diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 170bae41..43a98c1d 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name    = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "106.26";
+  static const string Version = "106.27";
   static const string Author  = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "https://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/bsnes.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/bsnes.cpp
index 13278d93..70f4c60f 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/bsnes.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/bsnes.cpp
@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@ auto locate(string name) -> string {
   string location = {Path::program(), name};
   if(inode::exists(location)) return location;
 
-  location = {Path::config(), "bsnes/", name};
-  if(inode::exists(location)) return location;
-
-  directory::create({Path::local(), "bsnes/"});
-  return {Path::local(), "bsnes/", name};
+  directory::create({Path::userData(), "bsnes/"});
+  return {Path::userData(), "bsnes/", name};
 }
 
 #include <nall/main.hpp>
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp
index 858a2789..8084359f 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
   inputSettings.setText("Input ...").onActivate([&] { settingsWindow->show(0); });
   hotkeySettings.setText("Hotkeys ...").onActivate([&] { settingsWindow->show(1); });
   pathSettings.setText("Paths ...").onActivate([&] { settingsWindow->show(2); });
+  advancedSettings.setText("Advanced ...").onActivate([&] { settingsWindow->show(3); });
 
   toolsMenu.setText("Tools");
   saveState.setText("Save State").setEnabled(false);
@@ -122,10 +123,6 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
     aboutWindow->setCentered(*this).setVisible().setFocused();
   });
 
-  image icon{Resource::Icon};
-  icon.alphaBlend(0xff000000);
-  canvas.setIcon(icon).setVisible(false);
-
   viewport.setDroppable().onDrop([&](auto locations) {
     program->gameQueue = locations;
     program->load();
@@ -149,10 +146,10 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
   setCentered();
 
   #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
-  Application::Windows::onModalChange([](bool modal) {
+  Application::Windows::onModalChange([&](bool modal) {
     if(modal && audio) audio->clear();
   });
-  Application::Windows::onScreenSaver([]() -> bool {
+  Application::Windows::onScreenSaver([&]() -> bool {
     if(emulator->loaded()) {
       if(pauseEmulation.checked()) return true;
       if(!program->focused() && settingsWindow->input.pauseEmulation.checked()) return true;
@@ -170,24 +167,27 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
   #endif
 }
 
-auto Presentation::showIcon() -> void {
-  Application::processEvents();
-  int width = geometry().width();
-  int height = geometry().height();
-  int x = width  - 144;
-  int y = height - 128;
-  if(x >= 0 && y >= 0) {
-    canvas.setVisible(true).setGeometry({x, y, 128, 128});
-  } else {
-    canvas.setVisible(false);
+auto Presentation::drawIcon(uint32_t* output, uint length, uint width, uint height) -> void {
+  int ox = width  - 144;
+  int oy = height - 128;
+  if(ox >= 0 && oy >= 0) {
+    image icon{Resource::Icon};
+    icon.alphaBlend(0xff000000);
+    for(uint y : range(128)) {
+      auto target = output + (y + oy) * (length >> 2) + ox;
+      auto source = (uint32_t*)icon.data() + y * 128;
+      memory::copy(target, source, 128 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    }
   }
-  viewport.setGeometry({0, 0, 1, 1});
 }
 
 auto Presentation::clearViewport() -> void {
-  if(!emulator->loaded()) showIcon();
   if(!video) return;
 
+  if(!emulator->loaded()) {
+    viewport.setGeometry({0, 0, geometry().width(), geometry().height()});
+  }
+
   uint32_t* output;
   uint length;
   uint width = viewport.geometry().width();
@@ -197,17 +197,21 @@ auto Presentation::clearViewport() -> void {
       auto line = output + y * (length >> 2);
       for(uint x : range(width)) *line++ = 0xff000000;
     }
+    if(!emulator->loaded()) drawIcon(output, length, width, height);
     video->unlock();
     video->output();
   }
 }
 
 auto Presentation::resizeViewport() -> void {
-  if(emulator->loaded()) canvas.setVisible(false);
-
   uint windowWidth = geometry().width();
   uint windowHeight = geometry().height();
 
+  if(!emulator->loaded()) {
+    viewport.setGeometry({0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight});
+    return clearViewport();
+  }
+
   double width = 224 * (settings["View/AspectCorrection"].boolean() ? 8.0 / 7.0 : 1.0);
   double height = (settings["View/OverscanCropping"].boolean() ? 224.0 : 240.0);
 
@@ -265,6 +269,9 @@ auto Presentation::toggleFullscreenMode() -> void {
     menuBar.setVisible(true);
     statusBar.setVisible(settings["UserInterface/ShowStatusBar"].boolean());
   }
+  //hack: give window geometry time to update after toggling fullscreen and menu/status bars
+  usleep(20 * 1000);
+  Application::processEvents();
   resizeViewport();
 }
 
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp
index 73055bed..8c3c1349 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct AboutWindow : Window {
 
 struct Presentation : Window {
   Presentation();
-  auto showIcon() -> void;
+  auto drawIcon(uint32_t* output, uint length, uint width, uint height) -> void;
   auto clearViewport() -> void;
   auto resizeViewport() -> void;
   auto resizeWindow() -> void;
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ struct Presentation : Window {
       MenuItem inputSettings{&settingsMenu};
       MenuItem hotkeySettings{&settingsMenu};
       MenuItem pathSettings{&settingsMenu};
+      MenuItem advancedSettings{&settingsMenu};
     Menu toolsMenu{&menuBar};
       Menu saveState{&toolsMenu};
         MenuItem saveState1{&saveState};
@@ -67,7 +68,6 @@ struct Presentation : Window {
       MenuItem about{&helpMenu};
 
