diff --git a/higan/GNUmakefile b/higan/GNUmakefile
index 50843699..92d2b92c 100644
--- a/higan/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/GNUmakefile
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 build := performance
+openmp := true
 include ../nall/GNUmakefile
 
 binary := application
-target := higan
-profile := accurate
+target := bsnes
+profile := fast
 objects := libco emulator audio video resource
 
 flags += -I. -I..
@@ -24,8 +25,6 @@ else ifeq ($(platform),macos)
     link += -dynamiclib
   endif
 else ifneq ($(filter $(platform),linux bsd),)
-  flags += -fopenmp
-  link += -fopenmp
   ifeq ($(binary),application)
     flags += -march=native
     link += -Wl,-export-dynamic
diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 5b4f372d..f0388436 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name    = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "106.32";
+  static const string Version = "106.33";
   static const string Author  = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "https://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.cpp b/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.cpp
index 215ed206..96c67713 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.cpp
@@ -192,8 +192,18 @@ auto DSP::main() -> void {
 }
 
 auto DSP::tick() -> void {
+  #if defined(PROFILE_ACCURATE)
   step(3 * 8);
   synchronize(smp);
+  #endif
+}
+
+auto DSP::sample(int16 left, int16 right) -> void {
+  stream->sample(left / 32768.0, right / 32768.0);
+  #if defined(PROFILE_FAST)
+  step(32 * 3 * 8);
+  synchronize(smp);
+  #endif
 }
 
 /* register interface for S-SMP $00f2,$00f3 */
diff --git a/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.hpp b/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.hpp
index ec3d2350..1c827f14 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.hpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/dsp/dsp.hpp
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ private:
   //dsp.cpp
   static auto Enter() -> void;
   auto tick() -> void;
+  auto sample(int16 left, int16 right) -> void;
 };
 
 extern DSP dsp;
diff --git a/higan/sfc/dsp/echo.cpp b/higan/sfc/dsp/echo.cpp
index 7a1805e0..fb84c0dc 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/dsp/echo.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/dsp/echo.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ auto DSP::echo27() -> void {
   }
 
   //output sample to DAC
-  stream->sample(outl / 32768.0, outr / 32768.0);
+  sample(outl, outr);
 }
 
 auto DSP::echo28() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp
index 25908e63..46bd08c0 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/background.cpp
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderBackground(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void
   bool hires = io.bgMode == 5 || io.bgMode == 6;
   bool offsetPerTileMode = io.bgMode == 2 || io.bgMode == 4 || io.bgMode == 6;
   bool directColorMode = io.col.directColor && source == Source::BG1 && (io.bgMode == 3 || io.bgMode == 4);
-  int width = !hires ? 256 : 512;
+  int width = 256 << hires;
 
-  uint tileHeight = self.tileSize ? 4 : 3;
-  uint tileWidth = hires ? 4 : tileHeight;
+  uint tileHeight = 3 + self.tileSize;
+  uint tileWidth = !hires ? tileHeight : 4;
   uint tileMask = 0x0fff >> self.tileMode;
   uint tiledataIndex = self.tiledataAddress >> 3 + self.tileMode;
 
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderBackground(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void
 
   uint hscroll = self.hoffset;
   uint vscroll = self.voffset;
-  uint hmask = (width << (tileHeight == 4) << self.screenSize.bit(0)) - 1;
-  uint vmask = (width << (tileHeight == 4) << self.screenSize.bit(1)) - 1;
+  uint hmask = (width << self.tileSize << self.screenSize.bit(0)) - 1;
+  uint vmask = (width << self.tileSize << self.screenSize.bit(1)) - 1;
 
-  uint y = this->y;  //todo: vmosaic
+  uint y = this->y - this->y % (1 + io.mosaicSize);
   if(hires) {
     hscroll <<= 1;
-    if(io.interlace) y = y << 1 | ppu.PPUcounter::field();
+    if(io.interlace) y = y << 1 | ppu.field();
   }
 
