigned stride;
+  bool endian = 0;
+  unsigned depth = 32;
+  unsigned stride = 4;
 
   struct Channel {
     uint64_t mask;
     unsigned depth;
     unsigned shift;
 
-    inline bool operator==(const Channel &source) {
+    inline bool operator==(const Channel& source) {
       return mask == source.mask && depth == source.depth && shift == source.shift;
     }
 
-    inline bool operator!=(const Channel &source) {
+    inline bool operator!=(const Channel& source) {
       return !operator==(source);
     }
-  } alpha, red, green, blue;
+  };
+
+  Channel alpha = {255u << 24, 8u, 24};
+  Channel red   = {255u << 16, 8u, 16};
+  Channel green = {255u <<  8, 8u,  8};
+  Channel blue  = {255u <<  0, 8u,  0};
 
   typedef double (*interpolation)(double, double, double, double, double);
   static inline unsigned bitDepth(uint64_t color);
   static inline unsigned bitShift(uint64_t color);
   static inline uint64_t normalize(uint64_t color, unsigned sourceDepth, unsigned targetDepth);
 
-  inline bool operator==(const image &source);
-  inline bool operator!=(const image &source);
+  inline bool operator==(const image& source);
+  inline bool operator!=(const image& source);
 
-  inline image& operator=(const image &source);
-  inline image& operator=(image &&source);
-  inline image(const image &source);
-  inline image(image &&source);
+  inline image& operator=(const image& source);
+  inline image& operator=(image&& source);
+  inline image(const image& source);
+  inline image(image&& source);
   inline image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask);
-  inline image(const string &filename);
-  inline image(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline image(const string& filename);
+  inline image(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
   inline image();
   inline ~image();
 
-  inline uint64_t read(const uint8_t *data) const;
-  inline void write(uint8_t *data, uint64_t value) const;
+  inline uint64_t read(const uint8_t* data) const;
+  inline void write(uint8_t* data, uint64_t value) const;
 
   inline void free();
   inline bool empty() const;
   inline void allocate(unsigned width, unsigned height);
   inline void clear(uint64_t color);
-  inline bool load(const string &filename);
-//inline bool loadBMP(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
-  inline bool loadPNG(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool load(const string& filename);
+//inline bool loadBMP(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool loadPNG(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
   inline void scale(unsigned width, unsigned height, interpolation op);
   inline void transform(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask);
   inline void alphaBlend(uint64_t alphaColor);
 
 protected:
-  inline uint64_t interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t *s, interpolation op);
+  inline uint64_t interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t* s, interpolation op);
   inline void scaleX(unsigned width, interpolation op);
   inline void scaleY(unsigned height, interpolation op);
-  inline bool loadBMP(const string &filename);
-  inline bool loadPNG(const string &filename);
+  inline bool loadBMP(const string& filename);
+  inline bool loadPNG(const string& filename);
 };
 
 //static
@@ -100,7 +105,7 @@ uint64_t image::normalize(uint64_t color, unsigned sourceDepth, unsigned targetD
 
 //public
 
-bool image::operator==(const image &source) {
+bool image::operator==(const image& source) {
   if(width != source.width) return false;
   if(height != source.height) return false;
   if(pitch != source.pitch) return false;
@@ -116,11 +121,11 @@ bool image::operator==(const image &source) {
   return memcmp(data, source.data, width * height * stride) == 0;
 }
 
-bool image::operator!=(const image &source) {
+bool image::operator!=(const image& source) {
   return !operator==(source);
 }
 
-image& image::operator=(const image &source) {
+image& image::operator=(const image& source) {
   free();
 
   width = source.width;
@@ -140,7 +145,7 @@ image& image::operator=(const image &source) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-image& image::operator=(image &&source) {
+image& image::operator=(image&& source) {
   free();
 
   width = source.width;
@@ -160,79 +165,41 @@ image& image::operator=(image &&source) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-image::image(const image &source) : data(nullptr) {
+image::image(const image& source) {
   operator=(source);
 }
 
-image::image(image &&source) : data(nullptr) {
+image::image(image&& source) {
   operator=(std::forward<image>(source));
 }
 
-image::image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask) : data(nullptr) {
-  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
-
+image::image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask) {
   this->endian = endian;
   this->depth = depth;
   this->stride = (depth / 8) + ((depth & 7) > 0);
 
-  alpha.mask = alphaMask, red.mask = redMask, green.mask = greenMask, blue.mask = blueMask;
-  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
-  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
-  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
-  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+  alpha = {alphaMask, bitDepth(alphaMask), bitShift(alphaMask)};
+  red = {redMask, bitDepth(redMask), bitShift(redMask)};
+  green = {greenMask, bitDepth(greenMask), bitShift(greenMask)};
+  blue = {blueMask, bitDepth(blueMask), bitShift(blueMask)};
 }
 
-image::image(const string &filename) : data(nullptr) {
-  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
-
-  this->endian = 0;
-  this->depth = 32;
-  this->stride = 4;
-
-  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
-  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
-  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
-  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
-  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
-
+image::image(const string& filename) {
   load(filename);
 }
 
-image::image(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) : data(nullptr) {
-  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
-
-  this->endian = 0;
-  this->depth = 32;
-  this->stride = 4;
-
-  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
-  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
-  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
-  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
-  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
-
+image::image(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   loadPNG(data, size);
 }
 
-image::image() : data(nullptr) {
-  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
-
-  this->endian = 0;
-  this->depth = 32;
-  this->stride = 4;
-
-  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
-  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
-  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
-  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
-  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+image::image() {
 }
 
 image::~image() {
   free();
 }
 
-uint64_t image::read(const uint8_t *data) const {
+uint64_t image::read(const uint8_t* data) const {
   uint64_t result = 0;
   if(endian == 0) {
     for(signed n = stride - 1; n >= 0; n--) result = (result << 8) | data[n];
@@ -242,7 +209,7 @@ uint64_t image::read(const uint8_t *data) const {
   return result;
 }
 
-void image::write(uint8_t *data, uint64_t value) const {
+void image::write(uint8_t* data, uint64_t value) const {
   if(endian == 0) {
     for(signed n = 0; n < stride; n++) { data[n] = value; value >>= 8; }
   } else {
@@ -278,7 +245,7 @@ void image::clear(uint64_t color) {
   }
 }
 
-bool image::load(const string &filename) {
+bool image::load(const string& filename) {
   if(loadBMP(filename) == true) return true;
   if(loadPNG(filename) == true) return true;
   return false;
@@ -295,8 +262,8 @@ void image::transform(bool outputEndian, unsigned outputDepth, uint64_t outputAl
 
   #pragma omp parallel for
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-    uint8_t *dp = output.data + output.pitch * y;
-    uint8_t *sp = data + pitch * y;
+    uint8_t* dp = output.data + output.pitch * y;
+    uint8_t* sp = data + pitch * y;
     for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
       uint64_t color = read(sp);
       sp += stride;
@@ -326,7 +293,7 @@ void image::alphaBlend(uint64_t alphaColor) {
 
   #pragma omp parallel for
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-    uint8_t *dp = data + pitch * y;
+    uint8_t* dp = data + pitch * y;
     for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
       uint64_t color = read(dp);
 
@@ -349,7 +316,7 @@ void image::alphaBlend(uint64_t alphaColor) {
 
 //protected
 
-uint64_t image::interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t *s, double (*op)(double, double, double, double, double)) {
+uint64_t image::interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t* s, double (*op)(double, double, double, double, double)) {
   uint64_t aa = (s[0] & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift, ar = (s[0] & red.mask) >> red.shift,
            ag = (s[0] & green.mask) >> green.shift, ab = (s[0] & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
   uint64_t ba = (s[1] & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift, br = (s[1] & red.mask) >> red.shift,
@@ -373,18 +340,18 @@ uint64_t image::interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t *s, double (*op)(double, d
 }
 
 void image::scaleX(unsigned outputWidth, interpolation op) {
-  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[outputWidth * height * stride];
+  uint8_t* outputData = new uint8_t[outputWidth * height * stride];
   unsigned outputPitch = outputWidth * stride;
   double step = (double)width / (double)outputWidth;
-  const uint8_t *terminal = data + pitch * height;
+  const uint8_t* terminal = data + pitch * height;
 
   #pragma omp parallel for
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
-    uint8_t *dp = outputData + outputPitch * y;
-    uint8_t *sp = data + pitch * y;
+    uint8_t* dp = outputData + outputPitch * y;
+    uint8_t* sp = data + pitch * y;
 
     double fraction = 0.0;
-    uint64_t s[4] = { sp < terminal ? read(sp) : 0 };  //B,C (0,1) = center of kernel { 0, 0, 1, 2 }
+    uint64_t s[4] = {sp < terminal ? read(sp) : 0};  //B,C (0,1) = center of kernel { 0, 0, 1, 2 }
     s[1] = s[0];
     s[2] = sp + stride < terminal ? read(sp += stride) : s[1];
     s[3] = sp + stride < terminal ? read(sp += stride) : s[2];
@@ -410,17 +377,17 @@ void image::scaleX(unsigned outputWidth, interpolation op) {
 }
 
 void image::scaleY(unsigned outputHeight, interpolation op) {
-  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[width * outputHeight * stride];
+  uint8_t* outputData = new uint8_t[width * outputHeight * stride];
   double step = (double)height / (double)outputHeight;
-  const uint8_t *terminal = data + pitch * height;
+  const uint8_t* terminal = data + pitch * height;
 
   #pragma omp parallel for
   for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
-    uint8_t *dp = outputData + stride * x;
-    uint8_t *sp = data + stride * x;
+    uint8_t* dp = outputData + stride * x;
+    uint8_t* sp = data + stride * x;
 
     double fraction = 0.0;
-    uint64_t s[4] = { sp < terminal ? read(sp) : 0 };
+    uint64_t s[4] = {sp < terminal ? read(sp) : 0};
     s[1] = s[0];
     s[2] = sp + pitch < terminal ? read(sp += pitch) : s[1];
     s[3] = sp + pitch < terminal ? read(sp += pitch) : s[2];
@@ -444,14 +411,14 @@ void image::scaleY(unsigned outputHeight, interpolation op) {
   height = outputHeight;
 }
 
-bool image::loadBMP(const string &filename) {
-  uint32_t *outputData;
+bool image::loadBMP(const string& filename) {
+  uint32_t* outputData;
   unsigned outputWidth, outputHeight;
   if(bmp::read(filename, outputData, outputWidth, outputHeight) == false) return false;
 
   allocate(outputWidth, outputHeight);
-  const uint32_t *sp = outputData;
-  uint8_t *dp = data;
+  const uint32_t* sp = outputData;
+  uint8_t* dp = data;
 
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < outputHeight; y++) {
     for(unsigned x = 0; x < outputWidth; x++) {
@@ -469,13 +436,13 @@ bool image::loadBMP(const string &filename) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool image::loadPNG(const uint8_t *pngData, unsigned pngSize) {
+bool image::loadPNG(const uint8_t* pngData, unsigned pngSize) {
   png source;
   if(source.decode(pngData, pngSize) == false) return false;
 
   allocate(source.info.width, source.info.height);
-  const uint8_t *sp = source.data;
-  uint8_t *dp = data;
+  const uint8_t* sp = source.data;
+  uint8_t* dp = data;
 
   auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
     uint64_t p, r, g, b, a;
@@ -528,7 +495,7 @@ bool image::loadPNG(const uint8_t *pngData, unsigned pngSize) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool image::loadPNG(const string &filename) {
+bool image::loadPNG(const string& filename) {
   filemap map;
   if(map.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
   return loadPNG(map.data(), map.size());

higan/nall/inflate.hpp

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ namespace nall {
 
 namespace puff {
   inline int puff(
-    unsigned char *dest, unsigned long *destlen,
-    unsigned char *source, unsigned long *sourcelen
+    unsigned char* dest, unsigned long* destlen,
+    unsigned char* source, unsigned long* sourcelen
   );
 }
 
 inline bool inflate(
-  uint8_t *target, unsigned targetLength,
-  const uint8_t *source, unsigned sourceLength
+  uint8_t* target, unsigned targetLength,
+  const uint8_t* source, unsigned sourceLength
 ) {
   unsigned long tl = targetLength, sl = sourceLength;
   int result = puff::puff((unsigned char*)target, &tl, (unsigned char*)source, &sl);
@@ -23,15 +23,6 @@ inline bool inflate(
 
 namespace puff {
 
-//zlib/contrib/puff.c
-//version 2.1*
-//author: Mark Adler
-//license: zlib
-//ported by: byuu
-
-//* I have corrected a bug in fixed(), where it was accessing uninitialized
-//  memory: calling construct() with lencode prior to initializing lencode.count
-
 enum {
   MAXBITS   =  15,
   MAXLCODES = 286,
@@ -41,11 +32,11 @@ enum {
 };
 
 struct state {
-  unsigned char *out;
+  unsigned char* out;
   unsigned long outlen;
   unsigned long outcnt;
 
-  unsigned char *in;
+  unsigned char* in;
   unsigned long inlen;
   unsigned long incnt;
   int bitbuf;
@@ -55,11 +46,11 @@ struct state {
 };
 
 struct huffman {
-  short *count;
-  short *symbol;
+  short* count;
+  short* symbol;
 };
 
-inline int bits(state *s, int need) {
+inline int bits(state* s, int need) {
   long val;
 
   val = s->bitbuf;
@@ -75,7 +66,7 @@ inline int bits(state *s, int need) {
   return (int)(val & ((1L << need) - 1));
 }
 
-inline int stored(state *s) {
+inline int stored(state* s) {
   unsigned len;
 
   s->bitbuf = 0;
@@ -100,9 +91,9 @@ inline int stored(state *s) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-inline int decode(state *s, huffman *h) {
+inline int decode(state* s, huffman* h) {
   int len, code, first, count, index, bitbuf, left;
-  short *next;
+  short* next;
 
   bitbuf = s->bitbuf;
   left = s->bitcnt;
@@ -135,7 +126,7 @@ inline int decode(state *s, huffman *h) {
   return -10;
 }
 
-inline int construct(huffman *h, short *length, int n) {
+inline int construct(huffman* h, short* length, int n) {
   int symbol, len, left;
   short offs[MAXBITS + 1];
 
@@ -160,7 +151,7 @@ inline int construct(huffman *h, short *length, int n) {
   return left;
 }
 
-inline int codes(state *s, huffman *lencode, huffman *distcode) {
+inline int codes(state* s, huffman* lencode, huffman* distcode) {
   int symbol, len;
   unsigned dist;
   static const short lens[29] = {
@@ -222,7 +213,7 @@ inline int codes(state *s, huffman *lencode, huffman *distcode) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-inline int fixed(state *s) {
+inline int fixed(state* s) {
   static int virgin = 1;
   static short lencnt[MAXBITS + 1], lensym[FIXLCODES];
   static short distcnt[MAXBITS + 1], distsym[MAXDCODES];
@@ -252,7 +243,7 @@ inline int fixed(state *s) {
   return codes(s, &lencode, &distcode);
 }
 
-inline int dynamic(state *s) {
+inline int dynamic(state* s) {
   int nlen, ndist, ncode, index, err;
   short lengths[MAXCODES];
   short lencnt[MAXBITS + 1], lensym[MAXLCODES];
@@ -313,8 +304,8 @@ inline int dynamic(state *s) {
 }
 
 inline int puff(
-  unsigned char *dest, unsigned long *destlen,
-  unsigned char *source, unsigned long *sourcelen
+  unsigned char* dest, unsigned long* destlen,
+  unsigned char* source, unsigned long* sourcelen
 ) {
   state s;
   int last, type, err;

higan/nall/input.hpp

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct Keyboard {
     return false;
   }
 
-  static uint16_t decode(const char *name) {
+  static uint16_t decode(const char* name) {
     string s(name);
     if(!strbegin(name, "KB")) return 0;
     s.ltrim("KB");
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ struct Keyboard {
         break;
       }
     }
-    return { "KB", ID, "::", KeyboardScancodeName[index] };
+    return {"KB", ID, "::", KeyboardScancodeName[index]};
   }
 
   uint16_t operator[](Scancode code) const { return Base + ID * Size + code; }
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ struct Mouse {
     return false;
   }
 
-  static uint16_t decode(const char *name) {
+  static uint16_t decode(const char* name) {
     string s(name);
     if(!strbegin(name, "MS")) return 0;
     s.ltrim("MS");
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ struct Mouse {
         break;
       }
     }
-    return { "MS", ID, "::", MouseScancodeName[index] };
+    return {"MS", ID, "::", MouseScancodeName[index]};
   }
 
   uint16_t operator[](Scancode code) const { return Base + ID * Size + code; }
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ struct Joypad {
     return false;
   }
 