   FixedLayout layout{this};
-    Canvas canvas{&layout, Geometry{0, 0, 1, 1}};
     Viewport viewport{&layout, Geometry{0, 0, 1, 1}};
 
   StatusBar statusBar{this};
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
index f61e0093..d3d66953 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ Program::Program(string_vector arguments) {
   presentation->setVisible();
 
   if(settings["Crashed"].boolean()) {
-    MessageDialog().setText("Driver crash detected. Hardware drivers have been disabled.").information();
+    MessageDialog(
+      "Driver crash detected. Hardware drivers have been disabled.\n"
+      "Please reconfigure drivers in the advanced settings panel."
+    ).setParent(*presentation).information();
     settings["Video/Driver"].setValue("None");
     settings["Audio/Driver"].setValue("None");
     settings["Input/Driver"].setValue("None");
@@ -24,8 +27,29 @@ Program::Program(string_vector arguments) {
   settings.save();
 
   initializeVideoDriver();
+  if(!video->ready()) {
+    MessageDialog({
+      "Error: failed to initialize ", settings["Video/Driver"].text(), " video driver."
+    }).setParent(*presentation).error();
+    settings["Video/Driver"].setValue("None");
+    initializeVideoDriver();
+  }
   initializeAudioDriver();
+  if(!audio->ready()) {
+    MessageDialog({
+      "Error: failed to initialize ", settings["Audio/Driver"].text(), " audio driver."
+    }).setParent(*presentation).error();
+    settings["Audio/Driver"].setValue("None");
+    initializeAudioDriver();
+  }
   initializeInputDriver();
+  if(!input->ready()) {
+    MessageDialog({
+      "Error: failed to initialize ", settings["Input/Driver"].text(), " input driver."
+    }).setParent(*presentation).error();
+    settings["Input/Driver"].setValue("None");
+    initializeInputDriver();
+  }
 
   settings["Crashed"].setValue(false);
   settings.save();
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp
index 18ae6e9c..6e02873e 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ auto Program::initializeVideoDriver() -> void {
   video->setContext(presentation->viewport.handle());
   video->setExclusive(false);
   video->setBlocking(settings["Video/Blocking"].boolean());
-  if(!video->ready()) {
-    MessageDialog().setText("Failed to initialize video driver").warning();
-    video = Video::create("None");
+
+  if(video->ready()) {
+    presentation->clearViewport();
+    updateVideoShader();
   }
-  presentation->clearViewport();
-  updateVideoShader();
 }
 
 auto Program::initializeAudioDriver() -> void {
@@ -29,19 +28,11 @@ auto Program::initializeAudioDriver() -> void {
   }
   audio->setLatency(settings["Audio/Latency"].natural());
   audio->setChannels(2);
-  if(!audio->ready()) {
-    MessageDialog().setText("Failed to initialize audio driver").warning();
-    audio = Audio::create("None");
-  }
 }
 
 auto Program::initializeInputDriver() -> void {
   input = Input::create(settings["Input/Driver"].text());
   input->setContext(presentation->viewport.handle());
-  if(!input->ready()) {
-    MessageDialog().setText("Failed to initialize input driver").warning();
-    input = Input::create("None");
-  }
 }
 