   uint mosaicCounter = 1;
@@ -43,25 +43,25 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderBackground(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void
     uint hoffset = x + hscroll;
     uint voffset = y + vscroll;
     if(offsetPerTileMode) {
-      uint validBit = source == Source::BG1 ? 0x2000 : source == Source::BG2 ? 0x4000 : 0x0000;
+      uint validBit = 0x2000 << source;
       uint offsetX = x + (hscroll & 7);
       if(offsetX >= 8) {  //first column is exempt
-        uint hvalue = getTile(io.bg3, (offsetX - 8) + (io.bg3.hoffset & ~7), io.bg3.voffset + 0);
+        uint hlookup = getTile(io.bg3, (offsetX - 8) + (io.bg3.hoffset & ~7), io.bg3.voffset + 0);
         if(io.bgMode == 4) {
-          if(hvalue & validBit) {
-            if(!(hvalue & 0x8000)) {
-              hoffset = offsetX + (hvalue & ~7);
+          if(hlookup & validBit) {
+            if(!(hlookup & 0x8000)) {
+              hoffset = offsetX + (hlookup & ~7);
             } else {
-              voffset = y + hvalue;
+              voffset = y + hlookup;
             }
           }
         } else {
-          uint vvalue = getTile(io.bg3, (offsetX - 8) + (io.bg3.hoffset & ~7), io.bg3.voffset + 8);
-          if(hvalue & validBit) {
-            hoffset = offsetX + (hvalue & ~7);
+          uint vlookup = getTile(io.bg3, (offsetX - 8) + (io.bg3.hoffset & ~7), io.bg3.voffset + 8);
+          if(hlookup & validBit) {
+            hoffset = offsetX + (hlookup & ~7);
           }
-          if(vvalue & validBit) {
-            voffset = y + vvalue;
+          if(vlookup & validBit) {
+            voffset = y + vlookup;
           }
         }
       }
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderBackground(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void
     uint mirrorX = tileNumber & 0x4000 ? 7 : 0;
     uint tilePriority = tileNumber & 0x2000 ? self.priority[1] : self.priority[0];
     uint paletteNumber = tileNumber >> 10 & 7;
-    uint paletteIndex = (paletteBase + (paletteNumber << paletteShift)) & 0xff;
+    uint paletteIndex = paletteBase + (paletteNumber << paletteShift) & 0xff;
 
     if(tileWidth  == 4 && (hoffset & 8) - 1 != mirrorX) tileNumber +=  1;
     if(tileHeight == 4 && (voffset & 8) - 1 != mirrorY) tileNumber += 16;
-    tileNumber = ((tileNumber & 0x03ff) + tiledataIndex) & tileMask;
+    tileNumber = (tileNumber & 0x03ff) + tiledataIndex & tileMask;
 
     auto tiledata = ppu.tilecache[self.tileMode] + (tileNumber << 6);
     tiledata += ((voffset & 7) ^ mirrorY) << 3;
@@ -114,18 +114,15 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderBackground(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void
 
 auto PPU::Line::getTile(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint hoffset, uint voffset) -> uint {
   bool hires = io.bgMode == 5 || io.bgMode == 6;
-  uint width = !hires ? 256 : 512;
-  uint tileHeight = self.tileSize ? 4 : 3;
-  uint tileWidth = hires ? 4 : tileHeight;
-  uint hmask = (width << (tileHeight == 4) << self.screenSize.bit(0)) - 1;
-  uint vmask = (width << (tileHeight == 4) << self.screenSize.bit(1)) - 1;
+  uint tileHeight = 3 + self.tileSize;
+  uint tileWidth = !hires ? tileHeight : 4;
   uint screenX = self.screenSize.bit(0) ? 32 << 5 : 0;
-  uint screenY = self.screenSize.bit(1) ? screenX + (32 << 5) : 0;
-  uint tileX = (hoffset & hmask) >> tileWidth;
-  uint tileY = (voffset & vmask) >> tileHeight;
-  uint tilePosition = (tileY & 0x1f) << 5 | (tileX & 0x1f);
-  if(tileX & 0x20) tilePosition += screenX;
-  if(tileY & 0x20) tilePosition += screenY;
-  uint15 tiledataAddress = self.screenAddress + tilePosition;
-  return ppu.vram[tiledataAddress];
+  uint screenY = self.screenSize.bit(1) ? 32 << 5 + self.screenSize.bit(0) : 0;
+  uint tileX = hoffset >> tileWidth;
+  uint tileY = voffset >> tileHeight;
+  uint offset = (tileY & 0x1f) << 5 | (tileX & 0x1f);
+  if(tileX & 0x20) offset += screenX;
+  if(tileY & 0x20) offset += screenY;
+  uint15 address = self.screenAddress + offset;
+  return ppu.vram[address];
 }
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/line.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/line.cpp
index 028923cc..33a6af81 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/line.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/line.cpp
@@ -16,27 +16,26 @@ auto PPU::Line::render() -> void {
   renderBackground(io.bg4, Source::BG4);
   renderObject(io.obj);
 
