Refactors, move some functions to retroarch.c and make them static

audio/audio_driver.c

@@ -947,23 +947,6 @@ void audio_driver_set_buffer_size(size_t bufsize)
    audio_driver_st.buffer_size = bufsize;
 }
 
-float audio_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
-      double input_sample_rate,
-      double input_fps,
-      float video_refresh_rate,
-      unsigned video_swap_interval,
-      float audio_max_timing_skew)
-{
-   float inp_sample_rate        = input_sample_rate;
-   float target_video_sync_rate = video_refresh_rate
-         / (float)video_swap_interval;
-   float timing_skew            =
-      fabs(1.0f - input_fps / target_video_sync_rate);
-   if (timing_skew <= audio_max_timing_skew)
-      return (inp_sample_rate * target_video_sync_rate / input_fps);
-   return inp_sample_rate;
-}
-
 #ifdef HAVE_REWIND
 void audio_driver_setup_rewind(void)
 {

audio/audio_driver.h

@@ -304,13 +304,6 @@ bool audio_driver_is_ai_service_speech_running(void);
  **/
 bool audio_compute_buffer_statistics(audio_statistics_t *stats);
 
-float audio_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
-      double input_sample_rate,
-      double input_fps,
-      float video_refresh_rate,
-      unsigned video_swap_interval,
-      float audio_max_timing_skew);
-
 bool audio_driver_init_internal(
       void *settings_data,
       bool audio_cb_inited);

gfx/drivers_font/caca_font.c

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ font_renderer_t caca_font = {
    caca_font_init,
    caca_font_free,
    caca_font_render_msg,
-   "caca font",
+   "caca",
    caca_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                      /* bind_block */
    NULL,                      /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/ctr_font.c

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ font_renderer_t ctr_font =
    ctr_font_init,
    ctr_font_free,
    ctr_font_render_msg,
-   "ctr_font",
+   "ctr",
    ctr_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                         /* bind_block */
    NULL,                         /* flush_block */

gfx/drivers_font/d3d10_font.c

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ font_renderer_t d3d10_font = {
    d3d10_font_init,
    d3d10_font_free,
    d3d10_font_render_msg,
-   "d3d10font",
+   "d3d10",
    d3d10_font_get_glyph,
    NULL, /* bind_block */
    NULL, /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/d3d11_font.c

@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ font_renderer_t d3d11_font = {
    d3d11_font_init,
    d3d11_font_free,
    d3d11_font_render_msg,
-   "d3d11_font",
+   "d3d11",
    d3d11_font_get_glyph,
    NULL, /* bind_block */
    NULL, /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/d3d12_font.c

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ font_renderer_t d3d12_font = {
    d3d12_font_init,
    d3d12_font_free,
    d3d12_font_render_msg,
-   "d3d12_font",
+   "d3d12",
    d3d12_font_get_glyph,
    NULL, /* bind_block */
    NULL, /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/gdi_font.c

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ font_renderer_t gdi_font = {
    gdi_font_init,
    gdi_font_free,
    gdi_font_render_msg,
-   "gdi_font",
+   "gdi",
    NULL,                      /* get_glyph */
    NULL,                      /* bind_block */
    NULL,                      /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/gl1_raster_font.c

@@ -379,10 +379,15 @@ static void gl1_raster_font_render_message(
    }
 }
 
-static void gl1_raster_font_setup_viewport(unsigned width, unsigned height,
+static void gl1_raster_font_setup_viewport(
+      video_driver_state_t *video_st,
+      unsigned width, unsigned height,
       gl1_raster_t *font, bool full_screen)
 {
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, full_screen, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height,
+            full_screen, false);
 
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
@@ -403,6 +408,7 @@ static void gl1_raster_font_render_msg(
    enum text_alignment text_align   = TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT;
    bool full_screen                 = false;
    gl1_raster_t               *font = (gl1_raster_t*)data;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
    unsigned width                   = font->gl->video_width;
    unsigned height                  = font->gl->video_height;
 
@@ -458,7 +464,7 @@ static void gl1_raster_font_render_msg(
    if (font->block)
       font->block->fullscreen = full_screen;
    else
-      gl1_raster_font_setup_viewport(width, height, font, full_screen);
+      gl1_raster_font_setup_viewport(video_st, width, height, font, full_screen);
 
    if (font->gl)
    {
@@ -485,12 +491,14 @@ static void gl1_raster_font_render_msg(
 
       if (!font->block)
       {
-         /* restore viewport */
+         /* Restore viewport */
          glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
          glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, font->gl->texture[font->gl->tex_index]);
 
          glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-         video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, false, true);
+         if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+            video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+                  video_st->data, width, height, false, true);
       }
    }
 }
@@ -508,22 +516,25 @@ static void gl1_raster_font_flush_block(unsigned width, unsigned height,
       void *data)
 {
    gl1_raster_t          *font       = (gl1_raster_t*)data;
-   video_font_raster_block_t *block = font ? font->block : NULL;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st    = video_state_get_ptr();
+   video_font_raster_block_t *block  = font ? font->block : NULL;
 
    if (!font || !block || !block->carr.coords.vertices)
       return;
 
-   gl1_raster_font_setup_viewport(width, height, font, block->fullscreen);
+   gl1_raster_font_setup_viewport(video_st, width, height, font, block->fullscreen);
    gl1_raster_font_draw_vertices(font, (video_coords_t*)&block->carr.coords);
 
    if (font->gl)
    {
-      /* restore viewport */
+      /* Restore viewport */
       glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, font->gl->texture[font->gl->tex_index]);
 