 auto Program::updateVideoShader() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/advanced.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/advanced.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b4841ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/advanced.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+AdvancedSettings::AdvancedSettings(TabFrame* parent) : TabFrameItem(parent) {
+  setIcon(Icon::Action::Settings);
+  setText("Advanced");
+
+  layout.setMargin(5);
+
+  videoDriverLabel.setText("Video Driver:");
+  for(auto& driver : Video::availableDrivers()) {
+    ComboButtonItem item;
+    item.setText(driver);
+    videoDriverOption.append(item);
+    if(video->driver() == driver) item.setSelected();
+  }
+  videoDriverOption.onChange([&] {
+    auto item = videoDriverOption.selected();
+    videoDriverChange.setEnabled(video->driver() != item.text());
+  });
+  videoDriverChange.setText("Change").setEnabled(false).onActivate([&] {
+    auto item = videoDriverOption.selected();
+    settings["Video/Driver"].setValue(item.text());
+    if(!emulator->loaded() || item.text() == "None" || MessageDialog(
+      "Warning: incompatible drivers may cause bsnes to crash.\n"
+      "It is highly recommended you unload your game first to avoid data loss.\n"
+      "Do you wish to proceed with the video driver change now anyway?"
+    ).setParent(*settingsWindow).question() == "Yes") {
+      settings["Crashed"].setValue(true);
+      settings.save();
+      program->initializeVideoDriver();
+      if(!video->ready()) {
+        MessageDialog({
+          "Error: failed to initialize ", item.text(), " video driver."
+        }).setParent(*settingsWindow).error();
+        settings["Video/Driver"].setValue("None");
+        program->initializeVideoDriver();
+        for(auto item : videoDriverOption.items()) {
+          if(video->driver() == item.text()) item.setSelected();
+        }
+      }
+      settings["Crashed"].setValue(false);
+      settings.save();
+      videoDriverChange.setEnabled(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  audioDriverLabel.setText("Audio Driver:");
+  for(auto& driver : Audio::availableDrivers()) {
+    ComboButtonItem item;
+    item.setText(driver);
+    audioDriverOption.append(item);
+    if(audio->driver() == driver) item.setSelected();
+  }
+  audioDriverOption.onChange([&] {
+    auto item = audioDriverOption.selected();
+    audioDriverChange.setEnabled(audio->driver() != item.text());
+  });
+  audioDriverChange.setText("Change").setEnabled(false).onActivate([&] {
+    auto item = audioDriverOption.selected();
+    settings["Audio/Driver"].setValue(item.text());
+    if(!emulator->loaded() || item.text() == "None" || MessageDialog(
+      "Warning: incompatible drivers may cause bsnes to crash.\n"
+      "It is highly recommended you unload your game first to avoid data loss.\n"
+      "Do you wish to proceed with the audio driver change now anyway?"
+    ).setParent(*settingsWindow).question() == "Yes") {
+      settings["Crashed"].setValue(true);
+      settings.save();
+      program->initializeAudioDriver();
+      if(!audio->ready()) {
+        MessageDialog({
+          "Error: failed to initialize ", item.text(), " audio driver."
+        }).setParent(*settingsWindow).error();
+        settings["Audio/Driver"].setValue("None");
+        program->initializeAudioDriver();
+        for(auto item : audioDriverOption.items()) {
+          if(audio->driver() == item.text()) item.setSelected();
+        }
+      }
+      settings["Crashed"].setValue(false);
+      settings.save();
+      audioDriverChange.setEnabled(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  inputDriverLabel.setText("Input Driver:");
+  for(auto& driver : Input::availableDrivers()) {
+    ComboButtonItem item;
+    item.setText(driver);
+    inputDriverOption.append(item);
+    if(input->driver() == driver) item.setSelected();
+  }
+  inputDriverOption.onChange([&] {
+    auto item = inputDriverOption.selected();
+    inputDriverChange.setEnabled(input->driver() != item.text());
+  });
+  inputDriverChange.setText("Change").setEnabled(false).onActivate([&] {
+    auto item = inputDriverOption.selected();
+    settings["Input/Driver"].setValue(item.text());
+    if(!emulator->loaded() || item.text() == "None" || MessageDialog(
+      "Warning: incompatible drivers may cause bsnes to crash.\n"
+      "It is highly recommended you unload your game first to avoid data loss.\n"
+      "Do you wish to proceed with the input driver change now anyway?"
+    ).setParent(*settingsWindow).question() == "Yes") {
+      settings["Crashed"].setValue(true);
+      settings.save();
+      program->initializeInputDriver();
+      if(!input->ready()) {
+        MessageDialog({
+          "Error: failed to initialize ", item.text(), " input driver."
+        }).setParent(*settingsWindow).error();
+        settings["Input/Driver"].setValue("None");
+        program->initializeInputDriver();
+        for(auto item : inputDriverOption.items()) {
+          if(input->driver() == item.text()) item.setSelected();
+        }
+      }
+      settings["Crashed"].setValue(false);
+      settings.save();
+      inputDriverChange.setEnabled(false);
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp
index 477c655d..a50cd08b 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "input.cpp"
 #include "hotkeys.cpp"
 #include "paths.cpp"
+#include "advanced.cpp"
 Settings settings;
 unique_pointer<SettingsWindow> settingsWindow;
 
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.hpp b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.hpp
index 3ccd4217..c20b7544 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.hpp
@@ -94,6 +94,25 @@ public:
       Button cheatsReset{&cheatsLayout, Size{80, 0}};
 };
 
+struct AdvancedSettings : TabFrameItem {
+  AdvancedSettings(TabFrame*);
+
+public:
+  VerticalLayout layout{this};
+    HorizontalLayout videoDriverLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Label videoDriverLabel{&videoDriverLayout, Size{75, 0}};
+      ComboButton videoDriverOption{&videoDriverLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Button videoDriverChange{&videoDriverLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+    HorizontalLayout audioDriverLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Label audioDriverLabel{&audioDriverLayout, Size{75, 0}};
+      ComboButton audioDriverOption{&audioDriverLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Button audioDriverChange{&audioDriverLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+    HorizontalLayout inputDriverLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Label inputDriverLabel{&inputDriverLayout, Size{75, 0}};
+      ComboButton inputDriverOption{&inputDriverLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      Button inputDriverChange{&inputDriverLayout, Size{80, 0}};
+};
+
 struct SettingsWindow : Window {
   SettingsWindow();
   auto setVisible(bool visible = true) -> SettingsWindow&;
@@ -105,6 +124,7 @@ public:
       InputSettings input{&panel};
       HotkeySettings hotkeys{&panel};
       PathSettings paths{&panel};
+      AdvancedSettings advanced{&panel};
   StatusBar statusBar{this};
 };
 
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/higan.cpp b/higan/target-higan/higan.cpp
index f0e82b51..3abd1384 100644
--- a/higan/target-higan/higan.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-higan/higan.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,8 @@ auto locate(string name) -> string {
   string location = {Path::program(), name};
   if(inode::exists(location)) return location;
 
