diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Common/Interfaces/IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Common/Interfaces/IEmulator.cs
index 4db0140b89..02e6f647a5 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Common/Interfaces/IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Common/Interfaces/IEmulator.cs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Common
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets the current frame count
+		/// Frame must be incremented after emulation in the core
 		/// </summary>
 		int Frame { get; }
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Computers/MSX/MSX.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Computers/MSX/MSX.IEmulator.cs
index 2b362783da..199fd5d5f6 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Computers/MSX/MSX.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Computers/MSX/MSX.IEmulator.cs
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Computers.MSX
 			if (_controller.IsPressed("P2 B2")) ctrl2_byte -= 0x20;
 
 			if (current_controller == MSXControllerKB) { kb_rows_check(controller); }		
-
-			_frame++;
 			
 			if (Tracer.Enabled)
 			{
@@ -45,7 +43,9 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Computers.MSX
 			LibMSX.MSX_settracecallback(MSX_Pntr, tracecb);
 			
 			LibMSX.MSX_frame_advance(MSX_Pntr, ctrl1_byte, ctrl2_byte, kb_rows, true, true);
-			
+
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/2600/Atari2600.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/2600/Atari2600.IEmulator.cs
index ccad80285a..9849eef8d2 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/2600/Atari2600.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/2600/Atari2600.IEmulator.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Atari.Atari2600
 		{
 			_controller = controller;
 
-			_frame++;
 			_islag = true;
 
 			// Handle all the console controls here
@@ -76,6 +75,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Atari.Atari2600
 
 			_tia.LineCount = 0;
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/A7800Hawk/A7800Hawk.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/A7800Hawk/A7800Hawk.IEmulator.cs
index a074fd3f47..4e7608745d 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/A7800Hawk/A7800Hawk.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/A7800Hawk/A7800Hawk.IEmulator.cs
@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Atari.A7800Hawk
 				cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				// it seems that theMachine.Reset() doesn't clear ram, etc
@@ -89,6 +87,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Atari.A7800Hawk
 				_lagCount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/lynx/Lynx.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/lynx/Lynx.cs
index acce99383f..dafcb97a80 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/lynx/Lynx.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Atari/lynx/Lynx.cs
@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Atari.Lynx
 
 		public bool FrameAdvance(IController controller, bool render, bool rendersound = true)
 		{
-			Frame++;
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				LibLynx.Reset(Core);
@@ -135,6 +134,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Atari.Lynx
 				LagCount++;
 			}
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Coleco/ColecoVision.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Coleco/ColecoVision.IEmulator.cs
index 6664e6122c..34a8e09d5c 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Coleco/ColecoVision.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Coleco/ColecoVision.IEmulator.cs
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.ColecoVision
 				SoftReset();
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			_isLag = true;
 			if (_tracer.Enabled)
 			{
@@ -164,6 +162,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.ColecoVision
 				_lagCount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/GCE/Vectrex/VectrexHawk.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/GCE/Vectrex/VectrexHawk.IEmulator.cs
index f4fe1e9c69..37679fc028 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/GCE/Vectrex/VectrexHawk.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/GCE/Vectrex/VectrexHawk.IEmulator.cs
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.Vectrex
 				cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				HardReset();
@@ -74,6 +72,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.Vectrex
 				_lagcount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Intellivision/Intellivision.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Intellivision/Intellivision.IEmulator.cs
index 3b332b7ec9..4c5ddba371 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Intellivision/Intellivision.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Intellivision/Intellivision.IEmulator.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Intellivision
 				_cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
 			_sticRow = -1;
 
 			// read the controller state here for now
@@ -125,6 +124,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Intellivision
 				SoftReset();
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Magnavox/Odyssey2/O2Hawk.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Magnavox/Odyssey2/O2Hawk.IEmulator.cs
index 3d92f8f007..ca257c3b11 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Magnavox/Odyssey2/O2Hawk.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Magnavox/Odyssey2/O2Hawk.IEmulator.cs
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.O2Hawk
 				cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				HardReset();
@@ -48,6 +46,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.O2Hawk
 				_lagcount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBA/MGBAHawk.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBA/MGBAHawk.cs
index 998bca8a1a..89e4a3c806 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBA/MGBAHawk.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBA/MGBAHawk.cs
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBA
 