-  static uint16_t decode(const char *name) {
+  static uint16_t decode(const char* name) {
     string s(name);
     if(!strbegin(name, "JP")) return 0;
     s.ltrim("JP");
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ struct Joypad {
         index = code - (Base + Size * i);
       }
     }
-    return { "JP", ID, "::", JoypadScancodeName[index] };
+    return {"JP", ID, "::", JoypadScancodeName[index]};
   }
 
   uint16_t operator[](Scancode code) const { return Base + ID * Size + code; }
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ inline Joypad& joypad(unsigned id) {
 struct Scancode {
   enum { None = 0, Limit = Joypad::Base + Joypad::Size * Joypad::Count };
 
-  static uint16_t decode(const char *name) {
+  static uint16_t decode(const char* name) {
     uint16_t code;
     code = Keyboard::decode(name);
     if(code) return code;

higan/nall/intrinsics.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef NALL_INTRINSICS_HPP
 #define NALL_INTRINSICS_HPP
 
+namespace nall {
+
 struct Intrinsics {
   enum class Compiler : unsigned { Clang, GCC, VisualC, Unknown };
   enum class Platform : unsigned { X, OSX, Windows, Unknown };
@@ -63,4 +65,6 @@ struct Intrinsics {
   Intrinsics::Endian Intrinsics::endian() { return Intrinsics::Endian::Unknown; }
 #endif
 
+}
+
 #endif

higan/nall/invoke.hpp

@@ -20,21 +20,20 @@ namespace nall {
 
 #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
 
-template<typename... Args>
-inline void invoke(const string &name, Args&&... args) {
+template<typename... Args> inline void invoke(const string& name, Args&&... args) {
   lstring argl(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-  for(auto &arg : argl) if(arg.position(" ")) arg = {"\"", arg, "\""};
+  for(auto& arg : argl) if(arg.position(" ")) arg = {"\"", arg, "\""};
   string arguments = argl.concatenate(" ");
   ShellExecuteW(NULL, NULL, utf16_t(name), utf16_t(arguments), NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
 }
 
 #elif defined(PLATFORM_X)
 
-template<typename... Args>
-inline void invoke(const string &name, Args&&... args) {
+template<typename... Args> inline void invoke(const string& name, Args&&... args) {
   pid_t pid = fork();
   if(pid == 0) {
-    const char *argv[1 + sizeof...(args) + 1], **argp = argv;
+    const char* argv[1 + sizeof...(args) + 1];
+    const char** argp = argv;
     lstring argl(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
     *argp++ = (const char*)name;
     for(auto &arg : argl) *argp++ = (const char*)arg;
@@ -49,8 +48,7 @@ inline void invoke(const string &name, Args&&... args) {
 
 #else
 
-template<typename... Args>
-inline void invoke(const string &name, Args&&... args) {
+template<typename... Args> inline void invoke(const string& name, Args&&... args) {
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/ips.hpp

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ namespace nall {
 
 struct ips {
   inline bool apply();
-  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
-  inline void modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
+  inline void modify(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
   inline ips();
   inline ~ips();
 
-  uint8_t *data;
-  unsigned size;
-  const uint8_t *sourceData;
-  unsigned sourceSize;
-  const uint8_t *modifyData;
-  unsigned modifySize;
+  uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+  unsigned size = 0;
+  const uint8_t* sourceData = nullptr;
+  unsigned sourceSize = 0;
+  const uint8_t* modifyData = nullptr;
+  unsigned modifySize = 0;
 };
 
 bool ips::apply() {
@@ -78,15 +78,15 @@ bool ips::apply() {
   return false;
 }
 
-void ips::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void ips::source(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   sourceData = data, sourceSize = size;
 }
 
-void ips::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void ips::modify(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   modifyData = data, modifySize = size;
 }
 
-ips::ips() : data(nullptr), sourceData(nullptr), modifyData(nullptr) {
+ips::ips() {
 }
 
 ips::~ips() {

higan/nall/map.hpp

@@ -1,115 +1,57 @@
 #ifndef NALL_MAP_HPP
 #define NALL_MAP_HPP
 
-#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+#include <nall/set.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
 
-template<typename LHS, typename RHS>
-struct map {
-  struct pair {
-    LHS name;
-    RHS data;
+template<typename T, typename U> struct map {
+  struct node_t {
+    T key;
+    U value;
+    bool operator< (const node_t& source) const { return key <  source.key; }
+    bool operator==(const node_t& source) const { return key == source.key; }
+    node_t() = default;
+    node_t(const T& key) : key(key) {}
+    node_t(const T& key, const U& value) : key(key), value(value) {}
   };
 
-  inline void reset() {
-    list.reset();
+  optional<U> find(const T& key) const {
+    if(auto node = root.find({key})) return {true, node().value};
+    return false;
   }
 
-  inline unsigned size() const {
-    return list.size();
-  }
+  void insert(const T& key, const U& value) { root.insert({key, value}); }
+  void remove(const T& key) { root.remove({key}); }
+  unsigned size() const { return root.size(); }
+  void reset() { root.reset(); }
 
-  //O(log n) find
-  inline optional<unsigned> find(const LHS &name) const {
-    signed first = 0, last = size() - 1;
-    while(first <= last) {
-      signed middle = (first + last) / 2;
-           if(name < list[middle].name) last  = middle - 1;  //search lower half
-      else if(list[middle].name < name) first = middle + 1;  //search upper half
-      else return { true, (unsigned)middle };                //match found
-    }
-    return { false, 0u };
-  }
-
-  //O(n) insert + O(log n) find
-  inline RHS& insert(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) {
-      list[position()].data = data;
-      return list[position()].data;
-    }
-    signed offset = size();
-    for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
-      if(name < list[n].name) { offset = n; break; }
-    }
-    list.insert(offset, { name, data });
-    return list[offset].data;
-  }
-
-  //O(log n) find
-  inline void modify(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) list[position()].data = data;
-  }
-
-  //O(n) remove + O(log n) find
-  inline void remove(const LHS &name) {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) list.remove(position());
-  }
-
-  //O(log n) find
-  inline RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
-    throw;
-  }
-
-  inline const RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) const {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
-    throw;
-  }
-
-  inline RHS& operator()(const LHS &name) {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
-    return insert(name, RHS());
-  }
-
-  inline const RHS& operator()(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) const {
-    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
-    return data;
-  }
-
-  inline pair* begin() { return list.begin(); }
-  inline pair* end() { return list.end(); }
-  inline const pair* begin() const { return list.begin(); }
-  inline const pair* end() const { return list.end(); }
+  typename set<node_t>::iterator begin() { return root.begin(); }
+  typename set<node_t>::iterator end() { return root.end(); }
+  const typename set<node_t>::iterator begin() const { return root.begin(); }
+  const typename set<node_t>::iterator end() const { return root.end(); }
 
 protected:
-  vector<pair> list;
+  set<node_t> root;
 };
 
-template<typename LHS, typename RHS>
-struct bidirectional_map {
-  const map<LHS, RHS> &lhs;
-  const map<RHS, LHS> &rhs;
+template<typename T, typename U> struct bimap {
+  optional<U> find(const T& key) const { return tmap.find(key); }
+  optional<T> find(const U& key) const { return umap.find(key); }
+  void insert(const T& key, const U& value) { tmap.insert(key, value); umap.insert(value, key); }
+  void remove(const T& key) { if(auto p = tmap.find(key)) { umap.remove(p().value); tmap.remove(key); } }
+  void remove(const U& key) { if(auto p = umap.find(key)) { tmap.remove(p().value); umap.remove(key); } }
+  unsigned size() const { return tmap.size(); }
+  void reset() { tmap.reset(); umap.reset(); }
 
-  inline void reset() {
-    llist.reset();
-    rlist.reset();
-  }
-
-  inline unsigned size() const {
-    return llist.size();
-  }
-
-  inline void insert(const LHS &ldata, const RHS &rdata) {
-    llist.insert(ldata, rdata);
-    rlist.insert(rdata, ldata);
-  }
-
-  inline bidirectional_map() : lhs(llist), rhs(rlist) {}
+  typename set<typename map<T, U>::node_t>::iterator begin() { return tmap.begin(); }
+  typename set<typename map<T, U>::node_t>::iterator end() { return tmap.end(); }
+  const typename set<typename map<T, U>::node_t>::iterator begin() const { return tmap.begin(); }
+  const typename set<typename map<T, U>::node_t>::iterator end() const { return tmap.end(); }
 
 protected:
-  map<LHS, RHS> llist;
-  map<RHS, LHS> rlist;
+  map<T, U> tmap;
+  map<U, T> umap;
 };
 
 }

higan/nall/matrix.hpp

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ namespace nall {
 
 namespace Matrix {
 
-template<typename T>
-inline void Multiply(T *output, const T *xdata, unsigned xrows, unsigned xcols, const T *ydata, unsigned yrows, unsigned ycols) {
+template<typename T> inline void Multiply(T* output, const T* xdata, unsigned xrows, unsigned xcols, const T* ydata, unsigned yrows, unsigned ycols) {
   if(xcols != yrows) return;
 
   for(unsigned y = 0; y < xrows; y++) {
@@ -20,8 +19,7 @@ inline void Multiply(T *output, const T *xdata, unsigned xrows, unsigned xcols,
   }
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-inline vector<T> Multiply(const T *xdata, unsigned xrows, unsigned xcols, const T *ydata, unsigned yrows, unsigned ycols) {
+template<typename T> inline vector<T> Multiply(const T* xdata, unsigned xrows, unsigned xcols, const T* ydata, unsigned yrows, unsigned ycols) {
   vector<T> output;
   output.resize(xrows * ycols);
   Multiply(output.data(), xdata, xrows, xcols, ydata, yrows, ycols);

higan/nall/mosaic/bitstream.hpp

@@ -5,25 +5,25 @@ namespace mosaic {
 
 struct bitstream {
   filemap fp;
-  uint8_t *data;
-  unsigned size;
-  bool readonly;
-  bool endian;
+  uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+  unsigned size = 0;
+  bool readonly = false;
+  bool endian = 1;
 
-  inline bool read(uint64_t addr) const {
+  bool read(uint64_t addr) const {
     if(data == nullptr || (addr >> 3) >= size) return 0;
     unsigned mask = endian == 0 ? (0x01 << (addr & 7)) : (0x80 >> (addr & 7));
     return data[addr >> 3] & mask;
   }
 
-  inline void write(uint64_t addr, bool value) {
+  void write(uint64_t addr, bool value) {
     if(data == nullptr || readonly == true || (addr >> 3) >= size) return;
     unsigned mask = endian == 0 ? (0x01 << (addr & 7)) : (0x80 >> (addr & 7));
     if(value == 0) data[addr >> 3] &= ~mask;
     if(value == 1) data[addr >> 3] |=  mask;
   }
 
-  inline bool open(const string &filename) {
+  bool open(const string& filename) {
     readonly = false;
     if(fp.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite) == false) {
       readonly = true;
@@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ struct bitstream {
     return true;
   }
 
-  inline void close() {
+  void close() {
     fp.close();
     data = nullptr;
   }
 
-  inline bitstream() : data(nullptr), endian(1) {
+  bitstream() {
   }
 
-  inline ~bitstream() {
+  ~bitstream() {
     close();
   }
 };

higan/nall/mosaic/context.hpp

@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ struct context {
   unsigned paddingColor;
   vector<unsigned> palette;
 
-  inline unsigned objectWidth() const { return blockWidth * tileWidth * mosaicWidth + paddingWidth; }
-  inline unsigned objectHeight() const { return blockHeight * tileHeight * mosaicHeight + paddingHeight; }
-  inline unsigned objectSize() const {
+  unsigned objectWidth() const { return blockWidth * tileWidth * mosaicWidth + paddingWidth; }
+  unsigned objectHeight() const { return blockHeight * tileHeight * mosaicHeight + paddingHeight; }
+  unsigned objectSize() const {
     unsigned size = blockStride * tileWidth * tileHeight * mosaicWidth * mosaicHeight
                   + blockOffset * tileHeight * mosaicWidth * mosaicHeight
                   + tileStride * mosaicWidth * mosaicHeight
@@ -46,23 +46,23 @@ struct context {
     return max(1u, size);
   }
 
-  inline unsigned eval(const string &expression) {
+  unsigned eval(const string& expression) {
     intmax_t result;
     if(fixedpoint::eval(expression, result) == false) return 0u;
     return result;
   }
 
-  inline void eval(vector<unsigned> &buffer, const string &expression_) {
+  void eval(vector<unsigned>& buffer, const string& expression_) {
     string expression = expression_;
     bool function = false;
-    for(auto &c : expression) {
+    for(auto& c : expression) {
       if(c == '(') function = true;
       if(c == ')') function = false;
       if(c == ',' && function == true) c = ';';
     }
 
     lstring list = expression.split(",");
-    for(auto &item : list) {
+    for(auto& item : list) {
       item.trim();
       if(item.wildcard("f(?*) ?*")) {
         item.ltrim<1>("f(");
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ struct context {
           item = part(1, "");
         }
         item.trim();
-        for(auto &c : item) {
+        for(auto& c : item) {
           if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') buffer.append(offset + c - 'A' +  0);
           if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') buffer.append(offset + c - 'a' + 26);
           if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') buffer.append(offset + c - '0' + 52);
@@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ struct context {
     }
   }
 
-  inline void parse(const string &data) {
+  void parse(const string& data) {
     reset();
 
     lstring lines = data.split("\n");
-    for(auto &line : lines) {
+    for(auto& line : lines) {
       lstring part = line.split<1>(":");
       if(part.size() != 2) continue;
       part[0].trim();
@@ -158,14 +158,14 @@ struct context {
     sanitize();
   }
 
-  inline bool load(const string &filename) {
+  bool load(const string& filename) {
     string filedata;
     if(filedata.readfile(filename) == false) return false;
     parse(filedata);
     return true;
   }
 
-  inline void sanitize() {
+  void sanitize() {
     if(depth < 1) depth = 1;
     if(depth > 24) depth = 24;
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ struct context {
     if(mosaicHeight < 1) mosaicHeight = 1;
   }
 
-  inline void reset() {
+  void reset() {
     offset = 0;
     width = 0;
     height = 0;
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ struct context {
     palette.reset();
   }
 
-  inline context() {
+  context() {
     reset();
   }
 };

higan/nall/mosaic/parser.hpp

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ struct parser {
   image canvas;
 
   //export from bitstream to canvas
-  inline void load(bitstream &stream, uint64_t offset, context &ctx, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+  void load(bitstream& stream, uint64_t offset, context& ctx, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
     canvas.allocate(width, height);
     canvas.clear(ctx.paddingColor);
     parse(1, stream, offset, ctx, width, height);
   }
 
   //import from canvas to bitstream
-  inline bool save(bitstream &stream, uint64_t offset, context &ctx) {
+  bool save(bitstream& stream, uint64_t offset, context& ctx) {
     if(stream.readonly) return false;
     parse(0, stream, offset, ctx, canvas.width, canvas.height);
     return true;
@@ -24,21 +24,21 @@ struct parser {
   }
 
 private:
-  inline uint32_t read(unsigned x, unsigned y) const {
+  uint32_t read(unsigned x, unsigned y) const {
     unsigned addr = y * canvas.width + x;
     if(addr >= canvas.width * canvas.height) return 0u;
     uint32_t *buffer = (uint32_t*)canvas.data;
     return buffer[addr];
   }
 
-  inline void write(unsigned x, unsigned y, uint32_t data) {
+  void write(unsigned x, unsigned y, uint32_t data) {
     unsigned addr = y * canvas.width + x;
     if(addr >= canvas.width * canvas.height) return;
     uint32_t *buffer = (uint32_t*)canvas.data;
     buffer[addr] = data;
   }
 