-  location = {Path::config(), "higan/", name};
-  if(inode::exists(location)) return location;
-
-  directory::create({Path::local(), "higan/"});
-  return {Path::local(), "higan/", name};
+  directory::create({Path::userData(), "higan/"});
+  return {Path::userData(), "higan/", name};
 }
 
 #include <nall/main.hpp>
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.cpp b/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.cpp
index 5a1437d7..eae196e9 100644
--- a/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.cpp
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
   setCentered();
 
   #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
-  Application::Windows::onModalChange([](bool modal) {
+  Application::Windows::onModalChange([&](bool modal) {
     if(modal && audio) audio->clear();
   });
-  Application::Windows::onScreenSaver([]() -> bool {
+  Application::Windows::onScreenSaver([&]() -> bool {
     if(emulator && emulator->loaded()) {
       if(program->pause) return true;
       if(!program->focused() && settingsManager->input.pauseEmulation.checked()) return true;
@@ -205,24 +205,27 @@ auto Presentation::updateEmulator() -> void {
   emulator->set("Scanline Emulation", scanlineEmulation.checked());
 }
 
-auto Presentation::showIcon() -> void {
-  Application::processEvents();
-  int width = geometry().width();
-  int height = geometry().height();
-  int x = width  - 128;
-  int y = height - 128;
-  if(x >= 0 && y >= 0) {
-    canvas.setVisible(true).setGeometry({x, y, 112, 112});
-  } else {
-    canvas.setVisible(false);
+auto Presentation::drawIcon(uint32_t* output, uint length, uint width, uint height) -> void {
+  int ox = width  - 128;
+  int oy = height - 128;
+  if(ox >= 0 && oy >= 0) {
+    image icon{Resource::Icon};
+    icon.alphaBlend(0xff000000);
+    for(uint y : range(112)) {
+      auto target = output + (y + oy) * (length >> 2) + ox;
+      auto source = (uint32_t*)icon.data() + y * 112;
+      memory::copy(target, source, 112 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    }
   }
-  viewport.setGeometry({0, 0, 1, 1});
 }
 
 auto Presentation::clearViewport() -> void {
-  if(!emulator || !emulator->loaded()) showIcon();
   if(!video) return;
 
+  if(!emulator || !emulator->loaded()) {
+    viewport.setGeometry({0, 0, geometry().width(), geometry().height()});
+  }
+
   uint32_t* output;
   uint length = 0;
   uint width = viewport.geometry().width();
@@ -232,15 +235,13 @@ auto Presentation::clearViewport() -> void {
       auto line = output + y * (length >> 2);
       for(uint x : range(width)) *line++ = 0xff000000;
     }
-
+    if(!emulator || !emulator->loaded()) drawIcon(output, length, width, height);
     video->unlock();
     video->output();
   }
 }
 
 auto Presentation::resizeViewport(bool resizeWindow) -> void {
-  if(emulator && emulator->loaded()) canvas.setVisible(false);
-
   //clear video area before resizing to avoid seeing distorted video momentarily
   clearViewport();
 
@@ -306,10 +307,14 @@ auto Presentation::resizeViewport(bool resizeWindow) -> void {
     }
   }
 
-  viewport.setGeometry({
-    (viewportWidth - emulatorWidth) / 2, (viewportHeight - emulatorHeight) / 2,
-    emulatorWidth, emulatorHeight
-  });
+  if(emulator && emulator->loaded()) {
+    viewport.setGeometry({
+      (viewportWidth - emulatorWidth) / 2, (viewportHeight - emulatorHeight) / 2,
+      emulatorWidth, emulatorHeight
+    });
+  } else {
+    viewport.setGeometry({0, 0, geometry().width(), geometry().height()});
+  }
 
   //clear video area again to ensure entire viewport area has been painted in
   clearViewport();
@@ -331,6 +336,9 @@ auto Presentation::toggleFullScreen() -> void {
     menuBar.setVisible(true);
     statusBar.setVisible(settings["UserInterface/ShowStatusBar"].boolean());
   }
+  //hack: give window geometry time to update after toggling fullscreen and menu/status bars
+  usleep(20 * 1000);
+  Application::processEvents();
   resizeViewport();
 }
 
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.hpp b/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.hpp
index e86de552..3ec8e710 100644
--- a/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-higan/presentation/presentation.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ struct AboutWindow : Window {
 struct Presentation : Window {
   Presentation();
   auto updateEmulator() -> void;
-  auto showIcon() -> void;
+  auto drawIcon(uint32_t* output, uint length, uint width, uint height) -> void;
   auto clearViewport() -> void;
   auto resizeViewport(bool resizeWindow = true) -> void;
   auto toggleFullScreen() -> void;
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/settings.cpp b/hiro/gtk/settings.cpp
index 397ef32c..400a2f17 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/settings.cpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/settings.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 namespace hiro {
 
 Settings::Settings() {
-  string path = {Path::local(), "hiro/"};
+  string path = {Path::userData(), "hiro/"};
   auto document = BML::unserialize(file::read({path, "gtk.bml"}));
 
   auto get = [&](string_view name) {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Settings::Settings() {
 }
 