 		public bool FrameAdvance(IController controller, bool render, bool renderSound = true)
 		{
-			Frame++;
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				LibmGBA.BizReset(Core);
@@ -147,6 +146,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBA
 			// this should be called in hblank on the appropriate line, but until we implement that, just do it here
 			_scanlinecb?.Invoke();
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawk/GBHawk.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawk/GBHawk.IEmulator.cs
index 448cbd723c..bbe6af7b5a 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawk/GBHawk.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawk/GBHawk.IEmulator.cs
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawk
 				cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("P1 Power"))
 			{
 				HardReset();
@@ -90,6 +88,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawk
 				_lagcount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink/GBHawkLink.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink/GBHawkLink.IEmulator.cs
index 3f1b805c59..3b3b736e3b 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink/GBHawkLink.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink/GBHawkLink.IEmulator.cs
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawkLink
 				L.cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("P1 Power"))
 			{
 				L.HardReset();
@@ -91,6 +89,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawkLink
 				_lagcount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink3x/GBHawkLink3x.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink3x/GBHawkLink3x.IEmulator.cs
index a75ff985e0..bd113eb7b4 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink3x/GBHawkLink3x.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink3x/GBHawkLink3x.IEmulator.cs
@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawkLink3x
 				L.cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("P1 Power"))
 			{
 				L.HardReset();
@@ -130,6 +128,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawkLink3x
 				_lagcount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink4x/GBHawkLink4x.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink4x/GBHawkLink4x.IEmulator.cs
index 9c17d1cebf..e80c8d0867 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink4x/GBHawkLink4x.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/GBHawkLink4x/GBHawkLink4x.IEmulator.cs
@@ -83,8 +83,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawkLink4x
 				A.cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("P1 Power"))
 			{
 				A.HardReset();
@@ -166,6 +164,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.GBHawkLink4x
 				_lagcount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/Gambatte.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/Gambatte.cs
index 4ea90177ea..2b7512c954 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/Gambatte.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/Gambatte.cs
@@ -276,8 +276,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.Gameboy
 
 		internal void FrameAdvancePrep(IController controller)
 		{
-			Frame++;
-
 			// update our local copy of the controller data
 			CurrentButtons = 0;
 
@@ -327,6 +325,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.Gameboy
 				LagCount++;
 			}
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			endofframecallback?.Invoke(LibGambatte.gambatte_cpuread(GambatteState, 0xff40));
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/GambatteLink.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/GambatteLink.IEmulator.cs
index 53592d3585..9e20eb8e83 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/GambatteLink.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/Gameboy/GambatteLink.IEmulator.cs
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.Gameboy
 
 			_cablediscosignal = cablediscosignalNew;
 
-			Frame++;
 			L.FrameAdvancePrep(LCont);
 			R.FrameAdvancePrep(RCont);
 
@@ -148,6 +147,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.Gameboy
 				LagCount++;
 			}
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/NES.Core.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/NES.Core.cs
index eb0fca3980..24a2988f1f 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/NES.Core.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/NES.Core.cs
@@ -304,8 +304,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.NES
 				HardReset();
 			}
 
-			Frame++;
-
 			//if (resetSignal)
 			//Controller.UnpressButton("Reset");   TODO fix this
 			resetSignal = controller.IsPressed("Reset");
@@ -381,6 +379,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.NES
 			// any cheats still active will be re-applied by the buspoke at the start of the next frame
 			num_cheats = 0;
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/PPU.regs.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/PPU.regs.cs
index d015b2723a..67b1d02ef2 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/PPU.regs.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/NES/PPU.regs.cs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.NES
 			//quite strange that is makes the sprite hit flag go high like this
 			if (nes._isVS2c05==2)
 			{
-				if (nes.Frame<4)
+				if (nes.Frame<3)
 				{
 
 					return (byte)((Reg2002_vblank_active << 7) | (Reg2002_objhit << 6) | (1 << 5) | (0x1D));
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/QuickNES/QuickNES.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/QuickNES/QuickNES.cs
index c7fda8519b..510ebf15c1 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/QuickNES/QuickNES.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/QuickNES/QuickNES.cs
@@ -196,7 +196,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.Nintendo.QuickNES
 
 				QN.qn_set_tracecb(Context, Tracer.Enabled ? _traceCb : null);
 
-				Frame++;
 				LibQuickNES.ThrowStringError(QN.qn_emulate_frame(Context, j1, j2));
 				IsLagFrame = QN.qn_get_joypad_read_count(Context) == 0;
 				if (IsLagFrame)
@@ -210,6 +209,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.Nintendo.QuickNES
 				_callBack1?.Invoke();
 				_callBack2?.Invoke();
 
+				Frame++;
+
 				return true;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SNES/LibsnesCore.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SNES/LibsnesCore.IEmulator.cs
index 1bea346b38..d20ed70bc8 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SNES/LibsnesCore.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SNES/LibsnesCore.IEmulator.cs
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.SNES
 			RefreshMemoryCallbacks(false);
 
 			// apparently this is one frame?
-			_timeFrameCounter++;
 			Api.CMD_run();
+			_timeFrameCounter++;
 