+  auto output = !ppu.interlace() || !ppu.field() ? outputLo : outputHi;
+  auto width = !ppu.hires() ? 256 : 512;
+  auto luma = io.displayBrightness << 15;
+
   if(io.displayDisable) {
-    for(uint x : range(512)) {
-      outputLo[x] = 0;
-      outputHi[x] = 0;
-    }
+    for(uint x : range(width)) output[x] = 0;
     return;
   }
 
   renderWindow(io.col.window, io.col.window.aboveMask, windowAbove);
   renderWindow(io.col.window, io.col.window.belowMask, windowBelow);
 
-  if(!hires) for(uint x : range(256)) {
-    outputLo[x << 1 | 0] =
-    outputHi[x << 1 | 0] =
-    outputLo[x << 1 | 1] =
-    outputHi[x << 1 | 1] = io.displayBrightness << 15 | pixel(x, above[x], below[x]);
+  if(width == 256) for(uint x : range(width)) {
+    output[x] = luma | pixel(x, above[x], below[x]);
+  } else if(!hires) for(uint x : range(256)) {
+    output[x << 1 | 0] =
+    output[x << 1 | 1] = luma | pixel(x, above[x], below[x]);
   } else for(uint x : range(256)) {
-    outputLo[x << 1 | 0] =
-    outputHi[x << 1 | 0] = io.displayBrightness << 15 | pixel(x, below[x], above[x]);
-    outputLo[x << 1 | 1] =
-    outputHi[x << 1 | 1] = io.displayBrightness << 15 | pixel(x, above[x], below[x]);
+    output[x << 1 | 0] = luma | pixel(x, below[x], above[x]);
+    output[x << 1 | 1] = luma | pixel(x, above[x], below[x]);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp
index 38bc5b3a..06c7c6bd 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/mode7.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 auto PPU::Line::renderMode7(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void {
-  int y = !io.mode7.vflip ? (int)this->y : 255 - y;
+  int Y = this->y - this->y % (1 + io.mosaicSize);
+  int y = !io.mode7.vflip ? Y : 255 - Y;
+
   int a = (int16)io.mode7.a;
   int b = (int16)io.mode7.b;
   int c = (int16)io.mode7.c;
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderMode7(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void {
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.aboveEnable, windowAbove);
   renderWindow(self.window, self.window.belowEnable, windowBelow);
 
-  for(int x : range(256)) {
+  for(int X : range(256)) {
+    int x = !io.mode7.hflip ? X : 255 - X;
     int pixelX = originX + a * x >> 8;
     int pixelY = originY + c * x >> 8;
     int tileX = pixelX >> 3 & 127;
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderMode7(PPU::IO::Background& self, uint source) -> void {
       if(io.col.directColor) {
         mosaicColor = directColor(0, palette);
       } else {
-        mosaicColor = ppu.cgram[palette];
+        mosaicColor = cgram[palette];
       }
     }
     if(!mosaicPalette) continue;
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp
index 1061292d..a27547e7 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/object.cpp
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderObject(PPU::IO::Object& self) -> void {
     }
   }
 
-  self.rangeOver |= itemCount > 32;
-  self.timeOver  |= tileCount > 34;
+  ppu.io.obj.rangeOver |= itemCount > 32;
+  ppu.io.obj.timeOver  |= tileCount > 34;
 
   for(uint n : range(34)) {
     const auto& tile = tiles[n];
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ auto PPU::Line::renderObject(PPU::IO::Object& self) -> void {
         if(uint color = tiledata[x ^ mirrorX]) {
           uint source = tile.palette < 192 ? Source::OBJ1 : Source::OBJ2;
           uint priority = self.priority[tile.priority];
-          color = ppu.cgram[tile.palette + color];
+          color = cgram[tile.palette + color];
           if(self.aboveEnable && !windowAbove[x]) plotAbove(tileX, source, priority, color);
           if(self.belowEnable && !windowBelow[x]) plotBelow(tileX, source, priority, color);
         }
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp
index 0f9b66fb..84b4e29c 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,15 @@ auto PPU::main() -> void {
 