       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-      video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
+      if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+         video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+               video_st->data, width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
    }
 }
 
@@ -548,7 +559,7 @@ font_renderer_t gl1_raster_font = {
    gl1_raster_font_init,
    gl1_raster_font_free,
    gl1_raster_font_render_msg,
-   "gl1_raster_font",
+   "gl1",
    gl1_raster_font_get_glyph,
    gl1_raster_font_bind_block,
    gl1_raster_font_flush_block,

gfx/drivers_font/gl2_raster_font.c

@@ -343,12 +343,15 @@ static void gl2_raster_font_render_message(
 }
 
 static void gl2_raster_font_setup_viewport(
+      video_driver_state_t *video_st,
       gl2_raster_t *font,
       unsigned width, unsigned height,
       bool full_screen)
 {
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, full_screen, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
-
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height, full_screen, true);
+            
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
    glBlendEquation(GL_FUNC_ADD);
@@ -372,6 +375,7 @@ static void gl2_raster_font_render_msg(
    enum text_alignment text_align    = TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT;
    bool full_screen                  = false ;
    gl2_raster_t                *font = (gl2_raster_t*)data;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st    = video_state_get_ptr();
    unsigned width                    = font->gl->video_width;
    unsigned height                   = font->gl->video_height;
 
@@ -427,7 +431,7 @@ static void gl2_raster_font_render_msg(
    if (font->block)
       font->block->fullscreen  = full_screen;
    else
-      gl2_raster_font_setup_viewport(font, width, height, full_screen);
+      gl2_raster_font_setup_viewport(video_st, font, width, height, full_screen);
 
    if (font->gl)
    {
@@ -454,11 +458,13 @@ static void gl2_raster_font_render_msg(
 
       if (!font->block)
       {
-         /* restore viewport */
+         /* Restore viewport */
          glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,
                font->gl->texture[font->gl->tex_index]);
          glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-         video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, false, true);
+         if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+            video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+                  video_st->data, width, height, false, true);
       }
    }
 }
@@ -476,21 +482,24 @@ static void gl2_raster_font_flush_block(unsigned width, unsigned height,
       void *data)
 {
    gl2_raster_t          *font       = (gl2_raster_t*)data;
-   video_font_raster_block_t *block = font ? font->block : NULL;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st    = video_state_get_ptr();
+   video_font_raster_block_t *block  = font ? font->block : NULL;
 
    if (!font || !block || !block->carr.coords.vertices)
       return;
 
-   gl2_raster_font_setup_viewport(font, width, height, block->fullscreen);
+   gl2_raster_font_setup_viewport(video_st, font, width, height, block->fullscreen);
    gl2_raster_font_draw_vertices(font, (video_coords_t*)&block->carr.coords);
 
    if (font->gl)
    {
-      /* restore viewport */
+      /* Restore viewport */
       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, font->gl->texture[font->gl->tex_index]);
 
       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-      video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
+      if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+         video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+               video_st->data, width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
    }
 }
 
@@ -515,7 +524,7 @@ font_renderer_t gl2_raster_font = {
    gl2_raster_font_init,
    gl2_raster_font_free,
    gl2_raster_font_render_msg,
-   "gl2_raster_font",
+   "gl",
    gl2_raster_font_get_glyph,
    gl2_raster_font_bind_block,
    gl2_raster_font_flush_block,

gfx/drivers_font/gl3_raster_font.c

@@ -320,10 +320,14 @@ static void gl3_raster_font_render_message(
    }
 }
 
-static void gl3_raster_font_setup_viewport(unsigned width, unsigned height,
+static void gl3_raster_font_setup_viewport(
+      video_driver_state_t *video_st,
+      unsigned width, unsigned height,
       gl3_raster_t *font, bool full_screen)
 {
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, full_screen, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height, full_screen, false);
 
    glEnable(GL_BLEND);
    glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
@@ -343,7 +347,8 @@ static void gl3_raster_font_render_msg(
    GLfloat x, y, scale, drop_mod, drop_alpha;
    enum text_alignment text_align   = TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT;
    bool full_screen                 = false ;
-   gl3_raster_t           *font = (gl3_raster_t*)data;
+   gl3_raster_t           *font     = (gl3_raster_t*)data;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
    unsigned width                   = font->gl->video_width;
    unsigned height                  = font->gl->video_height;
    settings_t *settings             = config_get_ptr();
@@ -399,7 +404,7 @@ static void gl3_raster_font_render_msg(
    if (font->block)
       font->block->fullscreen = full_screen;
    else
-      gl3_raster_font_setup_viewport(width, height, font, full_screen);
+      gl3_raster_font_setup_viewport(video_st, width, height, font, full_screen);
 
    if (font->gl)
    {
@@ -427,7 +432,9 @@ static void gl3_raster_font_render_msg(
       if (!font->block)
       {
          glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-         video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, false, true);
+         if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+            video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+                  video_st->data, width, height, false, true);
       }
    }
 }
@@ -445,18 +452,21 @@ static void gl3_raster_font_flush_block(unsigned width, unsigned height,
       void *data)
 {
    gl3_raster_t          *font       = (gl3_raster_t*)data;
-   video_font_raster_block_t *block = font ? font->block : NULL;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st    = video_state_get_ptr();
+   video_font_raster_block_t *block  = font ? font->block : NULL;
 
    if (!font || !block || !block->carr.coords.vertices)
       return;
 