 			// once upon a time we forwarded messages from bsnes here, by checking for queued text messages, but I don't think it's needed any longer
 			if (IsLagFrame)
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubGBHawk/SubGBHawk.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubGBHawk/SubGBHawk.IEmulator.cs
index 00a55dcb3e..8625f6f771 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubGBHawk/SubGBHawk.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubGBHawk/SubGBHawk.IEmulator.cs
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.SubGBHawk
 				_GBCore.cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			reset_frame = false;
 			if (controller.IsPressed("P1 Power"))
 			{
@@ -81,6 +79,9 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.SubGBHawk
 			}
 
 			reset_frame = false;
+
+			_frame++;
+
 			return ret;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubNESHawk/SubNESHawk.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubNESHawk/SubNESHawk.IEmulator.cs
index 37e6f50879..add0e7afd9 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubNESHawk/SubNESHawk.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Nintendo/SubNESHawk/SubNESHawk.IEmulator.cs
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.SubNESHawk
 				_nesCore.cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				HardReset();
@@ -62,6 +60,9 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Nintendo.SubNESHawk
 			}
 
 			reset_frame = false;
+
+			_frame++;
+
 			return ret;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/PC Engine/PCEngine.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/PC Engine/PCEngine.IEmulator.cs
index 3413d76351..cce59b28b7 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/PC Engine/PCEngine.IEmulator.cs	
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/PC Engine/PCEngine.IEmulator.cs	
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.PCEngine
 			_controller = controller;
 			_lagged = true;
 			DriveLightOn = false;
-			Frame++;
 			CheckSpriteLimit();
 			PSG.BeginFrame(Cpu.TotalExecutedCycles);
 
@@ -40,6 +39,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.PCEngine
 				_isLag = false;
 			}
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/GGHawkLink/GGHawkLink.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/GGHawkLink/GGHawkLink.IEmulator.cs
index d000f1d6fa..30e92db6cb 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/GGHawkLink/GGHawkLink.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/GGHawkLink/GGHawkLink.IEmulator.cs
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sega.GGHawkLink
 				L.Cpu.TraceCallback = null;
 			}
 
-			_frame++;
-
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
 			{
 				HardReset();
@@ -53,6 +51,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sega.GGHawkLink
 				_lagCount++;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/SMS/SMS.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/SMS/SMS.IEmulator.cs
index d317ffb423..8b3a7eeca6 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/SMS/SMS.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/SMS/SMS.IEmulator.cs
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sega.MasterSystem
 		{
 			_controller = controller;
 			_lagged = true;
-			_frame++;
 
 			if (!IsGameGear)
 			{
@@ -129,6 +128,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sega.MasterSystem
 				_isLag = false;
 			}
 
+			_frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
@@ -136,7 +137,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sega.MasterSystem
 		public void FrameAdvancePrep()
 		{
 			_lagged = true;
-			_frame++;
 
 			if (!IsGameGear && IsGameGear_C)
 			{
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sega.MasterSystem
 			{
 				_isLag = false;
 			}
+
+			_frame++;
 		}
 
 		public int Frame => _frame;
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/gpgx64/GPGX.IEmulator.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/gpgx64/GPGX.IEmulator.cs
index 0e010030b1..531b3d1b3a 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/gpgx64/GPGX.IEmulator.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sega/gpgx64/GPGX.IEmulator.cs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.Sega.gpgx
 				throw new Exception($"{nameof(Core.gpgx_put_control)}() failed!");
 
 			IsLagFrame = true;
-			Frame++;
+
 			_driveLight = false;
 
 			Core.gpgx_advance();
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Consoles.Sega.gpgx
 				LagCount++;
 
 			if (_cds != null)
-				DriveLightOn = _driveLight;
+				DriveLightOn = _driveLight;
+
+			Frame++;
 
 			return true;
 		}
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sony/PSX/Octoshock.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sony/PSX/Octoshock.cs
index 7176afefc1..ac56aa7847 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sony/PSX/Octoshock.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/Sony/PSX/Octoshock.cs
@@ -808,8 +808,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sony.PSX
 			//TODO - actually, make this feedback from the core. there should be a register or status which effectively corresponds to whether it's reading.
 			DriveLightOn = false;
 
-			Frame++;
-
 			SetInput();
 
 			OctoshockDll.shock_SetLEC(psx, _SyncSettings.EnableLEC);
@@ -899,6 +897,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.Sony.PSX
 				OctoshockDll.shock_GetSamples(psx, samples);
 			}
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/WonderSwan/WonderSwan.cs b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/WonderSwan/WonderSwan.cs
index 2afaa1c89b..401f3501a4 100644
--- a/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/WonderSwan/WonderSwan.cs
+++ b/src/BizHawk.Emulation.Cores/Consoles/WonderSwan/WonderSwan.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.WonderSwan
 
 		public bool FrameAdvance(IController controller, bool render, bool rendersound = true)
 		{
-			Frame++;
 			IsLagFrame = true;
 
 			if (controller.IsPressed("Power"))
@@ -79,6 +78,8 @@ namespace BizHawk.Emulation.Cores.WonderSwan
 			if (IsLagFrame)
 				LagCount++;
 
+			Frame++;
+
 			return true;
 		}