-  inline void parse(bool load, bitstream &stream, uint64_t offset, context &ctx, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+  void parse(bool load, bitstream& stream, uint64_t offset, context& ctx, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
     stream.endian = ctx.endian;
     unsigned canvasWidth = width / (ctx.mosaicWidth * ctx.tileWidth * ctx.blockWidth + ctx.paddingWidth);
     unsigned canvasHeight = height / (ctx.mosaicHeight * ctx.tileHeight * ctx.blockHeight + ctx.paddingHeight);

higan/nall/nall.hpp

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <nall/property.hpp>
 #include <nall/random.hpp>
 #include <nall/serializer.hpp>
+#include <nall/set.hpp>
 #include <nall/sha256.hpp>
 #include <nall/sort.hpp>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>

higan/nall/png.hpp

@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct png {
-  //colorType:
-  //0 = L
-  //2 = R,G,B
-  //3 = P
-  //4 = L,A
-  //6 = R,G,B,A
   struct Info {
     unsigned width;
     unsigned height;
     unsigned bitDepth;
+    //colorType:
+    //0 = L (luma)
+    //2 = R,G,B
+    //3 = P (palette)
+    //4 = L,A
+    //6 = R,G,B,A
     unsigned colorType;
     unsigned compressionMethod;
     unsigned filterType;
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ struct png {
     uint8_t palette[256][3];
   } info;
 
-  uint8_t *data;
-  unsigned size;
+  uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+  unsigned size = 0;
 
-  inline bool decode(const string &filename);
-  inline bool decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize);
-  inline unsigned readbits(const uint8_t *&data);
-  unsigned bitpos;
+  inline bool decode(const string& filename);
+  inline bool decode(const uint8_t* sourceData, unsigned sourceSize);
+  inline unsigned readbits(const uint8_t*& data);
+  unsigned bitpos = 0;
 
   inline png();
   inline ~png();
@@ -52,24 +52,24 @@ protected:
 
   inline unsigned interlace(unsigned pass, unsigned index);
   inline unsigned inflateSize();
-  inline bool deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass);
-  inline bool filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height);
-  inline unsigned read(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length);
+  inline bool deinterlace(const uint8_t*& inputData, unsigned pass);
+  inline bool filter(uint8_t* outputData, const uint8_t* inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+  inline unsigned read(const uint8_t* data, unsigned length);
 };
 
-bool png::decode(const string &filename) {
+bool png::decode(const string& filename) {
   if(auto memory = file::read(filename)) {
     return decode(memory.data(), memory.size());
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-bool png::decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize) {
+bool png::decode(const uint8_t* sourceData, unsigned sourceSize) {
   if(sourceSize < 8) return false;
   if(read(sourceData + 0, 4) != 0x89504e47) return false;
   if(read(sourceData + 4, 4) != 0x0d0a1a0a) return false;
 
-  uint8_t *compressedData = nullptr;
+  uint8_t* compressedData = nullptr;
   unsigned compressedSize = 0;
 
   unsigned offset = 8;
@@ -102,8 +102,9 @@ bool png::decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize) {
       default: return false;
       }
 
-      if(info.colorType == 2 || info.colorType == 4 || info.colorType == 6)
+      if(info.colorType == 2 || info.colorType == 4 || info.colorType == 6) {
         if(info.bitDepth != 8 && info.bitDepth != 16) return false;
+      }
       if(info.colorType == 3 && info.bitDepth == 16) return false;
 
       info.bytesPerPixel = (info.bytesPerPixel + 7) / 8;
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ unsigned png::inflateSize() {
   return size;
 }
 
-bool png::deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass) {
+bool png::deinterlace(const uint8_t*& inputData, unsigned pass) {
   unsigned xd = interlace(pass, 0), yd = interlace(pass, 1);
   unsigned xo = interlace(pass, 2), yo = interlace(pass, 3);
   unsigned width  = (info.width  + (xd - xo - 1)) / xd;
@@ -208,12 +209,12 @@ bool png::deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass) {
   if(width == 0 || height == 0) return true;
 
   unsigned outputSize = width * height * info.bytesPerPixel;
-  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[outputSize];
+  uint8_t* outputData = new uint8_t[outputSize];
   bool result = filter(outputData, inputData, width, height);
 
-  const uint8_t *rd = outputData;
+  const uint8_t* rd = outputData;
   for(unsigned y = yo; y < info.height; y += yd) {
-    uint8_t *wr = data + y * info.pitch;
+    uint8_t* wr = data + y * info.pitch;
     for(unsigned x = xo; x < info.width; x += xd) {
       for(unsigned b = 0; b < info.bytesPerPixel; b++) {
         wr[x * info.bytesPerPixel + b] = *rd++;
@@ -226,9 +227,9 @@ bool png::deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass) {
   return result;
 }
 
-bool png::filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
-  uint8_t *wr = outputData;
-  const uint8_t *rd = inputData;
+bool png::filter(uint8_t* outputData, const uint8_t* inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+  uint8_t* wr = outputData;
+  const uint8_t* rd = inputData;
   int bpp = info.bytesPerPixel, pitch = width * bpp;
   for(int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
     uint8_t filter = *rd++;
@@ -289,13 +290,13 @@ bool png::filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width,
   return true;
 }
 
-unsigned png::read(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
+unsigned png::read(const uint8_t* data, unsigned length) {
   unsigned result = 0;
   while(length--) result = (result << 8) | (*data++);
   return result;
 }
 
-unsigned png::readbits(const uint8_t *&data) {
+unsigned png::readbits(const uint8_t*& data) {
   unsigned result = 0;
   switch(info.bitDepth) {
   case 1:
@@ -324,8 +325,7 @@ unsigned png::readbits(const uint8_t *&data) {
   return result;
 }
 
-png::png() : data(nullptr) {
-  bitpos = 0;
+png::png() {
 }
 
 png::~png() {

higan/nall/priority-queue.hpp

@@ -7,103 +7,104 @@
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename type_t> void priority_queue_nocallback(type_t) {}
 
-  //priority queue implementation using binary min-heap array;
-  //does not require normalize() function.
-  //O(1)     find   (tick)
-  //O(log n) append (enqueue)
-  //O(log n) remove (dequeue)
-  template<typename type_t> class priority_queue {
-  public:
-    inline void tick(unsigned ticks) {
-      basecounter += ticks;
-      while(heapsize && gte(basecounter, heap[0].counter)) callback(dequeue());
+template<typename type_t> void priority_queue_nocallback(type_t) {}
+
+//priority queue implementation using binary min-heap array;
+//does not require normalize() function.
+//O(1)     find   (tick)
+//O(log n) append (enqueue)
+//O(log n) remove (dequeue)
+template<typename type_t> struct priority_queue {
+  inline void tick(unsigned ticks) {
+    basecounter += ticks;
+    while(heapsize && gte(basecounter, heap[0].counter)) callback(dequeue());
+  }
+
+  //counter is relative to current time (eg enqueue(64, ...) fires in 64 ticks);
+  //counter cannot exceed std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() >> 1.
+  void enqueue(unsigned counter, type_t event) {
+    unsigned child = heapsize++;
+    counter += basecounter;
+
+    while(child) {
+      unsigned parent = (child - 1) >> 1;
+      if(gte(counter, heap[parent].counter)) break;
+
+      heap[child].counter = heap[parent].counter;
+      heap[child].event = heap[parent].event;
+      child = parent;
     }
 
-    //counter is relative to current time (eg enqueue(64, ...) fires in 64 ticks);
-    //counter cannot exceed std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() >> 1.
-    void enqueue(unsigned counter, type_t event) {
-      unsigned child = heapsize++;
-      counter += basecounter;
+    heap[child].counter = counter;
+    heap[child].event = event;
+  }
 
-      while(child) {
-        unsigned parent = (child - 1) >> 1;
-        if(gte(counter, heap[parent].counter)) break;
+  type_t dequeue() {
+    type_t event(heap[0].event);
+    unsigned parent = 0;
+    unsigned counter = heap[--heapsize].counter;
 
-        heap[child].counter = heap[parent].counter;
-        heap[child].event = heap[parent].event;
-        child = parent;
-      }
+    while(true) {
+      unsigned child = (parent << 1) + 1;
+      if(child >= heapsize) break;
+      if(child + 1 < heapsize && gte(heap[child].counter, heap[child + 1].counter)) child++;
+      if(gte(heap[child].counter, counter)) break;
 
-      heap[child].counter = counter;
-      heap[child].event = event;
+      heap[parent].counter = heap[child].counter;
+      heap[parent].event = heap[child].event;
+      parent = child;
     }
 
-    type_t dequeue() {
-      type_t event(heap[0].event);
-      unsigned parent = 0;
-      unsigned counter = heap[--heapsize].counter;
+    heap[parent].counter = counter;
+    heap[parent].event = heap[heapsize].event;
+    return event;
+  }
 
-      while(true) {
-        unsigned child = (parent << 1) + 1;
-        if(child >= heapsize) break;
-        if(child + 1 < heapsize && gte(heap[child].counter, heap[child + 1].counter)) child++;
-        if(gte(heap[child].counter, counter)) break;
+  void reset() {
+    basecounter = 0;
+    heapsize = 0;
+  }
 
-        heap[parent].counter = heap[child].counter;
-        heap[parent].event = heap[child].event;
-        parent = child;
-      }
-
-      heap[parent].counter = counter;
-      heap[parent].event = heap[heapsize].event;
-      return event;
+  void serialize(serializer& s) {
+    s.integer(basecounter);
+    s.integer(heapsize);
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < heapcapacity; n++) {
+      s.integer(heap[n].counter);
+      s.integer(heap[n].event);
     }
+  }
 
-    void reset() {
-      basecounter = 0;
-      heapsize = 0;
-    }
+  priority_queue(unsigned size, function<void (type_t)> callback = &priority_queue_nocallback<type_t>)
+  : callback(callback) {
+    heap = new heap_t[size];
+    heapcapacity = size;
+    reset();
+  }
 
-    void serialize(serializer &s) {
-      s.integer(basecounter);
-      s.integer(heapsize);
-      for(unsigned n = 0; n < heapcapacity; n++) {
-        s.integer(heap[n].counter);
-        s.integer(heap[n].event);
-      }
-    }
+  ~priority_queue() {
+    delete[] heap;
+  }
 
-    priority_queue(unsigned size, function<void (type_t)> callback_ = &priority_queue_nocallback<type_t>)
-    : callback(callback_) {
-      heap = new heap_t[size];
-      heapcapacity = size;
-      reset();
-    }
+  priority_queue& operator=(const priority_queue&) = delete;
+  priority_queue(const priority_queue&) = delete;
 
-    ~priority_queue() {
-      delete[] heap;
-    }
+private:
+  function<void (type_t)> callback;
+  unsigned basecounter;
+  unsigned heapsize;
+  unsigned heapcapacity;
+  struct heap_t {
+    unsigned counter;
+    type_t event;
+  } *heap;
 
-    priority_queue& operator=(const priority_queue&) = delete;
-    priority_queue(const priority_queue&) = delete;
+  //return true if x is greater than or equal to y
+  inline bool gte(unsigned x, unsigned y) {
+    return x - y < (std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() >> 1);
+  }
+};
 
-  private:
-    function<void (type_t)> callback;
-    unsigned basecounter;
-    unsigned heapsize;
-    unsigned heapcapacity;
-    struct heap_t {
-      unsigned counter;
-      type_t event;
-    } *heap;
-
-    //return true if x is greater than or equal to y
-    inline bool gte(unsigned x, unsigned y) {
-      return x - y < (std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() >> 1);
-    }
-  };
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/property.hpp

@@ -1,83 +1,44 @@
 #ifndef NALL_PROPERTY_HPP
 #define NALL_PROPERTY_HPP
 
-//nall::property implements ownership semantics into container classes
-//example: property<owner>::readonly<type> implies that only owner has full
-//access to type; and all other code has readonly access.
-//
-//property can be used either of two ways:
-//struct foo {
-//  property<foo>::readonly<bool> x;
-//  property<foo>::readwrite<int> y;
-//};
-//-or-
-//struct foo : property<foo> {
-//  readonly<bool> x;
-//  readwrite<int> y;
-//};
-
-//return types are const T& (byref) instead of T (byval) to avoid major speed
-//penalties for objects with expensive copy constructors
-
-//operator-> provides access to underlying object type:
-//readonly<Object> foo;
-//foo->bar();
-//... will call Object::bar();
-
-//operator='s reference is constant so as to avoid leaking a reference handle
-//that could bypass access restrictions
-
-//both constant and non-constant operators are provided, though it may be
-//necessary to cast first, for instance:
-//struct foo : property<foo> { readonly<int> bar; } object;
-//int main() { int value = const_cast<const foo&>(object); }
-
-//writeonly is useful for objects that have non-const reads, but const writes.
-//however, to avoid leaking handles, the interface is very restricted. the only
-//way to write is via operator=, which requires conversion via eg copy
-//constructor. example:
-//struct foo {
-//  foo(bool value) { ... }
-//};
-//writeonly<foo> bar;
-//bar = true;
-
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename C> struct property {
-    template<typename T> struct readonly {
-      const T* operator->() const { return &value; }
-      const T& operator()() const { return value; }
-      operator const T&() const { return value; }
-    private:
-      T* operator->() { return &value; }
-      operator T&() { return value; }
-      const T& operator=(const T& value_) { return value = value_; }
-      T value;
-      friend C;
-    };
 
-    template<typename T> struct writeonly {
-      void operator=(const T& value_) { value = value_; }
-    private:
-      const T* operator->() const { return &value; }
-      const T& operator()() const { return value; }
-      operator const T&() const { return value; }
-      T* operator->() { return &value; }
-      operator T&() { return value; }
-      T value;
-      friend C;
-    };
-
-    template<typename T> struct readwrite {
-      const T* operator->() const { return &value; }
-      const T& operator()() const { return value; }
-      operator const T&() const { return value; }
-      T* operator->() { return &value; }
-      operator T&() { return value; }
-      const T& operator=(const T& value_) { return value = value_; }
-      T value;
-    };
+template<typename C> struct property {
+  template<typename T> struct readonly {
+    const T* operator->() const { return &value; }
+    const T& operator()() const { return value; }
+    operator const T&() const { return value; }
+  private:
+    T* operator->() { return &value; }
+    operator T&() { return value; }
+    const T& operator=(const T& value_) { return value = value_; }
+    T value;
+    friend C;
   };
+
+  template<typename T> struct writeonly {
+    void operator=(const T& value_) { value = value_; }
+  private:
+    const T* operator->() const { return &value; }
+    const T& operator()() const { return value; }
+    operator const T&() const { return value; }
+    T* operator->() { return &value; }
+    operator T&() { return value; }
+    T value;
+    friend C;
+  };
+
+  template<typename T> struct readwrite {
+    const T* operator->() const { return &value; }
+    const T& operator()() const { return value; }
+    operator const T&() const { return value; }
+    T* operator->() { return &value; }
+    operator T&() { return value; }
+    const T& operator=(const T& value_) { return value = value_; }
+    T value;
+  };
+};
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/public-cast.hpp

@@ -14,19 +14,21 @@
 //Class::Reference may be a function, object or variable
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename T, typename T::type... P> struct public_cast;
 
-  template<typename T> struct public_cast<T> {
-    static typename T::type value;
-  };
+template<typename T, typename T::type... P> struct public_cast;
 
-  template<typename T> typename T::type public_cast<T>::value;
+template<typename T> struct public_cast<T> {
+  static typename T::type value;
+};
 
-  template<typename T, typename T::type P> struct public_cast<T, P> {
-    static typename T::type value;
-  };
+template<typename T> typename T::type public_cast<T>::value;
+
+template<typename T, typename T::type P> struct public_cast<T, P> {
+  static typename T::type value;
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename T::type P> typename T::type public_cast<T, P>::value = public_cast<T>::value = P;
 
-  template<typename T, typename T::type P> typename T::type public_cast<T, P>::value = public_cast<T>::value = P;
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/random.hpp

@@ -1,28 +1,32 @@
 #ifndef NALL_RANDOM_HPP
 #define NALL_RANDOM_HPP
 
+//pseudo-random number generator
+//very low-quality, but very fast (based on CRC32 polynomial)
+
 namespace nall {
-  //pseudo-random number generator
-  inline unsigned prng() {
-    static unsigned n = 0;
-    return n = (n >> 1) ^ (((n & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
+
+inline unsigned prng() {
+  static unsigned n = 0;
+  return n = (n >> 1) ^ (((n & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
+}
+
+struct random_lfsr {
+  inline void seed(unsigned seed__) {
+    seed_ = seed__;
   }
 
-  struct random_lfsr {
-    inline void seed(unsigned seed__) {
-      seed_ = seed__;
-    }
+  inline unsigned operator()() {
+    return seed_ = (seed_ >> 1) ^ (((seed_ & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
+  }
 
-    inline unsigned operator()() {
-      return seed_ = (seed_ >> 1) ^ (((seed_ & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
-    }
+  random_lfsr() : seed_(0) {
+  }
 