-   gl3_raster_font_setup_viewport(width, height, font, block->fullscreen);
+   gl3_raster_font_setup_viewport(video_st, width, height, font, block->fullscreen);
    gl3_raster_font_draw_vertices(font, (video_coords_t*)&block->carr.coords);
 
    if (font->gl)
    {
       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-      video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
+      if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+         video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+               video_st->data, width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
    }
 }
 
@@ -481,7 +491,7 @@ font_renderer_t gl3_raster_font = {
    gl3_raster_font_init,
    gl3_raster_font_free,
    gl3_raster_font_render_msg,
-   "gl3_raster_font",
+   "glcore",
    gl3_raster_font_get_glyph,
    gl3_raster_font_bind_block,
    gl3_raster_font_flush_block,

gfx/drivers_font/metal_raster_font.m

@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ font_renderer_t metal_raster_font = {
    metal_raster_font_init,
    metal_raster_font_free,
    metal_raster_font_render_msg,
-   "metal_raster",
+   "metal",
    metal_raster_font_get_glyph,
    NULL, /* bind_block  */
    NULL, /* flush_block */

gfx/drivers_font/ps2_font.c

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ font_renderer_t ps2_font = {
    ps2_font_init,
    ps2_font_free,
    ps2_font_render_msg,
-   "ps2_font",
+   "ps2",
    ps2_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                      /* bind_block */
    NULL,                      /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/rsx_font.c

@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "../font_driver.h"
-
 #include "../common/rsx_common.h"
-
 #include "../../configuration.h"
 
 #define RSX_FONT_EMIT(c, vx, vy) \
@@ -424,10 +422,14 @@ static void rsx_font_render_message(
    }
 }
 
-static void rsx_font_setup_viewport(unsigned width, unsigned height,
+static void rsx_font_setup_viewport(
+      video_driver_state_t *video_st,
+      unsigned width, unsigned height,
       rsx_font_t *font, bool full_screen)
 {
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, full_screen, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height, full_screen, false);
 
    if (font->rsx)
    {
@@ -454,6 +456,7 @@ static void rsx_font_render_msg(
    enum text_alignment text_align   = TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT;
    bool full_screen                 = false ;
    rsx_font_t *font                 = (rsx_font_t*)data;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
    unsigned width                   = font->rsx->width;
    unsigned height                  = font->rsx->height;
    settings_t *settings             = config_get_ptr();
@@ -540,7 +543,9 @@ static void rsx_font_render_msg(
          rsxTextureControl(font->rsx->context, font->tex_unit->index,
                GCM_TRUE, 0 << 8, 12 << 8, GCM_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISO_1);
          rsxSetBlendEnable(font->rsx->context, GCM_FALSE);
-         video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, false, true);
+         if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+            video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+                  video_st->data, width, height, false, true);
       }
       font->rsx->font_vert_idx = 0;
    }
@@ -558,13 +563,14 @@ static const struct font_glyph *rsx_font_get_glyph(
 static void rsx_font_flush_block(unsigned width, unsigned height,
       void *data)
 {
-   rsx_font_t          *font       = (rsx_font_t*)data;
+   rsx_font_t          *font        = (rsx_font_t*)data;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
    video_font_raster_block_t *block = font ? font->block : NULL;
 
    if (!font || !block || !block->carr.coords.vertices)
       return;
 
-   rsx_font_setup_viewport(width, height, font, block->fullscreen);
+   rsx_font_setup_viewport(video_st, width, height, font, block->fullscreen);
    rsx_font_draw_vertices(font, (video_coords_t*)&block->carr.coords);
 
    if (font->rsx)
@@ -573,7 +579,9 @@ static void rsx_font_flush_block(unsigned width, unsigned height,
       rsxTextureControl(font->rsx->context, font->tex_unit->index,
             GCM_TRUE, 0 << 8, 12 << 8, GCM_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISO_1);
       rsxSetBlendEnable(font->rsx->context, GCM_FALSE);
-      video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
+      if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+         video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+               video_st->data, width, height, block->fullscreen, true);
    }
    font->rsx->font_vert_idx = 0;
 }
@@ -599,7 +607,7 @@ font_renderer_t rsx_font = {
    rsx_font_init,
    rsx_font_free,
    rsx_font_render_msg,
-   "rsx_font",
+   "rsx",
    rsx_font_get_glyph,
    rsx_font_bind_block,
    rsx_font_flush_block,

gfx/drivers_font/sixel_font.c

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ font_renderer_t sixel_font = {
    sixel_font_init,
    sixel_font_free,
    sixel_font_render_msg,
-   "sixel_font",
+   "sixel",
    sixel_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                       /* bind_block */
    NULL,                       /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/switch_font.c

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ font_renderer_t switch_font =
    switch_font_init,
    switch_font_free,
    switch_font_render_msg,
-   "switch_font",
+   "switch",
    switch_font_get_glyph,
    NULL, /* bind_block  */
    NULL, /* flush_block */

gfx/drivers_font/vga_font.c

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ font_renderer_t vga_font = {
    vga_font_init,
    vga_font_render_free,
    vga_font_render_msg,
-   "vga_font",
+   "vga",
    vga_font_get_glyph,         /* get_glyph */
    NULL,                       /* bind_block */
    NULL,                       /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/vita2d_font.c

@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 #include <encodings/utf.h>
 