 Settings::~Settings() {
-  string path = {Path::local(), "hiro/"};
+  string path = {Path::userData(), "hiro/"};
   directory::create(path, 0755);
 
   Markup::Node document;
diff --git a/hiro/qt/settings.cpp b/hiro/qt/settings.cpp
index 3393a065..7c16a2c5 100644
--- a/hiro/qt/settings.cpp
+++ b/hiro/qt/settings.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 namespace hiro {
 
 Settings::Settings() {
-  string path = {Path::local(), "hiro/"};
+  string path = {Path::userData(), "hiro/"};
   auto document = BML::unserialize(file::read({path, "qt.bml"}));
 
   auto get = [&](string_view name) {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Settings::Settings() {
 }
 
 Settings::~Settings() {
-  string path = {Path::local(), "hiro/"};
+  string path = {Path::userData(), "hiro/"};
   directory::create(path, 0755);
 
   Markup::Node document;
diff --git a/hiro/windows/status-bar.cpp b/hiro/windows/status-bar.cpp
index 68ef63c4..9d03ceaf 100644
--- a/hiro/windows/status-bar.cpp
+++ b/hiro/windows/status-bar.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace hiro {
 
 auto pStatusBar::construct() -> void {
   if(auto parent = _parent()) {
-    hwnd = CreateWindow(STATUSCLASSNAME, L"", WS_CHILD | WS_DISABLED, 0, 0, 0, 0, parent->hwnd, nullptr, GetModuleHandle(0), 0);
+    hwnd = CreateWindow(STATUSCLASSNAME, L"", WS_CHILD, 0, 0, 0, 0, parent->hwnd, nullptr, GetModuleHandle(0), 0);
     SetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA, (LONG_PTR)&reference);
     setEnabled(self().enabled(true));
     setFont(self().font(true));
diff --git a/icarus/heuristics/super-famicom.cpp b/icarus/heuristics/super-famicom.cpp
index 7f73616b..dc0bfa44 100644
--- a/icarus/heuristics/super-famicom.cpp
+++ b/icarus/heuristics/super-famicom.cpp
@@ -86,11 +86,6 @@ auto SuperFamicom::manifest() const -> string {
     output.append(Memory{}.type("RAM").size(size).content("Save").text());
   }
 
-  if(board(0) == "GSU" && !ramSize() && !expansionRamSize()) {
-    //Starfox / Starwing reports having no RAM; but all GSU boards contain expansion RAM
-    output.append(Memory{}.type("RAM").size(0x8000).content("Save").isVolatile().text());
-  }
-
   if(0) {
   } else if(board(0) == "ARM") {
     output.append(Memory{}.type("ROM").size(0x20000).content("Program").manufacturer("SETA").architecture("ARM6").identifier(firmwareARM()).text());
@@ -273,10 +268,7 @@ auto SuperFamicom::board() const -> string {
   }
   if(!board) board.append(mode);
 
-  if(cartridgeTypeLo == 0x1 || cartridgeTypeLo == 0x4) board.append("RAM-");  //RAM without battery
-  if(cartridgeTypeLo == 0x2 || cartridgeTypeLo == 0x5) board.append("RAM-");  //RAM with battery
-  if(cartridgeTypeLo == 0x6);  //battery without RAM
-
+  if(ramSize() || expansionRamSize()) board.append("RAM-");
   if(epsonRTC) board.append("EPSONRTC-");
   if(sharpRTC) board.append("SHARPRTC-");
 
@@ -439,9 +431,14 @@ auto SuperFamicom::ramSize() const -> uint {
 }
 
 auto SuperFamicom::expansionRamSize() const -> uint {
-  if(data[headerAddress + 0x2a] != 0x33) return 0;
-  auto ramSize = data[headerAddress + 0x0d] & 7;
-  if(ramSize) return 1024 << ramSize;
+  if(data[headerAddress + 0x2a] == 0x33) {
+    auto ramSize = data[headerAddress + 0x0d] & 7;
+    if(ramSize) return 1024 << ramSize;
+  }
+  if((data[headerAddress + 0x26] >> 4) == 1) {
+    //GSU: Starfox / Starwing lacks an extended header; but still has expansion RAM
+    return 0x8000;
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/icarus/icarus.cpp b/icarus/icarus.cpp
index 28c68860..0394f4d4 100644
--- a/icarus/icarus.cpp
+++ b/icarus/icarus.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ auto locate(string name) -> string {
   string location = {Path::program(), name};
   if(inode::exists(location)) return location;
 
-  directory::create({Path::local(), "icarus/"});
-  return {Path::local(), "icarus/", name};
+  directory::create({Path::userData(), "icarus/"});
+  return {Path::userData(), "icarus/", name};
 }
 