-    random_lfsr() : seed_(0) {
-    }
+private:
+  unsigned seed_;
+};
 
-  private:
-    unsigned seed_;
-  };
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/serial.hpp

@@ -1,110 +1,118 @@
 #ifndef NALL_SERIAL_HPP
 #define NALL_SERIAL_HPP
 
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+#if !defined(PLATFORM_X) && !defined(PLATFORM_OSX)
+  #error "nall/serial: unsupported platform"
+#endif
+
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
-
 namespace nall {
-  struct serial {
-    bool readable() {
-      if(port_open == false) return false;
-      fd_set fdset;
-      FD_ZERO(&fdset);
-      FD_SET(port, &fdset);
-      timeval timeout;
-      timeout.tv_sec = 0;
-      timeout.tv_usec = 0;
-      int result = select(FD_SETSIZE, &fdset, nullptr, nullptr, &timeout);
-      if(result < 1) return false;
-      return FD_ISSET(port, &fdset);
+
+struct serial {
+  bool readable() {
+    if(port_open == false) return false;
+    fd_set fdset;
+    FD_ZERO(&fdset);
+    FD_SET(port, &fdset);
+    timeval timeout;
+    timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+    timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+    int result = select(FD_SETSIZE, &fdset, nullptr, nullptr, &timeout);
+    if(result < 1) return false;
+    return FD_ISSET(port, &fdset);
+  }
+
+  //-1 on error, otherwise return bytes read
+  int read(uint8_t* data, unsigned length) {
+    if(port_open == false) return -1;
+    return ::read(port, (void*)data, length);
+  }
+
+  bool writable() {
+    if(port_open == false) return false;
+    fd_set fdset;
+    FD_ZERO(&fdset);
+    FD_SET(port, &fdset);
+    timeval timeout;
+    timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+    timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+    int result = select(FD_SETSIZE, nullptr, &fdset, nullptr, &timeout);
+    if(result < 1) return false;
+    return FD_ISSET(port, &fdset);
+  }
+
+  //-1 on error, otherwise return bytes written
+  int write(const uint8_t* data, unsigned length) {
+    if(port_open == false) return -1;
+    return ::write(port, (void*)data, length);
+  }
+
+  bool open(const string& portname, unsigned rate, bool flowcontrol) {
+    close();
+
+    port = ::open(portname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY | O_NONBLOCK);
+    if(port == -1) return false;
+
+    if(ioctl(port, TIOCEXCL) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+    if(fcntl(port, F_SETFL, 0) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+    if(tcgetattr(port, &original_attr) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+
+    termios attr = original_attr;
+    cfmakeraw(&attr);
+    cfsetspeed(&attr, rate);
+
+    attr.c_lflag &=~ (ECHO | ECHONL | ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN);
+    attr.c_iflag &=~ (BRKINT | PARMRK | INPCK | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON | IXOFF | IXANY);
+    attr.c_iflag |=  (IGNBRK | IGNPAR);
+    attr.c_oflag &=~ (OPOST);
+    attr.c_cflag &=~ (CSIZE | CSTOPB | PARENB | CLOCAL);
+    attr.c_cflag |=  (CS8 | CREAD);
+    if(flowcontrol == false) {
+      attr.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;
+    } else {
+      attr.c_cflag |=  CRTSCTS;
     }
+    attr.c_cc[VTIME] = attr.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
 
-    //-1 on error, otherwise return bytes read
-    int read(uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
-      if(port_open == false) return -1;
-      return ::read(port, (void*)data, length);
-    }
+    if(tcsetattr(port, TCSANOW, &attr) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+    return port_open = true;
+  }
 
-    bool writable() {
-      if(port_open == false) return false;
-      fd_set fdset;
-      FD_ZERO(&fdset);
-      FD_SET(port, &fdset);
-      timeval timeout;
-      timeout.tv_sec = 0;
-      timeout.tv_usec = 0;
-      int result = select(FD_SETSIZE, nullptr, &fdset, nullptr, &timeout);
-      if(result < 1) return false;
-      return FD_ISSET(port, &fdset);
-    }
-
-    //-1 on error, otherwise return bytes written
-    int write(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
-      if(port_open == false) return -1;
-      return ::write(port, (void*)data, length);
-    }
-
-    bool open(const char *portname, unsigned rate, bool flowcontrol) {
-      close();
-
-      port = ::open(portname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY | O_NONBLOCK);
-      if(port == -1) return false;
-
-      if(ioctl(port, TIOCEXCL) == -1) { close(); return false; }
-      if(fcntl(port, F_SETFL, 0) == -1) { close(); return false; }
-      if(tcgetattr(port, &original_attr) == -1) { close(); return false; }
-
-      termios attr = original_attr;
-      cfmakeraw(&attr);
-      cfsetspeed(&attr, rate);
-
-      attr.c_lflag &=~ (ECHO | ECHONL | ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN);
-      attr.c_iflag &=~ (BRKINT | PARMRK | INPCK | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON | IXOFF | IXANY);
-      attr.c_iflag |=  (IGNBRK | IGNPAR);
-      attr.c_oflag &=~ (OPOST);
-      attr.c_cflag &=~ (CSIZE | CSTOPB | PARENB | CLOCAL);
-      attr.c_cflag |=  (CS8 | CREAD);
-      if(flowcontrol == false) {
-        attr.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;
-      } else {
-        attr.c_cflag |=  CRTSCTS;
+  void close() {
+    if(port != -1) {
+      tcdrain(port);
+      if(port_open == true) {
+        tcsetattr(port, TCSANOW, &original_attr);
+        port_open = false;
       }
-      attr.c_cc[VTIME] = attr.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
-
-      if(tcsetattr(port, TCSANOW, &attr) == -1) { close(); return false; }
-      return port_open = true;
-    }
-
-    void close() {
-      if(port != -1) {
-        tcdrain(port);
-        if(port_open == true) {
-          tcsetattr(port, TCSANOW, &original_attr);
-          port_open = false;
-        }
-        ::close(port);
-        port = -1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    serial() {
+      ::close(port);
       port = -1;
-      port_open = false;
     }
+  }
 
-    ~serial() {
-      close();
-    }
+  serial() {
+    port = -1;
+    port_open = false;
+  }
+
+  ~serial() {
+    close();
+  }
+
+private:
+  int port;
+  bool port_open;
+  termios original_attr;
+};
 
-  private:
-    int port;
-    bool port_open;
-    termios original_attr;
-  };
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/serializer.hpp

@@ -1,145 +1,141 @@
 #ifndef NALL_SERIALIZER_HPP
 #define NALL_SERIALIZER_HPP
 
+//serializer: a class designed to save and restore the state of classes.
+//
+//benefits:
+//- data() will be portable in size (it is not necessary to specify type sizes.)
+//- data() will be portable in endianness (always stored internally as little-endian.)
+//- one serialize function can both save and restore class states.
+//
+//caveats:
+//- only plain-old-data can be stored. complex classes must provide serialize(serializer&);
+//- floating-point usage is not portable across platforms
+
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  //serializer: a class designed to save and restore the state of classes.
-  //
-  //benefits:
-  //- data() will be portable in size (it is not necessary to specify type sizes.)
-  //- data() will be portable in endianness (always stored internally as little-endian.)
-  //- one serialize function can both save and restore class states.
-  //
-  //caveats:
-  //- only plain-old-data can be stored. complex classes must provide serialize(serializer&);
-  //- floating-point usage is not portable across platforms
 
-  class serializer {
-  public:
-    enum mode_t { Load, Save, Size };
+struct serializer {
+  enum mode_t { Load, Save, Size };
 
-    mode_t mode() const {
-      return imode;
+  mode_t mode() const {
+    return imode;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t* data() const {
+    return idata;
+  }
+
+  unsigned size() const {
+    return isize;
+  }
+
+  unsigned capacity() const {
+    return icapacity;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T> void floatingpoint(T& value) {
+    enum { size = sizeof(T) };
+    //this is rather dangerous, and not cross-platform safe;
+    //but there is no standardized way to export FP-values
+    uint8_t* p = (uint8_t*)&value;
+    if(imode == Save) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) idata[isize++] = p[n];
+    } else if(imode == Load) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) p[n] = idata[isize++];
+    } else {
+      isize += size;
     }
+  }
 
-    const uint8_t* data() const {
-      return idata;
+  template<typename T> void integer(T& value) {
+    enum { size = std::is_same<bool, T>::value ? 1 : sizeof(T) };
+    if(imode == Save) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) idata[isize++] = (uintmax_t)value >> (n << 3);
+    } else if(imode == Load) {
+      value = 0;
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) value |= (uintmax_t)idata[isize++] << (n << 3);
+    } else if(imode == Size) {
+      isize += size;
     }
+  }
 
-    unsigned size() const {
-      return isize;
-    }
+  template<typename T> void array(T& array) {
+    enum { size = sizeof(T) / sizeof(typename std::remove_extent<T>::type) };
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) integer(array[n]);
+  }
 
-    unsigned capacity() const {
-      return icapacity;
-    }
+  template<typename T> void array(T array, unsigned size) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) integer(array[n]);
+  }
 
-    template<typename T> void floatingpoint(T &value) {
-      enum { size = sizeof(T) };
-      //this is rather dangerous, and not cross-platform safe;
-      //but there is no standardized way to export FP-values
-      uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)&value;
-      if(imode == Save) {
-        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) idata[isize++] = p[n];
-      } else if(imode == Load) {
-        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) p[n] = idata[isize++];
-      } else {
-        isize += size;
-      }
-    }
+  //copy
+  serializer& operator=(const serializer& s) {
+    if(idata) delete[] idata;
 
-    template<typename T> void integer(T &value) {
-      enum { size = std::is_same<bool, T>::value ? 1 : sizeof(T) };
-      if(imode == Save) {
-        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) idata[isize++] = (uintmax_t)value >> (n << 3);
-      } else if(imode == Load) {
-        value = 0;
-        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) value |= (uintmax_t)idata[isize++] << (n << 3);
-      } else if(imode == Size) {
-        isize += size;
-      }
-    }
+    imode = s.imode;
+    idata = new uint8_t[s.icapacity];
+    isize = s.isize;
+    icapacity = s.icapacity;
 
-    template<typename T> void array(T &array) {
-      enum { size = sizeof(T) / sizeof(typename std::remove_extent<T>::type) };
-      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) integer(array[n]);
-    }
+    memcpy(idata, s.idata, s.icapacity);
+    return *this;
+  }
 
-    template<typename T> void array(T array, unsigned size) {
-      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) integer(array[n]);
-    }
+  serializer(const serializer& s) {
+    operator=(s);
+  }
 
-    //copy
-    serializer& operator=(const serializer &s) {
-      if(idata) delete[] idata;
+  //move
+  serializer& operator=(serializer&& s) {
+    if(idata) delete[] idata;
 
-      imode = s.imode;
-      idata = new uint8_t[s.icapacity];
-      isize = s.isize;
-      icapacity = s.icapacity;
+    imode = s.imode;
+    idata = s.idata;
+    isize = s.isize;
+    icapacity = s.icapacity;
 
-      memcpy(idata, s.idata, s.icapacity);
-      return *this;
-    }
+    s.idata = nullptr;
+    return *this;
+  }
 
-    serializer(const serializer &s) : idata(nullptr) {
-      operator=(s);
-    }
+  serializer(serializer&& s) {
+    operator=(std::move(s));
+  }
 
-    //move
-    serializer& operator=(serializer &&s) {
-      if(idata) delete[] idata;
+  //construction
+  serializer() = default;
 
-      imode = s.imode;
-      idata = s.idata;
-      isize = s.isize;
-      icapacity = s.icapacity;
+  serializer(unsigned capacity) {
+    imode = Save;
+    idata = new uint8_t[capacity]();
+    isize = 0;
+    icapacity = capacity;
+  }
 
-      s.idata = nullptr;
-      return *this;
-    }
+  serializer(const uint8_t* data, unsigned capacity) {
+    imode = Load;
+    idata = new uint8_t[capacity];
+    isize = 0;
+    icapacity = capacity;
+    memcpy(idata, data, capacity);
+  }
 
-    serializer(serializer &&s) {
-      operator=(std::move(s));
-    }
+  //destruction
+  ~serializer() {
+    if(idata) delete[] idata;
+  }
 
-    //construction
-    serializer() {
-      imode = Size;
-      idata = nullptr;
-      isize = 0;
-      icapacity = 0;
-    }
-
-    serializer(unsigned capacity) {
-      imode = Save;
-      idata = new uint8_t[capacity]();
-      isize = 0;
-      icapacity = capacity;
-    }
-
-    serializer(const uint8_t *data, unsigned capacity) {
-      imode = Load;
-      idata = new uint8_t[capacity];
-      isize = 0;
-      icapacity = capacity;
-      memcpy(idata, data, capacity);
-    }
-
-    ~serializer() {
-      if(idata) delete[] idata;
-    }
-
-  private:
-    mode_t imode;
-    uint8_t *idata;
-    unsigned isize;
-    unsigned icapacity;
-  };
+private:
+  mode_t imode = Size;
+  uint8_t* idata = nullptr;
+  unsigned isize = 0;
+  unsigned icapacity = 0;
+};
 
 };
 