 #include "../common/vita2d_common.h"
-
 #include "../font_driver.h"
-
 #include "../../configuration.h"
 
 typedef struct
@@ -266,11 +264,12 @@ static void vita2d_font_render_msg(
    unsigned color, r, g, b, alpha;
    enum text_alignment text_align;
    float x, y, scale, drop_mod, drop_alpha;
-   bool full_screen           = false;
+   bool full_screen                 = false;
-   vita_video_t *vita         = (vita_video_t *)userdata;
+   vita_video_t *vita               = (vita_video_t *)userdata;
-   vita_font_t *font          = (vita_font_t *)data;
+   vita_font_t *font                = (vita_font_t *)data;
-   unsigned width             = vita->video_width;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
-   unsigned height            = vita->video_height;
+   unsigned width                   = vita->video_width;
+   unsigned height                  = vita->video_height;
 
    if (!font || !msg || !*msg)
       return;
@@ -318,7 +317,9 @@ static void vita2d_font_render_msg(
       drop_alpha              = 1.0f;
    }
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, full_screen, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height, full_screen, false);
 
    if (drop_x || drop_y)
    {
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ font_renderer_t vita2d_vita_font = {
    vita2d_font_init,
    vita2d_font_free,
    vita2d_font_render_msg,
-   "vita2d_font",
+   "vita2d",
    vita2d_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                      /* bind_block */
    NULL,                      /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/vulkan_raster_font.c

@@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ static void vulkan_font_render_msg(
    float x, y, scale, drop_mod, drop_alpha;
    vk_t *vk                         = NULL;
    vulkan_raster_t *font            = (vulkan_raster_t*)data;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
    settings_t *settings             = config_get_ptr();
    float video_msg_pos_x            = settings->floats.video_msg_pos_x;
    float video_msg_pos_y            = settings->floats.video_msg_pos_y;
@@ -417,7 +418,9 @@ static void vulkan_font_render_msg(
       color[3]    = 1.0f;
    }
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width, height, full_screen, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height, full_screen, false);
 
    max_glyphs = strlen(msg);
    if (drop_x || drop_y)
@@ -481,7 +484,7 @@ font_renderer_t vulkan_raster_font = {
    vulkan_font_init,
    vulkan_font_free,
    vulkan_font_render_msg,
-   "vulkan_font",
+   "vulkan",
    vulkan_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                            /* bind_block */
    NULL,                            /* flush_block */

gfx/drivers_font/wiiu_font.c

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ font_renderer_t wiiu_font =
    wiiu_font_init,
    wiiu_font_free,
    wiiu_font_render_msg,
-   "wiiu_font",
+   "gx2",
    wiiu_font_get_glyph,
    NULL,                   /* bind_block */
    NULL,                   /* flush */

gfx/drivers_font/xdk1_xfonts.c

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ font_renderer_t d3d_xdk1_font = {
    xfonts_init,
    xfonts_free,
    xfonts_render_msg,
-   "xfonts",
+   "xdk1",
    NULL,                      /* get_glyph */
    NULL,                      /* bind_block */
    NULL,                      /* flush */

gfx/gfx_widgets.c

@@ -1480,6 +1480,7 @@ void gfx_widgets_frame(void *data)
    video_frame_info_t *video_info   = (video_frame_info_t*)data;
    gfx_display_t            *p_disp = (gfx_display_t*)video_info->disp_userdata;
    gfx_display_ctx_driver_t *dispctx= p_disp->dispctx;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st   = video_state_get_ptr();
    dispgfx_widget_t *p_dispwidget   = (dispgfx_widget_t*)video_info->widgets_userdata;
    bool fps_show                    = video_info->fps_show;
    bool framecount_show             = video_info->framecount_show;
@@ -1503,7 +1504,9 @@ void gfx_widgets_frame(void *data)
    if (menu_screensaver_active || notifications_hidden)
       return;
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, true, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, true, false);
 
    /* Font setup */
    gfx_widgets_font_bind(&p_dispwidget->gfx_widget_fonts.regular);
@@ -1777,7 +1780,9 @@ void gfx_widgets_frame(void *data)
    gfx_widgets_font_unbind(&p_dispwidget->gfx_widget_fonts.bold);
    gfx_widgets_font_unbind(&p_dispwidget->gfx_widget_fonts.msg_queue);
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, false, true);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, false, true);
 }
 
 static void gfx_widgets_free(dispgfx_widget_t *p_dispwidget)

gfx/video_crt_switch.c

@@ -90,14 +90,17 @@ static void crt_aspect_ratio_switch(
    RARCH_LOG("[CRT]: Setting Aspect Ratio: %f \n", fly_aspect);
    RARCH_LOG("[CRT]: Setting Video Screen Size to: %dx%d \n",
          width, height);
-   video_driver_set_size(width , height);
+   video_driver_set_size(width, height);
-   video_driver_set_viewport(width , height,1,1);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, width, height, true, true);
 
    video_driver_apply_state_changes();
 
 }
 
-static void set_aspect(videocrt_switch_t *p_switch,
+static void crt_switch_set_aspect(
+      videocrt_switch_t *p_switch,
       unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
       unsigned int srm_width, unsigned srm_height,
       float srm_xscale, float srm_yscale,
@@ -320,7 +323,7 @@ static void switch_res_crt(
          get_modeline_for_kms(p_switch, &srm);
 #if 0
          /* Need trigger the context set video mode */
-         crt_switch_driver_refresh();
+         video_driver_reinit(DRIVER_VIDEO_MASK);
 #endif
          video_driver_set_video_mode(srm.width, srm.height, true);
       }
@@ -330,12 +333,17 @@ static void switch_res_crt(
          RARCH_LOG("[CRT]: SR failed to switch mode\n");
       p_switch->sr_core_hz = (float)srm.vfreq;
 