 #include "settings.cpp"
diff --git a/nall/decode/html.hpp b/nall/decode/html.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..927d699b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/decode/html.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nall { namespace Decode {
+
+inline auto HTML(const string& input) -> string {
+  string output;
+  for(uint n = 0; n < input.size();) {
+    if(input[n] == '&') {
+      if(input(n + 1) == 'a' && input(n + 2) == 'm' && input(n + 3) == 'p' && input(n + 4) == ';') {
+        output.append('&');
+        n += 5;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if(input(n + 1) == 'l' && input(n + 2) == 't' && input(n + 3) == ';') {
+        output.append('<');
+        n += 4;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if(input(n + 1) == 'g' && input(n + 2) == 't' && input(n + 3) == ';') {
+        output.append('>');
+        n += 4;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if(input(n + 1) == 'q' && input(n + 2) == 'u' && input(n + 3) == 'o' && input(n + 4) == 't' && input(n + 5) == ';') {
+        output.append('"');
+        n += 6;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if(input(n + 1) == 'a' && input(n + 2) == 'p' && input(n + 3) == 'o' && input(n + 4) == 's' && input(n + 5) == ';') {
+        output.append('\'');
+        n += 6;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    output.append(input[n++]);
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+}}
diff --git a/nall/encode/html.hpp b/nall/encode/html.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa854474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nall/encode/html.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nall { namespace Encode {
+
+inline auto HTML(const string& input) -> string {
+  string output;
+  for(char c : input) {
+    if(c == '&' ) { output.append("&amp;" ); continue; }
+    if(c == '<' ) { output.append("&lt;"  ); continue; }
+    if(c == '>' ) { output.append("&gt;"  ); continue; }
+    if(c == '"' ) { output.append("&quot;"); continue; }
+    if(c == '\'') { output.append("&apos;"); continue; }
+    output.append(c);
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+}}
diff --git a/nall/nall.hpp b/nall/nall.hpp
index bebf0ea7..900863a8 100644
--- a/nall/nall.hpp
+++ b/nall/nall.hpp
@@ -62,12 +62,14 @@
 #include <nall/decode/base64.hpp>
 #include <nall/decode/bmp.hpp>
 #include <nall/decode/gzip.hpp>
+#include <nall/decode/html.hpp>
 #include <nall/decode/inflate.hpp>
 #include <nall/decode/png.hpp>
 #include <nall/decode/url.hpp>
 #include <nall/decode/zip.hpp>
 #include <nall/encode/base.hpp>
 #include <nall/encode/base64.hpp>
+#include <nall/encode/html.hpp>
 #include <nall/encode/url.hpp>
 #include <nall/hash/crc16.hpp>
 #include <nall/hash/crc32.hpp>
diff --git a/nall/path.hpp b/nall/path.hpp
index 5456aea1..ed4d148c 100644
--- a/nall/path.hpp
+++ b/nall/path.hpp
@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@ inline auto user() -> string {
   return result;
 }
 
-// /home/username/.config/
+// /home/username/.local/share/
+// ~/Library/Application Support/
 // c:/users/username/appdata/roaming/
-inline auto config() -> string {
+inline auto userData() -> string {
   #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   wchar_t path[PATH_MAX] = L"";
   SHGetFolderPathW(nullptr, CSIDL_APPDATA | CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE, nullptr, 0, path);
@@ -80,24 +81,6 @@ inline auto config() -> string {
   #elif defined(PLATFORM_MACOS)
   string result = {Path::user(), "Library/Application Support/"};
   #else
-  string result = {Path::user(), ".config/"};
-  #endif
-  if(!result) result = ".";
-  if(!result.endsWith("/")) result.append("/");
-  return result;
-}
-
-// /home/username/.local/share/
-// c:/users/username/appdata/local/
-inline auto local() -> string {
-  #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
-  wchar_t path[PATH_MAX] = L"";
-  SHGetFolderPathW(nullptr, CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA | CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE, nullptr, 0, path);
-  string result = (const char*)utf8_t(path);
-  result.transform("\\", "/");
-  #elif defined(PLATFORM_MACOS)
-  string result = {Path::user(), "Library/Application Support/"};
-  #else
   string result = {Path::user(), ".local/share/"};
   #endif
   if(!result) result = ".";
@@ -108,7 +91,7 @@ inline auto local() -> string {
 // /usr/share
 // /Library/Application Support/
 // c:/ProgramData/
-inline auto shared() -> string {
+inline auto sharedData() -> string {
   #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   wchar_t path[PATH_MAX] = L"";
   SHGetFolderPathW(nullptr, CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA | CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE, nullptr, 0, path);
@@ -126,7 +109,7 @@ inline auto shared() -> string {
 
 // /tmp
 // c:/users/username/AppData/Local/Temp/
-inline auto temp() -> string {
+inline auto temporary() -> string {
   #if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   wchar_t path[PATH_MAX] = L"";
   GetTempPathW(PATH_MAX, path);
diff --git a/nall/string.hpp b/nall/string.hpp
index e26785a6..6c15e7c4 100644
--- a/nall/string.hpp
+++ b/nall/string.hpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public:
 
   //core.hpp
   inline auto operator[](uint) const -> const char&;
-  inline auto operator()(uint, char) const -> char;
+  inline auto operator()(uint, char = 0) const -> char;
   template<typename... P> inline auto assign(P&&...) -> type&;
   template<typename T, typename... P> inline auto prepend(const T&, P&&...) -> type&;
   template<typename... P> inline auto prepend(const nall::string_format&, P&&...) -> type&;
diff --git a/ruby/input/xlib.cpp b/ruby/input/xlib.cpp
index ec6dfbe3..dc9bef1d 100644
--- a/ruby/input/xlib.cpp
+++ b/ruby/input/xlib.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@ struct InputXlib : Input {
   InputXlib() : _keyboard(*this), _mouse(*this) { initialize(); }
   ~InputXlib() { terminate(); }
 