 auto PPU::scanline() -> void {
   if(vcounter() == 0) {
-    frame();
+    frame.interlace = io.interlace;
+    frame.overscan = io.overscan;
+    frame.hires = false;
+    io.obj.timeOver = false;
+    io.obj.rangeOver = false;
+  }
+
+  if(vcounter() > 0 && vcounter() < vdisp()) {
+    frame.hires |= io.pseudoHires || io.bgMode == 5 || io.bgMode == 6;
   }
 
   if(vcounter() == vdisp() && !io.displayDisable) {
@@ -80,17 +88,12 @@ auto PPU::scanline() -> void {
   }
 }
 
-auto PPU::frame() -> void {
-  io.obj.timeOver = false;
-  io.obj.rangeOver = false;
-}
-
 auto PPU::refresh() -> void {
   auto output = this->output;
   if(!overscan()) output -= 14 * 512;
-  auto pitch = 512;
-  auto width = 512;
-  auto height = 480;
+  auto pitch  = 512 << !interlace();
+  auto width  = 256 << hires();
+  auto height = 240 << interlace();
   Emulator::video.refresh(output, pitch * sizeof(uint32), width, height);
 }
 
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp
index bfe1c99c..bef8fa2c 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu-fast/ppu.hpp
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 //limitations:
 //* mid-scanline effects not support
 //* mid-frame OAM changes not supported
+//* range-time over flags not reported in real-time
 
 struct PPU : Thread, PPUcounter {
-  alwaysinline auto interlace() const -> bool { return false; }
-  alwaysinline auto overscan() const -> bool { return false; }
+  alwaysinline auto interlace() const -> bool { return frame.interlace; }
+  alwaysinline auto overscan() const -> bool { return frame.overscan; }
+  alwaysinline auto hires() const -> bool { return frame.hires; }
   alwaysinline auto vdisp() const -> uint { return !io.overscan ? 225 : 240; }
 
   //ppu.cpp
@@ -17,7 +19,6 @@ struct PPU : Thread, PPUcounter {
   alwaysinline auto step(uint clocks) -> void;
   auto main() -> void;
   auto scanline() -> void;
-  auto frame() -> void;
   auto refresh() -> void;
   auto load(Markup::Node) -> bool;
   auto power(bool reset) -> void;
@@ -171,6 +172,12 @@ public:
     } col;
   } io;
 
+  struct Frame {
+    uint1 interlace;
+    uint1 overscan;
+    uint1 hires;
+  } frame;
+
   //object.cpp
   auto oamAddressReset() -> void;
   auto oamSetFirstObject() -> void;
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu/background.cpp b/higan/sfc/ppu/background.cpp
index 246541f5..40893bf1 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu/background.cpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu/background.cpp
@@ -52,23 +52,18 @@ auto PPU::Background::begin() -> void {
 }
 
 auto PPU::Background::getTile() -> void {
-  uint colorDepth = io.mode == Mode::BPP2 ? 0 : io.mode == Mode::BPP4 ? 1 : 2;
   uint paletteOffset = ppu.io.bgMode == 0 ? id << 5 : 0;
-  uint paletteSize = 2 << colorDepth;
-  uint tileMask = ppu.vram.mask >> 3 + colorDepth;
-  uint tiledataIndex = io.tiledataAddress >> 3 + colorDepth;
+  uint paletteSize = 2 << io.mode;
+  uint tileMask = ppu.vram.mask >> 3 + io.mode;
+  uint tiledataIndex = io.tiledataAddress >> 3 + io.mode;
 
-  uint tileHeight = io.tileSize == TileSize::Size8x8 ? 3 : 4;
+  uint tileHeight = 3 + io.tileSize;
   uint tileWidth = !hires() ? tileHeight : 4;
 
   uint width = 256 << hires();
 