-      set_aspect(p_switch, retroarch_get_rotation()? h : w , retroarch_get_rotation()? w : h, srm.width, srm.height,
+      crt_switch_set_aspect(p_switch,
+            retroarch_get_rotation() ? h : w,
+            retroarch_get_rotation() ? w : h,
+            srm.width, srm.height,
             (float)srm.x_scale, (float)srm.y_scale, srm.is_stretched);
    }
    else
    {
-      set_aspect(p_switch, width , height, width, height,
+      crt_switch_set_aspect(p_switch,
+            width, height,
+            width, height,
             (float)1, (float)1, false);
       video_driver_set_size(width , height);
       video_driver_apply_state_changes();
@@ -405,7 +413,7 @@ void crt_switch_res_core(
             int corrected_height = 240;
             switch_res_crt(p_switch, corrected_width, corrected_height,
                   crt_mode, corrected_width, monitor_index-1, super_width);
-            set_aspect(p_switch, native_width, height, native_width,
+            crt_switch_set_aspect(p_switch, native_width, height, native_width,
                   height ,(float)1,(float)1, false);
             video_driver_set_size(native_width , height);
          }
@@ -519,7 +527,7 @@ static void crt_rpi_switch(videocrt_switch_t *p_switch,
    /* set core refresh from hz */
    video_monitor_set_refresh_rate(hz);
 
-   set_aspect(p_switch, width,
+   crt_switch_set_aspect(p_switch, width,
       height, width, height,
       (float)1, (float)1, false);
 
@@ -617,6 +625,6 @@ static void crt_rpi_switch(videocrt_switch_t *p_switch,
          "fbset -g %d %d %d %d 24 > /dev/null",
          width, height, width, height);
    system(output2);
-   crt_switch_driver_refresh();
+   video_driver_reinit(DRIVER_VIDEO_MASK);
 }
 #endif

gfx/video_driver.c

@@ -378,12 +378,6 @@ video_driver_state_t *video_state_get_ptr(void)
    return &video_driver_st;
 }
 
-void crt_switch_driver_refresh(void)
-{
-   video_driver_reinit(DRIVER_VIDEO_MASK);
-}
-
-
 #ifdef HAVE_THREADS
 void *video_thread_get_ptr(video_driver_state_t *video_st)
 {
@@ -602,10 +596,10 @@ bool video_driver_translate_coord_viewport(
    int scaled_screen_y       = -0x8000; /* OOB */
    int scaled_x              = -0x8000; /* OOB */
    int scaled_y              = -0x8000; /* OOB */
-   if (norm_vp_width       <= 0 ||
+   if (   (norm_vp_width       <= 0)
-       norm_vp_height      <= 0 ||
+       || (norm_vp_height      <= 0)
-       norm_full_vp_width  <= 0 ||
+       || (norm_full_vp_width  <= 0)
-       norm_full_vp_height <= 0)
+       || (norm_full_vp_height <= 0))
       return false;
 
    if (mouse_x >= 0 && mouse_x <= norm_full_vp_width)
@@ -888,37 +882,6 @@ error:
    return NULL;
 }
 
-bool video_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
-      float timing_skew_hz,
-      float video_refresh_rate,
-      bool vrr_runloop_enable,
-      float audio_max_timing_skew,
-      unsigned video_swap_interval,
-      double input_fps)
-{
-   settings_t *settings         = config_get_ptr();
-   float target_video_sync_rate = timing_skew_hz;
-
-   /* Divide target rate only when using Auto interval */
-   if (settings->uints.video_swap_interval == 0)
-      target_video_sync_rate /= (float)video_swap_interval;
-
-   if (!vrr_runloop_enable)
-   {
-      float timing_skew                    = fabs(
-            1.0f - input_fps / target_video_sync_rate);
-      /* We don't want to adjust pitch too much. If we have extreme cases,
-       * just don't readjust at all. */
-      if (timing_skew <= audio_max_timing_skew)
-         return true;
-      RARCH_LOG("[Video]: Timings deviate too much. Will not adjust."
-            " (Target = %.2f Hz, Game = %.2f Hz)\n",
-            target_video_sync_rate,
-            (float)input_fps);
-   }
-   return input_fps <= target_video_sync_rate;
-}
-
 void video_driver_gpu_record_deinit(void)
 {
    video_driver_state_t *video_st = &video_driver_st;
@@ -1285,15 +1248,13 @@ bool video_display_server_get_flags(gfx_ctx_flags_t *flags)
    return true;
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_THREADS
 bool video_driver_is_threaded(void)
 {
-#ifdef HAVE_THREADS
    video_driver_state_t *video_st                 = &video_driver_st;
    return VIDEO_DRIVER_IS_THREADED_INTERNAL(video_st);
-#else
-   return false;
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 bool *video_driver_get_threaded(void)
 {
@@ -1615,16 +1576,6 @@ void video_driver_set_viewport_square_pixel(struct retro_game_geometry *geom)
    aspectratio_lut[ASPECT_RATIO_SQUARE].value = (float)aspect_x / aspect_y;
 }
 