higan/nall/set.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#ifndef NALL_SET_HPP
+#define NALL_SET_HPP
+
+//set
+//implementation: red-black tree
+//search: O(log n) average; O(log n) worst
+//insert: O(log n) average; O(log n) worst
+//remove: O(log n) average; O(log n) worst
+
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+template<typename T> struct set {
+  struct node_t {
+    T value;
+    bool red = 1;
+    node_t* link[2] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+    node_t() = default;
+    node_t(const T& value) : value(value) {}
+  };
+
+  node_t* root = nullptr;
+  unsigned nodes = 0;
+
+  set& operator=(const set& source) { copy(source); return *this; }
+  set& operator=(set&& source) { move(std::move(source)); return *this; }
+  set(const set& source) { operator=(source); }
+  set(set&& source) { operator=(std::move(source)); }
+  set(std::initializer_list<T> list) { for(auto& value : list) insert(value); }
+  set() = default;
+  ~set() { reset(); }
+
+  unsigned size() const { return nodes; }
+  bool empty() const { return nodes == 0; }
+
+  void reset() {
+    reset(root);
+    nodes = 0;
+  }
+
+  optional<T&> find(const T& value) {
+    if(node_t* node = find(root, value)) return node->value;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  optional<const T&> find(const T& value) const {
+    if(node_t* node = find(root, value)) return node->value;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool insert(const T& value) {
+    unsigned count = size();
+    insert(root, value);
+    root->red = 0;
+    return size() > count;
+  }
+
+  template<typename... Args> bool insert(const T& value, Args&&... args) {
+    bool result = insert(value);
+    return insert(std::forward<Args>(args)...) | result;
+  }
+
+  bool remove(const T& value) {
+    unsigned count = size();
+    bool done = 0;
+    remove(root, &value, done);
+    if(root) root->red = 0;
+    return size() < count;
+  }
+
+  template<typename... Args> bool remove(const T& value, Args&&... args) {
+    bool result = remove(value);
+    return remove(std::forward<Args>(args)...) | result;
+  }
+
+  struct base_iterator {
+    bool operator!=(const base_iterator& source) const { return position != source.position; }
+
+    base_iterator& operator++() {
+      if(++position >= source.size()) { position = source.size(); return *this; }
+
+      if(stack.last()->link[1]) {
+        stack.append(stack.last()->link[1]);
+        while(stack.last()->link[0]) stack.append(stack.last()->link[0]);
+      } else {
+        node_t* child;
+        do child = stack.take();
+        while(child == stack.last()->link[1]);
+      }
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    base_iterator(const set& source, unsigned position) : source(source), position(position) {
+      node_t* node = source.root;
+      while(node) {
+        stack.append(node);
+        node = node->link[0];
+      }
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    const set& source;
+    unsigned position;
+    vector<node_t*> stack;
+  };
+
+  struct iterator : base_iterator {
+    T& operator*() const { return base_iterator::stack.last()->value; }
+    iterator(const set& source, unsigned position) : base_iterator(source, position) {}
+  };
+
+  iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+  iterator end() { return iterator(*this, size()); }
+
+  struct const_iterator : base_iterator {
+    const T& operator*() const { return base_iterator::stack.last()->value; }
+    const_iterator(const set& source, unsigned position) : base_iterator(source, position) {}
+  };
+
+  const const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(*this, 0); }
+  const const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator(*this, size()); }
+
+private:
+  void reset(node_t*& node) {
+    if(!node) return;
+    if(node->link[0]) reset(node->link[0]);
+    if(node->link[1]) reset(node->link[1]);
+    delete node;
+    node = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  void copy(const set& source) {
+    reset();
+    copy(root, source.root);
+    nodes = source.nodes;
+  }
+
+  void copy(node_t*& target, const node_t* source) {
+    if(!source) return;
+    target = new node_t(source->value);
+    target->red = source->red;
+    copy(target->link[0], source->link[0]);
+    copy(target->link[1], source->link[1]);
+  }
+
+  void move(set&& source) {
+    root = source.root;
+    nodes = source.nodes;
+    source.root = nullptr;
+    source.nodes = 0;
+  }
+
+  node_t* find(node_t* node, const T& value) const {
+    if(node == nullptr) return nullptr;
+    if(node->value == value) return node;
+    return find(node->link[node->value < value], value);
+  }
+
+  bool red(node_t* node) const { return node && node->red; }
+  bool black(node_t* node) const { return !red(node); }
+
+  void rotate(node_t*& a, bool dir) {
+    node_t*& b = a->link[!dir];
+    node_t*& c = b->link[dir];
+    a->red = 1, b->red = 0;
+    std::swap(a, b);
+    std::swap(b, c);
+  }
+
+  void rotateTwice(node_t*& node, bool dir) {
+    rotate(node->link[!dir], !dir);
+    rotate(node, dir);
+  }
+
+  void insert(node_t*& node, const T& value) {
+    if(!node) { nodes++; node = new node_t(value); return; }
+    if(node->value == value) { node->value = value; return; }  //prevent duplicate entries
+
+    bool dir = node->value < value;
+    insert(node->link[dir], value);
+    if(black(node->link[dir])) return;
+
+    if(red(node->link[!dir])) {
+      node->red = 1;
+      node->link[0]->red = 0;
+      node->link[1]->red = 0;
+    } else if(red(node->link[dir]->link[dir])) {
+      rotate(node, !dir);
+    } else if(red(node->link[dir]->link[!dir])) {
+      rotateTwice(node, !dir);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void balance(node_t*& node, bool dir, bool& done) {
+    node_t* p = node;
+    node_t* s = node->link[!dir];
+    if(!s) return;
+
+    if(red(s)) {
+      rotate(node, dir);
+      s = p->link[!dir];
+    }
+
+    if(black(s->link[0]) && black(s->link[1])) {
+      if(red(p)) done = 1;
+      p->red = 0, s->red = 1;
+    } else {
+      bool save = p->red;
+      bool head = node == p;
+
+      if(red(s->link[!dir])) rotate(p, dir);
+      else rotateTwice(p, dir);
+
+      p->red = save;
+      p->link[0]->red = 0;
+      p->link[1]->red = 0;
+
+      if(head) node = p;
+      else node->link[dir] = p;
+
+      done = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void remove(node_t*& node, const T* value, bool& done) {
+    if(!node) { done = 1; return; }
+
+    if(node->value == *value) {
+      if(!node->link[0] || !node->link[1]) {
+        node_t* save = node->link[!node->link[0]];
+
+        if(red(node)) done = 1;
+        else if(red(save)) save->red = 0, done = 1;
+
+        nodes--;
+        delete node;
+        node = save;
+        return;
+      } else {
+        node_t* heir = node->link[0];
+        while(heir->link[1]) heir = heir->link[1];
+        node->value = heir->value;
+        value = &heir->value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool dir = node->value < *value;
+    remove(node->link[dir], value, done);
+    if(!done) balance(node, dir, done);
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

higan/nall/sha256.hpp

@@ -6,140 +6,142 @@
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  #define PTR(t, a) ((t*)(a))
 
-  #define SWAP32(x) ((uint32_t)(           \
-    (((uint32_t)(x) & 0x000000ff) << 24) | \
-    (((uint32_t)(x) & 0x0000ff00) <<  8) | \
-    (((uint32_t)(x) & 0x00ff0000) >>  8) | \
-    (((uint32_t)(x) & 0xff000000) >> 24)   \
-  ))
+#define PTR(t, a) ((t*)(a))
 
-  #define ST32(a, d) *PTR(uint32_t, a) = (d)
-  #define ST32BE(a, d) ST32(a, SWAP32(d))
+#define SWAP32(x) ((uint32_t)(           \
+  (((uint32_t)(x) & 0x000000ff) << 24) | \
+  (((uint32_t)(x) & 0x0000ff00) <<  8) | \
+  (((uint32_t)(x) & 0x00ff0000) >>  8) | \
+  (((uint32_t)(x) & 0xff000000) >> 24)   \
+))
 
-  #define LD32(a) *PTR(uint32_t, a)
-  #define LD32BE(a) SWAP32(LD32(a))
+#define ST32(a, d) *PTR(uint32_t, a) = (d)
+#define ST32BE(a, d) ST32(a, SWAP32(d))
 
-  #define LSL32(x, n) ((uint32_t)(x) << (n))
-  #define LSR32(x, n) ((uint32_t)(x) >> (n))
-  #define ROR32(x, n) (LSR32(x, n) | LSL32(x, 32 - (n)))
+#define LD32(a) *PTR(uint32_t, a)
+#define LD32BE(a) SWAP32(LD32(a))
 
-  //first 32 bits of the fractional parts of the square roots of the first 8 primes 2..19
-  static const uint32_t T_H[8] = {
-    0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a, 0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19,
-  };
+#define LSL32(x, n) ((uint32_t)(x) << (n))
+#define LSR32(x, n) ((uint32_t)(x) >> (n))
+#define ROR32(x, n) (LSR32(x, n) | LSL32(x, 32 - (n)))
 
-  //first 32 bits of the fractional parts of the cube roots of the first 64 primes 2..311
-  static const uint32_t T_K[64] = {
-    0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
-    0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
-    0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
-    0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
-    0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
-    0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
-    0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
-    0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2,
-  };
+//first 32 bits of the fractional parts of the square roots of the first 8 primes 2..19
+static const uint32_t T_H[8] = {
+  0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a, 0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19,
+};
 
-  struct sha256_ctx {
-    uint8_t in[64];
-    unsigned inlen;
+//first 32 bits of the fractional parts of the cube roots of the first 64 primes 2..311
+static const uint32_t T_K[64] = {
+  0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
+  0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
+  0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
+  0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
+  0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
+  0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
+  0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
+  0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2,
+};
 
-    uint32_t w[64];
-    uint32_t h[8];
-    uint64_t len;
-  };
+struct sha256_ctx {
+  uint8_t in[64];
+  unsigned inlen;
 
-  inline void sha256_init(sha256_ctx *p) {
-    memset(p, 0, sizeof(sha256_ctx));
-    memcpy(p->h, T_H, sizeof(T_H));
+  uint32_t w[64];
+  uint32_t h[8];
+  uint64_t len;
+};
+
+inline void sha256_init(sha256_ctx* p) {
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(sha256_ctx));
+  memcpy(p->h, T_H, sizeof(T_H));
+}
+
+static void sha256_block(sha256_ctx* p) {
+  unsigned i;
+  uint32_t s0, s1;
+  uint32_t a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
+  uint32_t t1, t2, maj, ch;
+
+  for(i = 0; i < 16; i++) p->w[i] = LD32BE(p->in + i * 4);
+
+  for(i = 16; i < 64; i++) {
+    s0 = ROR32(p->w[i - 15],  7) ^ ROR32(p->w[i - 15], 18) ^ LSR32(p->w[i - 15],  3);
+    s1 = ROR32(p->w[i -  2], 17) ^ ROR32(p->w[i -  2], 19) ^ LSR32(p->w[i -  2], 10);
+    p->w[i] = p->w[i - 16] + s0 + p->w[i - 7] + s1;
   }
 
-  static void sha256_block(sha256_ctx *p) {
-    unsigned i;
-    uint32_t s0, s1;
-    uint32_t a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
-    uint32_t t1, t2, maj, ch;
+  a = p->h[0]; b = p->h[1]; c = p->h[2]; d = p->h[3];
+  e = p->h[4]; f = p->h[5]; g = p->h[6]; h = p->h[7];
 
-    for(i = 0; i < 16; i++) p->w[i] = LD32BE(p->in + i * 4);
+  for(i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+    s0 = ROR32(a, 2) ^ ROR32(a, 13) ^ ROR32(a, 22);
+    maj = (a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c);
+    t2 = s0 + maj;
+    s1 = ROR32(e, 6) ^ ROR32(e, 11) ^ ROR32(e, 25);
+    ch = (e & f) ^ (~e & g);
+    t1 = h + s1 + ch + T_K[i] + p->w[i];
 
-    for(i = 16; i < 64; i++) {
-      s0 = ROR32(p->w[i - 15],  7) ^ ROR32(p->w[i - 15], 18) ^ LSR32(p->w[i - 15],  3);
-      s1 = ROR32(p->w[i -  2], 17) ^ ROR32(p->w[i -  2], 19) ^ LSR32(p->w[i -  2], 10);
-      p->w[i] = p->w[i - 16] + s0 + p->w[i - 7] + s1;
-    }
-
-    a = p->h[0]; b = p->h[1]; c = p->h[2]; d = p->h[3];
-    e = p->h[4]; f = p->h[5]; g = p->h[6]; h = p->h[7];
-
-    for(i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
-      s0 = ROR32(a, 2) ^ ROR32(a, 13) ^ ROR32(a, 22);
-      maj = (a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c);
-      t2 = s0 + maj;
-      s1 = ROR32(e, 6) ^ ROR32(e, 11) ^ ROR32(e, 25);
-      ch = (e & f) ^ (~e & g);
-      t1 = h + s1 + ch + T_K[i] + p->w[i];
-
-      h = g; g = f; f = e; e = d + t1;
-      d = c; c = b; b = a; a = t1 + t2;
-    }
-
-    p->h[0] += a; p->h[1] += b; p->h[2] += c; p->h[3] += d;
-    p->h[4] += e; p->h[5] += f; p->h[6] += g; p->h[7] += h;
-
-    //next block
-    p->inlen = 0;
+    h = g; g = f; f = e; e = d + t1;
+    d = c; c = b; b = a; a = t1 + t2;
   }
 
-  inline void sha256_chunk(sha256_ctx *p, const uint8_t *s, unsigned len) {
-    unsigned l;
-    p->len += len;
+  p->h[0] += a; p->h[1] += b; p->h[2] += c; p->h[3] += d;
+  p->h[4] += e; p->h[5] += f; p->h[6] += g; p->h[7] += h;
 
-    while(len) {
-      l = 64 - p->inlen;
-      l = (len < l) ? len : l;
+  //next block
+  p->inlen = 0;
+}
 
-      memcpy(p->in + p->inlen, s, l);
-      s += l;
-      p->inlen += l;
-      len -= l;
+inline void sha256_chunk(sha256_ctx* p, const uint8_t* s, unsigned len) {
+  unsigned l;
+  p->len += len;
 
-      if(p->inlen == 64) sha256_block(p);
-    }
+  while(len) {
+    l = 64 - p->inlen;
+    l = (len < l) ? len : l;
+
+    memcpy(p->in + p->inlen, s, l);
+    s += l;
+    p->inlen += l;
+    len -= l;
+
+    if(p->inlen == 64) sha256_block(p);
   }
+}
 
-  inline void sha256_final(sha256_ctx *p) {
-    uint64_t len;
-    p->in[p->inlen++] = 0x80;
+inline void sha256_final(sha256_ctx* p) {
+  uint64_t len;
+  p->in[p->inlen++] = 0x80;
 
-    if(p->inlen > 56) {
-      memset(p->in + p->inlen, 0, 64 - p->inlen);
-      sha256_block(p);
-    }
-
-    memset(p->in + p->inlen, 0, 56 - p->inlen);
-
-    len = p->len << 3;
-    ST32BE(p->in + 56, len >> 32);
-    ST32BE(p->in + 60, len);
+  if(p->inlen > 56) {
+    memset(p->in + p->inlen, 0, 64 - p->inlen);
     sha256_block(p);
   }
 
-  inline void sha256_hash(sha256_ctx *p, uint8_t *s) {
-    uint32_t *t = (uint32_t*)s;
-    for(unsigned i = 0; i < 8; i++) ST32BE(t++, p->h[i]);
-  }
+  memset(p->in + p->inlen, 0, 56 - p->inlen);
+
+  len = p->len << 3;
+  ST32BE(p->in + 56, len >> 32);
+  ST32BE(p->in + 60, len);
+  sha256_block(p);
+}
+
+inline void sha256_hash(sha256_ctx* p, uint8_t* s) {
+  uint32_t *t = (uint32_t*)s;
+  for(unsigned i = 0; i < 8; i++) ST32BE(t++, p->h[i]);
+}
+
+#undef PTR
+#undef SWAP32
+#undef ST32
+#undef ST32BE
+#undef LD32
+#undef LD32BE
+#undef LSL32
+#undef LSR32
+#undef ROR32
 
-  #undef PTR
-  #undef SWAP32
-  #undef ST32
-  #undef ST32BE
-  #undef LD32
-  #undef LD32BE
-  #undef LSL32
-  #undef LSR32
-  #undef ROR32
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/sort.hpp

@@ -19,59 +19,59 @@
 //#define NALL_SORT_SELECTION
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename T, typename Comparator>
-  void sort(T list[], unsigned size, const Comparator &lessthan) {
-    if(size <= 1) return;  //nothing to sort
 
-    //use insertion sort to quickly sort smaller blocks
-    if(size < 64) {
-      #if defined(NALL_SORT_INSERTION)
-      for(signed i = 1, j; i < size; i++) {
-        T copy = std::move(list[i]);
-        for(j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
-          if(!lessthan(copy, list[j])) break;
-          list[j + 1] = std::move(list[j]);
-        }
-        list[j + 1] = std::move(copy);
+template<typename T, typename Comparator> void sort(T list[], unsigned size, const Comparator& lessthan) {
+  if(size <= 1) return;  //nothing to sort
+
+  //use insertion sort to quickly sort smaller blocks
+  if(size < 64) {
+    #if defined(NALL_SORT_INSERTION)
+    for(signed i = 1, j; i < size; i++) {
+      T copy = std::move(list[i]);
+      for(j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+        if(!lessthan(copy, list[j])) break;
+        list[j + 1] = std::move(list[j]);
       }
-      #elif defined(NALL_SORT_SELECTION)
-      for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        unsigned min = i;
-        for(unsigned j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
-          if(lessthan(list[j], list[min])) min = j;
-        }
-        if(min != i) std::swap(list[i], list[min]);
-      }
-      #endif
-      return;
+      list[j + 1] = std::move(copy);
     }
-
-    //split list in half and recursively sort both
-    unsigned middle = size / 2;
-    sort(list, middle, lessthan);
-    sort(list + middle, size - middle, lessthan);
-
-    //left and right are sorted here; perform merge sort
-    T *buffer = new T[size];
-    unsigned offset = 0, left = 0, right = middle;
-    while(left < middle && right < size) {
-      if(!lessthan(list[right], list[left])) {
-        buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
-      } else {
-        buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
+    #elif defined(NALL_SORT_SELECTION)
+    for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      unsigned min = i;
+      for(unsigned j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
+        if(lessthan(list[j], list[min])) min = j;
       }
+      if(min != i) std::swap(list[i], list[min]);
     }
-    while(left < middle) buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
-    while(right < size)  buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
-
-    for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) list[i] = std::move(buffer[i]);
-    delete[] buffer;
+    #endif
+    return;
   }
 
-  template<typename T>
-  void sort(T list[], unsigned size) {
-    return sort(list, size, [](const T &l, const T &r) { return l < r; });
+  //split list in half and recursively sort both
+  unsigned middle = size / 2;
+  sort(list, middle, lessthan);
+  sort(list + middle, size - middle, lessthan);
+
+  //left and right are sorted here; perform merge sort
+  T* buffer = new T[size];
+  unsigned offset = 0, left = 0, right = middle;
+  while(left < middle && right < size) {
+    if(!lessthan(list[right], list[left])) {
+      buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
+    } else {
+      buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
+    }
   }
+  while(left < middle) buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
+  while(right < size)  buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
+
+  for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) list[i] = std::move(buffer[i]);
+  delete[] buffer;
+}
+
+template<typename T> void sort(T list[], unsigned size) {
+  return sort(list, size, [](const T& l, const T& r) { return l < r; });
+}
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/stdint.hpp