-  uint hmask = tileHeight == 3 ? width : width << 1;
-  uint vmask = hmask;
-  if(io.screenSize & 1) hmask <<= 1;
-  if(io.screenSize & 2) vmask <<= 1;
-  hmask--;
-  vmask--;
+  uint hmask = (width << io.tileSize << io.screenSize.bit(0)) - 1;
+  uint vmask = (width << io.tileSize << io.screenSize.bit(1)) - 1;
 
   uint px = x << hires();
   uint py = mosaic.enable ? (uint)mosaic.voffset : y;
@@ -87,21 +82,21 @@ auto PPU::Background::getTile() -> void {
     uint16 offsetX = px + (hscroll & 7);
 
     if(offsetX >= 8) {
-      uint hval = ppu.bg3.getTile((offsetX - 8) + (ppu.bg3.hoffset() & ~7), ppu.bg3.voffset() + 0);
-      uint vval = ppu.bg3.getTile((offsetX - 8) + (ppu.bg3.hoffset() & ~7), ppu.bg3.voffset() + 8);
-      uint validMask = id == ID::BG1 ? 0x2000 : 0x4000;
+      auto hlookup = ppu.bg3.getTile((offsetX - 8) + (ppu.bg3.hoffset() & ~7), ppu.bg3.voffset() + 0);
+      auto vlookup = ppu.bg3.getTile((offsetX - 8) + (ppu.bg3.hoffset() & ~7), ppu.bg3.voffset() + 8);
+      uint valid = 13 + id;
 
       if(ppu.io.bgMode == 4) {
-        if(hval & validMask) {
-          if((hval & 0x8000) == 0) {
-            hoffset = offsetX + (hval & ~7);
+        if(hlookup.bit(valid)) {
+          if(!hlookup.bit(15)) {
+            hoffset = offsetX + (hlookup & ~7);
           } else {
-            voffset = py + hval;
+            voffset = py + hlookup;
           }
         }
       } else {
-        if(hval & validMask) hoffset = offsetX + (hval & ~7);
-        if(vval & validMask) voffset = py + vval;
+        if(hlookup.bit(valid)) hoffset = offsetX + (hlookup & ~7);
+        if(vlookup.bit(valid)) voffset = py + vlookup;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -109,16 +104,15 @@ auto PPU::Background::getTile() -> void {
   hoffset &= hmask;
   voffset &= vmask;
 
-  uint screenX = io.screenSize & 1 ? 32 << 5 : 0;
-  uint screenY = io.screenSize & 2 ? 32 << 5 : 0;
-  if(io.screenSize == 3) screenY <<= 1;
+  uint screenX = io.screenSize.bit(0) ? 32 << 5 : 0;
+  uint screenY = io.screenSize.bit(1) ? 32 << 5 + io.screenSize.bit(0) : 0;
 
-  uint tx = hoffset >> tileWidth;
-  uint ty = voffset >> tileHeight;
+  uint tileX = hoffset >> tileWidth;
+  uint tileY = voffset >> tileHeight;
 
-  uint16 offset = (ty & 0x1f) << 5 | (tx & 0x1f);
-  if(tx & 0x20) offset += screenX;
-  if(ty & 0x20) offset += screenY;
+  uint16 offset = (tileY & 0x1f) << 5 | (tileX & 0x1f);
+  if(tileX & 0x20) offset += screenX;
+  if(tileY & 0x20) offset += screenY;
 
   uint16 address = io.screenAddress + offset;
   tile = ppu.vram[address];
@@ -133,7 +127,7 @@ auto PPU::Background::getTile() -> void {
   uint16 character = tile.bits(0,9) + tiledataIndex & tileMask;
 
   if(mirrorY) voffset ^= 7;
-  offset = (character << 3 + colorDepth) + (voffset & 7);
+  offset = (character << 3 + io.mode) + (voffset & 7);
 
   switch(io.mode) {
   case Mode::BPP8:
@@ -243,28 +237,16 @@ auto PPU::Background::power() -> void {
   for(auto& word : data) word = 0;
 }
 