-void video_driver_set_viewport(unsigned width, unsigned height,
-      bool force_fullscreen, bool allow_rotate)
-{
-   video_driver_state_t *video_st         = &video_driver_st;
-   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
-      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
-            video_st->data, width, height,
-            force_fullscreen, allow_rotate);
-}
-
 bool video_driver_set_rotation(unsigned rotation)
 {
    video_driver_state_t *video_st         = &video_driver_st;
@@ -1704,11 +1655,12 @@ void video_driver_set_size(unsigned width, unsigned height)
 #ifdef HAVE_THREADS
    bool            is_threaded    = VIDEO_DRIVER_IS_THREADED_INTERNAL(video_st);
    VIDEO_DRIVER_THREADED_LOCK(video_st, is_threaded);
-#endif
    video_st->width                = width;
    video_st->height               = height;
-#ifdef HAVE_THREADS
    VIDEO_DRIVER_THREADED_UNLOCK(video_st, is_threaded);
+#else
+   video_st->width                = width;
+   video_st->height               = height;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1786,9 +1738,7 @@ void video_driver_lock_new(void)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_THREADS
    video_driver_state_t *video_st = &video_driver_st;
-#endif
    VIDEO_DRIVER_LOCK_FREE(video_st);
-#ifdef HAVE_THREADS
    if (!video_st->display_lock)
       video_st->display_lock = slock_new();
 
@@ -2849,15 +2799,15 @@ enum gfx_ctx_api video_context_driver_get_api(void)
    return ctx_api;
 }
 
+#if !(defined(RARCH_CONSOLE) || defined(RARCH_MOBILE))
 bool video_driver_has_windowed(void)
 {
-#if !(defined(RARCH_CONSOLE) || defined(RARCH_MOBILE))
    video_driver_state_t *video_st   = &video_driver_st;
    if (video_st->data && video_st->current_video->has_windowed)
       return video_st->current_video->has_windowed(video_st->data);
-#endif
    return false;
 }
+#endif
 
 bool video_shader_driver_get_current_shader(video_shader_ctx_t *shader)
 {
@@ -2881,16 +2831,6 @@ float video_driver_get_refresh_rate(void)
    return 0.0f;
 }
 
-#if defined(HAVE_GFX_WIDGETS)
-bool video_driver_has_widgets(void)
-{
-   video_driver_state_t *video_st           = &video_driver_st;
-   return   video_st->current_video
-         && video_st->current_video->gfx_widgets_enabled
-         && video_st->current_video->gfx_widgets_enabled(video_st->data);
-}
-#endif
-
 void video_driver_set_gpu_device_string(const char *str)
 {
    video_driver_state_t *video_st           = &video_driver_st;

gfx/video_driver.h

@@ -888,7 +888,17 @@ struct aspect_ratio_elem
 
 extern struct aspect_ratio_elem aspectratio_lut[ASPECT_RATIO_END];
 
+#if !(defined(RARCH_CONSOLE) || defined(RARCH_MOBILE))
 bool video_driver_has_windowed(void);
+#else
+#define video_driver_has_windowed() (false)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_THREADS
+bool video_driver_is_threaded(void);
+#else
+#define video_driver_is_threaded() (false)
+#endif
 
 bool video_driver_has_focus(void);
 
@@ -968,9 +978,6 @@ void video_driver_set_filtering(unsigned index, bool smooth, bool ctx_scaling);
 
 const char *video_driver_get_ident(void);
 
-void video_driver_set_viewport(unsigned width, unsigned height,
-      bool force_fullscreen, bool allow_rotate);
-
 void video_driver_get_size(unsigned *width, unsigned *height);
 
 void video_driver_set_size(unsigned width, unsigned height);
@@ -1029,16 +1036,6 @@ void video_monitor_compute_fps_statistics(uint64_t
 bool video_monitor_fps_statistics(double *refresh_rate,
       double *deviation, unsigned *sample_points);
 
-bool video_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
-      float timing_skew_hz,
-      float video_refresh_rate,
-      bool vrr_runloop_enable,
-      float audio_max_timing_skew,
-      unsigned video_swap_interval,
-      double input_fps);
-
-void crt_switch_driver_refresh(void);
-
 #define video_driver_translate_coord_viewport_wrap(vp, mouse_x, mouse_y, res_x, res_y, res_screen_x, res_screen_y) \
    (video_driver_get_viewport_info(vp) ? video_driver_translate_coord_viewport(vp, mouse_x, mouse_y, res_x, res_y, res_screen_x, res_screen_y) : false)
 
@@ -1163,11 +1160,6 @@ bool video_shader_driver_get_current_shader(video_shader_ctx_t *shader);
 
 float video_driver_get_refresh_rate(void);
 
-#if defined(HAVE_GFX_WIDGETS)
-bool video_driver_has_widgets(void);
-#endif
-
-bool video_driver_is_threaded(void);
 
 bool video_context_driver_get_flags(gfx_ctx_flags_t *flags);
 

menu/drivers/materialui.c

@@ -7022,6 +7022,7 @@ static void materialui_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
    materialui_handle_t *mui       = (materialui_handle_t*)data;
    settings_t *settings           = config_get_ptr();
    gfx_display_t *p_disp          = disp_get_ptr();
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st = video_state_get_ptr();
    struct menu_state *menu_st     = menu_state_get_ptr();
    menu_list_t *menu_list         = menu_st->entries.list;
    menu_input_t *menu_input       = &menu_st->input_state;
@@ -7062,7 +7063,9 @@ static void materialui_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
       gfx_display_rotate_z(p_disp, &mymat, cosine, sine, userdata);
    }
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, true, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, true, false);
 
    /* Clear text */
    materialui_font_bind(&mui->font_data.title);
@@ -7303,7 +7306,9 @@ static void materialui_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
    materialui_font_unbind(&mui->font_data.list);
    materialui_font_unbind(&mui->font_data.hint);
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, false, true);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, false, true);
 }
 
 /* Determines current list view type, based on

menu/drivers/ozone.c

@@ -11372,6 +11372,7 @@ static void ozone_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
    gfx_display_t            *p_disp       = (gfx_display_t*)video_info->disp_userdata;
    gfx_animation_t *p_anim                = anim_get_ptr();
    gfx_display_ctx_driver_t *dispctx      = p_disp->dispctx;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st         = video_state_get_ptr();
    struct menu_state *menu_st             = menu_state_get_ptr();
    menu_list_t *menu_list                 = menu_st->entries.list;
 
@@ -11477,7 +11478,9 @@ static void ozone_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
       return;
    }
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, true, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, true, false);
 
    /* Clear text */
    ozone_font_bind(&ozone->fonts.footer);
@@ -11748,7 +11751,9 @@ static void ozone_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
    ozone_font_unbind(&ozone->fonts.entries_sublabel);
    ozone_font_unbind(&ozone->fonts.sidebar);
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, false, true);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, false, true);
 }
 
 static void ozone_set_header(ozone_handle_t *ozone)

menu/drivers/xmb.c

@@ -5683,6 +5683,7 @@ static void xmb_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
    gfx_display_t            *p_disp        = (gfx_display_t*)video_info->disp_userdata;
    gfx_animation_t          *p_anim        = anim_get_ptr();
    gfx_display_ctx_driver_t *dispctx       = p_disp->dispctx;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st          = video_state_get_ptr();
    struct menu_state   *menu_st            = menu_state_get_ptr();
    menu_list_t *menu_list                  = menu_st->entries.list;
    bool input_dialog_display_kb            = menu_input_dialog_get_display_kb();
@@ -5703,7 +5704,9 @@ static void xmb_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
       return;
    }
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, true, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, true, false);
 
    pseudo_font_length                      = xmb->icon_spacing_horizontal * 4 - xmb->icon_size / 4.0f;
    left_thumbnail_margin_width             = xmb->icon_size * 3.4f;
@@ -6405,7 +6408,9 @@ static void xmb_frame(void *data, video_frame_info_t *video_info)
                video_height);
    }
 
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, false, true);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, false, true);
 }
 
 static void xmb_layout_ps3(xmb_handle_t *xmb, int width)

menu/menu_displaylist.c

@@ -9717,7 +9717,10 @@ unsigned menu_displaylist_build_list(
             bool video_font_enable        = settings->bools.video_font_enable;
             bool video_msg_bgcolor_enable = settings->bools.video_msg_bgcolor_enable;
 #ifdef HAVE_GFX_WIDGETS
-            bool widgets_supported        = video_driver_has_widgets();
+            video_driver_state_t *video_st= video_state_get_ptr();
+            bool widgets_supported        = video_st->current_video
+               && video_st->current_video->gfx_widgets_enabled
+               && video_st->current_video->gfx_widgets_enabled(video_st->data);
             bool widgets_active           = gfx_widgets_ready();
             bool menu_widget_scale_auto   = settings->bools.menu_widget_scale_auto;
 #else

menu/menu_screensaver.c

@@ -749,9 +749,10 @@ void menu_screensaver_iterate(
 void menu_screensaver_frame(menu_screensaver_t *screensaver,
       video_frame_info_t *video_info, gfx_display_t *p_disp)
 {
-   void *userdata = NULL;
    unsigned video_width;
    unsigned video_height;
+   video_driver_state_t *video_st = video_state_get_ptr();
+   void *userdata                 = NULL;
 
    if (!screensaver)
       return;
@@ -761,7 +762,9 @@ void menu_screensaver_frame(menu_screensaver_t *screensaver,
    userdata     = video_info->userdata;
 
    /* Set viewport */
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, true, false);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, true, false);
 
    /* Draw background */
    gfx_display_draw_quad(
@@ -816,5 +819,7 @@ void menu_screensaver_frame(menu_screensaver_t *screensaver,
    }
 
    /* Unset viewport */
-   video_driver_set_viewport(video_width, video_height, false, true);
+   if (video_st->current_video && video_st->current_video->set_viewport)
+      video_st->current_video->set_viewport(
+            video_st->data, video_width, video_height, false, true);
 }

retroarch.c

@@ -575,15 +575,64 @@ static bool driver_find_next(const char *label, char *s, size_t len)
    return false;
 }
 