@@ -28,15 +28,17 @@
 #endif
 
 namespace nall {
-  static_assert(sizeof(int8_t)   == 1, "int8_t is not of the correct size" );
-  static_assert(sizeof(int16_t)  == 2, "int16_t is not of the correct size");
-  static_assert(sizeof(int32_t)  == 4, "int32_t is not of the correct size");
-  static_assert(sizeof(int64_t)  == 8, "int64_t is not of the correct size");
 
-  static_assert(sizeof(uint8_t)  == 1, "int8_t is not of the correct size" );
-  static_assert(sizeof(uint16_t) == 2, "int16_t is not of the correct size");
-  static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) == 4, "int32_t is not of the correct size");
-  static_assert(sizeof(uint64_t) == 8, "int64_t is not of the correct size");
+static_assert(sizeof(int8_t)   == 1, "int8_t is not of the correct size" );
+static_assert(sizeof(int16_t)  == 2, "int16_t is not of the correct size");
+static_assert(sizeof(int32_t)  == 4, "int32_t is not of the correct size");
+static_assert(sizeof(int64_t)  == 8, "int64_t is not of the correct size");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(uint8_t)  == 1, "int8_t is not of the correct size" );
+static_assert(sizeof(uint16_t) == 2, "int16_t is not of the correct size");
+static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) == 4, "int32_t is not of the correct size");
+static_assert(sizeof(uint64_t) == 8, "int64_t is not of the correct size");
+
 }
 
 #endif

higan/nall/stream/auto.hpp

@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ namespace nall {
 
 #define autostream(...) (*makestream(__VA_ARGS__))
 
-inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(const string &path) {
+inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(const string& path) {
   if(path.ibeginswith("http://")) return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new httpstream(path, 80));
   if(path.iendswith(".gz")) return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new gzipstream(filestream{path}));
   if(path.iendswith(".zip")) return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new zipstream(filestream{path}));
   return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new mmapstream(path));
 }
 
-inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new memorystream(data, size));
 }
 
-inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new memorystream(data, size));
 }
 

higan/nall/stream/file.hpp

@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ struct filestream : stream {
   uint8_t read() const { return pfile.read(); }
   void write(uint8_t data) const { pfile.write(data); }
 
-  filestream(const string &filename) {
+  filestream(const string& filename) {
     pfile.open(filename, file::mode::readwrite);
     pwritable = pfile.open();
     if(!pwritable) pfile.open(filename, file::mode::read);
   }
 
-  filestream(const string &filename, file::mode mode) {
+  filestream(const string& filename, file::mode mode) {
     pfile.open(filename, mode);
     pwritable = mode == file::mode::write || mode == file::mode::readwrite;
   }

higan/nall/stream/gzip.hpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ struct gzipstream : memorystream {
   using stream::read;
   using stream::write;
 
-  gzipstream(const stream &stream) {
+  gzipstream(const stream& stream) {
     unsigned size = stream.size();
     uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[size];
     stream.read(data, size);

higan/nall/stream/http.hpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ struct httpstream : stream {
   uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return pdata[offset]; }
   void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { pdata[offset] = data; }
 
-  httpstream(const string &url, unsigned port) : pdata(nullptr), psize(0), poffset(0) {
+  httpstream(const string& url, unsigned port) : pdata(nullptr), psize(0), poffset(0) {
     string uri = url;
     uri.ltrim<1>("http://");
     lstring part = uri.split<1>("/");
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct httpstream : stream {
   }
 
 private:
-  mutable uint8_t *pdata;
+  mutable uint8_t* pdata;
   mutable unsigned psize, poffset;
 };
 

higan/nall/stream/memory.hpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct memorystream : stream {
   bool writable() const { return pwritable; }
   bool randomaccess() const { return true; }
 
-  uint8_t *data() const { return pdata; }
+  uint8_t* data() const { return pdata; }
   unsigned size() const { return psize; }
   unsigned offset() const { return poffset; }
   void seek(unsigned offset) const { poffset = offset; }
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ struct memorystream : stream {
 
   memorystream() : pdata(nullptr), psize(0), poffset(0), pwritable(true) {}
 
-  memorystream(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  memorystream(uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
     pdata = data, psize = size, poffset = 0;
     pwritable = true;
   }
 
-  memorystream(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  memorystream(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
     pdata = (uint8_t*)data, psize = size, poffset = 0;
     pwritable = false;
   }
 
 protected:
-  mutable uint8_t *pdata;
+  mutable uint8_t* pdata;
   mutable unsigned psize, poffset, pwritable;
 };
 

higan/nall/stream/mmap.hpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ struct mmapstream : stream {
   uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return pdata[offset]; }
   void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { pdata[offset] = data; }
 
-  mmapstream(const string &filename) {
+  mmapstream(const string& filename) {
     pmmap.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite);
     pwritable = pmmap.open();
     if(!pwritable) pmmap.open(filename, filemap::mode::read);
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ struct mmapstream : stream {
 
 private:
   mutable filemap pmmap;
-  mutable uint8_t *pdata;
+  mutable uint8_t* pdata;
   mutable unsigned pwritable, poffset;
 };
 

higan/nall/stream/stream.hpp

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ struct stream {
     return data;
   }
 
-  void read(uint8_t *data, unsigned length) const {
+  void read(uint8_t* data, unsigned length) const {
     while(length--) *data++ = read();
   }
 
@@ -72,17 +72,17 @@ struct stream {
     }
   }
 
-  void write(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) const {
+  void write(const uint8_t* data, unsigned length) const {
     while(length--) write(*data++);
   }
 
   struct byte {
     operator uint8_t() const { return s.read(offset); }
     byte& operator=(uint8_t data) { s.write(offset, data); return *this; }
-    byte(const stream &s, unsigned offset) : s(s), offset(offset) {}
+    byte(const stream& s, unsigned offset) : s(s), offset(offset) {}
 
   private:
-    const stream &s;
+    const stream& s;
     const unsigned offset;
   };
 

higan/nall/stream/vector.hpp

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ struct vectorstream : stream {
   uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return memory[offset]; }
   void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { memory[offset] = data; }
 
-  vectorstream(vector<uint8_t> &memory) : memory(memory), poffset(0), pwritable(true) {}
-  vectorstream(const vector<uint8_t> &memory) : memory((vector<uint8_t>&)memory), poffset(0), pwritable(false) {}
+  vectorstream(vector<uint8_t>& memory) : memory(memory), poffset(0), pwritable(true) {}
+  vectorstream(const vector<uint8_t>& memory) : memory((vector<uint8_t>&)memory), poffset(0), pwritable(false) {}
 
 protected:
-  vector<uint8_t> &memory;
+  vector<uint8_t>& memory;
   mutable unsigned poffset, pwritable;
 };
 

higan/nall/stream/zip.hpp

@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ struct zipstream : memorystream {
   using stream::read;
   using stream::write;
 
-  zipstream(const stream &stream, const string &filter = "*") {
+  zipstream(const stream& stream, const string& filter = "*") {
     unsigned size = stream.size();
-    uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[size];
+    uint8_t* data = new uint8_t[size];
     stream.read(data, size);
 
     unzip archive;
     if(archive.open(data, size) == false) return;
     delete[] data;
 
-    for(auto &file : archive.file) {
+    for(auto& file : archive.file) {
       if(file.name.wildcard(filter)) {
         auto buffer = archive.extract(file);
         psize = buffer.size();

higan/nall/string/base.hpp

@@ -11,19 +11,18 @@ namespace nall {
     inline unsigned length() const;
     inline bool operator==(const char*) const;
     inline bool operator!=(const char*) const;
-    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char *key) const;
-    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char *key) const;
-    inline cstring& operator=(const char *data);
-    inline cstring(const char *data);
+    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char* key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char* key) const;
+    inline cstring& operator=(const char* data);
+    inline cstring(const char* data);
     inline cstring();
 
   protected:
-    const char *data;
+    const char* data;
   };
 
   struct string {
-    //deprecated: use string text = file::read(filename);
-    inline static string read(const string &filename);
+    inline static string read(const string& filename);
 
     inline static string date();
     inline static string time();
@@ -68,18 +67,18 @@ namespace nall {
     inline string& upper();
     inline string& qlower();
     inline string& qupper();
-    inline string& transform(const char *before, const char *after);
+    inline string& transform(const char* before, const char* after);
     inline string& reverse();
 
-    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& ltrim(const char *key = " ");
-    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& rtrim(const char *key = " ");
-    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& trim(const char *key = " ", const char *rkey = nullptr);
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& ltrim(const char* key = " ");
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& rtrim(const char* key = " ");
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& trim(const char* key = " ", const char* rkey = nullptr);
     inline string& strip();
 
-    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char *key) const;
-    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char *key) const;
-    inline optional<unsigned> qposition(const char *key) const;
-    inline optional<unsigned> iqposition(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char* key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char* key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> qposition(const char* key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iqposition(const char* key) const;
 
     inline explicit operator bool() const;
     inline operator const char*() const;
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ namespace nall {
     inline string& append_(const char*);
 
   protected:
-    char *data;
+    char* data;
     unsigned size;
 
     template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> inline string& ureplace(const char*, const char*);
@@ -125,8 +124,9 @@ namespace nall {
   struct lstring : vector<string> {
     inline optional<unsigned> find(const char*) const;
     inline string concatenate(const char*) const;
+    inline lstring& isort();
+    inline lstring& strip();
     inline void append() {}
-    inline void isort();
     template<typename... Args> inline void append(const string&, Args&&...);
 
     template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& split(const char*, const char*);
@@ -153,81 +153,81 @@ namespace nall {
   //compare.hpp
   inline char chrlower(char c);
   inline char chrupper(char c);
-  inline int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
-  inline bool strbegin(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline bool strend(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline bool istrend(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline int istrcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2);
+  inline bool strbegin(const char* str, const char* key);
+  inline bool istrbegin(const char* str, const char* key);
+  inline bool strend(const char* str, const char* key);
+  inline bool istrend(const char* str, const char* key);
 
   //convert.hpp
-  inline char* strlower(char *str);
-  inline char* strupper(char *str);
-  inline char* qstrlower(char *str);
-  inline char* qstrupper(char *str);
-  inline char* strtr(char *dest, const char *before, const char *after);
+  inline char* strlower(char* str);
+  inline char* strupper(char* str);
+  inline char* qstrlower(char* str);
+  inline char* qstrupper(char* str);
+  inline char* strtr(char* dest, const char* before, const char* after);
 
   //format.hpp
-  template<signed precision = 0, char padchar = ' '> inline string format(const string &value);
+  template<signed precision = 0, char padchar = ' '> inline string format(const string& value);
   template<signed precision = 0, char padchar = '0'> inline string hex(uintmax_t value);
   template<signed precision = 0, char padchar = '0'> inline string octal(uintmax_t value);
   template<signed precision = 0, char padchar = '0'> inline string binary(uintmax_t value);
 
   //math.hpp
-  inline bool strint(const char *str, int &result);
-  inline bool strmath(const char *str, int &result);
+  inline bool strint(const char* str, int& result);
+  inline bool strmath(const char* str, int& result);
 
   //platform.hpp
   inline string activepath();
-  inline string realpath(const string &name);
+  inline string realpath(const string& name);
   inline string userpath();
   inline string configpath();
   inline string sharedpath();
   inline string temppath();
 
   //strm.hpp
-  inline unsigned strmcpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
-  inline unsigned strmcat(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
-  inline bool strccpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
-  inline bool strccat(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
-  inline void strpcpy(char *&target, const char *source, unsigned &length);
+  inline unsigned strmcpy(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length);
+  inline unsigned strmcat(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length);
+  inline bool strccpy(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length);
+  inline bool strccat(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length);
+  inline void strpcpy(char*& target, const char* source, unsigned& length);
 
   //strpos.hpp
-  inline optional<unsigned> strpos(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline optional<unsigned> istrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline optional<unsigned> qstrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline optional<unsigned> iqstrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
-  template<bool Insensitive = false, bool Quoted = false> inline optional<unsigned> ustrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> strpos(const char* str, const char* key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> istrpos(const char* str, const char* key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> qstrpos(const char* str, const char* key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> iqstrpos(const char* str, const char* key);
+  template<bool Insensitive = false, bool Quoted = false> inline optional<unsigned> ustrpos(const char* str, const char* key);
 
   //trim.hpp
-  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* ltrim(char *str, const char *key = " ");
-  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* rtrim(char *str, const char *key = " ");
-  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* trim(char *str, const char *key = " ", const char *rkey = nullptr);
-  inline char* strip(char *s);
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* ltrim(char* str, const char* key = " ");
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* rtrim(char* str, const char* key = " ");
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* trim(char* str, const char* key = " ", const char* rkey = nullptr);
+  inline char* strip(char* s);
 
   //utility.hpp
   template<bool Insensitive> alwaysinline bool chrequal(char x, char y);
-  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quoteskip(T *&p);
-  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quotecopy(char *&t, T *&p);
-  inline string substr(const char *src, unsigned start = 0, unsigned length = ~0u);
-  inline string sha256(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quoteskip(T*& p);
+  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quotecopy(char*& t, T*& p);
+  inline string substr(const char* src, unsigned start = 0, unsigned length = ~0u);
+  inline string sha256(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size);
 
-  inline char* integer(char *result, intmax_t value);
-  inline char* decimal(char *result, uintmax_t value);
+  inline char* integer(char* result, intmax_t value);
+  inline char* decimal(char* result, uintmax_t value);
 
   //these functions are deprecated, use format() instead:
   template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string integer(intmax_t value);
   template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string linteger(intmax_t value);
   template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string decimal(uintmax_t value);
   template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string ldecimal(uintmax_t value);
-  inline unsigned fp(char *str, long double value);
+  inline unsigned fp(char* str, long double value);
   inline string fp(long double value);
 
   //variadic.hpp
   template<typename... Args> inline void print(Args&&... args);
 
   //wildcard.hpp
-  inline bool wildcard(const char *str, const char *pattern);
-  inline bool iwildcard(const char *str, const char *pattern);
+  inline bool wildcard(const char* str, const char* pattern);
+  inline bool iwildcard(const char* str, const char* pattern);
 };
 
 #endif

higan/nall/string/bsv.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 struct BSV {
-  static inline string decode(const char *input) {
+  static inline string decode(const char* input) {
     string output;
     unsigned offset = 0;
     while(*input) {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct BSV {
     return output;
   }
 
-  static inline string encode(const char *input) {
+  static inline string encode(const char* input) {
     string output;
     unsigned offset = 0;
     while(*input) {

higan/nall/string/cast.hpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ template<> struct stringify<long double> {
 // arrays
 
 template<> struct stringify<vector<uint8_t>> {
-  char *text;
+  char* text;
   operator const char*() const { return text; }
   stringify(vector<uint8_t> value) {
     text = new char[value.size() + 1]();
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ template<> struct stringify<vector<uint8_t>> {
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<const vector<uint8_t>&> {
-  char *text;
+  char* text;
   operator const char*() const { return text; }
-  stringify(const vector<uint8_t> &value) {
+  stringify(const vector<uint8_t>& value) {
     text = new char[value.size() + 1]();
     memcpy(text, value.data(), value.size());
   }
@@ -145,53 +145,53 @@ template<> struct stringify<const vector<uint8_t>&> {
 // strings
 
 template<> struct stringify<char*> {
-  const char *value;
+  const char* value;
   operator const char*() const { return value; }
-  stringify(char *value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(char* value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<const char*> {
-  const char *value;
+  const char* value;
   operator const char*() const { return value; }
-  stringify(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const char* value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<string> {
-  const string &value;
+  const string& value;
   operator const char*() const { return value; }
-  stringify(const string &value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const string& value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<const string&> {
-  const string &value;
+  const string& value;
   operator const char*() const { return value; }
-  stringify(const string &value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const string& value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<cstring> {
-  const char *value;
+  const char* value;
   operator const char*() const { return value; }
-  stringify(const cstring &value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const cstring& value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<const cstring&> {
-  const char *value;
+  const char* value;
   operator const char*() const { return value; }
-  stringify(const cstring &value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const cstring& value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 #if defined(QSTRING_H)
 
 template<> struct stringify<QString> {
-  const QString &value;
+  const QString& value;
   operator const char*() const { return value.toUtf8().constData(); }
-  stringify(const QString &value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const QString& value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 template<> struct stringify<const QString&> {
-  const QString &value;
+  const QString& value;
   operator const char*() const { return value.toUtf8().constData(); }
-  stringify(const QString &value) : value(value) {}
+  stringify(const QString& value) : value(value) {}
 };
 
 string::operator QString() const {

higan/nall/string/compare.hpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ char chrupper(char c) {
   return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ? c - ('a' - 'A') : c;
 }
 