-auto PPU::Background::getTile(uint x, uint y) -> uint {
-  uint tileHeight = io.tileSize == TileSize::Size8x8 ? 3 : 4;
+auto PPU::Background::getTile(uint x, uint y) -> uint16 {
+  uint tileHeight = 3 + io.tileSize;
   uint tileWidth = !hires() ? tileHeight : 4;
-  uint width = !hires() ? 256 : 512;
-  uint maskX = tileHeight == 3 ? width : width << 1;
-  uint maskY = maskX;
-  if(io.screenSize & 1) maskX <<= 1;
-  if(io.screenSize & 2) maskY <<= 1;
-  maskX--;
-  maskY--;
-
-  uint screenX = io.screenSize & 1 ? 32 << 5 : 0;
-  uint screenY = io.screenSize & 2 ? 32 << 5 : 0;
-  if(io.screenSize == 3) screenY <<= 1;
-
-  x = (x & maskX) >> tileWidth;
-  y = (y & maskY) >> tileHeight;
-
-  uint16 offset = (y & 0x1f) << 5 | (x & 0x1f);
-  if(x & 0x20) offset += screenX;
-  if(y & 0x20) offset += screenY;
-
+  uint screenX = io.screenSize.bit(0) ? 32 << 5 : 0;
+  uint screenY = io.screenSize.bit(1) ? 32 << 5 + io.screenSize.bit(0) : 0;
+  uint tileX = x >> tileWidth;
+  uint tileY = y >> tileHeight;
+  uint16 offset = (tileY & 0x1f) << 5 | (tileX & 0x1f);
+  if(tileX & 0x20) offset += screenX;
+  if(tileY & 0x20) offset += screenY;
   uint16 address = io.screenAddress + offset;
   return ppu.vram[address];
 }
diff --git a/higan/sfc/ppu/background.hpp b/higan/sfc/ppu/background.hpp
index 2a3acb3d..a6e59f58 100644
--- a/higan/sfc/ppu/background.hpp
+++ b/higan/sfc/ppu/background.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ struct Background {
 
   auto getTile() -> void;
   auto getTileColor() -> uint;
-  auto getTile(uint x, uint y) -> uint;
+  auto getTile(uint x, uint y) -> uint16;
   alwaysinline auto clip(int n) -> int;
   auto beginMode7() -> void;
   auto runMode7() -> void;
diff --git a/hiro/GNUmakefile b/hiro/GNUmakefile
index 7cd861d2..14fa55e2 100644
--- a/hiro/GNUmakefile
+++ b/hiro/GNUmakefile
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 
   ifeq ($(hiro),cocoa)
     hiroflags = $(objcppflags) $(flags) -w -DHIRO_COCOA
-    hirolink = -framework Cocoa -framework Carbon
+    hirolink = -framework Cocoa -framework Carbon -framework Security
   endif
 endif
 
diff --git a/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp b/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp
index 93fd41e8..7ff104cc 100644
--- a/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp
+++ b/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
     [item setTarget:self];
     [rootMenu addItem:item];
 
-    string result = nall::execute("defaults", "read", "/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security", "GKAutoRearm").output.strip();
-    if(result != "0") {
-      disableGatekeeperAutoRearm = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Disable Gatekeeper Auto-Rearm" action:@selector(menuDisableGatekeeperAutoRearm) keyEquivalent:@""] autorelease];
-      [disableGatekeeperAutoRearm setTarget:self];
-      [rootMenu addItem:disableGatekeeperAutoRearm];
+    string result = nall::execute("spctl", "--status").output.strip();
+    if(result != "assessments disabled") {
+      disableGatekeeper = [[[NSMenuItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Disable Gatekeeper" action:@selector(menuDisableGatekeeper) keyEquivalent:@""] autorelease];
+      [disableGatekeeper setTarget:self];
+      [rootMenu addItem:disableGatekeeper];
     }
 
     [rootMenu addItem:[NSMenuItem separatorItem]];
@@ -139,18 +139,44 @@
   hiro::Application::Cocoa::doPreferences();
 }
 
--(void) menuDisableGatekeeperAutoRearm {
+//to hell with gatekeepers
+-(void) menuDisableGatekeeper {
   NSAlert* alert = [[[NSAlert alloc] init] autorelease];
-  [alert setMessageText:@"Disable Gatekeeper Auto-Rearm"];
+  [alert setMessageText:@"Disable Gatekeeper"];
 