+static float audio_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
+      double input_sample_rate,
+      double input_fps,
+      float video_refresh_rate,
+      unsigned video_swap_interval,
+      float audio_max_timing_skew)
+{
+   float inp_sample_rate        = input_sample_rate;
+   float target_video_sync_rate = video_refresh_rate
+         / (float)video_swap_interval;
+   float timing_skew            =
+      fabs(1.0f - input_fps / target_video_sync_rate);
+   if (timing_skew <= audio_max_timing_skew)
+      return (inp_sample_rate * target_video_sync_rate / input_fps);
+   return inp_sample_rate;
+}
+
+static bool video_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
+      unsigned _video_swap_interval,
+      float timing_skew_hz,
+      float video_refresh_rate,
+      bool vrr_runloop_enable,
+      float audio_max_timing_skew,
+      unsigned video_swap_interval,
+      double input_fps)
+{
+   float target_video_sync_rate = timing_skew_hz;
+
+   /* Divide target rate only when using Auto interval */
+   if (_video_swap_interval == 0)
+      target_video_sync_rate /= (float)video_swap_interval;
+
+   if (!vrr_runloop_enable)
+   {
+      float timing_skew                    = fabs(
+            1.0f - input_fps / target_video_sync_rate);
+      /* We don't want to adjust pitch too much. If we have extreme cases,
+       * just don't readjust at all. */
+      if (timing_skew <= audio_max_timing_skew)
+         return true;
+      RARCH_LOG("[Video]: Timings deviate too much. Will not adjust."
+            " (Target = %.2f Hz, Game = %.2f Hz)\n",
+            target_video_sync_rate,
+            (float)input_fps);
+   }
+   return input_fps <= target_video_sync_rate;
+}
+
 static void driver_adjust_system_rates(
+      runloop_state_t *runloop_st,
+      video_driver_state_t *video_st,
+      settings_t *settings,
       bool vrr_runloop_enable,
       float video_refresh_rate,
       float audio_max_timing_skew,
       bool video_adaptive_vsync,
       unsigned video_swap_interval)
 {
-   runloop_state_t     *runloop_st        = runloop_state_get_ptr();
-   video_driver_state_t *video_st         = video_state_get_ptr();
    struct retro_system_av_info *av_info   = &video_st->av_info;
    const struct retro_system_timing *info =
       (const struct retro_system_timing*)&av_info->timing;
@@ -631,12 +680,13 @@ static void driver_adjust_system_rates(
       video_st->core_hz             = input_fps;
 
       if (!video_driver_monitor_adjust_system_rates(
-         timing_skew_hz,
+               settings->uints.video_swap_interval,
-         video_refresh_rate,
+               timing_skew_hz,
-         vrr_runloop_enable,
+               video_refresh_rate,
-         audio_max_timing_skew,
+               vrr_runloop_enable,
-         video_swap_interval,
+               audio_max_timing_skew,
-         input_fps))
+               video_swap_interval,
+               input_fps))
       {
          /* We won't be able to do VSync reliably
             when game FPS > monitor FPS. */
@@ -746,7 +796,7 @@ void drivers_init(
 #endif
 
    if (flags & (DRIVER_VIDEO_MASK | DRIVER_AUDIO_MASK))
-      driver_adjust_system_rates(
+      driver_adjust_system_rates(runloop_st, video_st, settings,
                                  settings->bools.vrr_runloop_enable,
                                  settings->floats.video_refresh_rate,
                                  settings->floats.audio_max_timing_skew,
@@ -892,7 +942,9 @@ void drivers_init(
     * a global notifications on/off toggle switch */
    if (   video_font_enable
        && menu_enable_widgets
-       && video_driver_has_widgets())
+       && video_st->current_video
+       && video_st->current_video->gfx_widgets_enabled
+       && video_st->current_video->gfx_widgets_enabled(video_st->data))
    {
       bool rarch_force_fullscreen = video_st->flags &
          VIDEO_FLAG_FORCE_FULLSCREEN;
@@ -1160,17 +1212,19 @@ bool driver_ctl(enum driver_ctl_state state, void *data)
    {
       case RARCH_DRIVER_CTL_SET_REFRESH_RATE:
          {
-            float *hz                    = (float*)data;
+            float *hz                     = (float*)data;
             audio_driver_state_t 
-               *audio_st                 = audio_state_get_ptr();
+               *audio_st                  = audio_state_get_ptr();
-            settings_t *settings         = config_get_ptr();
+            settings_t *settings          = config_get_ptr();
+            runloop_state_t *runloop_st   = runloop_state_get_ptr();
+            video_driver_state_t*video_st = video_state_get_ptr();
             unsigned 
-               audio_output_sample_rate  = settings->uints.audio_output_sample_rate;
+               audio_output_sample_rate   = settings->uints.audio_output_sample_rate;
-            bool vrr_runloop_enable      = settings->bools.vrr_runloop_enable;
+            bool vrr_runloop_enable       = settings->bools.vrr_runloop_enable;
-            float video_refresh_rate     = settings->floats.video_refresh_rate;
+            float video_refresh_rate      = settings->floats.video_refresh_rate;
-            float audio_max_timing_skew  = settings->floats.audio_max_timing_skew;
+            float audio_max_timing_skew   = settings->floats.audio_max_timing_skew;
-            bool video_adaptive_vsync    = settings->bools.video_adaptive_vsync;
+            bool video_adaptive_vsync     = settings->bools.video_adaptive_vsync;
-            unsigned video_swap_interval = settings->uints.video_swap_interval;
+            unsigned video_swap_interval  = settings->uints.video_swap_interval;
 
             video_monitor_set_refresh_rate(*hz);
 
@@ -1179,7 +1233,7 @@ bool driver_ctl(enum driver_ctl_state state, void *data)
             audio_st->source_ratio_current    =
             (double)audio_output_sample_rate / audio_st->input;
 
-            driver_adjust_system_rates(
+            driver_adjust_system_rates(runloop_st, video_st, settings,
                                        vrr_runloop_enable,
                                        video_refresh_rate,
                                        audio_max_timing_skew,