-int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
+int istrcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2) {
   while(*str1) {
     if(chrlower(*str1) != chrlower(*str2)) break;
     str1++, str2++;
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
   return (int)chrlower(*str1) - (int)chrlower(*str2);
 }
 
-bool strbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
+bool strbegin(const char* str, const char* key) {
   int i, ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
 
   if(ksl > ssl) return false;
   return (!memcmp(str, key, ksl));
 }
 
-bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
+bool istrbegin(const char* str, const char* key) {
   int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
 
   if(ksl > ssl) return false;
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strend(const char *str, const char *key) {
+bool strend(const char* str, const char* key) {
   int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
 
   if(ksl > ssl) return false;
   return (!memcmp(str + ssl - ksl, key, ksl));
 }
 
-bool istrend(const char *str, const char *key) {
+bool istrend(const char* str, const char* key) {
   int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
 
   if(ksl > ssl) return false;

higan/nall/string/convert.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-char* strlower(char *str) {
+char* strlower(char* str) {
   if(!str) return nullptr;
   int i = 0;
   while(str[i]) {
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ char* strlower(char *str) {
   return str;
 }
 
-char* strupper(char *str) {
+char* strupper(char* str) {
   if(!str) return nullptr;
   int i = 0;
   while(str[i]) {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ char* strupper(char *str) {
   return str;
 }
 
-char* qstrlower(char *s) {
+char* qstrlower(char* s) {
   if(!s) return nullptr;
   bool quoted = false;
   while(*s) {
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ char* qstrlower(char *s) {
   }
 }
 
-char* qstrupper(char *s) {
+char* qstrupper(char* s) {
   if(!s) return nullptr;
   bool quoted = false;
   while(*s) {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ char* qstrupper(char *s) {
   }
 }
 
-char* strtr(char *dest, const char *before, const char *after) {
+char* strtr(char* dest, const char* before, const char* after) {
   if(!dest || !before || !after) return dest;
   int sl = strlen(dest), bsl = strlen(before), asl = strlen(after);
 

higan/nall/string/core.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ static void istring(string &output) {
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename... Args>
-static void istring(string &output, const T &value, Args&&... args) {
+static void istring(string& output, const T& value, Args&&... args) {
   output.append_(make_string(value));
   istring(output, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ template<typename... Args> string& string::append(Args&&... args) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-string& string::assign_(const char *s) {
+string& string::assign_(const char* s) {
   unsigned length = strlen(s);
   reserve(length);
   strcpy(data, s);
   return *this;
 }
 
-string& string::append_(const char *s) {
+string& string::append_(const char* s) {
   unsigned length = strlen(data) + strlen(s);
   reserve(length);
   strcat(data, s);
@@ -77,20 +77,20 @@ char& string::operator[](int index) {
   return data[index];
 }
 
-bool string::operator==(const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str) == 0; }
-bool string::operator!=(const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str) != 0; }
-bool string::operator< (const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str)  < 0; }
-bool string::operator<=(const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str) <= 0; }
-bool string::operator> (const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str)  > 0; }
-bool string::operator>=(const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str) >= 0; }
+bool string::operator==(const char* str) const { return strcmp(data, str) == 0; }
+bool string::operator!=(const char* str) const { return strcmp(data, str) != 0; }
+bool string::operator< (const char* str) const { return strcmp(data, str)  < 0; }
+bool string::operator<=(const char* str) const { return strcmp(data, str) <= 0; }
+bool string::operator> (const char* str) const { return strcmp(data, str)  > 0; }
+bool string::operator>=(const char* str) const { return strcmp(data, str) >= 0; }
 
-string& string::operator=(const string &value) {
+string& string::operator=(const string& value) {
   if(&value == this) return *this;
   assign(value);
   return *this;
 }
 
-string& string::operator=(string &&source) {
+string& string::operator=(string&& source) {
   if(&source == this) return *this;
   if(data) free(data);
   size = source.size;
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ template<typename... Args> string::string(Args&&... args) {
   istring(*this, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
-string::string(const string &value) {
+string::string(const string& value) {
   if(&value == this) return;
   size = strlen(value);
   data = strdup(value);
 }
 
-string::string(string &&source) {
+string::string(string&& source) {
   if(&source == this) return;
   size = source.size;
   data = source.data;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ string::~string() {
   if(data) free(data);
 }
 
-bool string::readfile(const string &filename) {
+bool string::readfile(const string& filename) {
   assign("");
 
   #if !defined(_WIN32)
@@ -147,14 +147,14 @@ bool string::readfile(const string &filename) {
   return true;
 }
 
-optional<unsigned> lstring::find(const char *key) const {
+optional<unsigned> lstring::find(const char* key) const {
   for(unsigned i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
     if(operator[](i) == key) return { true, i };
   }
   return { false, 0 };
 }
 
-string lstring::concatenate(const char *separator) const {
+string lstring::concatenate(const char* separator) const {
   string output;
   for(unsigned i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
     output.append(operator[](i), i < size() - 1 ? separator : "");
@@ -162,18 +162,26 @@ string lstring::concatenate(const char *separator) const {
   return output;
 }
 
-template<typename... Args> void lstring::append(const string &data, Args&&... args) {
+lstring& lstring::isort() {
+  nall::sort(pool, objectsize, [](const string& x, const string& y) {
+    return istrcmp(x, y) < 0;
+  });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+lstring& lstring::strip() {
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
+    operator[](n).strip();
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename... Args> void lstring::append(const string& data, Args&&... args) {
   vector::append(data);
   append(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
-void lstring::isort() {
-  nall::sort(pool, objectsize, [](const string &x, const string &y) {
-    return istrcmp(x, y) < 0;
-  });
-}
-
-bool lstring::operator==(const lstring &source) const {
+bool lstring::operator==(const lstring& source) const {
   if(this == &source) return true;
   if(size() != source.size()) return false;
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
@@ -182,21 +190,21 @@ bool lstring::operator==(const lstring &source) const {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool lstring::operator!=(const lstring &source) const {
+bool lstring::operator!=(const lstring& source) const {
   return !operator==(source);
 }
 
-lstring& lstring::operator=(const lstring &source) {
+lstring& lstring::operator=(const lstring& source) {
   vector::operator=(source);
   return *this;
 }
 
-lstring& lstring::operator=(lstring &source) {
+lstring& lstring::operator=(lstring& source) {
   vector::operator=(source);
   return *this;
 }
 
-lstring& lstring::operator=(lstring &&source) {
+lstring& lstring::operator=(lstring&& source) {
   vector::operator=(std::move(source));
   return *this;
 }
@@ -205,15 +213,15 @@ template<typename... Args> lstring::lstring(Args&&... args) {
   append(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
-lstring::lstring(const lstring &source) {
+lstring::lstring(const lstring& source) {
   vector::operator=(source);
 }
 
-lstring::lstring(lstring &source) {
+lstring::lstring(lstring& source) {
   vector::operator=(source);
 }
 
-lstring::lstring(lstring &&source) {
+lstring::lstring(lstring&& source) {
   vector::operator=(std::move(source));
 }
 

higan/nall/string/cstring.hpp

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ namespace nall {
 
 cstring::operator const char*() const { return data; }
 unsigned cstring::length() const { return strlen(data); }
-bool cstring::operator==(const char *s) const { return !strcmp(data, s); }
-bool cstring::operator!=(const char *s) const { return  strcmp(data, s); }
-optional<unsigned> cstring::position (const char *key) const { return  strpos(data, key); }
-optional<unsigned> cstring::iposition(const char *key) const { return istrpos(data, key); }
-cstring& cstring::operator=(const char *data) { this->data = data; return *this; }
-cstring::cstring(const char *data) : data(data) {}
+bool cstring::operator==(const char* s) const { return !strcmp(data, s); }
+bool cstring::operator!=(const char* s) const { return  strcmp(data, s); }
+optional<unsigned> cstring::position (const char* key) const { return  strpos(data, key); }
+optional<unsigned> cstring::iposition(const char* key) const { return istrpos(data, key); }
+cstring& cstring::operator=(const char* data) { this->data = data; return *this; }
+cstring::cstring(const char* data) : data(data) {}
 cstring::cstring() : data("") {}
 
 }

higan/nall/string/datetime.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace nall {
 
 string string::date() {
   time_t timestamp = ::time(nullptr);
-  tm *info = localtime(&timestamp);
+  tm* info = localtime(&timestamp);
   return {
     decimal<4, '0'>(1900 + info->tm_year), "-",
     decimal<2, '0'>(1 + info->tm_mon), "-",
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ string string::date() {
 
 string string::time() {
   time_t timestamp = ::time(nullptr);
-  tm *info = localtime(&timestamp);
+  tm* info = localtime(&timestamp);
   return {
     decimal<2, '0'>(info->tm_hour), ":",
     decimal<2, '0'>(info->tm_min), ":",

higan/nall/string/format.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-template<signed precision, char padchar> string format(const string &value) {
+template<signed precision, char padchar> string format(const string& value) {
   if(precision == 0) return value;
 
   bool padright = precision >= 0;

higan/nall/string/markup/bml.hpp

@@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //determine indentation level, without incrementing pointer
-  unsigned readDepth(const char *p) {
+  unsigned readDepth(const char* p) {
     unsigned depth = 0;
     while(p[depth] == '\t' || p[depth] == ' ') depth++;
     return depth;
   }
 
   //determine indentation level
-  unsigned parseDepth(const char *&p) {
+  unsigned parseDepth(const char*& p) {
     unsigned depth = readDepth(p);
     p += depth;
     return depth;
   }
 
   //read name
-  void parseName(const char *&p) {
+  void parseName(const char*& p) {
     unsigned length = 0;
     while(valid(p[length])) length++;
     if(length == 0) throw "Invalid node name";
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ protected:
     p += length;
   }
 
-  void parseData(const char *&p) {
+  void parseData(const char*& p) {
     if(*p == '=' && *(p + 1) == '\"') {
       unsigned length = 2;
       while(p[length] && p[length] != '\n' && p[length] != '\"') length++;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //read all attributes for a node
-  void parseAttributes(const char *&p) {
+  void parseAttributes(const char*& p) {
     while(*p && *p != '\n') {
       if(*p != ' ') throw "Invalid node name";
       while(*p == ' ') p++;  //skip excess spaces
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //read a node and all of its child nodes
-  void parseNode(const lstring &text, unsigned &y) {
-    const char *p = text[y++];
+  void parseNode(const lstring& text, unsigned& y) {
+    const char* p = text[y++];
     level = parseDepth(p);
     parseName(p);
     parseData(p);
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //read top-level nodes
-  void parse(const string &document) {
-    lstring text = document.split("\n");
+  void parse(const string& document) {
+    lstring text = string{document}.replace("\r", "").split("\n");
 
     //remove empty lines and comment lines
     for(unsigned y = 0; y < text.size();) {
@@ -134,12 +134,12 @@ protected:
 struct Document : Node {
   string error;
 
-  bool load(const string &document) {
+  bool load(const string& document) {
     name = "", data = "";
 
     try {
       parse(document);
-    } catch(const char *error) {
+    } catch(const char* error) {
       this->error = error;
       children.reset();
       return false;
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ struct Document : Node {
     return true;
   }
 
-  Document(const string &document = "") {
+  Document(const string& document = "") {
     load(document);
   }
 };

higan/nall/string/markup/document.hpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 namespace nall {
 namespace Markup {
 
-inline Node Document(const string &markup) {
+inline Node Document(const string& markup) {
   if(markup.beginswith("<")) return XML::Document(markup);
   return BML::Document(markup);
 }

higan/nall/string/markup/node.hpp

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ struct Node {
     children.reset();
   }
 
-  bool evaluate(const string &query) const {
+  bool evaluate(const string& query) const {
     if(query.empty()) return true;
     lstring rules = string{query}.replace(" ", "").split(",");
 
-    for(auto &rule : rules) {
+    for(auto& rule : rules) {
       enum class Comparator : unsigned { ID, EQ, NE, LT, LE, GT, GE };
       auto comparator = Comparator::ID;
            if(rule.wildcard("*!=*")) comparator = Comparator::NE;
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ struct Node {
     return true;
   }
 
-  vector<Node> find(const string &query) const {
+  vector<Node> find(const string& query) const {
     vector<Node> result;
 
     lstring path = query.split("/");
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ struct Node {
     }
 
     unsigned position = 0;
-    for(auto &node : children) {
+    for(auto& node : children) {
       if(node.name.wildcard(name) == false) continue;
       if(node.evaluate(rule) == false) continue;
 
@@ -116,22 +116,23 @@ struct Node {
       if(path.size() == 0) result.append(node);
       else {
         auto list = node.find(path.concatenate("/"));
-        for(auto &item : list) result.append(item);
+        for(auto& item : list) result.append(item);
       }
     }
 
     return result;
   }
 
-  Node operator[](const string &query) const {
+  Node operator[](const string& query) const {
     auto result = find(query);
     return result(0);
   }
 
-  Node* begin() { return children.begin(); }
-  Node* end() { return children.end(); }
-  const Node* begin() const { return children.begin(); }
-  const Node* end() const { return children.end(); }
+  vector<Node>::iterator begin() { return children.begin(); }
+  vector<Node>::iterator end() { return children.end(); }
+
+  const vector<Node>::const_iterator begin() const { return children.begin(); }
+  const vector<Node>::const_iterator end() const { return children.end(); }
 
   Node() : attribute(false), level(0) {}
 

higan/nall/string/markup/xml.hpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //copy part of string from source document into target string; decode markup while copying
-  inline void copy(string &target, const char *source, unsigned length) {
+  inline void copy(string& target, const char* source, unsigned length) {
     target.reserve(length + 1);
 
     #if defined(NALL_XML_LITERAL)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ protected:
     return;
     #endif
 
-    char *output = target();
+    char* output = target();
     while(length) {
       if(*source == '&') {
         if(!memcmp(source, "&lt;",   4)) { *output++ = '<';  source += 4; length -= 4; continue; }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ protected:
     *output = 0;
   }
 
-  inline bool parseExpression(const char *&p) {
+  inline bool parseExpression(const char*& p) {
     if(*(p + 1) != '!') return false;
 
     //comment
@@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //returns true if tag closes itself (<tag/>); false if not (<tag>)
-  inline bool parseHead(const char *&p) {
+  inline bool parseHead(const char*& p) {
     //parse name
-    const char *nameStart = ++p;  //skip '<'
+    const char* nameStart = ++p;  //skip '<'
     while(isName(*p)) p++;
-    const char *nameEnd = p;
+    const char* nameEnd = p;
     copy(name, nameStart, nameEnd - nameStart);
     if(name.empty()) throw "missing element name";
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ protected:
       Node attribute;
       attribute.attribute = true;
 
-      const char *nameStart = p;
+      const char* nameStart = p;
       while(isName(*p)) p++;
-      const char *nameEnd = p;
+      const char* nameEnd = p;
       copy(attribute.name, nameStart, nameEnd - nameStart);
       if(attribute.name.empty()) throw "missing attribute name";
 
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ protected:
       if(*p++ != '=') throw "missing attribute value";
       char terminal = *p++;
       if(terminal != '\'' && terminal != '\"') throw "attribute value not quoted";
-      const char *dataStart = p;
+      const char* dataStart = p;
       while(*p && *p != terminal) p++;
       if(!*p) throw "missing attribute data terminal";
-      const char *dataEnd = p++;  //skip closing terminal
+      const char* dataEnd = p++;  //skip closing terminal
 
       copy(attribute.data, dataStart, dataEnd - dataStart);
       children.append(attribute);
@@ -157,27 +157,28 @@ protected:
   }
 
   //parse element and all of its child elements
-  inline void parseElement(const char *&p) {
+  inline void parseElement(const char*& p) {
     Node node;
     if(node.parseHead(p) == false) node.parse(p);
     children.append(node);
   }
 
   //return true if </tag> matches this node's name
-  inline bool parseClosureElement(const char *&p) {
+  inline bool parseClosureElement(const char*& p) {
     if(p[0] != '<' || p[1] != '/') return false;
     p += 2;
-    const char *nameStart = p;
+    const char* nameStart = p;
     while(*p && *p != '>') p++;
     if(*p != '>') throw "unclosed closure element";
-    const char *nameEnd = p++;
+    const char* nameEnd = p++;
     if(memcmp(name, nameStart, nameEnd - nameStart)) throw "closure element name mismatch";
     return true;
   }
 
   //parse contents of an element
-  inline void parse(const char *&p) {
-    const char *dataStart = p, *dataEnd = p;
+  inline void parse(const char*& p) {
+    const char* dataStart = p;
+    const char* dataEnd = p;
 
     while(*p) {
       while(*p && *p != '<') p++;
@@ -195,12 +196,12 @@ protected:
 struct Document : Node {
   string error;
 
-  inline bool load(const char *document) {
+  inline bool load(const char* document) {
     if(document == nullptr) return false;
     reset();
     try {
       parse(document);
-    } catch(const char *error) {
+    } catch(const char* error) {
       reset();
       this->error = error;
       return false;
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ struct Document : Node {
   }
 
   inline Document() {}
-  inline Document(const char *document) { load(document); }
+  inline Document(const char* document) { load(document); }
 };
 
 }

higan/nall/string/math-fixed-point.hpp

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace fixedpoint {
 
-static nall::function<intmax_t (const char *&)> eval_fallback;
+static nall::function<intmax_t (const char*&)> eval_fallback;
 
-static intmax_t eval_integer(const char *& s) {
+static intmax_t eval_integer(const char*& s) {
   if(!*s) throw "unrecognized integer";
   intmax_t value = 0, x = *s, y = *(s + 1);
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static intmax_t eval_integer(const char *& s) {
   throw "unrecognized integer";
 }
 
-static intmax_t eval(const char *&s, int depth = 0) {
+static intmax_t eval(const char*& s, int depth = 0) {
   while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++;  //trim whitespace
   if(!*s) throw "unrecognized token";
   intmax_t value = 0, x = *s, y = *(s + 1);
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static intmax_t eval(const char *&s, int depth = 0) {
   return value;
 }
 
-static bool eval(const char *s, intmax_t &result) {
+static bool eval(const char* s, intmax_t &result) {
   try {
     result = eval(s);
     return true;
@@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ static bool eval(const char *s, intmax_t &result) {
   }
 }
 
-static intmax_t parse(const char *s) {
+static intmax_t parse(const char* s) {
   try {
     intmax_t result = eval(s);
     return result;
-  } catch(const char *) {
+  } catch(const char*) {
     return 0;
   }
 }

higan/nall/string/math-floating-point.hpp

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace floatingpoint {
 
-static nall::function<double (const char *&)> eval_fallback;
+static nall::function<double (const char*&)> eval_fallback;
 
-static double eval_integer(const char *&s) {
+static double eval_integer(const char*& s) {
   if(!*s) throw "unrecognized integer";
   intmax_t value = 0, radix = 0, x = *s, y = *(s + 1);
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static double eval_integer(const char *&s) {
   throw "unrecognized integer";
 }
 
-static double eval(const char *&s, int depth = 0) {
+static double eval(const char*& s, int depth = 0) {
   while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++;  //trim whitespace
   if(!*s) throw "unrecognized token";
   double value = 0, x = *s, y = *(s + 1);
@@ -133,21 +133,21 @@ static double eval(const char *&s, int depth = 0) {
   return value;
 }
 
-static bool eval(const char *s, double &result) {
+static bool eval(const char* s, double& result) {
   try {
     result = eval(s);
     return true;
-  } catch(const char*e) {
+  } catch(const char*) {
     result = 0;
     return false;
   }
 }
 
-static double parse(const char *s) {
+static double parse(const char* s) {
   try {
     double result = eval(s);
     return result;
-  } catch(const char *) {
+  } catch(const char*) {
     return 0;
   }
 }

higan/nall/string/platform.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ string activepath() {
   return result;
 }
 
-string realpath(const string &name) {
+string realpath(const string& name) {
   string result;
   #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   wchar_t path[PATH_MAX] = L"";

higan/nall/string/replace.hpp

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted>
-string& string::ureplace(const char *key, const char *token) {
+string& string::ureplace(const char* key, const char* token) {
   if(!key || !*key) return *this;
   enum : unsigned { limit = Limit ? Limit : ~0u };
 
-  const char *p = data;
+  const char* p = data;
   unsigned counter = 0, keyLength = 0;
 
   while(*p) {
@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@ string& string::ureplace(const char *key, const char *token) {
   if(counter == 0) return *this;
   if(Limit) counter = min(counter, Limit);
 
-  char *t = data, *base;
+  char* t = data;
+  char* base;
   unsigned tokenLength = strlen(token);
   if(tokenLength > keyLength) {
     t = base = strdup(data);
     reserve((unsigned)(p - data) + ((tokenLength - keyLength) * counter));
   }
-  char *o = data;
+  char* o = data;
 
   while(*t && counter) {
     if(quotecopy<Quoted>(o, t)) continue;
@@ -41,10 +42,10 @@ string& string::ureplace(const char *key, const char *token) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-template<unsigned Limit> string &string::replace(const char *key, const char *token) { return ureplace<Limit, false, false>(key, token); }
-template<unsigned Limit> string &string::ireplace(const char *key, const char *token) { return ureplace<Limit, true, false>(key, token); }
-template<unsigned Limit> string &string::qreplace(const char *key, const char *token) { return ureplace<Limit, false, true>(key, token); }
-template<unsigned Limit> string &string::iqreplace(const char *key, const char *token) { return ureplace<Limit, true, true>(key, token); }
+template<unsigned Limit> string& string::replace(const char* key, const char* token) { return ureplace<Limit, false, false>(key, token); }
+template<unsigned Limit> string& string::ireplace(const char* key, const char* token) { return ureplace<Limit, true, false>(key, token); }
+template<unsigned Limit> string& string::qreplace(const char* key, const char* token) { return ureplace<Limit, false, true>(key, token); }
+template<unsigned Limit> string& string::iqreplace(const char* key, const char* token) { return ureplace<Limit, true, true>(key, token); }
 
 };
 

higan/nall/string/split.hpp

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> lstring& lstring::usplit(const char *key, const char *base) {
+template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> lstring& lstring::usplit(const char* key, const char* base) {
   reset();
   if(!key || !*key) return *this;
 
-  const char *p = base;
+  const char* p = base;
 
   while(*p) {
     if(Limit) if(size() >= Limit) break;
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> lstring& lstring::usplit
   return *this;
 }
 
-template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::split(const char *key, const char *src) { return usplit<Limit, false, false>(key, src); }
-template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::isplit(const char *key, const char *src) { return usplit<Limit, true, false>(key, src); }
-template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::qsplit(const char *key, const char *src) { return usplit<Limit, false, true>(key, src); }
-template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::iqsplit(const char *key, const char *src) { return usplit<Limit, true, true>(key, src); }
+template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::split(const char* key, const char* src) { return usplit<Limit, false, false>(key, src); }
+template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::isplit(const char* key, const char* src) { return usplit<Limit, true, false>(key, src); }
+template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::qsplit(const char* key, const char* src) { return usplit<Limit, false, true>(key, src); }
+template<unsigned Limit> lstring& lstring::iqsplit(const char* key, const char* src) { return usplit<Limit, true, true>(key, src); }
 
 };
 

higan/nall/string/static.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-string string::read(const string &filename) {
+string string::read(const string& filename) {
   string data;
   data.readfile(filename);
   return data;

higan/nall/string/strm.hpp

@@ -2,13 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-//
-//strmcpy, strmcat created by byuu
-//
-
 //return = strlen(target)
-unsigned strmcpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length) {
-  const char *origin = target;
+unsigned strmcpy(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length) {
+  const char* origin = target;
   if(length) {
     while(*source && --length) *target++ = *source++;
     *target = 0;
@@ -17,25 +13,25 @@ unsigned strmcpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length) {
 }
 
 //return = strlen(target)
-unsigned strmcat(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length) {
-  const char *origin = target;
+unsigned strmcat(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length) {
+  const char* origin = target;
   while(*target && length) target++, length--;
   return (target - origin) + strmcpy(target, source, length);
 }
 
 //return = true when all of source was copied
-bool strccpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length) {
+bool strccpy(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length) {
   return !source[strmcpy(target, source, length)];
 }
 
 //return = true when all of source was copied
-bool strccat(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length) {
+bool strccat(char* target, const char* source, unsigned length) {
   while(*target && length) target++, length--;
   return !source[strmcpy(target, source, length)];
 }
 
 //return = reserved for future use
-void strpcpy(char *&target, const char *source, unsigned &length) {
+void strpcpy(char*& target, const char* source, unsigned& length) {
   unsigned offset = strmcpy(target, source, length);
   target += offset, length -= offset;
 }

higan/nall/string/strpos.hpp

@@ -7,26 +7,26 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 template<bool Insensitive, bool Quoted>
-optional<unsigned> ustrpos(const char *str, const char *key) {
-  const char *base = str;
+optional<unsigned> ustrpos(const char* str, const char* key) {
+  const char* base = str;
 
   while(*str) {
     if(quoteskip<Quoted>(str)) continue;
     for(unsigned n = 0;; n++) {
-      if(key[n] == 0) return { true, (unsigned)(str - base) };
-      if(str[n] == 0) return { false, 0 };
+      if(key[n] == 0) return {true, (unsigned)(str - base)};
+      if(str[n] == 0) return false;
       if(!chrequal<Insensitive>(str[n], key[n])) break;
     }
     str++;
   }
 
-  return { false, 0 };
+  return false;
 }
 
-optional<unsigned> strpos(const char *str, const char *key) { return ustrpos<false, false>(str, key); }
-optional<unsigned> istrpos(const char *str, const char *key) { return ustrpos<true, false>(str, key); }
-optional<unsigned> qstrpos(const char *str, const char *key) { return ustrpos<false, true>(str, key); }
-optional<unsigned> iqstrpos(const char *str, const char *key) { return ustrpos<true, true>(str, key); }
+optional<unsigned> strpos(const char* str, const char* key) { return ustrpos<false, false>(str, key); }
+optional<unsigned> istrpos(const char* str, const char* key) { return ustrpos<true, false>(str, key); }
+optional<unsigned> qstrpos(const char* str, const char* key) { return ustrpos<false, true>(str, key); }
+optional<unsigned> iqstrpos(const char* str, const char* key) { return ustrpos<true, true>(str, key); }
 
 }
 

higan/nall/string/trim.hpp

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 namespace nall {
 
 //limit defaults to zero, which will underflow on first compare; equivalent to no limit
-template<unsigned Limit> char* ltrim(char *str, const char *key) {
+template<unsigned Limit> char* ltrim(char* str, const char* key) {
   unsigned limit = Limit;
   if(!key || !*key) return str;
   while(strbegin(str, key)) {
-    char *dest = str, *src = str + strlen(key);
+    char* dest = str;
+    char* src = str + strlen(key);
     while(true) {
       *dest = *src++;
       if(!*dest) break;
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ template<unsigned Limit> char* ltrim(char *str, const char *key) {
   return str;
 }
 
-template<unsigned Limit> char* rtrim(char *str, const char *key) {
+template<unsigned Limit> char* rtrim(char* str, const char* key) {
   unsigned limit = Limit;
   if(!key || !*key) return str;
   while(strend(str, key)) {
@@ -28,13 +29,13 @@ template<unsigned Limit> char* rtrim(char *str, const char *key) {
   return str;
 }
 
-template<unsigned limit> char* trim(char *str, const char *key, const char *rkey) {
+template<unsigned limit> char* trim(char* str, const char* key, const char* rkey) {
   if(rkey) return ltrim<limit>(rtrim<limit>(str, rkey), key);
   return ltrim<limit>(rtrim<limit>(str, key), key);
 }
 
 //remove whitespace characters from both left and right sides of string
-char* strip(char *s) {
+char* strip(char* s) {
   signed n = 0, p = 0;
   while(s[n]) {
     if(s[n] != ' ' && s[n] != '\t' && s[n] != '\r' && s[n] != '\n') break;

higan/nall/string/utf8.hpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ struct UTF8 {
   unsigned codepoint;  //decoded codepoint
 };
 
-inline UTF8 utf8_read(const char *s) {
+inline UTF8 utf8_read(const char* s) {
   UTF8 utf8;
 
        if((*s & 0xfe) == 0xfc) utf8.size = 6;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ inline UTF8 utf8_read(const char *s) {
   return utf8;
 }
 
-inline void utf8_write(char *s, const UTF8 &utf8) {
+inline void utf8_write(char* s, const UTF8& utf8) {
   for(signed n = utf8.size - 1, shift = 0; n >= 0; n--, shift += 8) {
     s[n] = utf8.data >> shift;
   }

higan/nall/string/utility.hpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ bool chrequal(char x, char y) {
 }
 
 template<bool Quoted, typename T>
-bool quoteskip(T *&p) {
+bool quoteskip(T*& p) {
   if(Quoted == false) return false;
   if(*p != '\'' && *p != '\"') return false;
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ bool quoteskip(T *&p) {
 }
 
 template<bool Quoted, typename T>
-bool quotecopy(char *&t, T *&p) {
+bool quotecopy(char*& t, T*& p) {
   if(Quoted == false) return false;
   if(*p != '\'' && *p != '\"') return false;
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ bool quotecopy(char *&t, T *&p) {
   return true;
 }
 
-string substr(const char *src, unsigned start, unsigned length) {
+string substr(const char* src, unsigned start, unsigned length) {
   string dest;
   if(length == ~0u) {
     //copy entire string
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ string substr(const char *src, unsigned start, unsigned length) {
   return dest;
 }
 
-string sha256(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+string sha256(const uint8_t* data, unsigned size) {
   sha256_ctx sha;
   uint8_t hash[32];
   sha256_init(&sha);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ string sha256(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
 
 /* cast.hpp arithmetic -> string */
 
-char* integer(char *result, intmax_t value) {
+char* integer(char* result, intmax_t value) {
   bool negative = value < 0;
   if(negative) value = -value;
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ char* integer(char *result, intmax_t value) {
   return result;
 }
 
-char* decimal(char *result, uintmax_t value) {
+char* decimal(char* result, uintmax_t value) {
   char buffer[64];
   unsigned size = 0;
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ template<unsigned length_, char padding> string ldecimal(uintmax_t value) {
 //using sprintf is certainly not the most ideal method to convert
 //a double to a string ... but attempting to parse a double by
 //hand, digit-by-digit, results in subtle rounding errors.
-unsigned fp(char *str, long double value) {
+unsigned fp(char* str, long double value) {
   char buffer[256];
   #ifdef _WIN32
   //Windows C-runtime does not support long double via sprintf()
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ unsigned fp(char *str, long double value) {
   #endif
 
   //remove excess 0's in fraction (2.500000 -> 2.5)
-  for(char *p = buffer; *p; p++) {
+  for(char* p = buffer; *p; p++) {
     if(*p == '.') {
-      char *p = buffer + strlen(buffer) - 1;
+      char* p = buffer + strlen(buffer) - 1;
       while(*p == '0') {
         if(*(p - 1) != '.') *p = 0;  //... but not for eg 1.0 -> 1.
         p--;

higan/nall/string/wildcard.hpp

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-bool wildcard(const char *s, const char *p) {
-  const char *cp = nullptr, *mp = nullptr;
+bool wildcard(const char* s, const char* p) {
+  const char* cp = nullptr;
+  const char* mp = nullptr;
   while(*s && *p != '*') {
     if(*p != '?' && *s != *p) return false;
     p++, s++;
@@ -22,8 +23,9 @@ bool wildcard(const char *s, const char *p) {
   return !*p;
 }
 
-bool iwildcard(const char *s, const char *p) {
-  const char *cp = nullptr, *mp = nullptr;
+bool iwildcard(const char* s, const char* p) {
+  const char* cp = nullptr;
+  const char* mp = nullptr;
   while(*s && *p != '*') {
     if(*p != '?' && chrlower(*s) != chrlower(*p)) return false;
     p++, s++;
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ bool iwildcard(const char *s, const char *p) {
   return !*p;
 }
 
-inline bool tokenize(const char *s, const char *p) {
+inline bool tokenize(const char* s, const char* p) {
   while(*s) {
     if(*p == '*') {
       while(*s) if(tokenize(s++, p + 1)) return true;
@@ -54,10 +56,10 @@ inline bool tokenize(const char *s, const char *p) {
   return !*p;
 }
 
-inline bool tokenize(lstring &list, const char *s, const char *p) {
+inline bool tokenize(lstring &list, const char* s, const char* p) {
   while(*s) {
     if(*p == '*') {
-      const char *b = s;
+      const char* b = s;
       while(*s) {
         if(tokenize(list, s++, p + 1)) {
           list.prepend(substr(b, 0, --s - b));