+  auto ready() -> bool { return _ready; }
+
+  auto context() -> uintptr { return _context; }
+
+  auto setContext(uintptr context) -> bool {
+    if(_context == context) return true;
+    _context = context;
+    return initialize();
+  }
+
   auto acquired() -> bool {
     return _mouse.acquired();
   }
@@ -37,6 +47,7 @@ struct InputXlib : Input {
 private:
   auto initialize() -> bool {
     terminate();
+    if(!_context) return false;
     if(!_keyboard.initialize()) return false;
     if(!_mouse.initialize(_context)) return false;
     return _ready = true;
diff --git a/ruby/ruby.cpp b/ruby/ruby.cpp
index df10cfdb..670856a1 100644
--- a/ruby/ruby.cpp
+++ b/ruby/ruby.cpp
@@ -68,46 +68,49 @@ using namespace ruby;
 
 namespace ruby {
 
-auto Video::create(const string& driver) -> Video* {
-  if(!driver) return create(optimalDriver());
+auto Video::create(string driver) -> Video* {
+  Video* video = nullptr;
+  if(!driver) driver = optimalDriver();
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_CGL)
-  if(driver == "OpenGL") return new VideoCGL;
+  if(driver == "OpenGL") video = new VideoCGL;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_DIRECT3D)
-  if(driver == "Direct3D") return new VideoDirect3D;
+  if(driver == "Direct3D") video = new VideoDirect3D;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_DIRECTDRAW)
-  if(driver == "DirectDraw") return new VideoDirectDraw;
+  if(driver == "DirectDraw") video = new VideoDirectDraw;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_GDI)
-  if(driver == "GDI") return new VideoGDI;
+  if(driver == "GDI") video = new VideoGDI;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_GLX)
-  if(driver == "OpenGL") return new VideoGLX;
+  if(driver == "OpenGL") video = new VideoGLX;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_GLX2)
-  if(driver == "OpenGL2") return new VideoGLX2;
+  if(driver == "OpenGL2") video = new VideoGLX2;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_WGL)
-  if(driver == "OpenGL") return new VideoWGL;
+  if(driver == "OpenGL") video = new VideoWGL;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_XSHM)
-  if(driver == "XShm") return new VideoXShm;
+  if(driver == "XShm") video = new VideoXShm;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(VIDEO_XVIDEO)
-  if(driver == "XVideo") return new VideoXVideo;
+  if(driver == "XVideo") video = new VideoXVideo;
   #endif
 
-  return new Video;
+  if(!video) driver = "None", video = new Video;
+  video->_driver = driver;
+  return video;
 }
 
 auto Video::optimalDriver() -> string {
@@ -246,50 +249,53 @@ auto Video::availableDrivers() -> string_vector {
 
 namespace ruby {
 
-auto Audio::create(const string& driver) -> Audio* {
-  if(!driver) return create(optimalDriver());
+auto Audio::create(string driver) -> Audio* {
+  Audio* audio = nullptr;
+  if(!driver) driver = optimalDriver();
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_ALSA)
-  if(driver == "ALSA") return new AudioALSA;
+  if(driver == "ALSA") audio = new AudioALSA;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_AO)
-  if(driver == "libao") return new AudioAO;
+  if(driver == "libao") audio = new AudioAO;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_ASIO)
-  if(driver == "ASIO") return new AudioASIO;
+  if(driver == "ASIO") audio = new AudioASIO;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_DIRECTSOUND)
-  if(driver == "DirectSound") return new AudioDirectSound;
+  if(driver == "DirectSound") audio = new AudioDirectSound;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_OPENAL)
-  if(driver == "OpenAL") return new AudioOpenAL;
+  if(driver == "OpenAL") audio = new AudioOpenAL;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_OSS)
-  if(driver == "OSS") return new AudioOSS;
+  if(driver == "OSS") audio = new AudioOSS;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_PULSEAUDIO)
-  if(driver == "PulseAudio") return new AudioPulseAudio;
+  if(driver == "PulseAudio") audio = new AudioPulseAudio;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_PULSEAUDIOSIMPLE)
-  if(driver == "PulseAudioSimple") return new AudioPulseAudioSimple;
+  if(driver == "PulseAudioSimple") audio = new AudioPulseAudioSimple;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_WASAPI)
-  if(driver == "WASAPI") return new AudioWASAPI;
+  if(driver == "WASAPI") audio = new AudioWASAPI;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(AUDIO_XAUDIO2)
-  if(driver == "XAudio2") return new AudioXAudio2;
+  if(driver == "XAudio2") audio = new AudioXAudio2;
   #endif
 
-  return new Audio;
+  if(!audio) driver = "None", audio = new Audio;
+  audio->_driver = driver;
+  return audio;
 }
 
 auto Audio::optimalDriver() -> string {
@@ -420,34 +426,37 @@ auto Audio::availableDrivers() -> string_vector {
 
 namespace ruby {
 
-auto Input::create(const string& driver) -> Input* {
-  if(!driver) return create(optimalDriver());
+auto Input::create(string driver) -> Input* {
+  Input* input = nullptr;
+  if(!driver) driver = optimalDriver();
 
   #if defined(INPUT_WINDOWS)
-  if(driver == "Windows") return new InputWindows;
+  if(driver == "Windows") input = new InputWindows;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(INPUT_QUARTZ)
-  if(driver == "Quartz") return new InputQuartz;
+  if(driver == "Quartz") input = new InputQuartz;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(INPUT_CARBON)
-  if(driver == "Carbon") return new InputCarbon;
+  if(driver == "Carbon") input = new InputCarbon;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(INPUT_UDEV)
-  if(driver == "udev") return new InputUdev;
+  if(driver == "udev") input = new InputUdev;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(INPUT_SDL)
-  if(driver == "SDL") return new InputSDL;
+  if(driver == "SDL") input = new InputSDL;
   #endif
 
   #if defined(INPUT_XLIB)
-  if(driver == "Xlib") return new InputXlib;
+  if(driver == "Xlib") input = new InputXlib;
   #endif
 
-  return new Input;
+  if(!input) driver = "None", input = new Input;
+  input->_driver = driver;
+  return input;
 }
 
 auto Input::optimalDriver() -> string {
diff --git a/ruby/ruby.hpp b/ruby/ruby.hpp
index a22e1e00..f4c1af06 100644
--- a/ruby/ruby.hpp
+++ b/ruby/ruby.hpp
@@ -5,18 +5,15 @@
 namespace ruby {
 
 struct Video {
-  static auto create(const nall::string& driver = "") -> Video*;
+  static auto create(nall::string driver = "") -> Video*;
   static auto optimalDriver() -> nall::string;
   static auto safestDriver() -> nall::string;
   static auto availableDrivers() -> nall::string_vector;
 
-  struct Information {
-  };
-
   virtual ~Video() = default;
 
   virtual auto ready() -> bool { return true; }
-  virtual auto information() -> Information { return {}; }
+  virtual auto driver() -> nall::string { return _driver; }
 
   virtual auto exclusive() -> bool { return false; }
   virtual auto context() -> uintptr { return 0; }
@@ -36,10 +33,13 @@ struct Video {
   virtual auto lock(uint32_t*& data, uint& pitch, uint width, uint height) -> bool { return false; }
   virtual auto unlock() -> void {}
   virtual auto output() -> void {}
+
+private:
+  nall::string _driver;
 };
 
 struct Audio {
-  static auto create(const nall::string& driver = "") -> Audio*;
+  static auto create(nall::string driver = "") -> Audio*;
   static auto optimalDriver() -> nall::string;
   static auto safestDriver() -> nall::string;
   static auto availableDrivers() -> nall::string_vector;
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ struct Audio {
   virtual auto availableChannels() -> nall::vector<uint> { return {2}; }
 
   virtual auto ready() -> bool { return true; }
+  virtual auto driver() -> nall::string { return _driver; }
+
   virtual auto exclusive() -> bool { return false; }
   virtual auto context() -> uintptr { return 0; }
   virtual auto device() -> nall::string { return "None"; }
@@ -70,21 +72,21 @@ struct Audio {
 
   virtual auto clear() -> void {}
   virtual auto output(const double samples[]) -> void {}
+
+private:
+  nall::string _driver;
 };
 
 struct Input {
-  static auto create(const nall::string& driver = "") -> Input*;
+  static auto create(nall::string driver = "") -> Input*;
   static auto optimalDriver() -> nall::string;
   static auto safestDriver() -> nall::string;
   static auto availableDrivers() -> nall::string_vector;
 
-  struct Information {
-  };
-
   virtual ~Input() = default;
 
   virtual auto ready() -> bool { return true; }
-  virtual auto information() -> Information { return {}; }
+  virtual auto driver() -> nall::string { return _driver; }
 
   virtual auto context() -> uintptr { return 0; }
 
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ struct Input {
   }
 
 private:
+  nall::string _driver;
   nall::function<void (nall::shared_pointer<nall::HID::Device> device, uint group, uint input, int16_t oldValue, int16_t newValue)> _onChange;
 };
 
diff --git a/ruby/video/direct3d.cpp b/ruby/video/direct3d.cpp
index f5685231..93421585 100644
--- a/ruby/video/direct3d.cpp
+++ b/ruby/video/direct3d.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ struct VideoDirect3D : Video {
     if(!ready()) return false;
     if(_lost && !recover()) return false;
 
+    //if output size changed, driver must be re-initialized.
+    //failure to do so causes scaling issues on some video drivers.
+    RECT rectangle;
+    GetClientRect((HWND)_context, &rectangle);
+    if(_windowWidth != rectangle.right || _windowHeight != rectangle.bottom) initialize();
+
     if(width != _inputWidth || height != _inputHeight) {
       resize(_inputWidth = width, _inputHeight = height);
     }
@@ -91,13 +97,6 @@ struct VideoDirect3D : Video {
     if(!ready()) return;
     if(_lost && !recover()) return;
 
-    RECT rectangle;
-    GetClientRect((HWND)_context, &rectangle);
-
-    //if output size changed, driver must be re-initialized.
-    //failure to do so causes scaling issues on some video drivers.
-    if(_windowWidth != rectangle.right || _windowHeight != rectangle.bottom) initialize();
-
     _device->BeginScene();
     uint x = 0, y = 0;
     if(_exclusive) {