-  nall::execute("sudo", "defaults", "write", "/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security", "GKAutoRearm", "-bool", "NO");
-  if(nall::execute("defaults", "read", "/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security", "GKAutoRearm").output.strip() == "0") {
+  AuthorizationRef authorization;
+  OSStatus status = AuthorizationCreate(nullptr, kAuthorizationEmptyEnvironment, kAuthorizationFlagDefaults, &authorization);
+  if(status == errAuthorizationSuccess) {
+    AuthorizationItem items = {kAuthorizationRightExecute, 0, nullptr, 0};
+    AuthorizationRights rights = {1, &items};
+    status = AuthorizationCopyRights(authorization, &rights, nullptr,
+      kAuthorizationFlagDefaults
+    | kAuthorizationFlagInteractionAllowed
+    | kAuthorizationFlagPreAuthorize
+    | kAuthorizationFlagExtendRights, nullptr);
+    if(status == errAuthorizationSuccess) {
+      { char program[] = "/usr/sbin/spctl";
+        char arguments[] = {"--master-disable", nullptr};
+        FILE* pipe = nullptr;
+        AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges(authorization, program, kAuthorizationFlagDefaults, arguments, &pipe);
+      }
+      { char program[] = "/usr/bin/defaults";
+        char arguments[] = {"write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.security GKAutoRearm -bool NO"};
+        FILE* pipe = nullptr;
+        AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges(authorization, program, kAuthorizationFlagDefaults, arguments, &pipe);
+      }
+    }
+    AuthorizationFree(authorization, kAuthorizationFlagDefaults);
+  }
+
+  string result = nall::execute("spctl", "--status").output.strip();
+  if(result == "assessments disabled") {
     [alert setAlertStyle:NSInformationalAlertStyle];
-    [alert setInformativeText:@"Gatekeeper's automatic 30-day rearm behavior has been disabled successfully."];
-    [disableGatekeeperAutoRearm setHidden:YES];
+    [alert setInformativeText:@"Gatekeeper has been successfully disabled."];
+    [disableGatekeeper setHidden:YES];
   } else {
     [alert setAlertStyle:NSWarningAlertStyle];
-    [alert setInformativeText:@"Error: failed to disable Gatekeeper's automatic rearm behavior."];
+    [alert setInformativeText:@"Error: failed to disable Gatekeeper."];
   }
 
   [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"Ok"];
diff --git a/nall/GNUmakefile b/nall/GNUmakefile
index 4f9c9c3e..db9ffc9d 100644
--- a/nall/GNUmakefile
+++ b/nall/GNUmakefile
@@ -12,34 +12,31 @@ MAKEFLAGS := Rr
 
 # platform detection
 ifeq ($(platform),)
-  uname := $(shell uname -s)
+  uname := $(shell uname)
   ifeq ($(uname),)
     platform := windows
-    rm = del /q $(subst /,\,$1)
-    rmdir = del /s /q $(subst /,\,$1) && if exist $(subst /,\,$1) (rmdir /s /q $(subst /,\,$1))
   else ifneq ($(findstring Windows,$(uname)),)
     platform := windows
-    rm = del /q $(subst /,\,$1)
-    rmdir = del /s /q $(subst /,\,$1) && if exist $(subst /,\,$1) (rmdir /s /q $(subst /,\,$1))
-  else ifneq ($(findstring _NT,$(uname)),)
+  else ifneq ($(findstring NT,$(uname)),)
     platform := windows
-    rm = del /q $(subst /,\,$1)
-    rmdir = del /s /q $(subst /,\,$1) && if exist $(subst /,\,$1) (rmdir /s /q $(subst /,\,$1))
   else ifneq ($(findstring Darwin,$(uname)),)
     platform := macos
-    rm = rm -f $1
-    rmdir = rm -rf $1
   else ifneq ($(findstring Linux,$(uname)),)
     platform := linux
-    rm = rm -f $1
-    rmdir = rm -rf $1
   else ifneq ($(findstring BSD,$(uname)),)
     platform := bsd
-    rm = rm -f $1
-    rmdir = rm -rf $1
   else
     $(error unknown platform, please specify manually.)
   endif
+
+  # common commands
+  ifeq ($(uname),)
+    rm = del /q $(subst /,\,$1)
+    rmdir = del /s /q $(subst /,\,$1) && if exist $(subst /,\,$1) (rmdir /s /q $(subst /,\,$1))
+  else
+    rm = rm -f $1
+    rmdir = rm -rf $1
+  endif
 endif
 
 cflags := -x c -std=c11
@@ -78,6 +75,15 @@ else ifeq ($(build),performance)
   flags += -O3 -DBUILD_PERFORMANCE
 endif
 
+# openmp support
+ifeq ($(openmp),true)
+  # macOS Xcode does not ship with OpenMP support
+  ifneq ($(platform),macos)
+    flags += -fopenmp
+    link += -fopenmp
+  endif
+endif
+
 # clang settings
 ifeq ($(findstring clang++,$(compiler)),clang++)
   flags += -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv